techniques_to minimize waste rock-adrian_florea

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Techniques applicable to minimize theTechniques applicable to minimize the

amount of waste generation atamount of waste generation atcommercial scale mining operationscommercial scale mining operations

Adrian FLOREAMining Engineering Faculty

University of Petrosani - ROMANIA

Workshop SAFEMANMIN Project17 18 January 2008 Vienna


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FACTSFACTS

Mining industry is known to be amongst themain producer of industrial wastes aroundthe world

The mining wastes are the result of:

- Open pit mining activity;

- Underground mining activity;

- Mineral processing of various types of ores


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- Open pit mining activities suppose a largeamount of sterile rock excavation fromopening works and overburden

- The amount of sterile rock is highlyinfluenced by geotechnical condition of

deposit and particularly by stripping ratio

- One way for reducing the harmful effect on theenvironment is to build the waste dump inside

the exploited area of mining perimeter or aneighborhoods perimeter (example Oltenialignite basin - ROMANIA


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Open pit exploitation method with transport ofsterile rock to inside waste dump


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General view of open pit exploitation method with

transport of sterile rock to inside waste dump


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Oltenia lignite basin - ROMANIA


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Distribution of mining perimeters in Oltenia lignite basin


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Mining perimeters in Gorj county - Oltenia basin


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Mining perimeters from Rovinari area - Gorj county


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- In case of underground mining methods, oneway to reduce the amount of mining wastegenerated by commercial operations is

stowing the exploited space

- Stowing material could be sterile generated

by underground working, overburden fromopen pits or slurry form mineral processingplant located nearby

- As filling material can be used also industrialnontoxic wastes


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Underground horizontal slice exploitation methodwith stowing exploited space


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Special and non-conventional mining techniques

Exploitation with digging installationPlacement of boreholes and pillars

1.The exploitation of coal and ore deposits from the outcrop ore,

thin seams and edge open pit areas


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Exploitation of thin seams with extraction shearers


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Exploitation of coal seams located under building with screwinstallation extraction shearers


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Special drilling

installation for coal

seams extraction at theedge of open casts


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2. Dissolution exploitation methods for the extraction of halite


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3. The exploitation of

sand deposits with

boreholes using the air-lift method for sandevacuation


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4. Melting exploitation

method for sulfurdeposit


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5. Sublimationexploitation method

Appliable tomercury sulfide (HgS),

ruby sulfur (AsS sublimates at

327 Celsius),antimony (Sb2S3),tellurite (TeO2),

auripigment (As2S3

sublimates at 450 Celsius)etc.


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6. Underground coal gasification


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7. The chemical bacterial leaching of the metal ore


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CONCLUSIONS

Each of these mining methods supposes specific

geotechnical condition in order to be applied

Utilization of secondary raw products (clay, sand, gravel orsmall grain size etc.) obtained during the extraction of mainproduct in order to minimize the amount of waste

Along time was developed techniques related toclassical

open pit and underground mining activities but also specialand nonconventional techniques for rocks and useful mineral

extraction


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Thank you forThank you for

your patienceyour patience

!!

Workshop SAFEMANMIN Project17 18 January 2008 Vienna

techniques_to minimize waste rock-adrian_florea

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