tce-virginia tech seminar emerging issues in energy solutions october 30, 2009
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TCE-Virginia Tech Seminar Emerging Issues in Energy Solutions October 30, 2009. Roop L. Mahajan Tucker Chair Professor Director, ICTAS [email protected]. What does it mean?. To summarize In an age of Hyper-Communication In a Global but Crowded Village In a Technology Age - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
TCE-Virginia Tech Seminar
Emerging Issues
in
Energy Solutions
October 30, 2009
Roop L. Mahajan
Tucker Chair Professor Director, ICTAS
2
What does it mean?
To summarize In an age of Hyper-Communication In a Global but Crowded Village In a Technology Age of Unprecedented Power
What are the energy implications of this paper-to-pixel revolution?
The Energy implications of hyper communication
Data centers required to run the internet, to transmit data, safeguard it, mine it..…
Data servers require lot of energy
They are the hidden internet energy hogs
“Virginia-based Dominion Power estimates that by 2012 fully ten percent of all the electricity it sends to Virginia will be gobbled up by these centers”
Kent Garber, posted March 24, 2009
Demographics, prosperity and energy demand
0
2
4
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8
10
1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050
Po
pu
lati
on
(m
illio
ns)
f
OceaniaN. AmericaS. AmericaEuropeAsiaAfrica
Africa
1
2
3
4
5
6
2005
6.5 Billion
Asia
S. America
Oceana
Europe
N. America Africa
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2005
6.5 Billion
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2
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2005
6.5 Billion
Asia
S. America
Oceana
Europe
N. America
1
2
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2050
8.9 Billion
Asia
Africa
S. America
Oceana
Europe
N. America
1
2
3
4
5
6
2050
8.9 Billion
Asia
Africa
S. America
Oceana
Europe
N. America
Source: msd-energy-croatia.ppt
The Energy implications of increasing prosperity?
40% of the world’s
population is
in the fast developing
regions.
Pri
ma
ry e
ner
gy
pe
r ca
pita
(G
J)
GDP per capita (purchasing power parity)
Energy demand and GDP per capita (1980-2002)As GDP increases,
so does the demand for
energy
As GDP increases, so does the demand for
energy
The Net Result ..
an increase in worldwide increase in energy demand almost by 50% by 2030 ( international energy agency)
[www.energiekrise.de & Kyoto Protocol]
Expanding energy demand
Energy Gap 2050: 14 TW 2100: 34 TW 1 TW= 1,000 GW
How do we meet this gap?
Not by building new power plants
Building one 1-GW power plant/day will take 38 years !!
EIA Intl Energy Outlook 2004http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/index.html
2100: 40-50 TW 2050: 25-30 TW2000: 13 TW
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
1970 1990 2010 2030
TW
World Energy Demandtotal
industrial
developing
US
ee/fsu
Hoffert et al Nature 395, 883,1998; msd-energy-croatia.ppt
Who wants this?
Price of inaction
And who is not worried about this ?
J. R. Petit et al, Nature 399, 429, 1999 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2001
http://www.ipcc.chN. Oreskes, Science 306, 1686, 2004
D. A. Stainforth et al, Nature 433, 403, 2005
Climate Change 2001: T he Scientific Basis, Fig 2.22 12001000 1400 1600 1800 2000
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380
Year ADA
tmosp
heri
c C
O2 (
ppm
v)
Tem
pera
ture
(°C)
- 1.5
- 1.0
- 0.5
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
-- CO2
-- Global Mean Temp
300
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700
800
- 8
- 4
0
+ 4
400 300 200 100Thousands of years before
present (Ky BP)
0
T r
ela
tive t
o
pre
sen
t (°
C)
CH4 (ppm
v)
-- CO2
-- CH4
-- T
325
300275
250
225
200
175
CO2 (ppm
v)
CO2 in 2004: 380 ppmv
Tipping points on temperature and CO2 level indicate urgency
There is alternative to meeting the energy needs of a Hot, Flat & Crowded Planet
Energy through renewable sources• Solar• Wind• Geothermal• Biofuels• Environment
The Sun: Our Ultimate Energy Source Energy in Sunlight and Heat
1.2 x 105 TW delivered to Earth36,000 TW on land (world)
Earth’s Ultimate Recoverable
Resource of oil
3 Trillion (=Tera) Barrels
1.7 x 1022 Joules
1.5 days of sunlight
San Francisco Earthquake(1906)
magnitude 7.8
1017 Joules
1 second of sunlight
Annual Human Production of Energy
4.6 x 1020 Joules
1 hour of sunlightSource: msd-energy-croatia.ppt
Renewable energy to play a key role
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35
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0.5%
2003
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10
15
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25
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35
40
45
50 2050
Source: International Energy Agency
There is an alternative .. However, to meet this goal, we need optimization of the whole value added chain of energy
Conversion Transport Storage Consumers’ utilization
We will need innovation & technological breakthrough Nanotechnology to play a key role
No single solution, will vary from nation to nation
nanotechnology and energy . Important role in the development of both conventional and renewable energy sources
Nano-coated, wear-resistant drill probes High-duty nanomaterials for lighter & more rugged rotor blades of wind and tide
power plants Wear and corrosion protection layers for mechanically stressed components Alternate thin layer and organic polymer solar cells Increase in efficiency of c-Si solar cells through antireflection layers Nano-optimized membranes for separation and storage of carbon dioxide Light weight construction materials for automobile industry- lower fuel
consumption Nanoporous thermal insulation Nanostructured electrodes, catalysts and membranes for increased yield from fuel cells …….
In closing.. “The supreme reality of our time is the vulnerability of the
planet.” - John F. Kennedy, June 28, 1963
President’s address before a Joint Session of the Dail and Seanad, Dublin, Ireland.
More true today than ever before Meeting expanding energy needs a major challenge Plenty of energy sources from “heaven” Technological solutions for optimizing the whole chain of energy - development, conversion, transport, consumption NEED CONCERTED EFFORT!
one step at a time..or perhaps lighting one diya at a time !!
TCE-Virginia Tech Seminar October 30, 2009
Emerging Issuesin
Energy Solutions
THANK YOU !!
Roop L. Mahajan
Tucker Chair Professor Director, ICTAS