tata indoor presentation

1 © NOKIA 1999 FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

In-Building Planning

Pradeep NarayanSenior Radio Network Planner

NOKIA INDIA


Topics

• In-Building Solution Proposal

• Planning

• Measurement

• Implementation

• Optimising In-Building Solution

• In-Building Acceptance Testing


RF RequirementsRF Requirements• Quality of Service

• Customer requirement : >= -80dBm @ 95% location probability

• Server from In-Building Solution in dedicated mode >= 90%

• Call Set-up Success Rate >= 98%

• Drop Call Rate < 2%

• DL RxQual 0-2 > 90%

• DL RXQual 0-4 > 95%

• Spillage level < -85dBm in-car, on the street @ 90%location probability

• Indoor Freq. Reservations in diffrerent parts of the city

• Parameter settings


ResourcesResources

MeasurementEngineer

Radio NetworkPlanner

Subcontractor Installation supervisor

Installation Planner

Customers RadioNetwork Planner

Customers SiteAcquisition

Team


Process Process FlowFlowIn-Building Roll-OutIn-Building Roll-Out

Pre-SurveyCoverage

requirementdiscussion with Customers RNP

Survey

Detailed RF Design1. Power Budget2. System Diagram3. Coverage Plan4. Antenna location in pictures5. Antenna location on floor plan

submit1. Install. Planng. Proposal2. ACAD drawing3. Material list

Proposal submission Implementation

Indoor solution requirementconfirmation with survey schedule from Customer Floor plan

Discuss installationissues on System

Design with InstallationPlanner

Discuss solutionwith Customers

RNP

Compilation SiteAcquisition

Site Acceptance Test1. Antenna Line

Acceptance2. BTS Acceptance

TransmissionIntegrationOptimizationRFAcceptance


In-Building Solution ProposalIn-Building Solution ProposalRNPRNP Report Report

• Solution description

• Coverage plan

• System diagram

• Power budget calculation

• Proposed antenna locations photographs

• System layout on floor plan

• Measurement result


RNP ReportRNP ReportSolution DescriptionSolution Description

• Overview» Network Solution Passive Coaxial and Antenna Distribution

• Coverage Plan -> Target Coverage Area» How many levels, basement carpark, lift lobby, toilets, staff areas etc.

• Antenna Network Configuration» How many antennas (omni, panel) and Leaky Co-aXial cables (LCX)

• BTS Accommodation» Type of BTS (Flexitalk, Flexitalk+, Intratalk, Citytalk or Metrosite)» BTS location (which level?)» BTS Configuration (esp. Intra:1+1+1 or 1+1?)

• Electrical Power» Flexi : 20A single phase» City/Intra : 20A 3-phase or 50A single-phase


RF Transmission TechniquesRF Transmission Techniques�Distributed Antennas

�Passive distribution�Active - with amplifiers

�Leaky Coax�Coupling Loss�Attenuation over distance

�Fibre Optic Antennas�Output Power�U/L Noise


Passive AntennasPassive Antennas�Use RF couplers for asymmetrical power splits

�available in the following common coupling factors:�-3dB, -6dB, -10dB, -15dB, -20dB

�Design to have similar total distribution and coupling lossto each antenna

�Best to minimize coax length

-10dB

I/P=0dB -0.5dB


Distributed Antenna StructureDistributed Antenna Structure�Minimize coax length!�An example:

�Good design minimizes losses!�Lower power for same output

L=-10dB

+10dB+10dB

+21dBm-10dB

L=-5dB

+10dB+10dB

+18dBm

-3dB

L=-5dB

-3dB

End Fed:

Center Fed:


Leaky CoaxLeaky Coax�Coupling loss

�depends on installation, environment, proximity of metal�not like in the cable specifications!�coupling losses can be big

�Multi systems will require separate TX and RX cables�critical in active systems

�Installation is key to system performance�Big installations that rely on small design margins absolutely

need careful design using measured cable attenuation andcoupling factors valid for the actual installation


Fibre Optic EquipmentFibre Optic Equipment�Active equipment (over priced with poor performance)

�Output power low, linear amp, limited channel capacity�Not suitable to transmit into air (Intermods!)�Uplink noise figure high (up to 20dB) - means that it’s

unsuitable for combining more than a few together�Maybe suitable for single operator in few applications - (the toy

stuff, fibre optic antennas)�Need custom made equipment for special or multi-operator &

multi-system operation (tunnels & MTR system)


RNP ReportRNP ReportCoverage PlanCoverage Plan

• Level 1 Floor Plan

To be covered by outdoor cell

Indoor cell coverage area


RNP ReportRNP ReportSystem DiagramSystem Diagram


RNP ReportRNP ReportPower BudgetPower Budget

A n t e n n a A - B 2 - 1 A - B 2 - 2 A - B 2 - 3 A - B 1 - 1 A - B 1 - 2 A - B 1 - 3 A - B 1 - 4 A - L 1 - 1 A - L 1 - 2 A - L 1 - 3 A - L 2 - 1 A - L 2 - 2 A - L 2 - 3C a b l e l e n g t h 1 / 2 " ( m ) 3 3 1 0 1 0 1 0C a b l e l e n g t h 1 / 2 " ( m ) 1 1C a b l e l e n g t h 1 / 2 " ( m )C a b l e l e n g t h 1 / 2 " ( m )C a b l e l e n g t h 1 / 2 " ( m )T o t a l C a b l e l e n g t h 1 / 2 " ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 1 0 1 0 1 1T o t a l C a b l e l o s s 1 / 2 " ( d B 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 - 0 . 4 - 0 . 3 - 1 . 1 - 1 . 1 - 1 . 2C a b l e l e n g t h 7 / 8 " ( m ) 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5C a b l e l e n g t h 7 / 8 " ( m ) 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2C a b l e l e n g t h 7 / 8 " ( m ) 6 8 6 8 6 8 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 2 2 2 2 2C a b l e l e n g t h 7 / 8 " ( m ) 4 8 2 0 4 2 6 6 4 0 2 6 2 6 3 0 6 2 3 3 3 4C a b l e l e n g t h 7 / 8 " ( m ) 1 0 3 6C a b l e l e n g t h 7 / 8 " ( m )C a b l e l e n g t h 7 / 8 " ( m )T o t a l C a b l e l e n g t h 7 / 8 " ( 1 6 1 1 3 3 1 5 5 1 7 1 1 4 5 1 4 1 1 6 7 5 9 2 9 9 1 5 9 9 2 9 3T o t a l C a b l e l o s s 7 / 8 " ( d B - 9 . 5 - 7 . 8 - 9 . 1 - 1 0 . 1 - 8 . 5 - 8 . 3 - 9 . 8 - 3 . 5 - 1 . 7 - 5 . 4 - 3 . 5 - 5 . 4 - 5 . 5T o t a l c a b l e l o s s ( d B ) - 9 . 5 - 7 . 8 - 9 . 1 - 1 0 . 1 - 8 . 5 - 8 . 3 - 9 . 8 - 3 . 5 - 2 . 1 - 5 . 7 - 4 . 5 - 6 . 5 - 6 . 6J u m p e r L o s s ( d B ) - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0C o u p l e r 6 d B ( c o u p l i n g ) 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0C o u p l e r 6 d B ( t h r u ) 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 2 . 0 0C o u p l e r 8 d B ( c o u p l i n g ) 1 . 0 0C o u p l e r 8 d B ( t h r u )C o u p l e r 1 0 d B ( c o u p l i n g ) 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0C o u p l e r 1 0 d B ( t h r u ) 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 3 . 0 0C o u p l e r 1 3 d B ( c o u p l i n g )C o u p l e r 1 3 d B ( t h r u )C o u p l e r 1 5 d B ( c o u p l i n g )C o u p l e r 1 5 d B ( t h r u )C o u p l e r 2 0 d B ( c o u p l i n g )C o u p l e r 2 0 d B ( t h r u )T o t a l C o u p l e r L o s s - 6 . 3 5 - 6 . 3 5 - 6 . 3 5 - 1 . 7 0 - 1 . 7 0 - 8 . 0 5 - 3 . 4 0 - 1 0 . 3 5 - 1 1 . 3 0 - 1 1 . 3 0 - 1 1 . 3 0 - 1 2 . 2 5 - 1 1 . 2 0S p l i t t e r 2 w a y 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0S p l i t t e r 3 w a y 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0S p l i t t e r 4 w a yT o t a l S p l i t t e r L o s s - 1 0 . 1 0 - 1 0 . 1 0 - 1 0 . 1 0 - 1 0 . 1 0 - 1 0 . 1 0 - 1 0 . 1 0 - 1 0 . 1 0 - 8 . 3 0 - 8 . 3 0 - 8 . 3 0 - 5 . 0 5 - 5 . 0 5 - 5 . 0 5B T S r a c k t o p p o w e r ( d B 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0A n t e n n a G a i n ( d B i ) 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0A n t e n n a E I R P ( d B m ) 1 1 . 1 1 2 . 7 1 1 . 4 1 5 . 1 1 6 . 7 1 0 . 6 1 3 . 7 1 4 . 9 1 5 . 3 1 1 . 7 1 6 . 1 1 3 . 2 1 4 . 1B T S R e c e i v e d L e v e l ( d B m - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0A n t e n n a A - B 2 - 1 A - B 2 - 2 A - B 2 - 3 A - B 1 - 1 A - B 1 - 2 A - B 1 - 3 A - B 1 - 4 A - L 1 - 1 A - L 1 - 2 A - L 1 - 3 A - L 2 - 1 A - L 2 - 2 A - L 2 - 3


RNP ReportRNP ReportProposed Antenna Location PhotographsProposed Antenna Location Photographs

A-L1-3 (Above the information counter)

Antenna type 1

Antenna type 2

A-L3-1 (On the side wall of shop no. 03-36)


RNP ReportRNP ReportAntenna System Layout on Floor PlanAntenna System Layout on Floor Plan


RNP ReportRNP ReportMeasurement ResultsMeasurement Results

Measurement Procedures (TEMS Light)• Lock on to transmitting channel• Walk slowly (1 sample per second)• Measure and mark walking route on floor plan• Draw conclusion from measurement and decide antenna location & ERP!!

Antenna Location


• Pre-survey (0.5 day)

• Survey + Measurement (1 day for average-sized building)

• System diagram, antenna location on the floor plan, system description,power budget (3 days)

• IP report, material list and ACAD drawing (4 days)

• Compilation of the proposal (1 day)

• Update of As-built System Diagram, Power Budget & Floor Plan (usu. 1 day)

Note: Total about 10 days but the actual average is 14 days

PlanningPlanningLead TimeLead Time


PlanningPlanningComponent SpecificationsComponent Specifications

Radiating Cable

Power Splitters

Brand Code Com pone nt Couple d Por t Thru por t Los s (dB) Los s (dB)

ARGUS CJS6W Argus 6 dB couple r (100W) 6.50 1.50ARGUS CJS8W Argus 8 dB couple r (100W) 8.5 1ARGUS CJS10W Argus 10 dB couple r (100W) 10.5 0.75ARGUS CJS13W Argus 13 dB couple r (100W) 13.5 0.5ARGUS CJS15W Argus 15 dB couple r (100W) 15.5 0.4ARGUS CJS20W Argus 20 dB couple r (100W) 20.5 0.4

NK Feeder 900 MHz (dB/100m) 1800 MHz(dB/100m) 1800 MHz(dB/100m)normal superflex

1/2" 7.13 10.56 15.597/8" 3.95 5.90 7.291 1/4" 2.87 4.36 -1 5/8" 2.37 3.65 -

Brand Code Com pone nt Los s (dB)KATHREIN 737303 Kathre in 2 w ay s plitte r (200W) 3.5KATHREIN 737305 Kathre in 3 w ay s plitte r (200W) 4.7KATHREIN 737307 Kathre in 4 w ay s plitte r (200W) 6.0

C a b le ty p e 5 0 % c o u p lin g lo s s 9 5 % c o u p lin g lo s A tte n u a tio nd B d B d B /1 0 0 m

1 /2 " R F X 7 8 8 8 1 2 .97 /8 " R F X 7 6 8 7 7 .57 /8 " R F X T 7 0 8 0 8 .07 /8 " R F 2 X 7 2 8 2 9 .0

RF Cable

Couplers

Ante nna type Ga in Horizonta l be am w idth Ve rtica l bea m w idthdBi De gree s De gre es

Ante l IOA 890/1710 2.1 360 90Ka the re in 736935 8 90 65

Antenna


Omni AntennasOmni Antennas

Antel Omnidirectional antenna

• Gain 2.1dBi• 360 deg.• Dimensions 205*67mm• N-female connector

Kathrein 737602 omnidirectionalantenna

• Gain 2 dBi• 360 deg.• Dimensions 200*70*110mm• N-female connector

Symbol in systemdiagram


Directional AntennaDirectional Antenna

Kathrein 736395 directionalantenna

• Gain 8 dBi• 90 deg.• Dimensions 290*105*30mm• N-female connector with 1mRG58/CU tail cable



SplittersSplitters

2-Way 3-Way 4-Way




N-femaleconnectors

Outputs

Input

Mounting bracket


CouplersCouplers

Available following models: 6dB, 8dB, 10dB, 13dB, 15dB, 20dB and 30dB.


6dB


Terminator & Adaptor Terminator & Adaptor

1 W/50ohm. Power Terminator with N-female connector

•Terminator of leaky cable


N-male / N-female right angle adaptor


FeedersFeeders


1/2"7/8"

1-1/4"

RFF 1/2"Super Flex

RFX 1/2"Leaky Cable

RFX 7/8"Leaky Cable

Hole

RF 7/8"Feeder Cable


Installation instructionsInstallation instructions

Hello !


Example 1Example 1

Coupler to Coupler 2 Couplers and 2 Splitters together


Example 2Example 2Installation in Carpark area(Omni directional antenna)


Example 3Example 3

Front view Back view

Installation in car park area(Directional antenna)


MeasurementMeasurementToolsTools

• TEMS Light for propagation testing (TEMS Transmitter, Panel & Co-linear test antennas,tripod support, cables, Fujitsu touch-screen PC & pen)


In-Building AcceptanceIn-Building Acceptance TestingTesting

• 5 Essential Measurements Done» Coverage: walk-test inside building based on planned indoor coverage» Handover:

• Building entrances (3 successful HO per entrance, walking)• Carpark entrances (3 successful HO per entrance, driving)

» Spillage: Main/busy streets surrounding building» Idle Mode: Yes/No criteria if mobile camps onto indoor» IMSI Tracing: Obtain UL RXLev & Quality results

• Tools» NIB (for measurements on site)» SAM (for QSR, DCR, HOSR, CSSR, DL_RXQual)


In-Building Acceptance TestingIn-Building Acceptance Testing

• Acceptance Report Summary

1. Acceptance Report Summary

Signal strength inside building from indoor system >= -80dBm 99.66%(>95%)

DL RX quality 0-2 99.1%(>90%)

DL RX quality 0-4 99.7%(>95%)

Call set-up success rate 100%(>98%)

Drop call rate 0%(<2%)

HO success rate 100%(>98%)

UL RxLev >= -90dBm 96.82%(90%)

UL RxQual better than 2 98.61%(90%)

UL RxQual better than 4 99.19%(95%)


In-Building Acceptance TestingIn-Building Acceptance Testing• Acceptance Report Summary - HO Report

» HO Report In -> Out

» HO Report Out -> In HO between 'outdoor cell and indoor cell' was successful as follow (3 times every entrance)

Outdoor Indoor Remark

Cell ID Channel BSIC RxLev Location Cell ID Channel BSIC RxLev Location

10331 705 22 -70 See ref. 1 26041 729 58 -75 See ref. 1 HO ok



HO between 'indoor cell and outdoor cell' was successful as follow (3 times every entrance).

Indoor Outdoor Remark






In-Building Acceptance TestingIn-Building Acceptance Testing• Acceptance Report Summary - HO Report

» HO Report In -> In

HO between 'indoor cell and outdoor cell' was successful as follow (3 times every entrance).

Indoor Outdoor Remark







• Acceptance Report Summary - Handover Ref. Points

Ref. 1

Ref. 2Ref. 3

Ref. 4


In-Building Acceptance TestingIn-Building Acceptance Testing• Acceptance Report Summary - Spillage Report

Spillage report

Measure by driving on the main street near-by the building

Signal from indoor system not higher than -85dBm %(>90%)

Mobile always camp on outdoor system in dedicated mode Yes

Mobile always camp on outdoor system in idle mode Yes


In-Building Acceptance TestingIn-Building Acceptance Testing• Acceptance Report Summary - Spillage Plot



• DL RxLev Plot on Floor Plans


7/8” RFXT 7/8" RFX

Transmitting power 8 dBm

15 m

Measurement results

cabelscabels

•With RFXT the coverage is stil quite good in 20 m away from the cabel•With RFX the coverage is already quite limited, 10-15 meters away



• Adjacencies Defined

Adjacencies defined at the Parameter Database

S/N Adjacencies Cell ID1 10321 (outdoor cell)2 13243 (outdoor cell)3 13303 (outdoor cell)4 13312 (outdoor cell)5 13242 (outdoor cell)6 20323 (indoor cell)7 20322 (indoor cell)


Planning Planning ExperienceExperienceLead TimeLead Time

• Pre-survey (0.5 day)

• Survey + Measurement (1 day for average-sized building)

• System diagram, antenna location on the floor plan, system description,power budget (3 days)

• IP report, material list and ACAD drawing (4 days)

• Compilation of the proposal (1 day)

• Update of As-built System Diagram, Power Budget & Floor Plan (usu. 1 day)

Note: Total about 10 days but the actual average is 14 days


Planning ExperiencePlanning ExperienceWhat Went Wrong - Time BusterWhat Went Wrong - Time Buster

• BTS Location Change

»Due to building owner's decision

»After Indoor Solution Design is done -> Re-Design!!

»Unforseen, sometimes dependent on Site Acquisition relationship withBuilding Owner

• Cable Routing Changes

»Due to inaccessibility of risers, certain parts of the ceiling (eg. aircon duct),renovation etc.

»Re-design!!


Planning ExperiencePlanning Experience Planning for "First Time Right" Planning for "First Time Right"

• Coverage Criteria & Planning

»Coverage area and criteria MUST be clearly defined• eg. -80 dBm @95% location probability

»eg. Airport, Convention Centre, large shopping malls

»Design must not be too optimistic, do not be afraid to add antenna & justifyit thru' measurement plots

»Always first decide how much area you want to cover

»Predict the ERP required (Don't waste power!)

»Measurement to verify


Planning ExperiencePlanning Experience Planning for "First Time Right" Planning for "First Time Right"

• RF component location» install inside riser or near ceiling access hole - for pain-free Trouble-

Shooting

• Antenna Location» Install near ceiling access hole for ease of installation»Of course, general aesthetic consideration for bldg.

• Multi-Sector BTS»Sectorise the building to minimise handover - cause for failure and

interference due to improper/sometimes difficult frequency planning


Optimisation ExperienceOptimisation ExperienceBudget Time Bomb!Budget Time Bomb!

Planning, Installation issues not properly handled will result in extra,unforseen amount of project spending during Optimisation!!


Optimisation ExperienceOptimisation ExperiencePoor CoveragePoor Coverage

Poor Coverage in some areas - Common Causes

• Open connection» antenna, coupler, splitter port

• Coupler» coupled port/thru port reversed» input port/thru port reversed

• Poor design» miscalculated distribution loss - esp. large buildings» RNP too optimistic


Optimisation ExperienceOptimisation ExperiencePoor CoveragePoor Coverage

• Solution to Poor Coverage Due to Design:

» Increase output power of the BTS (free!!, change at NMS)

»Change coupler values ($, subcon required)

»shift antenna location ($$, subcon required)

»add antennas ($$, subcon required)


Optimisation ExperienceOptimisation ExperienceSpillageSpillage

• Spillage:

»caused by antennas too close to building edge & radiating excessively

• Solution

»Change coupler values

»shift antenna location ($$, subcon required)

»add attenuators ($, subcon required)

* Solution sometimes leads to poor coverage, very tricky


Optimisation ExperienceOptimisation ExperienceQualityQuality

• Poor Quality

»co-channel interference from another indoor or outdoor site

»adjacent interference between different sectors of same BTS

»hardware fault

• Solution:

»The need for good Freq Planning:– esp. City Centre (lots of high-rise buildings in close proximity)– Co-ordinate with outdoor freq planning to avoid adjacent channel


ParameterSettings

• Idle Mode- Cell reselction Parameters

Use C2 reselection instead of C1 for Indoor users to remain camped on to theindoorcell

Use Double BA list in IdleMode for nearby Macro cells

• Dedicated Mode - Handover parametersGateway Cells - No pbdgt handovers to macro cells except macro cells (except Rxqual HO's).

Umbrella handovers - Incoming handovers only to Gateway cells.

Pbdgt Handovers between indoor Cells - faster power budget periods to reducedrops in handovers.

Locating antennas near elevator shafts for smooth handovers.

• Freq. AllocationDedicated frequencies- staggered

Indentifying Freqs. for upper levels using BA list

tata indoor presentation

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