TEACHING TEACHING APPROACHES APPROACHES

IT’S YOUR CHOICE IT’S YOUR CHOICE

You decide on the instructional You decide on the instructional approach & strategy approach & strategy

You decide what is appropriate –You decide what is appropriate –given the needs of the learner, the given the needs of the learner, the learning outcomes and the resources learning outcomes and the resources available available

The teacher is the instructional The teacher is the instructional decision-maker decision-maker

Teaching Approaches Teaching Approaches

Transmissive –Knowledge & Skills Transmissive –Knowledge & Skills presented to student presented to student

Transactional – Students actively Transactional – Students actively engaged in their learning engaged in their learning

Transformative – Students form their Transformative – Students form their own understanding about the own understanding about the learning – Constructivism learning – Constructivism

TEACHING METHODSTEACHING METHODS

• Direct Instruction Direct Instruction • Indirect Instruction Indirect Instruction • Interactive Instruction Interactive Instruction • Experiential Learning Experiential Learning • Independent StudyIndependent Study

Research indicates that individuals Research indicates that individuals retain about:retain about:

10% of what they read10% of what they read 20% of what they hear 20% of what they hear 30% of what they see30% of what they see 50% of what they both hear and use50% of what they both hear and use 70% of what they say 70% of what they say 90% of what they say and do 90% of what they say and do

DIRECT INSTRUCTIONDIRECT INSTRUCTION

Teacher Directed Teacher Directed Transmissive Transmissive Strategies/Methods includeStrategies/Methods include

• LectureLecture• Explicit Teaching Explicit Teaching • Structured OverviewStructured Overview• Compare and Contrast Compare and Contrast • Didactic Questions Didactic Questions • Drill & Practice Drill & Practice • Activating Prior Knowledge –cues, questions, advance Activating Prior Knowledge –cues, questions, advance

organizersorganizers• Demonstrations Demonstrations • Guides for Reading, Listening, Viewing Guides for Reading, Listening, Viewing

INDIRECT INSTRUCTION INDIRECT INSTRUCTION Teacher Planned Teacher Planned More student involvement – student not just a passive More student involvement – student not just a passive

listener listener Moving from Transmissive to Transactive & TransformativeMoving from Transmissive to Transactive & Transformative Strategies/Methods includeStrategies/Methods include

• Problem-solvingProblem-solving• Document AnalysisDocument Analysis• Concept Formation/MappingConcept Formation/Mapping• Case Studies Case Studies • InquiryInquiry• Summarizing & Note-taking Summarizing & Note-taking • Reading for Meaning Reading for Meaning • Reflective Discussion Reflective Discussion • Creating Nonlinguistic Representations – graphic organizers, Creating Nonlinguistic Representations – graphic organizers,

images, sketches etc. images, sketches etc.

INTERACTIVE INSTRUCTION INTERACTIVE INSTRUCTION Teacher or Student Designed Teacher or Student Designed Students interact with other students, guests, peers, community Students interact with other students, guests, peers, community

members, othersmembers, others Transactive and Transformative Transactive and Transformative Strategies/Methods include Strategies/Methods include

• DebatesDebates• Role PlayingRole Playing• Panels Panels • Brainstorming Brainstorming • Peer Practice Peer Practice • Discussion Discussion • Laboratory Groups Laboratory Groups • Co-operative Learning Groups Co-operative Learning Groups • Problem Solving/Study Groups Problem Solving/Study Groups • Tutorial Groups Tutorial Groups • Group Research Projects Group Research Projects • Interviewing Interviewing

EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING Teacher/student planned Teacher/student planned Students involved in simulated or real life experiences Students involved in simulated or real life experiences Transactive and Transformative Transactive and Transformative Strategies/Methods include:Strategies/Methods include:

• Historical Drama Historical Drama • Role Playing Role Playing • Field Trips such as visits to historical sites, museums, archives, Field Trips such as visits to historical sites, museums, archives,

otherother• Conducting Experiments Conducting Experiments • Generating & Testing Hypothesis Generating & Testing Hypothesis • SimulationsSimulations• Games Games • Model Building Model Building • Surveys Surveys

INDEPENDENT STUDY INDEPENDENT STUDY Student works independently Student works independently Teacher may give assistance if neededTeacher may give assistance if needed Transmissive, Transactive and Transformative Transmissive, Transactive and Transformative Strategies/Methods include:Strategies/Methods include:

• Computer Assisted InstructionComputer Assisted Instruction• Anchor ActivitiesAnchor Activities• Distance Education Distance Education • Essays/reports Essays/reports • Learning Activity PackageLearning Activity Package• Correspondence LessonsCorrespondence Lessons• Learning Contracts Learning Contracts • Homework Homework • Independent Research Projects Independent Research Projects • Learning Centres Learning Centres

IT’S YOUR CHOICEIT’S YOUR CHOICE You decide which approach and which You decide which approach and which

strategy will work best for the given strategy will work best for the given situation – the needs of the learner, the situation – the needs of the learner, the nature of the learning outcome and the nature of the learning outcome and the resources you have availableresources you have available

Remember Remember Time is a resource – you will need to Time is a resource – you will need to

consider the time it takes for some consider the time it takes for some strategies – Is the time it takes worth the strategies – Is the time it takes worth the end result? end result?

It’s your decision It’s your decision