1. 1. Technology, Business and Regulation of the Connected CarAlison ChaikenJohn KenneyMentor Embedded SoftwareToyota InfoTechnology Centeralison_chaiken@mentor.comjkenney@us.toyota-itc.commentor.com/embedded Android is a trademark of Google Inc. Use of this trademark is subject to Google Permissions. Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.
2. 2. Agenda Alison: Connected vehicle safety and traffic managementConnection modalities: LTE, 802.11p, SMS, satellite . . . John:V2X Protocols and spectrumSecurity and scalability Alison: Available HW and SW2European and U.S. pilot projects Immediate prospects 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
3. 3. V2X TerminologyVehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)On Board Unit (US) = ITS Vehicle Station (EU)Road Side Unit (US) = ITS Roadside Station (EU)Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) = automated tolling in E.U. but safety messages in U.S.3 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
4. 4. 4 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
5. 5. Killer App: Green-light optimal speed advisoryGLOSA will allow drivers to set optimal green-signal speed. 5 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
6. 6. 802.11p vs. LTE vs. Satellite and FM 802.11p is the only low-latency safety channel.LTE has the largest install base and is industry-funded.Terrestrial and satellite radio, data-over-voice, SMS also:+ 63G (UMTS) already employed in simTD (Germany) and Smart In-Car (Netherlands). Telcos are investing heavily. Takeaway: latency and reliability more important than data transfer speed. 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
7. 7. John: V2X protocols and spectrum Security and scalability7 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
8. 8. Available V2X Hardware and Software8 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
9. 9. Manufacturers of 802.11p radios NXP/CohdaCisco/Cohda WirelessCommsignia (BSD-based)DensoDelphiSavariKapschSiemensUNEXAutoTalksAradaDGE9NECComponentalityUNEX DCMA-86P2 miniPCIcollected by Alexandru Petrescu, cea.fr 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
10. 10. RSUs and OBUs are mostly OpenWRT (Linux) routers In-vehicleRoadside802.11p chipsets made by Atheros, Ralink, Cohda/NXPImage: IntelliDrive Technology based Yellow Onset Decision Assistance System for Trucks, Sharma et al. 10 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
11. 11. Recently completed field trials: Safety Pilot, simTD, Smart In-Car11 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
12. 12. Safety Pilot trial in Ann Arbor MI Originally 8/2012-8/2013, but extended.2800 cars, trucks and buses from 7 automakers.64 embedded systems, 300 aftermarke, rest transmit-only.NHTSA decision expected in December 2013. 12Notice of Proposed Rule Making likely late 2014 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
13. 13. Source: M. Lukuc, Connected Vehicle Public Meeting
14. 14. E.U.'s Safe Intelligent MobilityTest Area Germany (simTD) Pilot Opel; Audi; BMW; Daimler; Ford; VW; Bosch; Conti; Deutsche Telekom, plus govs and unis.120 vehicles and 3 motorcycles plus RSUs.Data collection 2012-6/2013, 41K hrs and 1.65M km.2015: Cooperative ITS Corridor Rotterdam - Frankfurt am Main Vienna 14Features Roadworks Warning and Detection of Traffic Conditions. 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
15. 15. Architecture of simTDUnlike SafetyPilot, includes Central Station and emphasizes V2I. 15 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
16. 16. Near Future16 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
17. 17. Conclusions V2X is a key enabler of vehicle autonomy. Enormous potential to improve safety and optimize traffic flow. Burgeoning opportunities for HW, SW, backhaul, analytics . . .17Extensive government investment in EU and U.S. Now is a great time to get involved. 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
18. 18. Resources ITSSv6, CALM, ETSI, ISO C-ITSSAE, IEEE, ISO, IETF, FCC, NHTSA standardsIETF-ITS mailing listComponentality's FlexRoadAutomotive Grade LinuxTelematics News, Wired Autopia18simTD, Safety Pilot, Smart In-Carslideshare.net/chaiken 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
19. 19. Extras
20. 20. Componentality: open-source 802.11p stack: the bluez of DSRC?Source: Using Open Source Solutions for V2V and V2I Communications, Automotive Grade Linux webinar 20 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
21. 21. 802.11p (WAVE) vs. other Comms Modes Lower-overhead protocol for safety messages.No access point (AP) and no basic service set (BSS) Too much delay for moving vehicles.Lower latency than 802.11a/b/g/n, LTE or satellite. Half-width channels; always ad hoc.Up to 33 dBm (~1 km) in E.U. and 44 dBm in U.S.21Message priorities 0-7.No upstream Linux driver. 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
22. 22. Why V2V needs low latencySource: J. Harding, Connected Vehicle Public Meeting
23. 23. Dual protocol stacks of simTD Based on ETSI ITS G5 plus GeoNetworking. ManagementApplicationsTransportNetworkPhysical Communication TechnologiesFrom Automotive Internetworking, courtesy M. Bechler, BMW. 23 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
24. 24. simTD's vehicle stations Linux router + Windows XP HostRef.: H. Stbing et al., IEEE Comm. 148 (2010).24 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
25. 25. Linux in V2 I : Advanced Transportation Controller (ATC) Applications: GLOSA; Traffic Surveillance; Ramp Meter; Dynamic Message Signs; Weather monitor; Weigh stations; Rail intersections; Lane usage controls; Roadworks warning . . .Source: Institute for Traffic Engineers
26. 26. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) work on Geonetworking and ITS 3 draft standards in preparation Geonetworking (submitted) 'Scenarios and Requirements for IP in Intelligent Transportation Systems' (submitted) IPv6 over 802.11p (particular GENIVI interest) V2X (with MANET working group of IETF?)chief organizer: Alex Petrescu of CEA26Info: https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/itsin contact with GENIVI Networking Expert Group 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
27. 27. Special cases Transit-service vehiclesEmergency respondersOver-the-air software updatesAgricultural equipmentFleet vehiclesRental cars and many more.27 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
28. 28. Safety Pilot's transit vehicle systemSource: S. Mortensen, Connected Vehicle Public Meeting
29. 29. 29 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded
30. 30. Safety Pilot participants Roadside: Arada, Kapsch, ITRI,.Cohda/Cisco, Savari In-vehicle: AutoTalks, Cohda, Denso, DGE, ITRI, Savari, Arada Aftermarket Safety Devices: Cohda/Delphi, Cohda/Visteon , Denso, Kapsch Automakers: GM, Ford, Toyota, Honda, VW, Daimler, Hyundai and Nissan30 2013 Mentor Graphics Corp. Company Confidentialmentor.com/embedded