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ana margvelaSvili

am dros wamowyebul erTobliv qarTul-germanul iniciativebs Soris mniSvnelovani adgi-li eWira TbilisSi umaRlesi safexuris germanulenovan saswavlebels, kerZod, germanul gim-nazias, romelic, marTalia, 1918 wels gaixsna, magram am ideis xorcSesxmamde saqarTveloSi da TbilisSi mcxovrebma germanulma Temma xangrZlivi da dabrkolebebiT savse gza ganvlo. SeiZ-leba iTqvas, rom sinamdvileSi, gimnaziis istoria gaxsnamde mTeli saukuniT adre, 1818 wels, TbilisSi germanuli dasaxlebis – noitiflisis (Neutiflis) dafuZnebiT daiwyo.

1918 wels, mas Semdeg, rac saqarTvelom damoukidebloba gamoacxada da germaniasTan samo-kavSireo xelSekrulebebi dado, qveyanaSi germanuli saimperatoro samxedro misia Semovida, general kres fon kresenStainis meTaurobiT. misiam saqarTveloSi sul ramdenime Tve dahyo, Tumca am mokle xanSi, uSualod kresenStainis ZalisxmeviT, araerT erTobliv, anu qarTul-ger-manul iniciativas Caeyara safuZveli kulturisa da ganaTlebis sferoebSi. ormxriv TanamS-romlobas da sxvadasxva iniciativis ganxorcielebas xels uwyobda saqarTveloSi da, gansakuT-rebiT, TbilisSi mcxovrebi germanuli Temis da progermanulad ganwyobili sxva sazogadoebri-vi da politikuri jgufebis Tu individebis (mag., saqarTvelos germaniaSi ganaTlebamiRebuli moqalaqeebi) aqtiuroba da Zalisxmevac.

germaniidan, kerZod, baden-viurtembergidan Camosulma 50-mde ojaxma, romlebic, ZiriTa-dad, xelosnebi da mebaReebi iyvnen, mdinare mtkvris marcxena sanapiro, amJamindeli marjaniSvi-lis quCis mimdebare teritoria, SearCies sacxovreblad da ramdenadac zamTari ukve kars iyo momdgari, miwuri qoxebis Senebas Seudgnen. swored aq, am qoxebSi, moewyo samlocveloc da saek-lesio sakvirao skolac, romlis pirveli maswavlebeli iohanes haldneri gaxldaT. is moswav-leebs kviraobiT qadagebebs ukiTxavda, Semdeg ki wera-kiTxvaSi, simRerasa da angariSSi avarji-Sebda. swored am iniciativas mohyva kolonistebis Camosaxlebidan 9 TveSi, 1819 wlis ivlisSi, wminda petre-pavles skolis amoqmedeba, romelmac saukuneze met xans iarseba, ganviTarebis grZeli da rTuli gza gaiara da 1918 wels Tbilisis germanuli gimnaziis gaxsnis winapirobad iqca.

Tbilisis germanuli gimnaziis istoria

ganaTleba

zemoT naxsenebi germaniis saimperatoro misi-is Semosvlas mohyva TbilisSi germanuli gimnazi-is gaxsnaze msjelobis ganaxleba da gadaidga praqtikuli nabijebi. is, rac aTwleulebis gan-mavlobaSi germanuli Temis ocneba iyo da sxva-dasxva mizezis gamo ver xorcieldeboda, axla realobad iqca:

germanuli gimnazia sazeimod gaixsna 1918 wlis 15 oqtombers. mis direqtorad maleve dai-niSna germaniis qveSevrdomi, saimperatoro misi-

1918 wlis 10 ivliss Tbilisis evangelisturma saeklesio mrevlma Seqmna specialuri saskolo komisia, romelmac TbilisSi moqmed germanul er-ovnul sabWosTan TanxmobiT, gimnaziis dafuZneba gadawyvita. ukve 24 ivliss evangelur-luTeruli eklesiis saeklesio sabWom SuamdgomlobiT mi-marTa saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis saxalxo ganaTlebis saministros TbilisSi, ekle-siis (kirhe – amJamindeli marjaniSvilis moednis mimdebare teritoria) ezoSi, germanuli realu-ri gimnaziis gaxsnis Taobaze. evangelur-luTe-ruli eklesiis winamZRoli imxanad pastori ri-hard maieri iyo. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobam Suamdgomloba 1918 wlis 22 agvistos daakmayofila.

noitiflisis baRebi da kirhe 1913 wlis Tbilisis gegmaze

2017 wels gamocemuli wigni„kalendula da lurji Rili“

petre-pavles sakvirao, saeklesio skolis gaxsnidan moyolebuli, germanuli Temis da ek-lesiis dRis wesrigSi mudmivad idga germanulenovani ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebisa da xarisxis gaumjobesebis sakiTxebi. am Temaze fiqrobda, msjelobda da ukeTesi sistemisTvis ibrZoda saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi germanelebis araerTi Taoba. mTavar sazrunavs, XIX sauku-nis Sua wlebidan moyolebuli, ruseTis imperiaSi mimdinare rusifikaciis politikis fonze, germanulenovani saswavleblis SenarCunebis da 1900-iani wlebidan ki, umaRlesi germanul-enovani skolis gaxsnis idea warmoadgenda, romlis damTavrebis Semdegac moswavleebs (da aq ZiriTadad germanelebi igulisxmebodnen) ara ruseTis, aramed germaniis umaRles saswav-leblebSi SeeZlebodaT swavlis gagrZeleba. gimnazia swored aseTi – umaRlesi safexuris skola iyo, Tumca misi gaxsna 1918 wlamde ver moxerxda.

petre-pavles skolisa da germanuli Temis dauRalavi Sromis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT SegiZ-liaT waikiTxoT 2017 wels gamocemul wignSi „kalendula da lurji Rili“. amjerad ki mxo-lod gimnaziis istoriaze (1918-1925) da mis germanel pedagogebze SevaCerebT Tqvens yurad-Rebas.

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germanuli gimnazia

is samxedro xarjebis efreitori, diplomi-rebuli inJineri martin iekeli, romelsac es Tanamdeboba 1925 wlamde, anu gimnaziis daxurvamde ekava da swored mis saxels ukav-Sirdeba saswavleblis winsvlisa da ganviTa-rebis istoria. gimnaziis saqmeebi pirvel wlebSi marTlac kargad midioda, arc di-reqtori iekeli iSurebda Zalisxmevas, arc pastori maieri da arc germanuli Temis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic sityviT, Tan-xiT da saqmiT edgnen gverdSi am saganmanaT-leblo iniciativas. izrdeboda sxvadasxva erovnebis moswavleTa gimnaziaSi moxvedri-sa da swavlis survili da sul male es Tav-dapirvelad germanelebisTvis gaxsnili skola sakmaod internacionaluri gaxda. me-tic, gimnaziaSi mosamzadebeli klasebic ki gaixsna im moswavleTaTvis, vinc germanuli ena saTanadod ar icoda.

rac Seexeba saswavlo personals, is Sed-geboda rogorc adgilobrivi germanuli Temis warmomadgenlebisgan, ise sagangebod germaniidan movlinebuli pedagogebisagan, romlebic germaniis sagareo saqmeTa sami-nistros mxardaWeriT da martin iekelis di-di mondomebiT 1922 wels ukve sabWoTa Tbi-lisSi Camovidnen. maT Soris gamovyofT fridrix baumhauers da erih vinguTs, rom-lebic gimnaziaSi germanuls aswavlidnen. gimnazias, direqtorTan erTad, zedamxedve-lobas luTeruli eklesiis pastori rihard maieri uwevda, romelic Tan laTinurs as-wavlida skolaSi.

gimnazia yalibdeboda germanuli sagar-eo kulturis politikis mniSvnelovan ker-ad amierkavkasiaSi. mag., 1920 wels Tbilisis realuri gimnazia mniSvnelovani axali ini-ciativiT gamovida, rasac saqarTvelos mTavrobamac dauWira mxari: ramdenadac, rogorc kavkasiis germanuli koloniebis skolebSi, ise im qarTul da rusul skoleb-Si, sadac germanuli ena iswavleboda, saswav-lo personalis nakleboba iyo, gadawyda gax-sniliyo pedagogiuri klasi, romelic erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi moamzadebda germanuli enis maswavleblebs. Sesabamisi gamocdis Ca-barebis Semdeg (Tbilisis saxelmwifo uni-versitetSi) kursdamTavrebulebs eqnebo-daT germanuli enis swavlebis ufleba.

56

wm. petre-pavles elementaruli skolac, gimnaziac da germanulenovani sabavSvo ba-Ric amJamindeli marjaniSvilis moedanze, swored germanuli eklesiis e.w. kirhes gar-Semo iyo Tavmoyrili da mTlianobaSi es sivrce germanuli kulturuli da saTemo cxovrebis mTavar keras warmoadgenda.

Tbilisis germanuli gimnaziis administ-racia da ideis gulSematkivrebi 1918 wels da Semdegac, gimnaziis mudmivi winsvlis fonze, albaT Znelad Tu warmoidgendnen, rom sul ramdenime weliwadSi dramatulad Seicvleboda politikuri viTareba da ger-manelebis gansakuTrebul mdgomareobas kavkasiaSi iseTi daRmasvla eqneboda, rom aseTi warmatebuli saganmanaTleblo ini-ciativac ki, rogoric gimnazia iyo, mxolod 1925 wlamde iarsebebda.

marTlac, gimnaziis dasasrulis dasaw-yisi 1921 wels saqarTvelos bolSevikuri okupaciiT daiwyo. Tavdapirvelad axal sab-WoTa xelisuflebas skolisTvis TiTqos ar ecala, magram cvlilebebi saskolo cxovre-baSi ukve 1922 wlidan gaxda SesamCnevi. jer iyo da skola ganaTlebis saxalxo komisari-ats daeqvemdebara, saswavlo programidan religiis gakveTili amoiRes, vinaidan ideo-

ganaTleba

logiurad iyo miuRebeli axali mmarTveli klasisTvis da mis nacvlad polit-ekono-miis istoria Semoitanes. Tavdapirvelad skolaSi miRebis ufleba mxolod klasobri-vi niSniT dauSves da upiratesoba prole-tarTa ojaxebs mianiWes, rac umetesi germa-nuli ojaxis Svilebs skolaSi moxvedris Sanss uspobda. mogvianebiT, gimnaziis di-reqcias saerTod aukrZales moswavleebis axali nakadis miReba, anu saswavlebeli neli sikvdilisTvis gaiwira: „erTi ram cxadi gax-da: germanuli kulturuli muSaoba sabWoTa reJimis pirobebSi mxolod im farglebSi da SemTxvevaSi daiSveboda, Tuki igi klasobri-vi brZolis konteqstSi saerTaSoriso pro-letariatis gaZlierebaze iqneboda mimar-Tuli“, – ixsenebda mogvianebiT fridrih ba-umhaueri.

okupaciis pirvel wlebSi martin iekeli imeds ar kargavda da Cveuli gulmodgine-biT ganagrZobda gimnaziis ganviTarebisaT-vis zrunvas, magaliTad, sxvadasxva klasisa Tu ganayofisTvis germaniidan pedagogebis mozidvas. erT-erTi kandidatis pasuxi ki-dev erTxel naTlad dagvanaxebs, Tu rogor iyo gazrdili politikuri wnexi 1923 wlis-aTvis da Tu ra uaryofiTi gavlena hqonda mimdinare politikur procesebs gimnaziaze da mTlianad kavkasiaSi mcxovreb germanul

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germanuli gimnazia

Temze: „iZulebuli var gacnoboT, rom Cemi ganacxadi ukan unda gaviTxovo da, samwuxa-rod, uari unda vTqva Tbilisis realuri gimnaziis pedagogiuri ganyofilebis xelm-ZRvanelis poziciaze. imitom, rom ar SemiZ-lia uarvyo Cemi politikuri Sexedulebebi da sruliad upartio pozicia davikavo. me, rogorc Tanamedrove moqalaqes, cxadia, maqvs politikuri Sexedulebebi da ver uar-vyof maT da verc neitralur axsna-ganmar-tebebs davwer. Sesabamisad, sabWoTa xelis-uflebisagan ver miviReb qveyanaSi Sesvlis uflebas“.

1923 wels mTlianad germanul gimnaziasa da iq momuSave pedagogebze rom ukve mimdi-nareobda intensiuri TvalTvali, mxolod 1924 wels gaxda cnobili, rodesac sabWoTa xelisuflebam germanul skolaze namdvili ieriSi miitana. marTlac, germanul gimnazi-as realurad 1924-1925 wlebSi Seuties, Tum-ca amisTvis niadagi ukve Semzadebuli iyo. garda imisa, rom sabWoTa xelisuflebisaT-vis zogadad miuRebeli aRmoCnda erovnuli jgufebis saqmianoba, miT umetes, mkveTrad gamoxatuli religiuri miswrafebebiT, 1924 wlis agvistos ajanyebis Semdeg Cans, ufro meti kontroli dawesda yvela mimarTule-biT da TvalTvalic gaZlierda: „komunis-turi partiis germanulma ganyofilebam ie-riSi miitana germanul institutebze. 1924 wlis dasawyisSi gauqmda germanuli erovnu-

pastori rihard maieriTbilisis germanuli gimnaziis direqtori,

doqtori martin iekeli (Sss arqivi; fondi #6; saqme # 24401; tomi 1; gv. 173)

li sabWo, mas gazeTi „Kaukasische Post“ mihy-va. mis nacvlad komunisturi germanuli ga-zeTi gamouSves, magram mas mkiTxveli ar hyavda da male ukvalod gaqra. mxolod 1924 wels gaxda SesaZlebeli baqoSi axali, komu-nisturi suliskveTebis gazeTis gamocema. 1924/25 saskolo wlis dasawyisSi ki mTavari dartyma ganxorcielda“, – werda mogviane-biT pedagogi fridrih baumhaueri.

mTavari dartyma gimnaziis direqtoris martin iekelisa da ori wamyvani pedagogis, 1922 wlidan saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi germa-niis qveSevrdomebis – erih vinguTisa da fridrih baumhaueris dapatimreba iyo 1924 wlis oqtomberSi. dapatimrebisas gaiCxrika samive eWvmitanilis bina Tu samuSao adgili, anu skola, saidanac piradi da saqmiani mimo-wera da sxva dokumentacia amoiRes „samar-Taldamcavebma“. maTi dakavebis da dakiTx-vis procesis Sesaxeb informacia Semonaxu-lia saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saminist-ros arqivSi. saqmeebSi aRniSnulia, rom, ma-galiTad, martin iekeli aq kres fon kresenS-tainis datovebuli kadria, politikuri Se-xedulebiT monarqisti da rom is aris im germanuli dajgufebis wevri, romelic an-tisabWoTa saqmianobas eweva koloniebSi da germanul saswavlebelSi. gamoZiebas aseve saeWvod miaCnda martin iekelis im dRemde SemorCenili kontaqti general kres fon kresenStainTan; amis sabuTad Cxrekisas amo-Rebuli erTi sakmaod uwyinari Sinaarsis we-rili mohyavdaT. gamoZiebas aseve hqonda in-formacia, rom TiTqos amierkavkasiaSi moq-medebda didi germanuli organizacia, rome-lic kontrrevoluciur propagandas war-marTavda da, magaliTad, koloniebs Sovi-nisturi literaturiT amaragebda.

rac Seexeba fridrih baumhauers, gamoZi-ebis informaciiT, is monarqistuli da naci-onalisturi SexedulebebiT gamoirCeoda da moswavleebSi, romelTa Soris bevri qar-Tveli iyo, sakmaod maRali avtoritetiT sargeblobda, rac ideebis gavrcelebisTvis noyier niadags uqmnida. igi samecniero naS-romebisa da kvlevebis TavmoyriT iyo daka-vebuli da maT wignad gamocemas apirebda, romelic, didi albaTobiT, sabWoTa sinamd-vilesa da rig politikur sakiTxebs Seexe-boda. gamoZieba varaudobda, rom baumhaue-ri antisabWoTa ideebs avrcelebda axal-gazrdebSi.

dakavebulebs brali antisabWoTa propa-gandaSi da agentobaSi edebodaT da maTi ganTavisufleba (m. iekelisa – 25 dRis Sem-deg, baumhaueris da vinguTis ki – 14 dReSi) mxolod germaniis konsulis – oto fon ve-zendonkis Carevisa da Zalisxmevis Sedegad gaxda SesaZlebeli, rasac xeli arasakmaris-

gimnaziis germanuli enis pedagogi, fridrih baum-haueri, ucxoenovani (aragermanuli) klasis mos-wavleebTan erTad eqskursiaze, 1924 w. (F. Baumhauer, Werden und Vergehen des Deutschen Realgymnasiums, 164-170)

gadaRebulia Tbilisis germanuli gimnaziis win. marcxnidan meore: kavkasiis mkvlevari, Rvawlmo-sili pedagogi karl fon hani; meoTxe: direqtori martin iekeli. marjvniv, bolos: wamyvani pedagogi baumhaueri, 1923 w., alfred navraTis foto, misive wignidan ̀ medeas samefoSi~.

Tbilisis germanuli gimnaziis saxelze mosuli werilis konverti (Sss arqivi; fondi 6# ; saqme # 24401; tomi 1; gv. 365)

58

ganaTleba

1925 wlis dasawyisSi da Semdgomac Tbilisis realur gimnaziaSi ganviTarebul movlenebze araerTi masala gamoqveynda germanul presaSi da germanuli gimnaziis mimarT aseTi simkacre, zogadad, ideologiur dapirispirebas da, ufro konkretulad, 1924 wlis warumatebel ajanye-bas daukavSires. marTlac, gimnaziisa da misi pedagogebis Seviwroeba mxolod dasawyisi iyo. Sem-deg wlebSi etapobrivad daixura sxva germanuli dawesebulebebic, mag., Tbilisis germanuli hospitali. rac Seexeba 1930-iani wlebis represiebs, cxadia, is germanul Temsac sruli sisasti-kiT Seexo: 1933 wels jer evangelur-luTeruli eklesia daxures, Semdeg misi bolo pastori, wm. petre-pavles skolis xelmZRvaneli da Tbilisis germanuli gimnaziis zedamxedveli rihard ma-ieri daapatimres da, didi albaTobiT, daxvrites. aRsaniSnavia, rom TanamedroveTa mexsierebam germanuli skola swored „maieris skolis~ saxeliT Semoinaxa. 1941 wels, ssrk Tavdacvis sa-xelmwifo komitetis 7N 44 dadgenilebis safuZvelze „saqarTvelos, azerbaijanis da somxeTis sabWoTa respublikebidan germanelTa gasaxlebis Sesaxeb~, germanelebi Sua aziaSi gadaasaxles, xolo kirhe 1946 wels germanel samxedro tyveebs daangrevines.

ma mtkicebulebebmac Seuwyo. ganTavisuflebis Semdeg maT araTu skolaSi dabrunebis, qveyanaSi darCenis uflebac ki ar miecaT da 1925 wels samivem iZulebiT datova saqarTvelo da is sayvare-li saqme, romelsac amdeni weli emsaxurebodnen. germaniaSi dabrunebis Semdeg gimnaziisa da sa-qarTvelos Sesaxeb araerTi statia gamoaqveyna fridrih baumhauerma, romelic zemoT naxseneb da gamoZiebis mier saeWvod miCneul samecniero masalas mxolod da mxolod samecniero mizne-bisTvis agrovebda da gamoiyena kidec Tavis statiebsa da gamocemebSi, romlebic dRes erT-er-Ti saintereso da mTavari wyaroa gimnaziis istoriis rekonstruqciisaTvis.

martin iekelis skolis xelmZRvanelis poziciidan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg skola „komunis-tur mmarTvelobaSi“ gadavida da direqtoris adgili baltiispireTidan Camosaxlebulma ger-manelma, vinme amxanagma nikvicma daikava, romelmac sul ramdenime kviraSi SeZlo moeryia manam-de arsebuli sanimuSo saskolo disciplina da moswavleebTan da personalTan konfliqtSic Se-vida. es konfliqti sabWoTa xelisuflebisaTvis gaxda formaluri sababi, rom gimnazia daexur-aT.

TbilisSi mtkvris marcxena sanapiroze germanuli dasaxlebis perspeqtiuli gegma

aleqsandersdorfi da noitiflisi ruqaze mixeilis gamziri (noitiflisi)

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germanuli gimnazia