tcvn 6272_v_e
TRANSCRIPT
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tiu chun vit nam tcvn 6272 : 2003
qui phm thit b nng hng tu bin
Rules for Cargo Hand ling Applianc es of ShipsChng 1 qui nh chung
1.1 Qui nh chung
1.1.1 Phm vi p dng1 Qui phm ny p dng cho cc thit b nng hng c lp t trn tu do ng kim Vit Nam (sau y gi
l ng kim) phn cp v ng k ph hp vi qui nh Phn 1A Qui nh chung v hot ng gimst ca TCVN 6259 : 2003 "Qui phm phn cp v ng tu bin v thp".
2 Nu khng c qui nh no khc, cc yu cu c lin quan ca TCVN 6259 : 2003 s c p dng cho vtliu, trang thit b, vic lp t v cht lng ch to thit b nng hng.
3 Nu khng c ch dn no khc trong Qui phm ny th cc thit b nng hng c ch to hoc lp t trntu bin trc khi Qui phm ny c hiu lc vn c php p dng cc tiu chun trc y ch to v lpt chng.
1.1.2 Thay th tng ng
1 Cc thit b nng hng khng tun theo cc yu cu ca Qui phm ny c th c chp nhn, vi iu kinng kim thy rng chng c kh nng tng ng vi cc yu cu ca Qui phm ny.
2 Mi thit b nng hng hin c c thit k v ch to khng theo cc yu cu ca Qui phm ny, u c thc ng kim cng nhn, vi iu kin chng phi tun theo cc Qui phm v Tiu chun c ng kimcng nhn v phi tha mn kt qu th v kim tra do ng kim yu cu.
1.1.3 Cc lu khi s dng
1 Ngoi vic tha mn Qui phm ny, khi s dng cc thit b nng hng cn phi tha mn cc yu cu caQuc gia m tu treo c hoc Quc gia c cng m tu gh vo.
2 ng kim c th kim tra v cp cc giy chng nhn cn thit cho cc thit b nng hng theo Qui phmc ch nh, khi c s y quyn ca chnh ph Quc gia hoc T chc c lin quan.
1.2 Cc nh ngha
1.2.1 Thut ng
Cc thut ng s dng trong Qui phm ny c nh ngha t mc (1) n (17) di y, tr khi c nhngnh ngha khc.
(1) Thit b nng hng l h cn trc dy ging, cn trc tr quay, my nng hng, cu xe v nhng my mcs dng trong vic xp d hng ha v nhng vt khc k c h thng truyn ng, chi tit c nh v cc
chi tit tho c ca chng.(2) C cu lm hng l h cn trc dy ging, cn trc tr quay, my nng hng v nhng my mc s dngtrong vic xp d hng ha v nhng vt khc k c h thng truyn ng v nhng chi tit c nh cachng nhng khng k cu xe.
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(3) Thnh phn kt cu l nhng b phn chu ti trng lm vic an ton ca thit b nng hng k c chi titc nh v pu li c nh trn c cu lm hng v cu xe.
(4) Chi tit c nh l nhng gi c ngng, gi nh ct, ph tng lp trn nh cn, cc vu ui cn, tai btcp ging cn, cc cht ging, v.v... c lp c nh vo cc thnh phn kt cu hoc kt cu thn tu lm hng.
(5) Cc chi tit tho c l puli, dy cp, khuyn treo, mc treo hng, ma n, mt xoay, kp cp, gu xc,nam chm nng hng c th tho lp c, v.v..., dng truyn ti trng ca hng ln cc thnh phnkt cu.
(6) Ti trng lm vic an ton l trng lng cho php ln nht ca hng ha do Qui phm qui nh m c culm hng v cu xe c th lm vic an ton, vit tt l S.W.L v c tnh bng Kil-Niutn (kN) hoc
tn (t).(7) Gc cho php nh nht l gc to bi thn cn vi ng nm ngang m ti v tr , h cn cu dy
ging c php lm vic vi ti trng lm vic an ton, c tnh bng ().(8) Bn knh quay ln nht l bn knh m ti cn cu tr quay c php lm vic vi ti trng lm vic
an ton, tnh bng mt(m).(9) Ti trng lm vic an ton, v.v...
(a) i vi h cn cu dy ging : l ti trng lm vic an ton, gc cho php nh nht v nhng iukin hn ch khc ;
(b)i vi cn cu tr quay Jib : l ti trng lm vic an ton, bn knh quay ln nht v cc iu kinhn ch khc ;
(c) i vi nhng my mc khc s dng xp d hng : l ti trng lm vic an ton v cc iu kinhn ch khc do ng kim qui nh ;
(d)i vi cu xe : l ti trng lm vic an ton v cc iu kin h n ch do ng kim qui nh.(e) i vi cu xe : l ti trng lm vic an ton v cc iu kin h n ch do ng kim qui nh.
(10) Ti trng lm vic an ton ca chi tit tho c l trng lng cho php ln nht ca hng ha do Quiphm qui nh m cc chi tit tho c c th s dng an ton, vit tt l S.W.L tnh bng Kil-Niutn(kN) hoc tn (t). i vi puli nng hng, ti trng lm vic an ton c nh ngha theo (a) hoc (b)
di y :(a) i vi puli rnh n : Ti trng lm vic an ton l trng lng ln nht ca hng ha m puli c
th ko ln an ton khi treo puli v trng lng vo dy qun quanh rnh ca n.(b) i vi puli nhiu rnh : Ti trng lm vic an ton l trng lng ln nht ca hng ha c th tc
dng ln thit b treo puli.(sau y gi l h thng cn lm vic ghp i).
(c) Dy cp nng hng c th c h hoc ko ln v cn c th nng hoc quay c lp hoc ngthi trong khi hng vn c treo (sau y gi l h cn cu dy ging kiu quay).
(11) H thng cn trc dy ging l h thng dng nng hng bng cch treo hng u cn; cc cn nyc ni vi h thng tr, ct cu, bao gm cc trng hp nu (a), (b) v (c) di y :(a) Phn cui ca dy cp nng cn c c nh, hai dy cp tt cn lin kt ti u cn c cun
bng cc ti c lp ring tt cn theo phng ngang (sau y gi l h thng cn cu dy gingtt ngang).
(b) Hai thn cn mn phi v mn tri c c nh thnh mt cp ti v tr nh. Dy cp nnghng ca hai cn c ni vi nhau xp hoc d hng (sau y gi l h thng cn lm vic ghpi).
(c) Dy cp nng hng c th c h hoc ko ln v cn c th nng hoc quay c lp hoc ngthi trong khi hng vn c treo (sau y gi l h cn cu dy ging kiu quay).
(12) Cn trc bao gm cn trc tr quay, cng trc, cu trc v my nng, gi nng hng, v.v... c kh nngthc hin vic xp d hng, di chuyn thng ng hay nm ngang ng thi hoc c lp.
(13) My nng hng: Thit b khi xp d c gi hng trong kt cu ca n.(14) Cu xe: Thit b c lin kt vi v tu hoc b tr trong tu, c thit b c kh ng, m hoc quay, cho
php cc loi xe c gii c cha hng ha ln xung tu .(15) TCVN l t vit tt cc Tiu chun ca Vit Nam.(16) Ti trng nng l tng ca ti trng lm vic an ton ln nht bao gm : Trng lng ln nht ca hng
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c treo v trng lng ca cc thit b nh mc treo, cm puli nng hng, gu xc, thng cha, dmtreo hng, li treo hng, v.v... Tr nhng trng hp cn thit khc do ng kim qui nh, khngcn tnh n trng lng ca dy cp nng hng, tr khi tnh ton i vi chiu cao nng t 50 mt trln.
(17) Gia tc trng trng (g) ly bng 9,81 m/s2.
1.3 B tr chung, kt cu, vt liu v hn
1.3.1 B tr chung
1 Vic b tr v kch thc ca c cu lm hng v cu xe khng c nh hng n n tn hiu, n hnhtrnh v cc chc nng khc ca tu.
2 Nu mt s b phn ca c cu lm hng c s dng vo mc ch khc, chng h n nh thng gi hoc cch thng hay thit b quan trng c thit k cho mc ch khc, k c thit b khc cng dng lp trnchng, th phi ch trnh khng cho chng c nh hng xu n nhau v chc nng cng nh bn.
3 Mi thit b ca c cu lm hng v cu xe khi lm vic nh ra khi mn tu nn c kh nng co vo, gp lihoc tho di c xp gn vo trong mn tu khi khng s dng.
4 C cu lm hng v cu xe phi c thit b c nh cc chi tit chuyn ng khi khng s dng.
1.3.2 Kt cu chung
1 Ngoi nhng qui nh ca Qui phm ny, cc c cu lm hng v cu xe lm vic trong iu kin nghingchi khc thng khi thi tit v iu kin bin khc nghit, phi tun theo cc yu cu b sung cho tng iukin lm vic theo yu cu ca ng kim.
2 Thp cn ch to thn tu qui nh 3.1 Phn 7A ca TCVN 6259 : 2003 "Qui phm phn cp v ng tubin v thp" s c dng cho cc thnh phn kt cu theo yu cu ca cc Chng 3, 4 v 8. Cc loi thp
c bn cao nu c s dng trong cc thnh phn kt cu th phi tun theo cc yu cu c bit do ngkim qui nh. Kt cu v kch thc ca cc thnh phn kt cu c cha hoc lm bng cc vt liu khngphi l nhng loi thp nu trn th phi c ng kim xem xt ring.
3 Cc thnh phn kt cu phi c thit k sao cho chng khng b gin on v thay i tit din t ngt nmc c th. Cc mi lin kt hn khng c b tr nhng ni c kh nng tp trung ng sut.
4 Gc ca cc l khot trn thnh phn kt cu phi ln trn.
5 Cc l khot lm mt tnh ng hng v kch thc ca cc thnh phn kt cu phi c b tr sao cho cccnh di hoc trc di ca n c th coi l song song vi hng ca ng sut chnh.
6 Khi lin kt hai kt cu c cng khc nhau ng k th phi c bin php gia cng thch hp bng cc m,
v.v... m bo tnh lin tc v cng ca kt cu. Phi c bit ch n lin kt vi kt cu thn tu.
7 Puli lm hng ca cc thnh phn kt cu phi ph hp vi cc yu cu nu 6.2.
1.3.3 Tnh ton trc tip bn
Kch thc ca cc thnh phn kt cu phi c xc nh bng phng php tnh ton trc tip bn cng kim chp nhn, s dng ti trng tnh ton v ng sut cho php nu cc Chng lin quan, tr nhngkt cu c tnh ton bng cng thc nu Chng 3.
1.3.4 Vt liu
1 Thp cn ch to thn tu dng ch to thnh phn kt cu ph thuc vo dy ca ca chng, phi tuntheo Bng1.1,tr nhng trng hp c ng kim xem xt ring.
2 i vi c cu lm hng v cu xe thng xuyn s dng x lnh hoc trong hm hng ng lnh v cc
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trng hp khc m ng kim thy cn thit, ng kim c th yu cu s dng thp c dai va p caohn so vi yu cu nu -1.
3 Thp c v thp rn s dng trong cc thnh phn kt cu phi tha mn cc yu cu nu 5.1 v 6.1, Phn7A ca TCVN 6259 : 2003 "Qui phm phn cp v ng tu bin v thp" hoc cc tiu chun tng ng.
4 Vt liu ch to bu lng v ai c lin kt cc thnh phn kt cu phi tha mn cc yu cu ca ngkim.
5 Dy cp s dng trong cc thnh phn kt cu phi l loi qui nh trong Phn 7B ca TCVN 6259 : 2003"Qui phm phn cp v ng tu bin v thp" hoc cc Tiu chun tng ng khc.
6 Vt liu s dng trong cc phn chnh ca cc thit b trong h truyn ng phi tha mn cc yu cu caPhn 7A ca TCVN 6259 : 2003 "Qui phm phn cp v ng tu bin v thp" hoc cc Tiu chun tngng khc c ng kim tha nhn.
1.3.5 Hn
1 Vic hn cc thnh phn kt cu phi ph hp vi cc yu cu trong Phn 6 ca TCVN 6259 : 2003 "Qui phm
phn cp v ng tu bin v thp" v cc yu cu b sung do ng kim qui nh khi cn thit, ty theo dngkt cu.
2 Vic b tr cc mi hn ca cc thnh phn kt cu phi c xem xt k trnh gy tr ng i trong khi hn.
1.3.6 Chng n mn
1 Cc thnh phn kt cu phi c chng n mn bng sn c cht lng tt hoc bng cc bin php thch hpkhc.
2 Phi c bin php tha ng tiu nc ma hoc sng lng ng cho mi kt cu.
Bng 1.1 dy v loi thp
Chiu dy t(mm) t20 20< t25 25< t40 40
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Ch n g 2 k i m t r a
2.1 Qui nh chung
2.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Cc yu cu trong Chng ny p dng cho vic th v kim tra thit b nng hng.
2 Ti nhng v tr m nhng thnh phn kt cu ca thit b nng hng c c nh thng xuyn vo thn tuhoc khi chng to thnh b phn lin tc ca thn tu th vic th v kim tra phi tun theo cc yu cutrong Chng ny, ngoi ra cn phi tun theo cc yu cu c lin quan ca TCVN 6259 : 2003 "Qui ph mphn cp v ng tu bin v thp".
3 Khi kim tra nh k, ngoi nhng qui nh nu 2.2 n 2.7 ca Chng ny, ng kim vin c th cnhng yu cu b sung nu thy cn thit.
4 Khi tng kim tra chu k 4 nm v hng nm, sau khi xem xt k n mc ch, kt cu, tui th, l lch, ktqu ca ln kim tra trc v trng thi k thut thc t ca thit b nng hng, ng kim vin c th gim
bt phm vi v ni dung th v kim tra nu 2.2 n 2.7 ca Chng ny.
2.1.2 Chun b, th v kim tra, hon th v kim tra
1 Tt c cc cng vic chun b cho vic th v kim tra nu trong Qui phm ny cng nh cc yu cu cang kim vin a ra ph hp vi cc qui nh ca Chng ny u phi do Ch tu hoc i din Ch tuthc hin. Vic chun b bao gm c li i thun tin v an ton, phng tin v h s cn thit cho vic kimtra. Cc thit b tin hnh kim tra, o c v th nghim m ng kim vin cn tin hnh cng vicphi c chn la v kim chun ring bit theo tiu chun ca ng kim. Tuy nhin ng kim vin c thchp nhn nhng dng c o c n gin nh thc, dy o, ng h hn, trc vi k m khng cn s lachn ring l hay xc nhn v kim chun vi iu kin l nhng thit b thng dng chnh xc v c i
chiu nh k vi cc thit b hay dng c th nghim tng t. ng kim vin cng c th chp nhn nhngthit b t trn mn tu hay nhng thit b s dng kim tra trn tu(v d nh ng h o p sut, nhit, vng quay my) da trn h s kim chun hay nhng bin bn so snh vi nhng thit b khc.
2 Ch tu hoc i din ch tu c chuyn mn v cc hng mc th, kim tra v c kh nng gim st vicchun b th, kim tra nu -1 phi c mt khi th, kim tra v phi gip c lc cho ng kim vin thchin nhim v. Vic thc hin nhng qui nh ny l bt buc i vi Ch tu hay i din ca h khi kim traln u trong ng mi hoc khi kim tra m khng c mt s quan ca tu hay cc k s ph trch.
3 ng kim vin c th t chi vic thc hin kim tra nu nh cc cng vic chun b cn thit nu ti -1 chac thc hin, khi nhng ngi c trch nhim nu ti -2 khng c mt lc kim tra hoc khi ng kim vinthy rng khng m bo an ton cho vic kim tra.
4 Qua kt qu kim tra, nu ng kim vin thy cn thit phi sa cha th ch tu hoc xng ng tu phitin hnh sa cha theo yu cu ca ng kim vin.
2.1.3 Xut trnh Giy chng nhn
Khi tin hnh th v kim tra, tt c cc Giy chng nhn do ng kim cp cho thit b nng hng phi cxut trnh cho ng kim vin khi c yu cu.
2.1.4 Bin bn kim tra
Sau khi hon thnh vic th v kim tra, ng kim vin s xc nhn vo S ng k thit b nng hng ca
tu.
2.1.5 Thng bo kt qu kim tra
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1 ng kim vin phi lp bin bn kim tra v thng bo kt qu kim tra cho Ch tu.
2 Khi nhn c yu cu sa cha ca ng kim vin, Ch tu phi thc hin cc cng vic sa cha cn thittheo hng dn ca ng kim vin v ng kim vin phi kim tra li kt qu sa cha .
3 Bin bn kim tra nu -1 phi c gi trong mt cp ti liu ring v c bo qun trn tu trnh cho
ng kim vin vo ln kim tra sau.
2.1.6 Kim tra li
Trong trng hp c bt k mt kin ngh no v vic kim tra c thc hin theo Qui phm ny, Ch tu cth gi vn bn n ng kim ngh kim tra li.
2.2 Kim tra cc thit b nng hng
2.2.1 Cc dng kim tra
Cc dng kim tra thit b nng hng c nu di y:
(1) Kim tra ng k (sau y gi l kim tra ln u)(a) Kim tra ln u trong ch to (trc khi a vo s dng);(b) Kim tra ln u cc thit b nng hng khng c s gim st ch to.
(2) Kim tra chu k(a) Kim tra hng nm
Kim tra h cn trc dy ging c qui nh 2.4.(b) Tng kim tra hng nm
Tng kim tra hng nm cc thit b nng hng tr h cn trc dy ging c qui nh 2.5.(c) Tng kim tra 4 nm
Tng kim tra 4 nm i vi h cn trc dy ging c qui nh 2.6.(d) Th ti
Th ti i vi cc thit b nng hng c qui nh mc 2.7.(3) Kim tra bt thng
2.2.2 Thi hn kim tra chu k
Kim tra cc thit b nng hng phi c thc hin ph hp vi cc yu cu qui nh t (1) n (8) di y :
(1) Kim tra ln u c tin hnh khi ti trng lm vic an ton c qui nh cho ln u tin.(2) Kim tra hng nm c tin hnh trong khong thi gian khng qu 12 thng k t ngy hon thnh kim
tra ln u hoc ngy hon thnh tng kim tra chu k 4 nm ln trc hoc ngy hon thnh kim trahng nm ln trc.
(3) Tng kim tra hng nm c tin hnh trong khong thi gian khng qu 12 thng k t ngy hon thnhkim tra ln u hoc ngy hon thnh tng kim tra hng nm ln trc.
(4) Tng kim tra chu k 4 nm c tin hnh trong khong thi gian khng qu 4 nm k t ngy kim traln u hoc ngy kt thc kim tra chu k 4 nm ln trc.
(5) Th ti c thc hin vo t kim tra ln u v trong khong thi gian khng qu 4 nm tnh t ngyhon thnh kim tra ln u hoc ngy hon thnh ln th ti trc.
(6) Kim tra bt thng c thc hin khi thit b nng hng phm phi bt k iu kin no sau y ti ccngy khng trng vi thi im kim tra chu k.(a) Khi b tai nn nghim trng lm h hng cc thnh phn kt cu v khi sa cha hoc thay th.(b) Khi c thay i ln qui trnh nng hng, h cp ging, phng php khai thc v iu khin.(c) Khi qui nh v nh du li ti trng lm vic an ton v.v...(d) Cc trng hp khc khi ng kim thy cn thit.
(7) Kim tra chu k c th c hon nu c ng kim chp nhn. Thi hn hon kim tra khng cvt qu 12 thngtnh t ngy c qui nh (4) v (5) trong trng hp tng kim tra 4 nm hoc thti v 3 thngtnh t ngy qui nh (2) v (3) trong tng hp kim tra hng nm hoc tng kim tra
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hng nm.(8) Khng ph thuc vo cc yu cu (2) n (5), theo yu cu ca Ch tu, c th thc hin kim tra chu k
trc thi hn.
2.3 Kim tra ln u
2.3.1 H s thit k trnh duyt1 Trong t kim tra ln u, phi xc nh rng bn v kt cu ca thit b nng hng da trn cc bn v v
ti liu k thut trnh ng kim l ph hp vi Qui phm. Trong trng hp ny, Ch tu phi trnh ccbn v v ti liu nu -2, -3 v -4 sau y.
2 Cc bn v v ti liu k thut nu t (1) n (11) di y phi trnh duyt khi ch t o mi thit b nng hng :
(1) B tr chung ca c cu lm hng v cu xe;(2) Bn v kt cu ca c cu lm hng v cu xe (kch thc cc thnh phn kt cu, vt liu v chi tit lp
ghp);(3) Bn v cc chi tit gn c nh (kch thc, vt liu v phng php lp rp cc chi tit ny vi thnh
phn kt cu khc hoc vi thn tu);
(4) Bn v b tr chi tit tho c (k c h thng cp ging);(5) Danh mc chi tit tho c (nu r kt cu, kch thc vt liu v v tr. i vi nhng chi tit c
ng k theo iu lut hoc tiu chun hin hnh th k hiu phn loi ca chng c th c in vo vtr ghi kch thc v vt liu);
(6) Bn v kt cu h thng truyn ng;(7) S h thng cp nng lng;(8) Bn v h thng hot ng v iu khin c kh;(9) Bn v cc thit b an ton;(10)Bn v cc thit b bo v;(11)Cc bn v v ti liu k thut khc nu ng kim xt thy cn thit.
3 Cc bn v v ti liu k thut ca thit b nng hng khi ch to mi nu t mc (1) n (7) di y thamkho:
(1) c im k thut ca c cu lm hng v cu xe;(2) Cc bn tnh hoc bn tnh kim tra lin quan n cc bn v v ti liu k thut trnh duyt nu -2;(3) Hng dn s dng c cu lm hng v cu xe;(4) Qui trnh kim tra khng ph hy;(5) Qui trnh th ti;(6) Ti liu k thut v v tr v thng tin chi tit khc ca vt liu c cha a mi ng nu s dng.(7) Cc bn v v ti liu k thut khc nu ng kim yu cu.
4 Trong t kim tra ln u thit b nng hng c ch to khng qua gim st ca ng kim, phi xut trnh
cc bn v v ti liu k thut nh nu ti -2 v -3. Tuy nhin, ng kim c th min tng phn cc bn vv ti liu nu trn sau khi xem xt h s kim tra v cc Giy chng nhn cp trc y.
2.3.2 Kim tra khi ch to
1 Cht lng ca thit b nng hng phi c kim tra v m bo trng thi tt trong cc qu trnh t (1) n(5) di y:
(1) Khi ch to v lp t cc thnh phn kt cu do ng kim ch nh ti xng;(2) Khi lp t cc thnh phn kt cu ln tu;(3) Khi lp rp h thng truyn ng, kt thc gia cng cc b phn quan trng v khi th ti xng, cc thi
im thch hp trong qu trnh sn xut nu ng kim vin xt thy cn thit;
(4) Khi vt liu, cc b phn hoc thit b c ch to ti cc nh my khc;(5) Mi trng hp khc nu ng kim xt thy cn thit.(6) Th hot ng thit b an ton v thit b bo v bao gm th phanh v th ngt h thng cung cp nng
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lng khi c trng lng th bng ti trng lm vic an ton (sau y, c qui nh tng t cho cc yucu ti 2.5.1(2)(d), 2.5.2(2)(d) v 2.6-1(4) ;
2 Thit b nng hng phi c kim tra v m bo trng thi tt thng qua vic th v kim tra sau:
(1) Vic th theo qui nh trong Phn 7A ca TCVN 6259 : 2003 "Qui phm phn cp v ng tu bin vthp" khi s dng vt liu theo Qui phm ;(2) Vic th qui nh trong Phn 6 ca TCVN 6259 : 2003 "Qui phm phn cp v ng tu bin v thp" khi
th lin kt hn theo Phn 6 ca Qui phm ;(3) Kim tra khng ph hy khi ng kim vin yu cu;(4) Th h thng truyn ng ti xng;(5) Th hot ng thit b nng hng;(6) Th hot ng thit b an ton v thit b bo v bao gm th phanh v th ngt h thng cung cp nng
lng khi c trng lng th bng ti trng lm vic an ton (sau y, c qui nh tng t cho cc yucu ti 2.5.1(2)(d), 2.5.2(2)(d) v 2.6-1(4) ;
(7) Cc cng vic th, kim tra khc nu ng kim xt thy cn thit.
2.4 Kim tra hng nm h cn trc dy ging
Trong t kim tra hng nm h thng cn trc dy ging, cc trng thi chung ca h thng cng nh nhnghng mc qui nh trong 2.6-1(5) v (6) phi c kim tra bng mt v phi m bo trng thi tt. Khing kim thy cn thit, cc hng mc nu t2.6-1(1) n (4) phi c kim tra.
2.5 Tng kim tra hng nm
2.5.1 Cn trc
1 Trong t tng kim tra hng nm cn trc, cc hng mc nu (1) di y phi c kim tra bng mt v
phi m bo trng thi tt. Khi ng kim vin yu cu th phi kim tra cc ni dung qui nh trong mc(2)
(1) Ni dung kim tra chung:(a) Cc thnh phn kt cu;(b) i vi cc cn trc c nh kiu tr quay: lin kt gia cc thnh phn kt cu v kt cu thn tu;(c) i vi cn trc chy trn ray: cc ng ray, m gim chn v lin kt gia cc c cu ca chng v
kt cu thn tu.(d) H thng truyn ng;(e) Thit b an ton v thit b bo v;(f) Du qui nh ti trng lm vic an ton cho php, v.v... v hiu lc ca cc giy chng nhn lin quan ;
(g) Vic lu gi cc hng dn s dng trn tu.(2) Cc hng mc kim tra nu ng kim yu cu:(a) Kim tra chiu dy thnh phn kt cu, tho kim tra cc v kim tra khng ph hy cc thnh
phn kt cu;(b) Kim tra bn trong ct, chn cn, cng ca cn;(c) Tho kim tra h thng truyn ng;(d) Th hot ng thit b an ton v thit b bo v.
2.5.2 Cu xe
1 Trong t tng kim tra hng nm cu xe, cc ni dung nu (1) ca cu xe phi c kim tra bng mt vphi m bo trng thi tt. Khi ng kim vin yu cu th phi kim tra c ni dung nu (2)
(1) Ni dung kim tra chung :(a) Cc thnh phn kt cu;(b) Lin kt gia cc thnh phn kt cu v kt cu thn tu;
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(c) Lin kt gia kt cu hm v kt cu thn tu;(d) i vi cu xe yu cu khi ng phi m bo kn nc hoc kn thi tit th phi kim tra h thng
ny;(e) H thng truyn ng;(f) Thit b an ton v thit b bo v;
(g) Du qui nh ti trng lm vic an ton v hiu lc ca cc Giy chng nhn lin quan;(h) Vic lu gi cc hng dn s dng trn tu.
(2) Ni dung ng kim vin c th yu cu:(a) o chiu dy cc tm, tho kim tra c nh ct, kim tra khng ph hy, v.v...;(b) i vi cu xe khi ng li m bo tnh kn nc v kn thi tit th phi th phun nc hoc th kn
kh;(c) Tho kim tra h thng truyn ng;(d) Th hot ng thit b an ton v thit b bo v.
2.5.3 My nng hng, v.v...
1 Trong t tng kim tra hng nm my nng hng cc ni dung nu (1) phi kim tra bng mt v m bo trng thi tt. Nu ng kim vin yu cu phi kim tra cc ni dung nu (2).
(1) Ni dung kim tra chung:(a) Cc thnh phn kt cu;(b) Lin kt gia cc thnh phn kt cu v v tu;(c) Lin kt gia thit b nng/h ca my nng v v tu;(d) H thng truyn ng;(e) Thit b an ton v thit b bo v;(f) Du qui nh ti trng lm vic an ton v hiu lc ca cc Giy chng nhn lin quan;(g) Vic lu gi cc hng dn s dng trn tu.
(2) Ni dung ng kim vin c th yu cu:
(a) o chiu dy cc tm, tho kim tra c nh ct, kim tra khng ph hy, v.v...;(b) Tho kim tra h thng truyn ng;(c) Th hot ng thit b an ton v thit b bo v.
2 Trong t tng kim trahng nmccthit b nng hng khc s dng xp d hng v cc vt dng khc,phi kim tra bng mt v m bo chng trng thi tt. Nu ng kim vin thy cn thit th phi kim trachi tit hn.
2.5.4 Cc chi tit tho c
1 Khi tng kim tra hng nm cc chi tit tho c, phi kim tra bng mt v m bo rng cc h ng mc nut (1) n (3) di y trng thi tt. Nu ng kim vin xt thy cn thit th cc hng mc nu (2) phic tho ra kim tra:
(1) Chiu di ton b dy cp;(2) Puli lm hng, xch, khuyn treo, mc trc, ma n, mt xoay, dm ngang nng hng, kp cp, gu ngm
hng kiu vt, nam chm nng hng, khung cu cng te n, v.v...;(3) Du qui nh ti trng lm vic an ton, cc du hiu phn bit khc v hiu lc ca cc Giy chng nhn
lin quan.
2 Trng hp sa cha hoc thay th cc b chi tit tho c khng trng vi thi gian kim tra chu k thng kim c th chp nhn kt qu kim tra thng thng ca thuyn trng hoc nhng ngi c thmquyn khc. Trong trng hp ny ngi tin hnh kim tra trn phi lp bin bn theo cc mc t (1) n (6)di y i vi cc chi tit thay th v phi trnh h s kim tra v cc Giy chng nhn lin quan ca chitit tho c cho ng kim vin xc nhn vo t kim tra chu k hoc bt thng sau .
(1) Tn ca chi tit v k hiu nhn dng;
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(2) V tr lp t;(3) Ti trng lm vic an ton ca chi tit tho c;(4) Ti trng th ca chi tit tho c;(5) Ngy sa cha, thay mi v ngy bt u s dng;(6) L do thay mi hoc sa cha.
2.6 Tng kim tra 4 nm1 Cc hng mc sau y phi c kim tra v trng thi tt trong cc ln tng kim tra h thng cn cu
dy ging :(1) Cc thnh phn kt cu : kim tra chiu dy tm thp, tho kim tra trc nh ct, trc ui cn v chc
ui cn ;(2) Lin kt gia cc thnh phn kt cu v v tu ;(3) H thng truyn ng : Tho v kim tra ;(4) Thit b an ton v thit b bo v : Th hot ng ;(5) Vic nh du qui nh ti trng lm vic an ton cho php, v.v..., v hiu lc ca cc Giy chng nhn
lin quan.(6) Vic lu gi cc hng dn s dng trn tu.2 Nu c ng kim chp nhn, Ch tu c th ngh thc hin cc hng mc phi tho kim tra nh
qui nh -1(1) v (3) trn theo dng kim tra lin tc. Trong trng hp ny, mi hng mc phi cm v kim tra trong khong thi gian gia hai t tng kim tra chu k 4 nm k tip. Nu pht hinkhuyt tt trong cc ln kim tra ny, phi khc phc ngay v m kim tra cc hng mc v b phn khcty theo yu cu ca ng kim vin.
2.7 Th ti
1 Trong mi ln th ti, thit b nng hng phi c kim tra bng cch treo ti trng c th thm hoc bt khilng hoc ti trng c khi lng ti thiu bng ti trng th nu -2 v cch th nu -3 hoc -4 ty theoloi thit b nng hng v phi m bo trng thi tt. Tuy nhin, i vi cc chi tit tho c th vic xcnhn ni dung Giy chng nhn th v kim tra chi tit tho c c th thay th cho vic th ti.
2 Ti trng dng th ti phi ph hp vi cc yu cu t mc (1) n (3) di y, ty theo loi thit b nnghng :
(1) Ti trng th dng cho c cu lm hng v cu xe phi theo ch dn nu Bng2.3 ty theo ti trng lmvic an ton.
(2) Ti trng th cho cc chi tit tho c, tr dy cp, phi tun theo ch dn nu Bng2.4 ty theo titrng lm vic an ton.
(3) Ti trng th cho dy cp phi tha mn cng thc sau :
TW.fTrong :
T : Ti trng th cho dy cp (t)
W : Ti trng lm vic an ton ca dy cp (t)f : H s an ton cho trong 6.3.1(5) hoc 6.3.2(3)
3 i vi thit b nng hng c ti trng lm vic an ton Wc thit k ln u, phng php th ti phi phhp vi cc yu cu t (1) n (5) sau y :
(1) H cn trc dy ging(a) i vi h cn trc dy ging tt ngang, ti trng th phi c di chuyn quay trong phm vi lm
hng gc cho php nh nht v phi nng, h ti mt s v tr trong phm vi lm hng.(b) i vi h cn trc dy ging kiu quay, ngoi qui nh (a), thn cn cn phi c treo trng lng
th v tr cn vi ra ngoi mn tu v cn v tr ng dc tm tu.(c) i vi h cn trc dy ging lm vic ghp i, ti trng th phi c di chuyn trong phm vi lm
hng vi chiu cao nng hng cho php hoc gc ln nht gia hai dy cp nng hng qui nh trong9.2.3.
(2) Cn trc
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(a) i vi cn trc tr quay, ti trng th phi c quay trong ph m vi lm hng bn knh quay lnnht v phi c nng/h ti mt s v tr trong phm vi lm hng.
(b) i vi cn trc chy trn ray, thit b treo ti trng th phi di chuyn theo phng ngang trong phmvi lm hng v phi nng/h ti trng th ti mt s v tr trong phm vi lm hng.
(c) i vi c cu nng hng chy trn ray, c cu nng hng c treo ti trng th phi di chuyn trong
phm vi lm hng gia hai u cu v ti trng th phi c nng/h ti mt s v tr.(3) My nng hng
i vi my nng hng chy trn ray th ti trng th phi c t ti cc v tr c iu kin lm vicnng n nht, c tnh n ti trng ph. My nng phi di chuyn gia cc im dng v phi nng, h trong ton b hnh trnh di chuyn.
(4) Cu xei vi cu xe th ti trng th phi c t ti nhng v tr lm vic nng n nht trong nhng iu kinchu ti khi thit k v phi o vng ca n. Nu iu kin cho php th phi b tr mt t c khilng tng ng vi ti trng lm vic chy trn cu xe.
(5) i vi cc chi tit tho c, ti trng th phi c t theo phng php do ng kim qui nh.
4 i vi thit b nng hng khc vi mc -3 trn,th phng php th ti phi ph hp vi qui nh (1) hoc
(2) di y :
(1) Phi s dng ti trng th nu -3(1), (2), (3) hoc (4).(2) C th p dng cc thit b to lc bng thy lc hoc lc k c nh v an ton v ph hp vi phng
php do ng kim qui nh, lm ti trng th.
Bng 2.3 Ti trng th cho thit b nng hng v cu xe
Ti trng lm vic an ton SWL (t) Ti trng th (t)SWL < 20 1,25 SWL
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3.1 Qui nh chung
3.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Cc yu cu trong Chng ny p dng cho cc thnh phn kt cu ca h cn trc dy ging.
3.2 Ti trng thit k
3.2.1 Nhng lu v ti trng
Ti trng dng tnh ton kch thc cc thnh phn kt cu c qui nh t mc (1) n (6) di y:
(1) Ti trng lm vic an ton ca h cn trc dy ging;(2) Trng lng bn thn ca thn cn v cc chi tit c nh vi n;(3) Trng lng bn thn ca cc chi tit tho c;
(4) Ma st ca cc puli nng hng;(5) Cc ti trng pht sinh do nghing tu;(6) Cc ti trng khc nu ng kim xt thy cn thit.
3.2.2 Ma st ca cc puli nng hng
Khi tnh ton ti trng ti mt u ca dy cp, cc h s ti trng ma st sau y s c tnh n ph thucvo dng :
trt : 0,05 bi : 0,02
3.2.3 Ti trng do nghing tuGc nghing dng tnh ton ti trng pht sinh do nghing tu phi l nhng gc m tu c kh nng bnghing trong iu kin khai thc nhng khng c nh hn 2o khi tu chi dc v 5o khi tu nghingngang. Nu gc nghing thc t ca tu c ng kim xem xt v chp nhn th c th dng cc gcnghing ny tnh ton.
3.2.4 T hp ti trng
1 Ti trng dng phn tch bn ca cc thnh phn kt cu phi l ti trng tng hp ca cc ti trng mcc thnh phn kt cu phi chu trong iu kin nng n nht c tnh n cc ti trng nu 3.2.1.
2 H thng cn trc dy ging lm vic ghp i phi c phn thnh mt h cn trc dy ging tt ngang v
mt h cn trc dy ging lm vic ghp i tng ng s dng ti trng tng hp theo yu cu trong mc -1.
3.3 bn v kt cu ca ct, tr cu v thanh ging
3.3.1 Phn tch bn
1 bn ca ct, tr cu (di y gi l ct) v thanh ging phi c phn tch theo ti trng tng hp nu 3.2.4 xc nh kch thc kt cu ca chng cho ph hp vi cc yu cu nu 3.3.2 v 3.3.3.
2 M un n hi ca dy cp dng xc nh kch thc ca ct v thanh ging theo iu kin bn tng ng
l 30,4 kN/mm2 v 45,1 kN/mm2.
3.3.2 ng sut cho php i vi ti trng tng hp
1 ng sut tng hp xc nh theo cng thc sau, da trn c s ng sut nn do m men un, ng sut nn do
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lc nn dc trc v ng sut tip do xon kt cu, khng c ln hn ng sut cho php a nu Bng3.1.
( ) b c+ +2 3 2 (N/mm2)
Trong :
b: ng sut nn do m men un gy ra (N/mm2)
c: ng sut nn do lc nn dc trc (N/mm2)
: ng sut ct do xon kt cu (N/mm2).
2 Lc cng ca dy cp ging khng c vt qu gi tr tnh bng tr s lc ko t nu Bng 7B/4.3ca TCVN 6259 : 2003 "Qui phm phn cp v ng tu bin v thp" chia cho h s an ton nu 6.3.1(5).
Bng 3.1 ng sut cho php a
Ti trng lm vic an ton W(t) ng sut cho php aW< 10
10 W< 1515 W< 5050 W< 6060 W
0,050y(0,016W+ 0,34)y
0,58y(0,005W+ 0,33)y
0,63yCh thch :
y : Gii hn chy hoc gii hn chy qui c ca vt liu (N/mm2)
3.3.3 Chiu dy ti thiu ca thp ct
Chiu dy ti thiu ca thp ct khng c nh hn 6 mm.
3.3.4 Kt cu ca ct
1 Kt cu pha di ca ct phi lin kt chc vi kt cu v tu bng mt trong cc phng php (1), (2) hoc(3) sau y, hoc bng cc phng php khc c ng kim chp nhn:
(1) Phi c bi hai hoc nhiu boong;(2) Phi c bi cc lu trn boong c bn ;(3) Phi c bng vch ngn c chiu cao di boong tu.
2 onct ngay pha di chn cn n ngay pha trn m bt chn cn nn c kch thc tng ng vikch thc ca ct ti .
Bng 3.2 ng sut cho php a
Ti trng lm vic an ton W(t) ng sut cho php aW< 10
10 W< 1515 W
0,34y(0,018W+ 0,16)y
0,43y
Ch thch:
y : Gii hn chy hoc gii hn chy qui c ca vt liu (N/mm2).
3 Ct cu phi c gia cng cc b bng cch tng chiu dy tn, bng cc tm p, cc kt cu gia c ph,v.v... ti v tr lin kt ca thn ct cu vi dm chnh, ti v tr lp t m bt chn cn, m bt puli nng cnv ti nhng v tr c th c kh nng tp trung ng sut.
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t c v n 6272 : 2003, Chng34 Ti cc u ca dm ngang trn phi tng chiu cao v chiu dy ca tm thp mt cch hp l. Nu bt buc
phi c l khot u dm ngang trn th phi gia cng thch ng xung quanh l khot .
3.4 bn v kt cu thn cn
3.4.1 Qui nh chung bn ca thn cn trc phi c phn tch theo iu kin ti trng nu 3.2.4 v kch thc ca n phic xc nh theo cc yu cu t3.4.2 n 3.4.5.
3.4.2 bn tnh theo ti trng tng hp
ng sut tng hp tnh theo cng thc sau y da trn c s ng sut nn do xon ca kt cu khng cvt qu ng sut cho php anu Bng3.2.
( ) b c+ +2 23 (N/mm2)
Trong :
b : ng sut nn do m men un gy ra (N/mm2)
c : ng sut nn do lc nn dc trc (N/mm2)
: ng sut ct do xon kt cu (N/mm2).
3.4.3 bn n nh
i vi cc kt cu chu nn, gi tr tnh theo cng thc sau khng c vt qu ng sut cho php a nu Bng3.2.
1,15c (N/mm2)
Trong :c : ng sut nn do lc nn dc trc (N/mm
2)
: H s tnh theo cng thc trong Bng3.3 tng ng vi mnh v kiu ca kt cu lin quan.
Bng 3.3 Cng thc tnh
Quan h gia v o Dng kt cu Cng thc tnh
o Tt c kt cu 2,9(
2
0
)
< o Kt cu tm
1 0 45
1 0 5
0
02
+
, ( / )
, ( / )
Kt cu tr 0 87 0 46 0 12
1 0 50 0
2
02
, , ( / ) , ( /
, ( / )
+ +
)
Ch thch :(1) l mnh ca kt cu chu nn, c tnh bng cng thc sau :
= lA
Ie
Trong :
A : Din tch tit din ca kt cu (m2
)I : M men qun tnh ca tit din kt cu (m4)le : Chiu di hiu dng ca kt cu c tnh bng tch chiu di thc t ca kt cu v h s Kcho trong
Bng sau ty theo tng iu kin lin kt ca u mt (m).
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(2) 0 : Tr s tnh theo cng thc sau :
0
22=
E
y
Trong : : H sE : M un n hi ca vt liu (N/mm2)y : Gii hn chy ca vt liu (N/mm
2)
Gi tr K
Mt uu kia
Hn ch gc xoayHn ch chuyn v
Hn ch gc xoayT do chuyn v
T do xoayHn ch chuyn v
T do xoayT do chuyn v
Hn ch gc xoayHn ch chuyn v
0,5 1,0 0,7 2,0
Hn ch gc xoayT do chuyn v
1,0 - 2,0 -
T do xoay
Hn ch chuyn v
0,7 2,0 1,0 -
T do xoayT do chuyn v
2,0 - - -
3.4.4 ng sut nn tng hp
ng sut nn tng hp gy ra do m men un v lc dc trc phi tha mn cng thc sau:
c
ca
b
a
+ 10,
Trong :
a : ng sut un cho php nu Bng3.2 (N/mm2)
ca : ng sut nn cho php ly bng gi tr thng s ca achia cho 1,15 (N/mm2)
b : ng sut nn do m men un gy ra (N/mm2)
c : ng sut nn do lc nn dc trc gy ra (N/mm2).
3.4.5 Chiu dy ti thiu ca thn cn
Chiu dy ti thiu ca thp thn cn khng c nh hn 2 % ng knh ngoi t i v tr gia chiu di hiudng ca cn hoc 6 mm, ly gi tr no ln hn.
3.4.6 Gia cng thn cn
1 Ti v tr u cn c gn cc chi tit c nh, kt cu thp phi c p hoc gia cng bng cc bin phpthch hp khc.
2 Ti v tr c lin kt ca chi tit c nh trong h tt cn, phi gia cng bng tm p hoc cc bin php thchhp khc.
3.4.7 Thit b chng ri cn
Cc cn phi c bng m bt ui cn v phi m bo khng c ri ra khi hoc b ca n.
3.5 Phng php tnh ton n gin cho ct v dy ging ca h cn trc dy ging tt ngang
3.5.1 Phm vi p dng
Ngoi cc qui nh t3.3.1 n 3.3.3, kch thc ca ct v dy ging ca h cn trc dy ging tt ngang c
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3.5.2 ng knh ct
ng knh ngoi ca ct khng c nh hn gi tr 5h (cm). Trong h l khong cch thng ng t ct n m bt puli nh ct (m). i vi ct c mt ct ngang l hnh van hoc elp th ng knh ngn can c coi l ng knh ngoi cn i vi ct c mt ct ngang hnh ch nht th ng knh ngoi ca ctl cnh ngn ca n.
3.5.3 M un chng un tit din ct
1 M un chng un tit din ct khng c cp ging khng c nh hn gi tr nu t (1) n (3) di y,ty thuc vo s b tr ca thn cn trc dy ging.
(1) Khi thn cn c b tr trc hoc sau ct th m un chng un tit din c tnh theo cng thc sau:
C C W1 2
(cm3)
Trong :
W : Ti trng lm vic an ton (t). : Bn knh lm vic ti gc nh nht cho php (m).C1v C2 : H s chn theo Bng3.4. i vi cc gi tr trung gian ca W th h sC1 v C2
c tnh theo phng php ni suy tuyn tnh.(2) Khi hai cn trc dy ging c lp ti hai v tr trc v sau ct th m un chng un tit din theo trc
song song vi hng trc dc tu c tnh theo (1) hoc tnh theo cng thc sau, ly gi tr no ln hn:
C2Wu (cm3)
Trong :C2W= Tng ca C2Wi vi cc cn trc dy ging t trc v sau ct tng ng, C2 v c
tnh theo (1).u: Khong cch t tm ct n mn tu cng thm tm vi ngoi mn (m).
Bng 3.4 Gi tr C1 v C2
W(t) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C1 1,35 1,25 1,20 1,17 1,15 1,14 1,13 1,12 1,10
C2 125 120 117 115 114 113 112 111 110
(3) Ti v tr thn cn c bng mt kt cu c lp khc vi ct cu, m un chng un tit din khngc nh hn gi tr tnh theo cng thc (1) v (2), nhn vi gi tr tnh theo cng thc h/(h-h). Trong
trng hp ny, h sC1 qui nh mc (1) phi ly gi tr bng 1.Trong :
h : Khong cch thng ng t ct n tm cht ngang m bt chn cn (m)h : Theo nh ngha trong mc 3.5.2.
2 M un chng un tit din ct c ging c th c tnh nh -1 trn v gim i gi tr tnh theo cngthc sau:
10
3h
dR
m
(cm3)
Trong :
h : Nh mc 3.5.2dm : ng knh ngoi ca ct theo hng m gi tr Rl nh nht, trong phm vi lm hng,theo cng thc -1(1) hoc theo hng trc song song vi phng ngang ca tu tnh theo cng
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thc nu -1(2) (cm).R: Tng gi tr tnh theo cng thc sau i vi mi dy cp ging
d a
l l
s
s
2 2
0
2 2
Trong :ds : ng knh ca dy cp ging (mm)ls : Chiu di gia u trn v u di ca cp ging (m)l0 : Chiu di bng lstr i gi tr tnh theo cng thc sau:
0,045ds+ 0,26 (m)
a : Chiu di hnh chiu bng ca dy cp o theo cng hng o vi dm(m).
3 Khi thn cn c bng mt ct chnh v dm c tit din u th m un chng un tit din ca chn ctkhng c nh hn gi tr tnh theo (1), (2) v (3) di y:
(1) M un chng un tit din theo trc song song vi phng ngang ca tu c tnh theo cng thc -1(1)nhn vi h sCpdi y:
Cp= 0,7 nu r 0,6Cp = 1- 0,5r nu r< 0,6
Trong :r : T l gia chiu rng mt ct ngang ca dm vi ng knh chn ct theo hng dc trc tu.
(2) M un chng un tit din theo trc song song vi hng dc tu c tnh theo cng thc -1(1) hoc(2), ly gi tr ln hn nhn vi h s sau:
0,35 i vi r 0,30,5 - 1,67r i vi r < 0,3
Trong :r: T l gia chiu cao mt ct ngang ca dm vi ng knh chn ct theo phng ngang ca tu.
(3) Nu khong cch gia cc ct mn tri v mn phi ln hn 2/3 chiu cao ct th h s nu (1) v (2)phi c tng ln thch ng.
4 M un chng un tit din ca ct chnh c ging khng c nh hn gi tr tnh theo (1) v (2) diy:
(1) M un chng un tit din theo trc song song vi phng ngang ca tu phi tnh theo cng thc sau:
C C C W h
dRp
m
( 1 2
3
10 ) (cm3)
Trong :Cp : Nh qui nh -3(1)C1, C2 , Wv nh qui nh -1(1).
103h
dR
m
: Gi tr tnh theo -2 vi iu kin ch tnh n cp ging mt mn.
(2) M un chng un tit din theo trc song song vi hng dc tu tnh theo -3(2) trn.
5 M un chng un tit din ca ct ngn mn tu thn cn trc khng c nh hn gi tr tnh theo (1)hoc (2) di y :
(1) Khi thn cn c t trc hoc sau ct mn, m un chng un tit din phi c tnh theo cng thcsau:
85h
h h
W'
'
(cm3)
Trong :
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(2) Nu thn cn ca h cn trc dy ging c t trc v sau ct mn th m un chng un tit din cact mn theo hng song song vi phng dc tu phi ln hn gi tr tnh theo cng thc (1) hoc ly
bng gi tr tnh theo (1) nhng thay gi tr Wbng tch ca tng cc gi tr Wca cn trc v sau vigi tr ucho trong -1(2) vi iu kin uc o t tm ca ct mn.
3.5.4 Cc kch thc khc ca ct ngoi v tr chn ct
1 Kch thc ct ngay di ct n pha trn m chn cn nn tng ng vi kch thc chn ct.
2 ng knh v chiu dy ca ct pha trn v tr qui nh trong -1 c th c gim dn theo (1) v (2) diy:
(1) Ti v tr c lin kt dm cha hoc m puli nng cn, ng knh ngoi c th bng 85% ng knhchn ct.
(2) Chiu dy tm thp ti bt k v tr no ca ct cng khng c nh hn gi tr tnh theo cng thc sau:
0,1dm+ 2,5 (mm)
Trong :dm: ng knh ngoi nh nht ca ct ti mi v tr ca ct (cm).
3.5.5 Dm cha
Dm cha phi c kt cu hp l v bn.
3.5.6 Dm ngang
1 M un chng un tit din ca dm ngang c tit din u lin kt vi ct chnh khng c nh hn gi trtnh theo t (1) v (3) di y:
(1) M un chng un tit din theo trc thng ng phi bng gi tr tnh theo 3.5.3-1(1) nhn vi h s tnhtheo cng thc 0,1 + 0,235r /c. Khi h s ny ln hn 0,2 th c th ly gi tr bng 0,2.Trong :
r : Ly theo 3.5.3-3(1)
c: T s ca m un chng un tit din thc ca ct (cm3) theo hng song song vi phngngang tu chia cho gi tr tnh theo 3.5.3-1(1)
(2) Ngoi cc yu cu ca (1), m un chng un tit din ca dm ngang theo hng trc thng ng c thc gim n mt na gi tr tnh theo (1) khi cn trc dy ging ch c t pha trc ct.
(3) M un chng un tit din theo hng trc nm ngang c tnh theo cng thc 3.5.3-1(2) nhn vi h stnh theo cng thc 0,25r/c. Khi h s ny ln hn 0,2 th c th ly gi tr bng 0,2.Trong :
r : Nh qui nh 3.5.3-3(2)c : T s ca m un chng un tit din thc ca chn ct theo hng song song vi hng dc
tu chia cho gi tr tnh theo cng thc 3.5.3-1(2).
2 Dm ngang phi c gia cng thch ng trnh bin dng do un.
3.5.7 Cp ging
Lc cng ca cp ging phi nh hn gi tr tnh theo cng thc sau:
18 d al l
s
s
2
0
(kN)
Trong :
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a, ds, lov ls: Nh qui nh 3.5.3-2. Trong aphi c o cng hng nh khi tnh ton gi tr : Gi tr tnh theo cng thc sau:
Ch
h h
W
I
hh R
s
+'
,
27 32
Trong :I : M men qun tnh tit din ca ct (cm4) theo hng trc song song vi phng ngang
tu. i vi ct chnh, gi tr ca Ichia cho h sCpnu 3.5.3-3(1) s thay cho gi tr I.h : Nh qui nh 3.5.2h, Wv : Nh qui nh 3.5.3-1(1) v (3)
R : Nh qui nh 3.5.3-2, trong , ac o mi hng trong phm vi lm hng ca cnkhi tnh R.
Cs : Gi tr tnh theo Bng3.5. i vi cc gi tr trung gian ca Wth h sCsc tnh theophng php ni suy tuyn tnh.
Bng 3.5 Gi trCs
W(t) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15
Cs 2,64 2,52 2,46 2,41 2,38 2,35 2,33 2,31 2,29 2,22
3.6 Phng php tnh ton n gin cho thn cn trc dy ging
3.6.1 Qui nh chung
Ngoi cc yu cu t mc 3.4.1 dn 3.4.5, kch ca thn cn trc dy ging cn c th c xc nh theo ccyu cu nu 3.6 ny.
3.6.2 Thn cn trc dy ging khng c cp ging cn
1 Kch thc ca thn cn trc dy ging khng c cp ging cn c tnh theo (1), (2) v (3) di y:
(1) M men qun tnh ca thn cn ti v tr gia cn khng c nh hn gi tr tnh theo cng thc:
CBPl2 (cm4)
Trong :CB : Gi tr tnh theo Bng3.6.l : Chiu di hiu dng ca cn (m) (xem Hnh3.2).P : Lc nn dc trc ca cn c xc nh theo (a) hoc (b) sau y ph thuc vo dng ca h
thng cn trc dy ging. Khi trng lng bn thn ca cn v cc chi tit lp c nh vi n
c xc nh chnh xc th c th coi Pl gi tr xc nh theo biu lc.(a) H thng cn trc dy ging tt ngang:
P= ('
)1l
h hf Wg
+ (kN)
Trong :Wv h : Nh qui nh 3.5.3-1(1) v (3)h : Nh qui nh 3.5.21 : Gi tr tnh theo Bng3.7. i vi cc gi tr trung gian ca W, 1 c tnh bng phng
php ni suy tuyn tnh.f : H s ly theo Bng3.8 ph thuc vo s lng puli nng hng ca dy cp nng hng. Khi
cp nng hng c dn n nh ct cu qua puli u cn th fc th ly bng 0.(b) H cn trc dy ging khc vi h cn trc dy ging tt ngang:
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')1
l
h hf Wg
+ +
+
Kn
n b llWg1 1 2
22 2
(kN)
Trong :1, l, h, h, fv W: Nh qui nh (a).2 : Nh qui nh 5.2.2.b : Khong cch nm ngang t m bt chn cn n ct gi cp quay cn (m).n1 : S cp quay cn.n2 : S cp nng cn.K : Gi tr nu Bng3.9 ph thuc vo kiu thit b quay cn.
(2) i vi thn cn trc dy ging m hai u c dng hnh cn, th phn c tit din khng i gia cn,theo tiu chun, phi bng 1/3 chiu di hiu dng v ng knh ti hai u cn khng c nh hn 60% ng knh gia cn.
Bng 3.6 Gi tr Cb
Ti trng lm vic an ton W(t) CbW 10
10 < W< 1515 W 5050 < W
0,280,40 - 0,012W
0,22Do ng kim qui nh
Bng 3.7 Gi tr 1
W(t) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10
1 1,28 1,23 1,20 1,18 1,16 1,15 1,14 1,13 1,13 Do ng kim qui nh
Bng 3.8 Gi tr f
n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
f 1,102 0,570 0,392 0,304 0,251 0,216 0,192 0,172
Ch thch :n: S rnh cp ca puli nng hng
Bng 3.9 Gi tr K
H thng tt cn K
Kiu A 0
Kiu B 1,2Kiu C 2,0
Ch thch:(1) Kiu A l h thit b c hai palng bn phi v tri nh tr cu sao cho chng cng c th nng cn(2) Kiu Bl h thit b c tm m tam gic lin kt u dy nng cn v hai u dy cp quay cn mn phi v tri
sao cho lc cng ca dy cp nng cn c th tip thu c chng ca cp quay cn
(3)Kiu C l h thit b c puli tip ni lin kt vi mt hoc nhiu dy cp quay cn ca c hai mn (hoc mtmn) vi cp nng cn chy dc theo ct cu sao cho chng ca dy cp quay cn c tip thu bi dy cpnng cn
(3) Chiu dy thp tm dng lm thn cn khng c nh hn gi tr cho sau y hoc 2 % ng knh ngoiti v tr gia chiu di thn cn, ly gi tr ln hn.
6 (mm) nu P< 75,5 (kN)
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5 + 0,0133P(mm) nu P 75,5 (kN)
2 Hnh dng v kch thc ca thn cn trong h thng cn trc dy ging tt ngang c th ph hp vi JIS F2201 hoc bt k tiu chun no khc ca ng kim.
3.6.3 Cn trc dy ging c cp ging
Kch thc ca thn cn trong h cn trc dy ging c cp ging khng c nh hn gi tr tnh theo (1) v(2) di y:
(1) M men qun tnh tit din ti mt v tr bt k c khong cch x (m) tnh t tm ca tai bt chn cnkhng c nh hn gi tr tnh theo cng thc di y. Ti v tr c tm p c chiu dy tha ng, phicng thm 70% cc tr s tng ng ca tm p vo D(x) v A(x) trong cng thc sau:
3
0
122 10cos
)10)(
(2
)()5,0(136,31)(
+
=
N
Wg
lxA
P
xlxD
l
xPlCxI B
Trong :I (x) : M men qun tnh yu cu ca tit din thn cn ti v tr ang xt (cm4).CB : Nh qui nh 6.2.2.P : Lc nn dc trc cn, nh qui nh 3.6.2-1(1) (kN).l : Chiu di hiu dng ca thn cn (m).N : S rnh cp ca cm puli nng hng (tr cm puli nh hng).W : Ti trng lm vic an ton c qui nh ti 3.5.3-1(1) (t). : Gc nghing cho php nh nht ca cn.l1 : Khong cch gia hai tai bt cp ging (m) (xem Hnh3.2).D(x) : ng knh ngoi ca cn ti v tr ang xt tr i chiu dy thn cn (cm).A(x) : Din tch tit din ca thn cn ti v tr ang xt (cm2).
0 : Gi tr cho trong Bng 3.10 (N/mm2).(2) Chiu di ca on c tit din khng i, ng knh ti u cn v chiu dy thn cn c qui nh ti
3.6.2(2) v (3).
Bng 3.10 Gi tr 0
Ti trng lm vic an ton 0W 10 80,4
10 < W< 15 4,04W+ 40,0
15 W 50 100,6
50 < W Do ng kim qui nh
x
l
L1
Hnh 3.2 Thn cn trc c cp ging
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Ch n g 4 C n t r c
4.1 Qui nh chung
4.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Cc qui nh trong Chng ny p dng cho cc thnh phn kt cu ca cn trc.
4.2 Ti trng thit k
4.2.1 Cc ti trng
Ti trng dng tnh ton kch thc cc thnh phn kt cu cn trc c nu t (1) n (11) di y:
(1) Ti trng lm vic an ton ca cn trc;(2) Ti trng ng b sung;(3) Trng lng bn thn ca h cn trc v cc chi tit gn c nh trn n;
(4) Trng lng bn thn ca cc chi tit tho c;(5) Ma st ca cc puli nng hng;(6) Cc lc ngang ;(7) Ti trng do gi gy ra;(8) Lc gim chn;(9) Ti trng do nghing tu;(10) Ti trng do chuyn ng ca tu;(11) Cc ti trng khc do ng kim qui nh.
4.2.2 Ti trng ng b sung
1 Ti trng ng b sung phi tnh bng tch ca ti trng nng hng v h s ti trng ng nu ti Bng4.1
ty thuc vo loi cn cu. Nu ng sut khi nng hng v ng sut do trng lng bn thn pht sinh trongmt kt cu c gi tr khc nhau th 50% trng lng ng b sung phi c thm vo trng lng bn thnc xt n s va chm khi nh hng.
2 Mc d c qui nh -1, c th s dng h s ti trng ng b sung cn c vo s liu o c thc t ctnh n tc nng hng, vng ca cn, chiu di cp, v.v..., thay cho cc gi tr ca Bng 4.1.
4.2.3 Ma st ca cc puli nng hng
Ma st ca cc puli nng hng c qui nh trong 3.2.2.
4.2.4 Lc ngang
1 i vi cn trc nng hng chy trn ray, ngoi lc qun tnh v lc li tm cn phi tnh n lc ngang dochuyn ng khi lm hng.
2 Lc qun tnh c tnh bng tch ca tng trng lng cc phn di chuyn v ti trng nng (trong chuynng quay, ti trng ny c t u cn) nhn vi h s sau, ty thuc vo iu kin chuyn ng. Trongtrng hp chuyn ng bng cc bnh xe, lc qun tnh khng cn vt qu 15% ti trng dn ng.
Chuyn ng kiu ng lng : 0,01 V
Chuyn ng ngang hoc tnh tin : 0,008 V
Chuyn ng quay : 0,006 V Trong :
V: Tc chuyn ng lin quan c xc nh khi thit k (m/ph t).
3 Mc d c qui nh -2 cc gi tr gia tc phanh thc t, thi gian phanh thc t, v.v... i vi dng chuynng lin quan c th c coi l lc qun tnh, nu bit c cc gi tr .
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4 i vi h thng c cc thnh phn kt cu to chuyn ng quay khi ang chu ti trng lm vic an ton thcn phi tnh n lc li tm theo cng thc sau:
WvR
2
(kN)
Trong :
W : Ti trng lm vic an ton (t)R : Bn knh quay (m)v : Tc quay (m/giy)
Bng 4.1 H s ti trng ng b sung
Kiu cn cu H s ti trng ng b sung
Cn trc lng thc, d trCn trc trong bung myCn trc bo dng v cu ng mm
0,10
Cn trc quay v cng trc nng hng 0,25
Cn trc quay v cng trc nng hng c guhot ng bng thy lc khng thng xuyntrn cp
0,40
Cn trc quay v cng trc lun s dng gungom, nam chm nng hng, v.v..., lmhng v cn trc quay cu gin khoan
0,60
5 Lc ngang do chuyn ng tnh tin c tnh theo cng thc sau:
D (kN)Trong :
D : Ti trng ti bnh xe(kN) : H s lc ngang ph thuc vo tr s ca l/av c tnh theo cng thc sau, nhng khng cn ln
hn 0,15
0,05 nul /a21
601( )
l
a+ nul /a> 2
l : Nhp ca ng ray (m)a: Khong cch hiu dng ca bnh xe tnh theo Hnh4.1 (m).
(a) Bn bnh xe tr n mt ray
a
(b) Tm bnh xe trn mt ray
a
(c) Ln h n tm bnh xe tr n mt r ay
a
Hnh 4.1 o khong cch hiu dng ca bnh xe
4.2.5 Ti trng do gi gy ra
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1 Ti trng do gi gy ra c tnh theo cng thc sau:
F= PA 10 3 (kN)Trong :
F : Ti trng do gi (kN)A : Tng din tch hnh chiu ca cc thnh phn kt cu v hng ha chu p lc gi ln mt phng vung
gc vi hng gi, tng ng vi cc iu kin c th ca c cu lm hng (m2). Khi mt dm cmt dm khc chn gi ton b hoc tng phn th din tch ca phn b chn phi c nhn vih s suy gim () tnh theo Hnh4.2. Khong cch b gia cc dm cho trong Hnh 4.3.
P: p lc gi (Pa) c tnh theo cng thc sau:1
162C C gV h s (Pa)
Trong :V: Tc gi tnh theo (1) v (2) di y (m/giy):
(1) Tc gi tc ng ln cc thnh phn kt cu v hng ha iu kin lm vic phi ltc gi tnh ton gi nh do ngi thit k a ra, nhng khng c nh hn 16
m/giy.(2) Tc gi tc ng ln cc thnh phn kt cu trng thi khng lm hng phi l tc gi tnh ton gi nh. Tc gi tnh ton trong mi trng hp khng c nh hn 51,5m/giy.i vi tu khai thc vng bin hn ch, tc gi tnh ton c th gim ty theo mc hn ch vng hot ng do ng kim qui nh v c th xung ti 25,8 m/giy.
Ch : H s chiu cao xc nh theo Bng4.2 ty thuc vo chiu cao ca v tr ang xt so ving nc khng ti.
Cs : H s hnh dng xc nh theo Bng4.3 ph thuc vo hnh dng cc phn khc nhau cac cu lm hng v hng ha.
b/h = 6
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
b h = 5
b/h =4
b/h =3
b/h =2
b/h =1b/h = 0 5
b
b
00,2 0,4 1,00,6 0,8
Hnh 4.2 T l in y
H s suy gim Hnh 4.3 Khong cch gia haiu dm k nhau, b2 Mc d c qui nh -1 trn, c th s dng cc s liu v ti trng gi thu c bng cch th kh ng hc
i vi cc thnh phn kt cu v hng ha tnh ton.
4.2.6 Lc gim chn
1 Lc gim chn l lc do cc ti trng tc dng ln h cn cu do va chm vi thit b gim chn tc bng70 % tc lm vic khi khng c hng treo trn cn. i vi h cn cu dn hng cng, v.v... hn ch s
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xoay ca hng treo do va chm th cn phi tnh n nh hng do trng lng ca hng treo.
2 Mc d c qui nh -1 trn, i vi h cn cu c trang b h thng t ng gim tc trc khi vachm vo gim chn th tc sau khi gim i c th c coi l tc lm vic nu -1 trn.
4.2.7 Ti trng do nghing tu
Gc dng tnh ton ti trng do nging tu gy ra khng c nh hn gi tr sau:
Trong iu kin lm vic : 5 nghing ngang v 2 chi dc xy ra ng thi.Trong iu kin khng lm vic : 30 nghing ngang.
Bng 4.2 H s chiu cao Ch
Chiu cao thng ng h(m) Chh< 15,3
15,3 h< 30,5
30,5
h< 46,046,0 h< 61,061,0 h< 76,076,0 h
1,001,101,201,301,37
ng kim qui nh ring
Bng 4.3 H s hnh dng Cs
Dng din tch chu ti trng gi Cs
Dm gin gc< 0,1
0,1
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thi lm hng. Nu s liu v chuyn ng ca tu c ng kim cng nhn l tha ng th c th dngcc s liu ny tnh ton.
(1) 1,0gtheo hng vung gc vi boong v 0,5gtheo hng dc trc song song vi boong;(2) 1,0gtheo hng vung gc boong v 0,5gtheo hng ngang song song vi boong.
4.2.9 T hp ti trng
1 Ti trng dng tnh sc bn cc thnh phn kt cu phi l ti trng tng hp m cc kt cu phi chu trng thi lm vic nng n nht, c tnh n cc ti trng nu t-2 n -5 di y.
2 Nu khng tnh n ti trng do gi trng thi lm vic th tng cc ti trng trong cc mc t (1) n (9)i y c nhn vi h s lm vic nu Bng4.4 ty theo dng cn cu.
(1) Ti trng lm vic an ton ca cn cu;(2) Cc ti trng ng b sung;(3) Trng lng bn thn ca h cn cu v chi tit c nh trn n;(4) Trng lng bn thn ca cc chi tit tho c;
(5) Ma st ca cc puli nng hng;(6) Cc lc ngang;(7) Ti trng do tu nghing;(8) Ti trng do tu chuyn ng (tr cc tu ch lm hng cng);(9) Cc ti trng khc nu ng kim xt thy cn thit.
Bng 4.4 H s lm vic
Kiu cn cu H s lm vic
Cn trc lng thc, d trCn trc trong bung myCn trc bo dng v cu ng mm
1,00
Cn trc quay v cng trc nng hng 1,05
Cn trc quay v cng trc nng hng c gu hotng bng thy lc khng thng xuyn trn cp 1,10Cn trc quay v cng trc lun s dng gu ngom,nam chm nng hng, v.v..., lm hng v cn cuquay cu gin khoan
1,20
3 Khi tnh n ti trng do gi iu kin lm vic th ti trng do gi phi c b sung vo ti trng thit knu -2 trn.
4 Phi tnh lc gim chn nu 4.2.6 cho cn cu chy trn ray.
5 trng thi khng lm vic phi tnh n cc ti trng nu cc mc t (1) n (5) di y:
(1) Trng lng bn thn ca h cn cu v chi tit c nh gn trn n;(2) Ti trng gi trng thi khng lm hng;(3) Ti trng do nghing tu trng thi khng lm hng;(4) Ti trng do iu kin tu di chuyn khi khng lm hng;(5) Cc ti trng khc nu ng kim xt thy cn thit.
4.3 bn v kt cu
4.3.1 Qui nh chung
1 bn ca cc thnh phn kt cu phi c phn tch theo cc iu kin ti trng nu 4.2.9 xc nh
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kch thc ca n theo yu cu t4.3.2 n 4.3.9.
2 i vi cc kt cu c lin kt bu lng v ai c th phi ch tha ng n s gim din tch tit din chulc.
3 Nu cn, ng kim c th yu cu kim tra mu ch to hoc cc thnh phn lin quan xc nh kt qu
tnh ton bn.
4.3.2 ng sut cho php i vi ti trng tng hp
ng sut cho php cho trong Bng4.5 c dng cho cc kt cu chu ti trng tng hp.
4.3.3 bn n nh
i vi kt cu chu nn, gi tr tnh theo cng thc sau khng c vt qu ng sut nn cho php nu Bng4.5.
c (N/mm2)
Trong : vcnh nu 3.4.3.
4.3.4 ng sut nn tng hp
Nu ng sut nn ca mt kt cu l tng ca ng sut nn do lc dc trc v ng sut nn do m men un thn phi tha mn cng thc sau :
c
ca
b
a
+ 10,
Trong :b : ng sut nn do m men un gy ra(N/mm2).c : ng sut nn do lc nn dc trc gy ra (N/mm2).a : ng sut un cho php nu Bng4.5(N/mm2). i vi cc ct c c nh ti ct th s dng
ng sut cho php trong Bng3.1.ca : ng sut nn cho php nu Bng4.5(N/mm2). i vi cc ct c c nh ti ct th ng
sut cho php ly bng ng sut cho php nu Bng3.1 chia cho 1,15(N/mm2).
Bng 4.5 ng sut cho php a
iu kin Dng ng sutti trng Ko Un Ct Nn Dp ng sut tng hp
iu kin qui
nh trong 4.2.9-20,67y 0,67y 0,39y 0,58y 0,94y 0,77y
iu kin qui nhtrong 4.2.9-3
0,77y 0,77y 0,45y 0,67y 1,09y 0,89y
iu kin qui nhtrong 4.2.9-4 v -5
0,87y 0,87y 0,50y 0,76y 1,23y 1,00y
Ch thch :
1. y l gii hn chy hoc gii hn gin di qui c ca vt liu (N/mm2)
2. ng sut tng hp l gi tr tnh theo cng thc sau :
x y x y x 2 2 23+ + y (N/mm
2)
Trong :x : ng sut php tc dng theo phng xti gia chiu dy tm thp (N/mm2)y : ng sut php tc dng theo phng yti gia chiu dy tm thp(N/mm2)
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xy : ng sut ct tc dng theo mt phng x-y(N/mm2).
4.3.5 bn mi
Nu nh hng ca ng sut chu k l ng k th kt cu phi c bn mi c tnh n bin v tnsut ca ng sut chu k, hnh dng ca kt cu, v.v...
4.3.6 Chiu dy ti thiu
Chiu dy ti thiu ca cc thnh phn kt cu khng c nh hn 6 mm.
4.3.7 bn ca bu lng, ai c v cht
Cc bu lng, ai c v cht phi bn so vi ln v hng ca ti trng tc dng.
4.3.8 Ct gn c nh
1 Ct gn c nh phi c lin kt chc chn vo kt cu v tu theo yu cu 3.3.4-1.
2 Phn trn ct c nh, ni gn mt bch, phi c gia cng thch ng bng vic tng chiu dy tn hoc btr cc m.
Bng 4.6 ng sut cho php ca bu lng lp ghp a
iu kin ti trng aiu kin ti trng nu 4.2.9-2 v -3 0,4yiu kin ti trng nu 4.2.9-5 0,54y
Ch thch :y l gii hn chy ca vt liu (N/mm2).
4.3.9 Bu lng lin kt vng quay
1 Nhng vt liu c gii hn bn ln hn 1,18 kN/mm2v gii hn chy ln hn 1,06 kN/mm2th khng cdng lm bu lng lin kt cc vng quay tr khi cc c tnh bn ca bu lng c xem xt c bit.
2 Phi c bit ch n lc sit cht bu lng lin kt.
3 ng sut sinh ra trong bu lng lin kt khng c vt qu ng sut cho php nu Bng4.6 ty theo iukin ti trng nu 4.2.9. Trong , ng sut ca bu lng bng thng ca lc nn dc trc tnh theo cngthc sau chia cho tit din nh nht ca bu lng lin kt:
4MDN
WN (N)
Trong :M :M men lt (Nmm2)D :ng knh vng ren ca bu lng lin kt (mm)N : S bu lng lin ktW : Lc nn dc trc ln vng quay (N)
4.4 Nhng yu cu c bit cho cn trc chy trn ray
4.4.1 Tnh n nh
Cn trc chy trn ray phi n nh trong cc iu kin ti trng nu 4.2.9.
4.4.2 Chng lt
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Cn cu chy trn ray phi c thit k tha mn v n nh chng lt, ngay c khi trc cc bnh xe hoc ccbnh xe b hng.
4.4.3 Tiu chun vng
Khi treo ti trng lm vic an ton, vng ca x cu chy trn ray khng c vt qu 1/800 khong cch
nhp ca cc gi .
4.4.4 Chi tit chuyn ng tnh tin
Chi tit chuyn ng tnh tin phi c c nh cht vo thn chnh ca cn cu ch y trn ray bng bu lng,bng cch hn hoc cht. Ngoi ra, phi k n nh hng do s nghing ca thn tu tr ng thi lm hng vkhng lm hng.
4.4.5 Gim chn
Cn cu chy trn ray phi c trang b gim chn ph hp vi qui nh (1) v (2) di y, tr trng hpc h thng t ng trnh va :
(1) Ti hai u ng ray hoc cc v tr tng ng khc. Nhng thit b gim chn ny c th c thaybng cc vt chn c ng knh khng nh hn 1/2 ng knh bnh xe.
(2) Khi c trn hai cn cu t trn mt mt ng ray, thit b gim chn phi t gia hai cn cu ny.
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c h n g 5 Chi t it c n h
5.1 Qui nh chung
5.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Cc yu cu trong Chng ny p dng cho chi tit c nh.
5.2 Chi tit c nh
5.2.1 Gi chn cn
1 Kch thc ca cht chn cn, bu lng chn cn v gi chn cn nu Hnh5.1 khng c nh hn gitr di y. Kch thc cc phn khc do ng kim qui nh.
g
Peb1
= (mm)
c ePg
= 0 55 1, (mm)d e
P
g= 1 (mm)
Trong :P: Lc nn dc trc tnh ton tc dng ln thn cn(kN).e1 = 15,6. i vi h cn cu dy ging tt ngang, c th s dng cc gi tr nu Bng5.1 ty theo ti
trng lm vic an ton.
R
D
cc b
D
Cht chn c n
R
Gi ch n c n Bu lng chn c n
Hnh 5.1 Cht chn cn, gi chn cn v bu lng d chn cn
Bng 5.1 Gi tr e1
Ti trng lm vic an ton W(t) e1W 10
10 W< 1515 W 5050 < W
15,618,8 - 0,32W
14,0ng kim qui nh ring
2 Khe h gia bu lng chn cn xuyn qua gi chn cn, cht chn cn phi nh hn 2 mmtheo hng ngknh. Kch thc phn ngoi l bt bu lng ca cht chn cn v gi chn cn phi ging nhau v bnknh theo tiu chun.
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3 Ngoi cc yu cu trong mc -1, kch thc ca cht chn cn v gi chn cn c th ly theo cc tiuchunkhc c ng kim cng nhn. i vi chi tit c nh s dng cho cc h thng cn cu khc vi hcn cu dy ging tt ngang th phi tnh n nh hng ca s tng ti do dy cp quay cn.
5.2.2 Chi tit c nh trn u cn
1 Kch thc ca chi tit c nh trn u cn khng c nh hn gi tr nu t (1) n (3) di y ty theomc ch c th v hnh dng ca chi tit.
(1) Nu chi tit c nh gn c nh vi u cn c dng nhHnh5.2 th kch thc ca chng khng cnh hn cc gi tr sau. Cc kch thc khc phi c ng kim chp nhn.
d= e1Tg
(mm)
t = e2T
g (mm)
Trong :
e1 : Gi tr ly theoBng 5.1e2 : Gi tr nu Bng 5.2T :Lc ko ln nht tc dng ln chi tit u cn(kN). i vi h cn cu dy ging tt ngang th c
th p dng cc gi tr sau y :12Wg dng cho dy cp nng cnWg dng cho dy cp nng hng
Trong :W : Ti trng l vic an ton (t).1 : Nh qui nh 3.6.2.2 : Ly theo Bng5.3 ph thuc vo gi tr ca l/(h-h). Cc gi tr khc ca 2 phi tnh theo
phng php ni suy tuyn tnh. : Nh qui nh Bng5.4 ph thuc vo s rnh cp ca cm puli nng hng. Nu dy cp
nng hng dn ti nh ct cu qua rnh puli gn u cn th c th ly bng 1.
td
Hnh 5.2 Chi tit gn trn u cn
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Bng 5.2 Gi tr e2
Trng ti lm vic an ton W(t) e2W 10
10 < W< 1515 W 5050 < W
12,5
15,1 - 0,26W11,2
ng kim qui nh ring
Bng 5.3 Gi tr 2
l /(h-h) 2,0 1,9 1,8 1,7 1,6 1,5 1,4 1,3 1,22 W< 10 1,99 1,90 1,81 1,73 1,65 1,57 1,49 1,42 1,35
15W< 50 1,82 1,73 1,65 1,57 1,49 1,41 1,33 1,26 1,19
Ch thch :l,hv h nh qui nh 3.6.2
Bng 5.4 Gi tr
S lng rnh cp ca puli nng hng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2,10 1,58 1,40 1,31 1,26 1,23 1,2 1,18
DR t
Hnh 5.3 Chi tit c nh gn trn u cn
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Bng 5.5 Gi tr e3
Ti trng lm vic an ton W(t) e3W 10
10 < W< 15
15 W 5050 < W
122170 - 4,8W
98ng kim qui nh ring
(2) Nu cc chi tit c nh trn u cn c dng nh trong Hnh5.3 th kch thc ca chng khng cnh hn cc gi tr sau:
RD
t eT
g= 1 (mm)
Cc kch thc khc phi c ng kim chp nhnNu gi tr Rln hn 1,15D th c th tnh theo cng thc sau:
t eR
DTg
=
3
2( )
(mm)
Trong :e1 : Nh qui nh 5.2.1-1T : Nh qui nh (1)e3 : Gi tr chn Bng5.5
(3) Cc kch thc ca khuyt u cn phi m bo chu c ti trng tnh ton.
2 Mc d c qui nh -1 trn, Kch thc ca chi tit c nh trn u cn cn c th ly theo cc tiu chuntng ng khc c ng kim cng nhn. i vi chi tit c nh ca h cn cu khng phi l h cn
cu dy ging tt ngang th phi ch n nh hng ca s tng ti trng ca dy cp ko cn gy ra.
5.2.3 Chi tit c nh khc
Kch thc ca chi tit c nh khc nh: gi nh ct, chm cp, tai bt ma n, v.v ... phi c bn phhp vi lc tc dng v phi c hnh dng ph hp vi cc chi tit lin kt. i vi gi nh ct ca h cncu khc vi cn cu dy ging tt ngang th phi ch ti s tng ti trng do dy cp quay cn gy ra.
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Ch n g 6 Chi t it tho c
6.1 Qui nh chung
6.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Cc yu cu trong Chng ny p dng cho chi tit tho c.
6.1.2 Qui nh chung
Khi thit b nng hng v cu xe lm vic vi ti trng an ton th ti trng tc dng ln phn quan trng cachi tit tho c v dy cp khng c vt qu ti trng lm vic an ton qui nh tng ng.
6.2 Puli nng hng
6.2.1 Puli nng hng s dng cp thp
Puli nng hng s dng cp thp phi tha mn cc yu cu t (1) n (4) di y. Cc bnh xe ca puli cnbng hoc nhng bnh xe ca puli cm bin qu ti phi c ng kim xem xt ring (Hnh6.1)
(1) ng knh ca puli ti y rnh cp khng c nh hn 14 ln ng knh cp thp ;(2) Chiu su rnh puli khng c nh hn ng knh cp ;
(3) y rnh puli phi c ng vin trn to bi gc khng nh hn 120 ;(4) ng knh ca rnh cp ti y phi bng 1,1 l nng knh dy cp thp.
6.2.2 Puli nng hng s dng cp tho mc
Puli nng hng s dng cp tho mc phi ph hp vi cc yu cu t (1) n (3) di y:
(1) ng knh y rnh cp ca puli khng c nh hn 5,5 l nng knh cp;
(2) Chiu su rnh puli khng c nh hn ng knh cp si;(3) ng knh ca rnh cp phi bng ng knh dy cp cng 2 mm.
Gc carnh
ng knhy rnh
Chiusu
rnh
Hnh 6.1 Rnh puli
6.3 Dy cp
6.3.1 Dy cp thp
Dy cp thp phi tha mn cc yu cu t (1) n (5) di y:
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(1) Phi c x l chng g;(2) Phi ph hp vi mc ch s dng v phi c Giy chng nhn ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Phn 7B ca
TCVN 6259 : 2003 "Qui phm phn cp v ng tu bin v thp" hoc cc yu cu v Tiu chun khcc ng kim chp nhn;
(3) Khng c ni cp;
(4) Phn ni u cp phi theo phng php c ng kim chp nhn v phi m bo bn;(5) Ty theo mc ch s dng v ti trng lm vic an ton, h s an ton ca dy cp khng c nh hn
gi tr sau. Tuy nhin, H s an ton ca dy cp thp chy khng cn ln hn 5 v dy c nh khng cnln hn 4.
10
8 85 1910
4
, W+i vi W 160
3 i vi W> 160Trong : Wl ti trng lm vic an ton (t)
6.3.2 Dy cp tho mc
Dy cp phi tha mn cc yu cu t (1) n (3) sau y:
(1) Dy cp phi tha mn cc tiu chun hin hnh v phi c ng kim cp Giy chng nhn km theo;(2) ng knh cp khng c nh hn 12 mm;(3) H s an ton ca dy cp khng c nh hn gi tr nu Bng6.1 ty thuc vo ng knh dy cp.
Bng 6.1 H s an ton ca dy cp tho mc
ng knh dy cp D (mm) H s an ton12 D< 1414 D< 18
18
D< 2424 D< 4040 D
1210875
6.4 Cc chi tit tho c khc
6.4.1 Qui nh chung
Ti trng tnh ton ca cc chi tit tho c nh xch, khuyn bt cp, mc treo, man, mt xoay, kp cp,gu ngom, dm nng hng, nam chm nng hng, li nng hng, v.v..., khng c ln hn gi tr nhnc khi ly gii hn bn t ca mi chi tit chia cho h s an ton bng 5.
6.5 Cc yu cu tng ng
Mc d c qui nh t6.2 n 6.4, kt cu ca cc chi tit tho c c th ph hp vi cc tiu chun khcc ng kim cng nhn.
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Ch ng 7 my, t r an g bi n v h t h ng iu kh i n
7.1 Qui nh chung
7.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Cc yu cu ca Chng ny p dng cho my, trang b in v h thng iu khin s dng trong thit bnng hng. Tuy nhin, khi p dng cc yu cu ca Chng ny i vi cc ti cho cu xe th chng c thc thay i cho ph hp.
7.2 My
7.2.1 Qui nh chung
H thng truyn ng ca thit b nng hng phi m bo hot ng n nh tc nh mc vi ti trnglm vic an ton.
7.2.2 My nng
1 Kt cu ca my nng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu t (1) n (6) di y:
(1) ng knh mt bch u tang khng c nh hn 2,5 l nng knh vng cp o t mp ngoi lp cpngoi cng trong iu kin khai thc. Yu cu ny c th b qua nu c h thng chng x cp hoc trongtrng hp ch c mt lp cp qun trn tang.
(2) ng knh vng ren tang ti khng c nh hn 18 l nng knh cp.(3) Ti phi lin kt vi b bng cc bu lng bn chu c ti trng tc dng ln tang (Lc cng ti a tc
dng ln tang khi dy cp qun lp n vi tc nng danh ngha).(4) Phi trang b h thng phanh ph hp vi cc yu cu t (a) n (d) sau y:
(a) H thng phanh phi c kh nng chu c m men xon vt qu 50 %m men xon yu cu khi
thit b nng hng hot ng vi ti trng lm vic an ton;(b) H thng phanh in phi t ng ng khi cn iu khin thit b nng hng v tr 0;(c) H thng phanh in phi t ng ng khi c bt k s c no trong ngun cp. Trong trng hp
ny phi b tr h thng h hng s c.(5) Cc tang li hp phi c h thng hm tin cy c kh nng hn ch s xoay ca tang. H thng hm phi c
kh nng chu c m men xon t nht bng 1,5 l nm men xon theo yu cu khi thit b nng hnghot ng vi ti trng lm vic an ton.
(6) Phi c thit b hoc cc bin php thch hp bo v cp.
2 u cp cui phi bt cht vo tang ti sao cho khng lm h hng bt k phn no ca cp v phn cp cnli trn tang phi c di ti thiu bng 3 vng tang i vi tang khng c rnh hoc 2 vng tang i vi
tang c rnh khi s dng ht chiu di ca dy cp.
7.3 Ngun cp
7.3.1 Qui nh chung
1 Thit b, ng ng v cp in trong cc h thng in, thy lc, kh nn hoc hi nc v trang thit b cachng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu lin quan ca TCVN 6259 : 2003 "Qui ph m phn cp v ng tu binv thp".
2 Kt cu, bn, vt liu, v.v..., ca ng c t trong s dng lm ngun ng lc phi ph hp vi cc yucu trong Phn 3 ca TCVN 6259 : 2003 "Qui phm phn cp v ng tu bin v thp".
7.4 H thng iu khin my
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7.4.1 Qui nh chung
1 Thit b in, thy lc hoc kh nn s dng cho cc h thng iu khin, bo ng v an ton phi ph hpvi cc yu cu tng ng ca TCVN 6259 : 2003 "Qui phm phn cp v ng tu bin v thp".
2 Thit b iu khin, bo ng v an ton phi c thit k da trn c s nguyn tc t ng khc phc s c.
7.4.2 H thng iu khin
1 H thng iu khin phi c b tr sao cho khng gy tr ngi cho ngi iu khin hoc ngi c trchnhim to tn hiu hot ng.
2 H thng iu khin phi t ng tr v v tr trung tnh (v tr 0) khi ngi iu khin ngng thao tc.3 i vi ti in, phi trang b cu dao ngt mch in ti v tr gn ni iu khin.
4 Cn cu tr quay v my nng phi c thit b ngt s c ti v tr d n v c th hm mi chuyn ng.
5 My nng phi c h thng iu tc t ng c th gim ng k gia tc lc khi ng v lc hm.
6 My nng phi c h thng iu khin thch hp c th dng thang nng ti v tr sn qui nh.7 Nu my nng c c nh bng then kha th phi c bin php thch hp ngn nga ti trng va p trn
thang nng khi rt then.
7.4.3 H thng an ton
1 Thit b nng hng phi c h thng chng qu ti.
2 Thit b nng hng phi c trang b h thng an ton thch hp ngn nga s c nu t (1) n (6) diy, ty theo loi thit b v cng dng ca chng:
(1) Nng qu cao;
(2) Gc quay qu ln;(3) iu khin vt qu phm vi qui nh;(4) Tc di chuyn qu cao;(5) Trt bnh khi ray;(6) Cc s c khc do ng kim qui nh.
3 i vi cn cu quay c ti trng lm vic an ton thay i theo bn knh hot ng th phi c bng t l chr quan h gia bn knh hot ng v ti trng lm vic an ton trong cabin iu khin, ngoi ra cn phi ccc thit b tha mn iu (1), (2) v (3) di y:
(1) Thit b ch bn knh hot ng;(2) Thit b ch ti trng nng;
(3) Thit b chng qu ti so vi ti trng lm vic an ton ng vi bn knh hot ng.
7.4.4 H thng bo v
1 Phi c bin php thch ng bo v ngi iu khin cc b phn quay ca my ch ng, trang b in vng ng dn hi.
2 Cc ti hi nc phi c b tr sao cho hi nc khng lm nh hng n tm nhn ca ngi iu khin.
3 Thang my phi c trang b cc h thng bo v nu t (1) n (4) di y:
(1) Cc tm bo v c chiu cao khng nh hn 1 mvng quanh l khot trn boong cho cc sn ca thangmy.
(2) H thng kha lin ng khng cho my nng chuyn ng nu tt c cc tm bo v cha c ng li.(3) H thng kha lin ng phi m bo khng m c cc tm bo v nu my nng khng tr ng thim tm bo v.
(4) n hoc cc tn hiu bo ng thch hp khc ti v tr vo my nng.
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Ch n g 8 t ha n g M y v b n g c h uy n t i
8.1 Qui nh chung
8.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Cc qui nh trong Chng ny p dng cho cc thnh phn kt cu ca thang my v bng chuyn ti.
8.2 Ti trng thit k
8.2.1 Cc ti trng
Phi ch n tnh nng v cng dng ca tng loi thang my v bng chuyn ti trong iu kin khai thcv khng khai thc, xt theo cc ti trng lit k t (1) n (7) di y:
(1) Ti trng lm vic an ton;(2) Trng lng bn thn ca h thng;
(3) Ti trng do gi;(4) Ti trng do sng;(5) Ti trng do nghing tu;(6) Ti trng do tu chuyn ng;(7) Cc ti trng khc nu ng kim xt thy cn thit.
8.2.2 Ti trng do gi
Ti trng do gi c tnh theo 4.2.5.
8.2.3 Ti trng do sng
i vi cc thnh phn kt cu to thnh mt phn tn v tu v chu ti trng do sng, chiu cao ct nckhng c nh hn gi tr tnh theo cng thc sau:
{ }d D L H x gDD hs
+ ++
0 125 0 052
, , ( )'
(kPa)
Trong :x : Khong cch t thnh phn kt cu n mt trc ca sng mi trn ng nc ch hng thit k
ln nht c nh ngha trong 1.2.25, Phn 1-A ca TCVN 6259 -1 : 2003 "Qui phm phn cp vng tu bin v thp" (di y, trong Chng ny gi l Qui phm) (m)
D : Chiu cao mn ca tu nu ti 1.2.24 Phn 1A ca Qui phm (m).d : Chiu chm ln nht nu 1.2.30, Phn 1A ca Qui phm (m).
L : Chiu di ca tu c nh ngha 1.2.20, Phn 1A ca Qui phm (m). L c ly bng 230 mkhichiu di ln hn 230 m.w(x): Gi tr c tnh theo cng thc sau:
( )(,
)'38 45 10 3
Cx
Lb i vi x 0,3L
0 i vi x> 0,3LTrong :
C'b : H s bo ca tu nu 1.2.32, Phn 1A ca Qui phm, c ly bng 0,85 khi n ln hn0,85
L : Chiu di ca tu c nh ngha trong 1.2.16, Phn 1A ca Qui phm (m)hs : Gi tr tnh theo Bng8.1 ph thuc vo chiu di tu
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8.2.4 Ti trng do nghing tu
Ti trng do nghing tu phi c ng kim xem xt ring.
Bng 8.1 Gi tr hs
Chiu di tu L (m) hsL 90
90 < L
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c ti hoc chuyn ng ca h thng.
3 bn ca cc thnh phn kt cu to thnh mt phn v tu phi tng ng vi bn ca kt cu v tuxung quanh n.
4 Cc thnh phn kt cu phi c gia c tha ng v phi c cc thit b thch hp h n ch chuyn ng dc
v ngang khi lp ti v tr.
8.3.2 ng sut cho php ca ti trng tng hp
ng sut nu Bng8.2 c s dng cho cc thnh phn chu ti trng tng hp.
8.3.3 Chiu dy sn thang my v bng chuyn ti
1 Chiu dy tm to thnh mt phn v tu khng c nh hn chiu dy tm ti v tr lin quan v c xcnh vi khong cch np gia cng bng khong sn thc t ca tu.
2 Chiu dy tm to thnh mt phn vch tu khng c nh hn chiu dy ti v tr lin quan v c xcnh vi khong cch np gia cng bng khong cch np vch thc t ca tu.
3 i vi h thng dng xp t th chiu dy ca tm sn my nng hoc cu xe khng c nh hn chiudy tn boong ch t theo qui nh.
Bng 8.2 ng sut cho php a
iu kin Dng ng sut
ti trng Ko Un Ct Nn Dp Tng hp
iu kin nu 8.2.6-2 0,67y 0,67y 0,39y 0,58y 0,94y 0,77yiu kin nu 8.2.6-4 v -5 0,77y 0,77y 0,45y 0,67y 1,09y 0,89y
Ch thch :1. y l gii hn chy ca vt liu (N/mm
2)
2. ng sut tng hp tnh theo cng thc sau:
x y x y x 2 2 23+ + y (N/mm
2)
Trong :x : ng sut php tc dng theo hng xti im gia chiu dy tm (N/mm
2)
y : ng sut php tc dng theo hng yti im gia chiu dy tm (N/mm2)
xy : ng sut tip trong mt phng x - y(N/mm2).
8.3.4 Chiu dy thp ti thiu
Chiu dy cc thnh phn kt cu khng c nh hn 6 mmi vi cc thnh phn chu nh hng ca thitit v 5 mmi vi cc thnh phn khng chu nh hng ca thi tit.
8.3.5 Tiu chun v vng
Phi gii hn vng ca cc thnh phn kt cu sinh ra di ti trng lm vic an ton ti gi tr 1/400khong cch nhp gia hai gi i vi my nng v 1/250 i vi cu xe.
8.3.6 bn ca bu lng, ai c v cht
Cc bu lng, ai c v cht phi c bn so vi ln v hng ca ti trng tc dng ln n.
8.3.7 Thit b kha ca cu xe
1 Phi c thit b kha v tr ng cu xe chu c cc ti trng nu ti 8.2.6-5.
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2 H thng kha thy lc phi c thit k sao cho cu xe phi c kha bng c kh k c khi mt p sutthy lc.
3 Cu xe c s dng lm phng tin ng cc l khot th thit b ng c th c s dng lm thit bkha cu xe nu din tch l khot ln hn mt na din tch hnh chiu ca cu xe khi ng. Ti trng thit kca cc thit b ng, ngoi cc ti trng nu Chng 21 Phn 2A ca Qui phm cn phi bao gm cc ti
trng nu 8.2.6-5.
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Ch n g 9 c h n g n h n , n g d u v h s n g k i m
9.1 Qui nh chung
9.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Cc yu cu trong Chng ny p dng cho vic chng nhn, ng du v h s k thut ca thit b nnghng.
9.2 Qui nh ti trng lm vic an ton, v.v...
9.2.1 Qui nh chung
ng kim qui nh ti trng lm vic an ton, v.v... khi thit b nng hng c kim tra v th tha mntheo qui nh ca Chng 2 v c th ti theo phng php nu 2.7-3 hoc 2.7-4(1).
9.2.2 Ti trng khc vi ti trng lm vic an ton
Theo yu cu ca Ch tu th ngoi ti trng lm vic an ton theo 9.2.1, ng kim c th chp nhn nhngti trng nu t mc (1) n (2) sau:
(1) Ti trng ti a tng ng vi gc nh hn gc ti thiu cho php i vi h cn trc dy ging.(2) Ti trng ti a tng ng vi tm vi vt qu tm vi ti a cho php i vi h cn trc tr quay.
9.2.3 Qui nh cho h cn trc dy ging lm vic ghp i
1 Vicqui nh ti trng lm vic an ton, v.v... cho h cn trc dy ging lm vic ghp i l xc nh titrng lm vic an ton v gc ln nht gia hai dy nng hng hoc ti trng lm vic an ton v chiu caonng cho php (khong cch thng ng gia v tr cao nht ca kt cu trn boong thng c ming hm
hng v tm m tam gic hoc khuyn trn bt vi dy cp nng hng).2 Gc ln nht to bi hai dy cp nng hng qui nh trong mc -1 khng c vt qu 120.
9.3 ng du ti trng lm vic an ton, v.v...
9.3.1 ng du cho c cu lm hng v cu xe
1 Trn c cu lm hng v cu xe, ti trng lm vic an ton, gc nghing nh nht cho php, tm vi ti a vcc iu kin hn ch khc xc nh theo 9.2 phi c ng du ph hp vi cc yu cu t (1) n (3) diy :
(1) H cn trc dy ging
Ti v tr d thy ca gi cn phi c du ca ng kim, du qui nh ti trng lm vic an ton, gcnh nht cho php v cc iu kin hn ch khc
(2) Cn trc tr quayTi v tr d thy ca gi cn hoc v tr tng t phi c du ca ng kim, du qui nh ti trng lmvic an ton, tm vi ln nht v cc iu kin hn ch khc.
(3) C cu lm hng v cu xe khcTi v tr d thy, t b va chm, phi c du ca ng kim, ti trng lm vic an ton v cc iu kinhn ch khc.
2 Nu h cn trc dy ging v h cn trc tr quay c cc ti trng lm vic an ton khc c ng kim chpnhn theo cc qui nh nu 9.2.2 th phi c cc du ng qui nh tng t hp tng ng, theo cc yu
cu trong -1.3 i vi c cu lm hng s dng gu ngom, dm nng hng, li nng hng, nam chm nng hng v chi tit
tho c tng ng khc c qui nh ti trng hng ti a, khng k trng lng bn thn, th phi ng
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du nh ng du cc du hiu v cc iu kin hn ch khc tng ng theo -1.
4 Du ng phi c sn bng sn chng g v vin khung bng sn d nhn thy.
5 Ngoi vic ng du theo qui nh mc -1, -2 v -3, cc du tng t (tr du ng kim) phi c ngti nhng v tr d thy c sn ph , v.v... Trong trng hp ny, kch thc ca ch phi c chiu cao khng
nh hn 77 mm.6 i vi nhng c cu lm hng khng qui nh ti trng lm vic an ton, phi ng du hn ch ti trng s
dng di 1 tn.
9.3.2 ng du cho cc chi tit tho c
1 Trn chi tit tho c, tr dy cp thp v cp tho mc, phi ng du ti trng th, ti trng lm vic anton v cc du hiu phn bit vo v tr d thy v khng gy bt li cho c bn v s ho t ng cachng. Trn gu ngom, dm nng hng, nam chm nng hng, khung nng cng te n v cc chi tit tngng khc, phi ng du thm trng lng bn thn ca chng.
2 Cc du ng phi c sn chng g v ng khung bng sn d nhn thy.
3 Mc d cc yu cu trong mc -1, gu ngom, dm nng hng, nam chm nng hng, vng nng hng v ccchi tit tng ng khc, phi ng du thm ti trng lm vic an ton, trng lng bn thn ca chng csn ph. Trong trng hp ny, kch thc kch thc ca ch phi c chiu cao khng nh hn 77 mm.
4 Mc d c qui nh -1 v -3 trn, nu kh ng du hoc sn trc tip ln chi tit tho c th c th pdng cc bin php khc c ng kim chp nhn.
9.4 H s ng kim
9.4.1 Loi h s
1 H s do ng kim cp cho thit b nng hng phi bao gm cc ti liu t (1) n (9) sau:(1) S ng k thit b nng hng ca tu (ILO mu 1) (CG.1);(2) Giy chng nhn th v kim tra cn trc dy ging, ti v cc chi tit ca chng trc khi a vo s
dng (ILO mu 2) (CG.2);(3) Giy chng nhn th v kim tra cn trc dy ging, ti v cc chi tit ca chng khi lm vic ghp i
(CG.2(U));(4) Giy chng nhn th v kim tra cn trc tr quay, my nng v cc chi tit ca chng trc khi a vo
s dng (ILO mu 3 (C.G.3);(5) Giy chng nhn th v kim tra thang my, cu xe v cc chi tit ca chng trc khi a vo s dng
(CG.3 LR);(6) Giy chng nhn th v kim tra xch, khuyn, mc treo, ma n, mt xoay v puli, trc khi a vo s
dng (ILO mu 4) (C.G.4);(7) Giy chng nhn th v kim tra dy cp trc khi a vo s dng (ILO mu 5) (CG.5);(8) Giy chng nhn x l nhit ca xch, mc, ma n, mt xoay nu yu cu (CG.6);(9) Giy chng nhn tng km tra hng nm cc chi tit khng phi nhit luyn theo chu k (CG.7).
9.4.2 Chu k cp pht Giy chng nhn
Chu k cp pht cc Giy chng nhn nu 9.4.1-1 c cho trong Bng9.1 ty thuc vo vic th v kimtra.
9.4.3 Giy chng nhn mt hiu lc
1 Giy chng nhn nu 9.4.1 s mt hiu lc ton b hoc tng phn ty theo tng trng hp t (1) n (9)di y:
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(1) Khi Ch tu yu cu hy b hoc thay i ti trng lm vic an ton, v.v...;(2) Khi kt cu, b tr chung hoc trang b ca thit b nng hng thay i;(3) Khi di chuyn v tr lp t thit b nng hng;(4) Khi khng thc hin cc dng kim tra nu Chng 2;(5) Khi ng kim vin nhn thy thit b nng hng khng c kh nng lm vic;
(6) Khi c thay i cc ni dung trong Giy chng nhn;(7) Khi kh c ni dung ca Giy chng nhn do cc li trong Giy chng nhn hay do h hng;(8) Khi khng tr l ph kim tra theo qui nh;(9) Khi ng kim nghi ng tnh xc thc ca Giy chng nhn, v.v...
2 Nhng Giy chng nhn mt hiu lc theo qui nh mc -1 phi c gi tr li ngay cho ng kim.
9.4.4 Cp li v hiu chnh Giy chng nhn
Trng hp cc Giy chng nhn, v.v... b mt hiu lc nh nu 9.4.3-1 hoc b tht lc, ng kim s cpli Giy chng nhn hoc hiu chnh cn thit ty tng trng hp c th.
9.5 Bo qun h s ng kim
9.5.1 Qui nh chung
Cc Giy chng nhn do ng kim cp theo yu cu 9.4 v hng dn s dng thit b nng hng phi cbo qun trn tu hoc do ngi c trch nhim ca Ch tu gi trong trng hp tu c ko khng cthuyn vin.
9.5.2 Hng dn s dng
Hng dn s dng nu 9.5.1 phi c ghi cc hng mc quan trng cn cho s hot ng v bo dng thitb nng hng trong s nhng hng mc t (1) n (8) di y:
(1) B tr chung ca c cu lm hng, cu xe;(2) Bn v b tr chung ca cc chi tit tho c;(3) Danh mc chi tit tho c;(4) iu kin thit k (k c ti trng lm vic an ton, tc gi, nghing dc v nghing ngang ca tu,
v.v...);(5) Danh mc vt liu;(6) Hng dn s dng (bao gm c chc nng ca h thng an ton v h thng bo v);(7) Qui trnh th ti;(8) Qui trnh bo dng v kim tra.
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Bng 9.1 Chu k cp pht Giy chng nhn
Loi Giy chng nhn Chu k cp pht
A Giy chng nhn theo yu cuca 9.4.1-2(1)
Khi yu cu xc nh ti trng lm vic an ton, v.v... i vi thitb nng hng trong thi gian u.
BGiy chng nhn theo yu cuca 9.4.1-2(2)
(1) Khi yu cu xc nh ti trng lm vic an ton, v.v... i vithit b nng hng trong thi gian u.
(2) Khi cc thit b nng hng lp mi b sung v khi xc nh titrng lm vic an ton v.v...
(3) Khi thay i ti trng lm vic an ton, v.v...
(4) Khi qua th ti qui nh mc 2.3.6-4(1).
CGiy chng nhn theo yu cuca 9.4.1-2(3)
Khi xc nh ti trng lm vic an ton, v.v... cho h cn cu dyging lm vic ghp i hoc khi qua th ti qui nh mc 2.3.6-4(1).
D Giy chng nhn theo yu cuca 9.4.1-2(4)
Tng t nh hng B
EGiy chng nhn theo yu cuca 9.4.1-2(5)
Khi qua th ti qui nh mc 2.3.6-4(2).
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Rul es f o r Ca r g o Ha n d l in g Appl ia n c es o f sh ips
Ch a pter 1 GENERAL
1.1 General
1.1.1 Application
1 The Rules apply to the cargo handling appliances (hereinafter referred to as "the Rules") which are installed
on the ships classed with Vietnam Register (hereinafter referred to as "VR"), and which are intended to be
registered under Part 1A of the Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-going Steel Ships.
2 The relevant requirements in the Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-going Steel Ships apply
to the materials, equipment, installation and workmanship of the cargo handling appliances, unless otherwise
specified in the Rules.
3 Previously recognized standards may be applied to the cargo handling appliances constructed or installed on
sea-going ships before the enforcement date of the Rules, unless otherwise specified in the Rules.
1.1.2 Equivalency
1 Cargo handling appliances which do not comply with the requirements of the Rules may be accepted,
provided that they are considered by VR to have the effectiveness equivalent to those complying with the
Rules.
2 Any existing cargo handling appliances designed and manufactured not under the requirements of the Rules
may be deemed by VR to comply with the Rules, provided that they comply with any rules or standardsrecognized by VR to be appropriate and have passed the tests and inspection required by VR.
1.1.3 Precautions in application
1 As for the cargo handling appliances, precautions are to be taken to any manners of their treatment different
from the requirements of the Rules in the flag state of the ship or state of call.
2 VR may carry out inspection and issue necessary certificates for the cargo handling appliances according to
the designated rules in the capacity of the government of the state concerned or other organization under the
authorization by such state or organization.
1.2 Definitions
1.2.1 Terminology
For the purpose of the Rules, the terms are defined as given in (1) through (17) below unless otherwise
defined:
(1) Cargo handling appliances are derrick system, cranes, cargo lifts, cargo ramps and other machinery used
for loading and unloading of cargoes and other articles including their installations of driving systems,
cargo fittings and loose gears.
(2) Cargo gears are derrick systems, cranes, cargo lifts and other machinery used for the loading and
unloading of cargo and other articles except cargo ramps, and include their installations of driving
systems and cargo fittings.(3) Structural members are those of cargo handling appliances carrying the safe working load, including cargofittings and cargo blocks permanently incorporated in the cargo gear and the cargo ramps.
(4) Cargo fittings are goose neck brackets, topping brackets, fittings at the derrick boom head, derrick heel
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lugs, guy cleats, eye fittings, etc. which are permanently fitted to the structural members or the hull
structure for the purpose of cargo handling.
(5) Loose gears are blocks, ropes, chains, rings, hooks, shackles, swivels, clamps, grabs, l ifting magnets,
spreaders, etc. which are removable parts used for transmitting the loads of cargo to the structural
members.
(6) Safe working load is the maximum allowable load specified by the Rules which the cargo gear and thecargo ramps can be operated safely. It is abbreviated to "SWL" and expressed in kilo - Newtons (kN) or
tons (t).
(7) Allowable minimum angle is the angle to horizontal of a derrick boom at which the derrick system is
permitted to operate under the safe working load, and expressed in degrees (o).
(8) Maximum slewing radius is the radius at which a jib crane is permitted to operate under the safe working
load, and expressed in meters (m).
(9) Safe working load, etc. are:
(a) safe working load, allowable minimum angle and other restrictive conditions in case of the derrick
systems.
(b) safe working load, maximum slewing radius and other restrictive conditions in case of the jib
cranes.(c) safe working load and other restrictive conditions deemed necessary by VR in case of other
machinery used for the loading and unloading of cargo.
(d) safe working load and other restrictive conditions deemed necessary by VR in case of the cargo
ramps.
(10) Safe working load of loose gear is the maximum allowable mass of cargoes specified by the Rules with
which the loose gear can be used safely. It is abbreviated to "SWL" and expressed in kilo - Newton (kN)
or tons (t). For cargo blocks, the safe working load is defined according to (a) or (b) below:
(a) The safe working load of a single sheave block is the maximum mass of cargoes that can be safely
lifted by rope passing round its sheave.
(b) The safe working load of a multiple sheave block is the maximum mass of cargoes that may be
applied to its head fitting of the block.
(11) Derrick systems are installations for handling cargo by suspending the cargo from the top of the derrick
boom fitted to derrick post or mast, including those specified in (a), (b) and (c) below:
(a) The end of topping lift being fixed, two guy ropes fitted at the top of the derri ck boom are wound by
independent winches respectively to swing the boom horizontally (hereinafter referred to as
"swinging derrick system").
(b) Two derrick booms, on port and starboard sides, in pair are fixed at predetermined positions. The
cargo falls of two derricks are connected to load or unload the cargo (hereinafter referred to as
"union - purchase derrick system").
(c) The cargo fall can be paid out or heaved in and luffing and slewing of derrick boom can be carried
out singly or simultaneously while the cargo is suspended (hereinafter referred to as "derrick crane
system").
(12) Cranes cover j ib cranes, gantry cranes, overhead cranes and hoists, cargo davits, etc. and are capable of
performing the works of cargo loading and unloading, slewing and/or horizontal movement
simultaneously or separately.
(13) Cargo lifts are the installations designed to contain the cargo in their structure to loading and unloading
the cargo.
(14) Cargo ramps are the installation mounted on the shell or provided in the ship, and arranged to permit
passage of vehicles as cargo or vehicles loaded wi th cargo on themselves and having mechanism
enabling its opening and closing or turning.
(15) JISis an acronym for Japanese Industrial Standards.(16) Lifting load is the sum of the safe working load defined as the maximum weight of cargo itself to be
suspended and the weight of accessories such as hooks, cargo blocks, grabs, buckets, lifting beams,
spreaders, etc. Unless otherwise deemed necessary by VR, the weight of wi re ropes used as cargo falls
need not be taken into account except when the installation is designed for a lift of 50 mor more.
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(17) The acceleration of gravity is to be equal to 9.81 m/sec.2.
1.3 Ar rangement, construction, mater ials and welding
1.3.1 Ar rangement
1 The arrangement and dimensions of the cargo gear and the cargo ramps are to be determined with due
consideration given to avoid interference with manoeuvring lights, navigation lights and other functions of the
ship.
2 When same parts of the cargo gear are utilized commonly for other functions, such as ventilators, or important
systems or equipment designed for other purposes, or further, when some systems or equipment for other
purposes are mounted on them, due considerations are to be given to avoid undue interference with each other
in relation to their functions and strength.
3 When any parts of the cargo gear and the cargo ramps project beyond the