te meet mi chap 1*

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LessonLessonLessonLessonLesson Teacher Notes

Chapter 1

Meet MichiganThink about this question while you read.

What is a state?

Welcome to Michigan. This is where you live.Your hometown is here. This is your state.Michigan is full of fun and exciting things. Let’slearn about them.

Read about its Indian tribes. Listen to a chieftell you a legend. See the old forts from longago. Some of our first towns began as forts.

Go back in time. See how ourpioneer men and women lived. Learnwhy they came to Michigan and howthey got here. Discover how Michiganbecame a state. Find out how it hasgrown and changed.

What would YOU like to learnabout Michigan?

Luis is checking out

our state stone.

The fort at Mackinaw City.

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Chapter one lays the foundationrequired for students to studyMichigan.

Knowing what a state is beginsthe process of understandingstate government and leads into3C1.0.1 purposes of government.

Even though at this point manyof your students may not reallyunderstand what Michigan is,take some time to talk with themabout what they might like tolearn about Michigan. Thisshould help build some owner-ship for the content.

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Chapter 1Chapter 1Chapter 1Chapter 1Chapter 1Teacher Notes

without Alaska, Hawaii & the Commonwealth of Puerto RicoMainland United StatesMainland United States

NORTHCAROLINA

FLORIDA

ALABAMA

CALIFORNIA

COLORADO

CONN

DELAWARE

ARKANSAS

GEORGIA

IDAHO

IOWA

KANSASKENTUCKY

LOUISIANA

MAINE

MASS

MINNESOTA

MISSISSIPPI

MISSOURI

MONTANA

NEBRASKANEVADA

NH

NEW YORK

NORTH DAKOTA

OHIO

OKLAHOMA

OREGON

PENNSYLVANIA

SOUTHCAROLINA

SOUTH DAKOTA

TENNESSEE

TEXAS

UTAH

VT

VIRGINIA

WESTVIRGINIA

WASHINGTON

WISCONSIN

WYOMING

INDIANAILLINOIS

NEW MEXICOARIZONA

MICHIGAN

MARYLAND

NEWJERSEY

What is Michigan?It is one of our 50 states. It is part of the

United States of America. Each state is differentfrom the others. Some states have much land.Some have less land. Some have many people.Other states have fewer people.

Have you ever wondered what a state is?Each state has three parts. A state is its land, its

people and its government.

First, a state is land. When we say land, donot leave out its lakes and water. Each state hasits own shape.

This isMichigan!

This is a good time to havestudents locate Michigan onwall maps or on a globe.Stress it is easy to find ourstate because the Great Lakesare around us. If you haveaccess to Google Earth, letstudents experiment zoomingin and out from Michigan.Zoom in to your town andout to see the whole state.

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Each state has its own borders. A border iswhere one state ends and the next state begins. Hasyour family driven across Michigan’s border?

A state is also the people who live there. Youand I are each a little bit of Michigan. The thingswe do are all a part of our state.

People need rules. They need help doingsome things. Government does things for us wecannot do by ourselves. It helps people. It buildshighways. It pays for the police. It makes laws. Ithelps people protect their rights. Government isthe third part of what a state is.

Our ShapeSome states have square

shapes. Some are long.Some are tall. Michigan hasa very different shape. Noother state has a shape likeours. Our shape is quiteinteresting!

1

WYOMING

NORTH DAKOTACOLORADO

Hey Harry, those states areso square. Look at mine.It has such an interestingshape!

2 mammothscomparesome states

M I C H I G A N

Land People Government

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3C3.0.2 state governmentservices and their funding

Talk about some of theservices cities provide. Tomake it more interesting,let students make thesounds that go with eachservice like police cars andgarbage trucks.

You may want to project theGreat Lakes area onto somepaper so students can tracelarge examples of Michiganand the states around us.Next, they can cut theseshapes out. If you want,time the groups to seewhich one can correctlyreassemble the states first.

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4


We are not like any otherstate. We are different in twoways. First, we are in themiddle of the Great Lakes!The Great Lakes are HUGElakes. You cannot see acrossthem. Each of them holds a

lot of water. Big ships sail on them. No otherstate has so much fresh water around it. TheGreat Lakes give our land its shape. You canspot Michigan quickly, even from outer space!

A photo of Lake Superior. A large ship sailsby. This ship carries coal to a power plant.Courtesy David McConnell

A photo taken from outer space. The photo was taken in thewinter. There is ice on some of the Great Lakes.

Courtesy Liam Gumley, Space Science and EngineeringCenter, University of Wisconsin-Madison

3G1.0.2 use thematic maps

Can students findthe approximatelocation of theircity or town onthe map?

BS

5


Upper Peninsula

LowerPeninsula

Next, Michigan is divided into two big parts.It is the only state that is this way. We have theUpper Peninsula. It is the northern part. Wehave the Lower Peninsula. It is the southernpart. Have you heard the word peninsulabefore? A peninsula is land with water on threesides. The Great Lakes are around our twopeninsulas. Check it out on a map.

The Lower Peninsula looks like a hand ora mitten. Some people also say the UpperPeninsula has a hand shape too. Put the twoshapes together. The Upper Peninsula is the lefthand. The Lower Peninsula is the right hand.Now your hands look like Michigan!

WATER

WATER

WATER

WATER

WATER

Upper Peninsula

LowerPeninsula

Water is on 3 sidesof each peninsula.

WW

SS

EE

NN

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3G1.0.1 use cardinaldirections

3G1.0.2 use thematicmaps

Have students hold up theirown hands to imitate our twopeninsulas. Have a couple ofstudents place their hands ona wall map so the entire classcan see the correlationbetween the hands and thepeninsulas shown on themap.

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6


Our NameWhat does the name of

our state mean? The nameMichigan comes from NativeAmerican words! It meansbig lake or great lake. Thatfits our state. It has so muchwater around it!

There are many ways tolearn more about Michigan.You may want to read abook about Michigan.There are also videosabout our state.

Remember ....You have learned that Michigan is one of our 50states.

You should know what a state is.

You know where to find Michigan on a map.You know its shape comes from the Great Lakes.

We have two parts called peninsulas. Thosepeninsulas can look like hands.

book

video

Picture drawnby GeorgeRasmussen.

3

From time to time we willmention other books andresources that may behelpful.All of these items areavailable fromHillsdale EducationalPublishers atwww.hillsdalepublishers.com

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Think About It. Write About It!

1. Tell what you know about the shape ofMichigan. 3G1.0.2, (answer on page 5)

2. What is a peninsula? 3G1.0.2, 3G2.0.1 (p5)

3. What does the name Michigan mean? 3H3.0.6(p 6)

4. What is a state? (p 2)

5. Name one thing state government does for us.3C3.0.2 (p 3)

Brain StretchersWhat makes Michigan different from other

states in the United States? 3G1.0.2 (p3-5)

Words In Action!Imagine you have a pen pal in another

state. Write an e-mail telling about Michigan.Use facts you learned from this lesson.GLCE - various possibilities

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1 Numbers likethese will hlepyou locate theanswers to studentquestions. Thepage numbers foranswers are alsoprinted after theGLCE for eachquestion.

Words In Action!In their e-mails students canmention they have learnedMichigan is north of manyother states. They now knowwhat a state is. Michigan isshaped like two hands or twomittens. Michigan is differentbecause it is divided into twobig parts. The Great Lakes arearound Michigan and thename Michigan comes fromNative American words for biglake or big water.

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Chapter 1 Lesson 2

Ideas To Explorecommon good: what is best for everyone, notjust yourself.state flag: Each state has a state flag. Whatdoes ours look like?state symbols: Which symbols (SIM bols) standfor Michigan?

Places To DiscoverIsle Royale (sounds like- eye l • roy al)Lansing (lan sing)

Words to Welcomecoral (KOR al)deposit (dee pos it)fossil (fos el)Kalkaska (kal KAS ka)Latin (LAT n)human characteristic (hu man • kar ak ter iz tik)natural characteristicnatureopinionstate game mammalstate sealTuebor (TOO-a-bor) a Latin word

Words to Welcome

MichiganSocialStudiesGLCEs3G1.0.23G5.0.13C1.0.13C5.0.13P3.1.13P3.3.13P4.2.13P4.2.2

The theme of this lesson isthe natural characteristics ofMichigan in the form of ourstate symbols. It also intro-duces the core democrtaicvalue of common good andbeing a responsible citizenby helping to keep Michiganclean.

The main GLCEs are3G5.0.1 natural resourcesand use &3P3.1.1 identify public issues

9


Think about this question while you read. How do our state symbols help people

learn about Michigan?

Check out our state symbols (SIM bols)!The symbols are things which are special toMichigan. Here are some examples.

The robin is the state bird. People said it is thebest known and most loved bird here.

Our state flower is the apple blossom. It hasbeen the state flower since 1897. In the springthe apple blossoms are beautiful on the trees.Our climate helps this tree grow well here.

The white pine is our state tree. It is anevergreen. Many were used for lumberlong ago. The lumber helped to build lotsof homes. Michigan does not have nearlyas many white pine trees today. Ourclimate and soil help this tree grow wellhere. It grows best in the north part of thestate.

The colorful brook trout is our state fish. It isabout eight to ten inches long. Blue, green and redspots cover its sides.

22222

OUR STATE

SYMBOLS

3G5.0.1 natural resources anduse

Pine trees can be used forChristmas trees and they cangive us wood to build houses.

Trout are resources since theycan be food.

10


The state stone is the Petoskey stone. Many arefound on the beaches near the city of Petoskey.This stone is very old. Each stone is a piece ofancient coral. Coral grows in seas and oceans.

You may wonder how pieces of coral got here.It means a sea once covered this land! That was avery long time ago. Without that great sea, therewould be no Petoskey stone today. Look closely.You can see the coral pattern in the stone.

How do we get a state symbol? Our state gov-ernment in Lansing votes and says so. In 1973 itvoted to have a state gem. They chose the green-stone. You can find these little green stones on IsleRoyale (eye l roy al). This is an island in LakeSuperior. The stones are often on the beaches there.

We even have a state soil. This is the Kalkaska(kal KAS ka) soil. The state government chose thisspecial soil. That was in 1990. This helps peopleremember how important soil is to all of us.Without soil there would be no farms. We couldnot grow our food.

A while ago some students felt we should havea state reptile. The students thought about it. Thenthey said the painted turtle would be the bestchoice. In 1995 the painted turtle becameMichigan’s state reptile!

Our state symbols arenatural characteristicsof Michigan. They are

a part of nature -the outdoors.

If you have a wall map, point outIsle Royale in northern LakeSuperior and Kalkaska, which isa bit east of Traverse City.

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11


The whitetail deer is Michigan’s state gamemammal. Over a million deer live here. Theyare found in every part of the state. Many of youhave seen one.

Our state wildflower is thedwarf lake iris. This kind offlower is hard to find. It is verysmall.

We also have a state fossil.What is a fossil? A fossil was once a

living thing that has changed to stone. It takesa very long time to make a fossil. Mostfossils are found in the ground.

Mastodon bones are often found here.Those animals lived here a very long timeago. They looked like hairy elephants. Themastodon was voted the state fossil a fewyears ago.

Made by Nature or by People?Each state symbol is special to us. Each

is found here. Each one is made by nature.It is a natural characteristic of our state.The robin is made by nature. The appleblossom is made by nature. The Kalkaskasoil is made by nature.

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a mastodon

Dwarf LakeIris-CourtesyDr. DennisAlbert

Hillsdale College studentChase Beck holds two bonesfrom a mastodon. The boneswere found in Hillsdale county.

12


Michigan has human characteristics too.These are things made by humans.Men and women made them.Buildings and bridges are humancharacteristics. A road is a humancharacteristic. People made it.Another example is a school. Onthe other hand, a river is a naturalcharacteristic. It was made bynature.

Michigan’s FlagMichigan has its own state flag.Have you ever seen it? Most of theflag is bright blue. In the middle isthe Michigan State Seal.

The state seal is apicture. This picture isused by our state govern-ment. You may see it ongovernment papers or atstate offices.

The seal has an eagleholding arrows and anolive branch. There is anelk and a moose too. Thereis also a man with onehand raised. This meanspeace. In his other hand isa rifle. This means we will

The state seal.

You may direct studentsto use the Internet or anencyclopedia to reviewother state flags.

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13


defend our state. There is also a rising sun and alake on the state seal.

The seal has several words on it. Thesewords are from an old language called Latin(LAT n). One of the Latin words on the flag is“Tuebor” (sounds like- TOO-a-bor). It means“I will defend.”

How can you defend Michigan?Have you ever thought about it? Oneway is to help keep it clean. Do notleave litter along the sidewalk or play-ground. Pick up after yourself. Do notdrop gum and candy wrappers on theground. Do not leave pop cans at thepark. Recycle them instead.

Keeping Michigan clean is goodfor everyone. It is thinking about thecommon good! Thinking about thecommon good is thinking about whatis good for everyone. It is not thinkingjust about yourself. It is not beingselfish. Helping to keep Michigan cleanis helping to defend it. It is also workingfor the common good.

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COMMONGOOD

Thinking about theCOMMON GOODis a lot more thanthinking aboutjust yourself.

It is thinkingabout whatis good foreveryone!

Not just

F

zz iF

zzi

3C5.0.1 rights andresponsibilities of citizens

3P3.1.1 identify public issues

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The Bottle BillOnce there were lots of bottles and cans

thrown along our roads. It was a mess! Peoplesaid this made Michigan ugly.

Our state did something. It made a new lawin 1976. This is often called the "Bottle Bill." Itput a deposit on soda pop and other fizzybeverages. A deposit is money paid up front andgiven back when the item is returned. Today thedeposit on each bottle or can is 10 cents. Peoplepay an extra 10 cents each. They get it backwhen they return the bottles and cans to thestore. It was felt the deposit would help peopletake the bottles and cans back.

Over four billion bottles and cans go back toMichigan stores each year. Wow! The bottle billis one reason for this. The deposit helps peopledo what they should do anyway. Our state wasone of the first to have deposits. Eleven states

now have this kind ofdeposit law.

There is still trash on ourroads, but not as manybottles or cans. Should wehave laws to get rid of otherkinds of trash? Why don'tmore states have depositlaws? What do you think?

Hawaii

NORTHCAROLINA

FLORIDA

ALABAMA

CALIFORNIA

COLORADO

CONN

DELAWARE

ARKANSAS

GEORGIA

IDAHO

IOWA

KANSASKENTUCKY

LOUISIANA

MAINE

MASS

MINNESOTA

MISSISSIPPI

MISSOURI

MONTANA

NEBRASKANEVADA

NH

NEW YORK

NORTH DAKOTA

OHIO

OKLAHOMA

OREGON

PENNSYLVANIA

SOUTHCAROLINA

SOUTH DAKOTA

TENNESSEE

TEXAS

UTAH

VT

VIRGINIA

WESTVIRGINIA

WASHINGTON

WISCONSIN

WYOMING

INDIANAILLINOIS

NEW MEXICOARIZONA

MICHIGAN

MARYLAND

NEWJERSEY

States that havebottle and can deposits.

10¢

3C1.0.1 purposes ofgovernment


Ask what do theyellow states havethat the other statesdo not have? (bottledeposit laws)

3P3.1.1 identify publicissues

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LessonLessonLessonLessonLesson Teacher Notes22222

Think About It. Write About It!1. Name three of our state symbols. 3G5.0.1 (p 9-11)

2. The Petoskey stone is interesting. What does it tellus about Michigan a very long time ago? 3H3.0.1(p 9)

3. Think about a road and a river. Which one is anatural characteristic? Which one is a human charac-teristic? 2G2.0.1, 3G1.0.2 (p 12)

4. How can you help defend or protect Michigan?3P3.1.1 (p 13)

Brain StretcherDraw a picture of a new state flag for Michigan.Include at least one human characteristic and at leastone natural characteristic. 3G5.0.1

Think Like a HistorianUse the Internet to learn more about how the stateseal was made. Who made it? When was it made?Was it made with ideas borrowed from other places?3H3.0.1

Take a Stand!How can we have less litter at our parks and play-grounds? Explain your opinion. 3P3.3.1

Make a PlanMake a "do not litter plan." What will you say? Whatis the best way to share your ideas with others?3P4.2.1, 3P4.2.2

Brain StretcherStudents might pick from ourstate symbols. They couldinclude other things like theMackinac Bridge, the statecapitol or a car, too.

Think Like a HistorianLewis Cass designed the stateseal. He borrowed parts fromthe Hudson Bay company sealbelow.

Take a StandThe best thing to do is to be agood example and not litterand even pick up after others.They may have ideas to makerules against those who litter.

Make a planStudents may mention puttingup signs, having posters in theschools, making radio or cableTV announcements, passingout "Do Not Litter" buttons,etc.

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Chapter 1 Lesson 3

Ideas To Exploreclimate (kli mit)lake effect (ee fect)glacier (glay sher)persuasive essay (per sway siv • es say)public policy issue (pub lick • pol eh see • ish shoe)rivers: Where does the water from Michigan’s

rivers go?

Places To DiscoverCanada (KAN uh duh) - the large country next to usHoughton Lake (ho ton)Lake Erie (EAR ee)Lake Huron (hYOUR on)Lake MichiganLake Ontario (ON tair ee oh)Lake Superior (SUP EAR ee or)Tahquamenon Falls (TAH KWA meh non)Wisconsin (wes con sin)

Rivers To RememberGrand River - Michigan’s longest riverMenominee (meh NOM eh nee) River

Michigan

Social

Studies

GLCEs

3G1.0.2

3G5.0.1

3C5.0.1

3P3.1.1

3P3.1.3

3P3.3.1

3P4.2.1

3P4.2.2

The theme of this lesson isMichigan's water- its lakesand rivers. It discusses theimportance of keeping ourwater clean. The lessonwraps up talking aboutpublic issues in general andwriting a persuasive essay.The main GLCEs are3G5.0.1 natural resourcesand use &3P3.1.1 identify publicissues.

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The Water Around UsThink about these questions while you read.

How are lakes and rivers important to Michigan?What made the Great Lakes?

Carly and Mike are on a family trip. They pull offthe road and the car stops. Mom and Dad tell them,“Come out and look around!”

They walk over a big hill of sand and Mike says,“Wow! That is a lot of water! What is the name of thisriver?”

Carly quickly says, “That’s not a river. It’s a lake.”

Mike wants to know how she can tell the difference.

Carly explains, “Rivers do not look the same aslakes. Rivers are long and narrow. Lakes tend to be likebig, wide circles. The water in rivers flows. It movesfrom one end to the other.”

“So, what is the name of this lake?” Mike asks.

Carly smiles and says, “It is Lake Michigan. Itgives our state part of its shape.”

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photo courtesy of retired teacher Nancy Hanatyk

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The Water Around UsHow does water help give our state its

shape? We have the Great Lakes around us.The Great Lakes also split our state into twopeninsulas.

There are five Great Lakes. To remembertheir names, think HOMES. Each letter inHOMES starts the name of a Great Lake. Thelakes are: Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie andSuperior. Michigan is our home, so do not forgetHOMES! Lake Ontario is the only one that doesnot touch our state. Find it on a map.

Lake H uronLake O ntarioLake M ichiganLake E rieLake S uperior

LakeLake

michigan

Lake erie

LakeHuron

Lake Superior

Enjoy the Great Lakes!

ONTARIO

3G5.0.1 naturalresources and use

1

19


Largest and DeepestLake Superior is huge. It is

the deepest Great Lake. It hasmore area than any other freshwater lake in the world! Only thesalty oceans and seas are bigger.Lake Superior is north of theUpper Peninsula. It's water is cold allyear. Many ships have sunk in it. Whatwould it be like to see one – down in thedark, cold water?

All in the U.S.A.The only Great Lake that is all inside

the United States is Lake Michigan. Weshare the rest with Canada (KAN uhduh). Canada is the country next to us.

On the East SideLake Huron is the second

largest Great Lake. This lake is eastof Michigan. It was named after oneof the tribes who lived on its shores.

Not Very Deep Lake Erie does not get theprize as the biggest lake. It doeswin for being the most shallowof the Great Lakes. It is alsofurther south than the others.

Superior

33333

Huron

Michigan

Erie

3G1.0.2 use thematic maps

3G5.0.1 natural resourcesand use

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20


The Great Lakes and Our ClimateThe Great Lakes help our climate. We call

this the “lake effect.” Here is how it works. Inthe summer, the cool lakes keep the air frombeing so hot. It is cooled when it blows over thewater. In the winter the lakes keep us a bitwarmer. The water does not cool as fast as theland.

Rivers Fill the Great LakesHow do the Great Lakes get their

water today? It comes from rain. Somerain falls right into the Lakes. Otherrain falls on the land and runs intorivers. Rivers drain the low places andtake the water to the Lakes. All Michiganrivers flow into one of the GreatLakes.

WW

SS

EE

NN

LakeEffect

Hot summerwind coolsover the water.

Our rivers flowinto the Great Lakes.


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How Did We Get the Great Lakes?They started with lots and lots of ice. If you

had been there, you would have to look up andup to see the top. You would shiver. Sure the icemade it cold, but it was also a cold time on earth.It was too cold for the ice to melt in the summer.This ice was called a glacier.

A glacier is a thick cover of ice that doesnot melt in the summer. It gets thicker andthicker for many years. It is squeezed downfrom the North Pole. It slowly moves overthe earth.

As the great glacier movedover Michigan, it dug up the softer land.The glacier made low places. When itmelted, its water filled in the low places.They became the Great Lakes. At thesame time, the dirt it had carried with itwas left behind. This dirt made hills inthe southern part of our state.

Our Longest River

Michigan’s longest river is theGrand River. It begins in the south of Michigan. Itis very small where it starts. It runs west to reachLake Michigan. All of the state’s longest rivers gointo Lake Michigan. As the Grand River crossesthe state, it grows wider and deeper. It goesthrough some big cities, like Lansing and GrandRapids.

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Detroit River

Tahquamenon River

Grand River

St. Joseph River

HoughtonLake

SaginawRiver

Kalamazoo River

Muskegon River

Manistee River

Menominee River

Black River

GrandRapids

LansingDetroit

The Menominee River is in the UpperPeninsula. It makes part of our border withWisconsin. Wisconsin is a state west of us.

The Detroit River is over 2,000 feet wide. Thatmakes it our widest river. Can you guess where itis? It goes by Detroit, of course! Our largest cityhas the widest river.

WaterfallsThe Lower Peninsula has most of the long

rivers. The Upper Peninsula has most of thewaterfalls.

The Grand Rivernear Grand Rapids

The Detroit River

Many cities started on rivers.People often traveled on rivers.Before good roads, it was easierto go by canoe or boat.

The MenomineeRiver


23


Michigan’s biggest waterfall is in the easternUpper Peninsula. Its name is TahquamenonFalls (tah KWAH meh non). It has two parts. Atthe tallest part, the water falls 48 feet. That is likefive classrooms stacked on top of each other!

Many Small Lakes!Michigan has thousands of

small lakes. These lakes aregreat for fishing. People alsolike to sail their boats on them.Visitors come here from faraway to enjoy these lakes.

The state’s largest lakeinside Michigan is HoughtonLake (HO ton). Can you findit on a map? It is in the LowerPeninsula. People enjoy boat-ing there in the summer. Theylike to ice fish there in thewinter. Some also ride snowmobileson it when it is frozen.

Be Careful and Keep It CleanOur lakes and rivers are wonderful

things. They give us water to drink. Theygive us places to use our boats and tofish. They can be places to swim or havepicnics. They can supply water used tomake products we buy. All of this water is awonderful resource for our state.

Tahquamenon Falls-Photo CourtesyJanice McConnell

3G5.0.1 natural resourcesand use

5

24


So, we need to be careful with our lakes andrivers. Do not waste the water. Keep the waterclean. We should not throw junk and garbageinto them. We want to have lots of good waterfor a long time.

How lakes and rivers are used can be apublic policy issue. All the people, the public,are concerned. An issue is something importantto people. An issue has at least two sides to it.Some people may want to build homes around alake. Other people may want no homes around alake. They think it is pretty and peaceful withouthomes. People must decide which is best. Thenthey can make a policy or law about it.

When we talk about issues, weneed to explain our stand. Often wecan talk to others to do this. Some-times we need to write our ideas. Weneed to do this with care so peopleknow what we mean. We need topersuade them. This means we wantthem to see things our way. We willwrite down our stand clearly. Wewill write an essay- a persuasiveessay.

BeBeBeBeBe

careful.careful.careful.careful.careful.

3P3.1.3 conflicts over CDVslead people to differ

3P3.3.1 express a position ona public policy issue

Page 25Be a GeographerThe Grand River starts innorthern Hillsdale County andpasses through Jackson, Lan-sing and Grand Rapids. Someother long rivers with large cit-ies are the Kalamazoo Riverwith Battle Creek, Kalamazooand Allegan; the St. JosephRiver with Niles and St.Joseph; the Muskegon Riverwith Big Rapids andMuskegon; the Huron River isnot as long, but it has Ann Ar-bor and Ypsilanti.

Take a Stand!We should share. This wouldbe for the common good of theUnited States. Everyone mustwork together to make ourcountry strong.

25



1. Name the five Great Lakes. Underline the onestouching Michigan. 3G1.0.2 (answer on p 18-19)

2. Name the world's largest freshwater lake in area.

3. How is our climate affected by the Great Lakes?

4. Name Michigan’s longest river. 3G1.0.2 (p 21)

5. Which peninsula has our biggest waterfalls?6. How did a glacier give Michigan its shape?

Be a GeographerStudy a map of Michigan. Find the

Grand River and follow its path. Findanother long river. Write its name andthe name of one large city along it.

Take a Stand!Here is a public policy

issue. Other states do not haveas much water as Michigan.Should we give them waterfrom the Great Lakes? Write apersuasive essay. Explain yourstand. 3C5.0.1, 3P3.1.1, 3P3.3.1

Think about sharing yourstand with others. What is thebest way to do this? Where isthe best place to do it? Whenis the best time to share it?

MICHIGAN

MICHIGANMICHIGAN

MICHIGAN

Should welet itgo to otherplaces?

S

N

EW

SESW

NENW

GEOGRAPHY

3G4.0.1 (p 19)

3G4.0.1 (p 20)

3G4.0.2 (p 22-23) 3H3.0.1 (p 21)

3G1.0.2

3P4.2.1(p 24)

Or:Sharing can hurt Michigan. Itwould no longer be the same.There would be less water inthe Great Lakes. The beacheswould not be the same. Therewould be fewer fish. Theremight not be enough drink-ing water. The climate canchange. Crops may not growso well if the climatechanged. We know they needwater, but so many peopleshould not live in thoseplaces. They should move toMichigan where water isavailable!

In order to share our standwe must write it clearly.After we do that, we cane-mail it to people we know.We can send it to people ingovernment so they knowwhat we think. We can sendit to a newspaper or maga-zine for them to print. Maybewe can talk about our standon radio or television.

26


Chapter 1 Lesson 4

Ideas To ExploreCompare our two peninsulas.

Neighbors To KnowIndiana (IN dee AN ah)Ohio (OH hi oh)Wisconsin (wes con sin)

Places To DiscoverAnn ArborDearbornDetroit (dee TROYt)Escanaba (ES can ah ba)FlintGrand RapidsLivonia (liv own ee uh)Marquette (mar KETT)Monroe (mun row)Mt. Arvon (mount, like mountain) (ar von)Porcupine Mountains (por kyou pine)Sault Ste. Marie (soo SAYnt ma ree) - Ste. standsfor SaintSt. Ignace (SAYnt IG ness) - St. stands for SaintSterling Heights (stir ling • hites)Warren (war in)

Words to Welcomecapitalcoppercounties (KOUN tees)featureironregion (REE jun)

Words to Welcome

Michigan

Social

Studies

GLCEs

3H3.0.1

3G1.0.1

3G1.0.2

3G2.0.1

3G2.0.2

3G4.0.2

3G5.0.1

This lesson continues tofocus on the basics of thestate's geography.

Students will learn moreabout natural (physical)characteristics such as thehighest and lowest placesand human characteris-tics such as our cities.

The concept of regions isintroduced. Studentslearn Michigan is a partof the Great Lakes Regionand that the state can bedivided into smallerregions too.

The main GLCEs are3G2.0.1 divide Michiganinto regions,3G2.0.2 Michigan belongsto these regions &3G5.0.1 natural resourcesand use

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Be Michigan Map SmartThink about this question while you read.

How has Michigan’s geography affectedthe way people live?

Suzy says, “I want to be a geographer someday!”

Luke asks, “What on earth is a geographer?”

“Well, Luke, you have part of the answer al-ready,” Suzy says.

Luke asks, “What do you mean, Suzy?”

Suzy adds, “Geographers study the earth. Theylike to read maps and learn about the land. Ireally like maps. I can learn a lot from maps. I cansee where to find cities. I can learn where to findthe high places- the mountains. I can find the lowplaces- the valleys. I can see lakes and discoverislands.”

“Okay, Suzy, I want to learnmore about geography too. Iwant to look at a map andfind where we are,” saysLuke.

Suzy points to a map,“See, Michigan is in thenorthern part of the UnitedStates. It is not in the far west. Itis not on the east side. It is near themiddle. What else do you see?”

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GEOGRAPHY

NORTHCAROLINA

FLORIDA

ALABAMA

CALIFORNIA

COLORADO

CONN

DELAWARE

ARKANSAS

GEORGIA

IDAHO

IOWA

KANSASKENTUCKY

LOUISIANA

MAINE

MASS

MINNESOTA

MISSISSIPPI

MISSOURI

MONTANA

NEBRASKANEVADA

NH

NEW YORK

NORTH DAKOTA

OHIO

OKLAHOMA

OREGON

PENNSYLVANIA

SOUTHCAROLINA

SOUTH DAKOTA

TENNESSEE

TEXAS

UTAH

VT

VIRGINIA

WESTVIRGINIA

WASHINGTON

WISCONSIN

WYOMING

INDIANAILLINOIS

NEW MEXICOARIZONA

MICHIGAN

MARYLAND

NEWJERSEY

WW

SS

EE

NN

3G1.0.1 usecardinal directions

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Michigan has four neighbors. Three of themare other states. These states touch Michigan.Ohio (OH hi oh) and Indiana (IN dee AN ah)are to the south. The third is Wisconsin.

The fourth neighbor isCanada. Canada is a countrylike the United States. It isnorth and east of us. Find it ona map. What do these twocountries share? Canada andthe United States share theGreat Lakes!

Three rivers form the borderbetween Canada and us. To reach

Canada you mustcross a river. Bridgesmake this easy to do.

The land of our stateand Canada do not touch.

Michigan and Canada are friends. Youcan cross the border any time. Some peoplego on trips to Canada. Many products areshipped between us.

Our Big CitiesMost people in our state live in cities. The

largest city is Detroit (dee TROYt). Over 800,000people live there. It is the 11th largest city in the

The bridge to Canadaat Port Huron.

The flag of Canada

ILLINOISILLINOIS

WISCONSINWISCONSIN

INDIANAINDIANA OHIOOHIO

MICHIGAN

MICHIGANMICHIGAN

MICHIGAN

CANADACANADA

Michigan's NeighborsMichigan's Neighbors 2

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United States. Detroit began over 300years ago, but it is not our oldest city. Itis in the Lower Peninsula. Detroit is nearCanada. Find it on a map.

Our second largest city is not as bigas Detroit. It is much smaller. This isGrand Rapids. It is west of Detroit.Almost 200,000 people live in GrandRapids. It is in the western part of theLower Peninsula. Grand Rapids wasstarted about 170 years ago.

Check out the map that showsour state at night. The light seenfrom space lets you see wherepeople live. You can see much lightaround Detroit. Many of Michigan’speople live nearby. There are otherlarge cities within a few miles. Oneof these is Warren. It is our thirdlargest city. Some other big cities areAnn Arbor, Dearborn, Livonia andSterling Heights. They are all nearDetroit. Can you find them on themap? Why do you think so manypeople live near Detroit?

Do not forget Lansing. It has about120,000 people. Lansing is our state capital.This is the city where our state laws are made.The governor’s office is in Lansing.

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Downtown Detroit.

A picture of Michigan at night from outerspace. Lights show where people liveand where our cities are.


This map shows whatMichigan looks like atnight from outerspace. The brighter thearea the more lightsare being used andmore people live inthat place. You mayhave students com-pare this map with thepopulation map on 33.

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Flint is also a large city. Flint is almost thesame size as Lansing. For a long time Flint hasbeen known for making cars and trucks.

Look at the Upper Peninsula. The cities aremuch smaller there. The largest is Marquette(mar KETT). It started in 1850. About 20,000people live there. It is near the center of thepeninsula. South of Marquette is Escanaba(ES can ah ba). Head to the east. You will findanother large city. It is Sault Ste. Marie (sooSAYnt ma ree).

Which is the oldest city in Michigan? This isSault Ste. Marie. It began in 1668. That was along time ago! Nearby is St. Ignace (SAYnt IGness), the second oldest Michigan city. It beganin 1671.

Compare Our PeninsulasCompare Our PeninsulasCompare Our PeninsulasCompare Our PeninsulasCompare Our Peninsulas

CLIMATE:The Upper Peninsula is colder. This is because

it is farther north. It has much snow. There mightbe 20 feet of snow in one winter! That is almostenough to cover a house! Most of the LowerPeninsula has less than five feet each winter. TheUpper Peninsula also has a short season to growcrops. Some crops will not grow well there becauseit can get so cold. Corn does not grow very wellthere.

Michiganhas the oldestcity in theMidwest. It isSault Ste.Marie!

3H3.0.1 historianquestions

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Sault Ste. Marie

WarrenLivonia

Ann ArborDearborn

Muskegon

Jackson

Lansing

Flint Port Huron

Pontiac

Detroit

Grand Haven

Holland

Grand Rapids

Kalamazoo

Benton Harbor

Mt. Pleasant MidlandBay City

Saginaw

Battle Creek

Traverse City

Cadillac

Ludington

Gaylord

Grayling

St. Ignace

Mackinaw City

PetoskeyCheboygan

Alpena

MarquetteIronwood

Iron River

Iron MountainEscanaba

Houghton

Menominee

Manistee

Hillsdale

EE

Michigan's CitiesLarger selected cities shown.

The size of the dot gives a roughidea of how many people live there.

SS

NN

WW

0 100 miles 200 miles

Our cities are humancharacteristics of

Michigan. They werebuilt by people-

humans.

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3G1.0.1 use cardinaldirections


You may want toexplain to your studentsthat every Michiganmap has a built inmileage scale. Noticethe southern border hasa jog at about 100 milesfrom Lake Michigan.

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Our highest point!

ourlowestpoint!

Grand River

Michigan's &HighLow Places

- A topographical map-

Mt. Arvon inthe distance

PorcupineMountains

Mt. Arvon

NearMonroe

The Lake of the Clouds

LAND:Which peninsula has the most

land? Is it the upper or thelower? The answer is the lower.It looks like a mitten on the map.It has a lot of land. It could makeabout two and one-half UpperPeninsulas!

MOUNTAINS: The Upper Peninsula has the

mountains! The land there is thehighest. This is where you findMt. Arvon. Mt. Arvon is aboutas tall as 100 houses on top ofeach other. This seems very tall,

but it is small for a mountain. Some mountainsin our country are ten times taller!

This peninsula also has the PorcupineMountains. You will find them about as farwest as you can go in our state. They arevery close to Lake Superior. The tribes feltthe shape looks like a porcupine. Somepeople call them the “Porkies.” The Porkies

are in a state park. You can drive to the top andsee the Lake of the Clouds.

THE LOWEST PLACE:The lowest land in Michigan is along the

shore of Lake Erie. This is near Monroe (munrow). Which part of the state has that area?


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Wayne

Oakland

Kent

GeneseeMacomb

Check a map. You will find it far to thesoutheast (SE).

CITIES: The Lower Peninsula has more cities and

some of them are quite large. More people livein the Lower Peninsula. Look at the green mapchart. Can you think of reasons so many peoplelive in that part of the state?

USEFUL METALS:The Upper Peninsula is known for two

metals. It has copper and iron. Copperis used to make wire tocarry electric power. Yourhouse has copper wire. Itgoes to the plugs where youget power. For a long timemuch copper was minedthere. The copper broughta lot of people to the area.They started towns aroundthe copper mines. The mines are closed now. Thecopper is buried deep in the earth. It costs less tomine it in other places.

Iron is still mined there. Iron is used to makefrying pans, cars and other products. Your bikeis probably made of iron. Nails are made fromiron. Many people came to get jobs becausethere was iron. They worked in the iron mines.Towns grew up around the iron mines.

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copper wire

iron pans

The mostpeople livein this county.

Each city

is in a

county.

The map

shows

Michigan's

83 counties.


To help studentsbetter understand thistype of map, havethem stand in 3 or 4unequal groups. Placestacks of toy blocks onyour desk to show thenumber of students ineach group. Thegroup with the moststudents will have thetallest stack, much likethe map on the left.

3G5.0.1 naturalresources and use

3G4.0.2 groups whocame here and why

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Jobs in the mines brought peoplenorth. They went to the Upper Penin-sula. They moved there to find work.Without the copper and iron, theywould not have gone. No metals aremined in the Lower Peninsula.

What Is A Region?

Some people like geography. They study it.They think about the earth. They think about itsland and water. They may study a region (REEjun). A region is an area of land or sometimes water.All parts of a region share a feature. The feature canbe a natural one or a human one. A road is a humanfeature. A river is a natural one.

Think of regions this way. At home,your kitchen is one region. Your garage isanother. All the things in the kitchen areabout food or eating. The garage is for yourcar. The main feature of the kitchen is food.The main feature of the garage is cars.

Men and boyson a pile ofrocks outsidea Michiganmine.Photo fromLibrary ofCongress.

A river isa naturalfeature.

A road is a human feature.

Toaster fromthe kitchen "region."

Tire fromthe garage"region."

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All of the states that touch the Great Lakescan be part of the same region- the Great Lakesregion. These states share the Great Lakes.Which states do you think are in the Great LakesRegion? They are Michigan, Ohio, Indiana,Illinois and Wisconsin.The Great Lakes are anatural feature. Each state has some of the samefeatures due to the Great Lakes. As an example,they all have beaches.

Let’s Split Michigan Into RegionsCan we split our state into two regions? Yes,

we can. Each peninsula can be its own region.Each one is quite different. The Upper Peninsula

ILLINOISILLINOIS

WISCONSINWISCONSIN

INDIANAINDIANA OHIOOHIO

MICHIGAN

MICHIGANMICHIGAN

MICHIGAN

GREAT LAKESREGION

THE GREAT LAKESREGION

THE

Meet Reggie Region. He has 4 partsto his body. Each one shares his heart.This is like the states that touchMichigan sharing the Great Lakes.All parts of a region share something.

REGGIE

REGION1

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The Reggie Regioncharacter is to helpstudents realize allparts of a region sharesomething. The pic-ture shows him with aheart and all parts ofhis body share hisheart. If Reggie wererepresenting the GreatLakes region, his heartwould be replaced bythe Great Lakes.

3G2.0.2 Michiganbelongs to theseregions

The Great LakesRegion is covered hereand the Midwest iscovered later.

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has many natural features. It has miles and milesof forests. There are also dozens of lakes. Thewhole peninsula shares these features. All of theLower Peninsula shares big cities and busy high-ways. It has many human features. This is howour state can be split into two regions.

THE UPPER PENINSULA REGION

THE LOWER PENINSULA REGIONTHE LOWER PENINSULA REGION

wildlife forests

mountains

waterfalls

mostpeople

trafficcities

industry

longest rivers

Michigan As Michigan As Michigan As Michigan As Michigan As 22222 RegionsRegionsRegionsRegionsRegions

3G2.0.1 divideMichigan into regions

Page 37Brain StretchersDetroit has 800,000 people;Grand Rapids has 200,000people.

Think like a GeographerThe simple map can showany road in Michigan andany city as two humancharacteristics. A bridgewould be another humancharacteristic. The mapcan show any lake and anyriver as two natural char-acteristics. Other naturalcharacteristics are moun-tains, sand dunes andswamps.

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1. Name the three states that touch Michigan.

2. Name the country that is next to Michigan.

3. Name the two largest cities in our state. Which isnearest to you? 2G2.0.2 (p 29-29)

4. Why did people move to the Upper Peninsula?

5. What is a region? 3G2.0.1, 3G2.0.2 (p 34)

6. How can our state be split into two regions?

7. What do the states in the Great Lakes Regionshare? 3G2.0.2 (p 35)

Brain Stretchers

Compare Michigan’s two largest cities. Make agraph. Show about how many people live in eachplace. Be sure to label your graph. 3G1.0.2 (p 28-29)

Think like a GeographerMake a map of Michigan. Show two human

characteristics (things made by people). Also showtwo natural characteristics (things made by nature).

Explain this. How has Michigan’s geographyaffected the way people live? 3G1.02, 3G5.0.2

Think Like a historian

Make a timeline. Show when threeMichigan cities started. Label each city.Write the date by each city on your timeline.

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3G1.0.1, 2G2.0.2 (p 28)

3G1.0.1, 2G2.0.2 (p28)

3G4.0.2 (p 34)

3G2.0.1 (p 35-36)

3G1.0.2

3H3.0.10

Think like a Geographer cont...People often do things related tothe geography around them. Ifthey live along the Great Lakes,they may fish or enjoy boating.They may work unloading shipsor even work on a ship. If they livenear a place with iron under theground, they may work in a mine.If they live near many trees, theymay be in the lumber business. Ifthey live near big hills, they maylike to ski in the winter.

Think Like a HistorianThe timeline can include the fol-lowing: Sault Ste. Marie wasstarted in 1668; St. Ignace startedin 1671; Detroit was started in1701; Grand Rapids was startedabout 1826 and Marquette startedin 1849. (Sometimes the foundingdates for towns vary dependingon whether historians count thefirst fur trader to work there, thefirst settler to build a cabin or thefirst missionary to visit.)

(Note: Students may include theirtown or city if they have the cor-rect information.)

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Chapter 1Chapter 1Chapter 1Chapter 1Chapter 1Teacher Notes See Our State !

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The red lines in the GreatLakes show Michigan'sborders. Large parts of theGreat Lakes are in Michigan.

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1. Mackinac Bridge

2. Tahquamenon Falls

3. Pictured Rocks

4. An old coppermine near Ontonagon

5. A lighthouse at Escanaba

6. A sand dune at Pentwater-the little dots are cars!

7. A train at The HenryFord in Dearborn

8. Comerica Park- abaseball park in Detroit

3G1.0.2 usethematic maps

Talk about how this mapworks. Help students tounderstand each photo isa place on the map andthe same number is forthe photo and for thelocation.

Discuss the questions atthe end of page 39.

Ask students if they see aplace they would like tovisit.

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Themes of

GeographyLocation: Where is it?

Place: What is it like there?

Each place has natural characteristics.These are part of nature. They can be rocks,rivers, sand dunes or beaches. Each place hashuman characteristics. These are things madeby people. They can be roads or bridges. Theycan be lighthouses or stadiums.

People- Nature Interaction: How have peopleinteracted with nature there? Did people makechanges? Did they build a road? Did people usewhat nature provided there? Did they cut downtrees to make a house? Did they catch fish? Didpeople change or adapt because of what naturehad there?

Movement: How did people, goods or ideasmove to or from this place?

Region: Do other places have things incommon with this place? These could be madeby nature. These could be made by people.

Have you visited any place on page 38? Where isthat place? What did you see that nature put there? Whatdid you see that people put there? How did you get there?

How is that place like your town or city?

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3G4.0.3 current move-ments of goods, people,etc.

3G2.0.1 divide Michiganinto regions3G2.0.2 Michigan belongsto these regions

te meet mi chap 1*

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