technology development alternative fuels - engerati scharff_axens.pdf · wra 13th annual european...

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Technology Development within

Alternative Fuels

Yves Scharff

2WRA 13th Annual European Fuels – Paris - 15 March 2012

Axens and Alternative Fuels

Axens Renewable Iso-paraffins Route

Agenda

Introduction


Why Alternative Fuels ?

• Environmental Regulation• By 2020, 10% of renewable energy should be incorporated

into transportation sector (from renewable sources: biofuels, electricity, H2, etc.) (2009/28/EC)

• Diesel pool challenges • FAME incorporation limited to 7 % for diesel (EN590)

• Jet Fuel challenges • Aviation integration into EU ETS (Emission Trading

Scheme)• Reduce Pressure on Petroleum Resources

• Crude oil reserves are limited• Air traffic expected to double by 2020/25• Reduce Risk on Energy Security of Supply

• Reduce Carbon Footprint of Transportation• Use short cycle carbon sources (i.e. biomass)• Carbon free energy for transportation still to come


Alternative Fuels Challenges

Preferred Alternative Fuels for Transportation are Hydrocarbon Liquids

(density of energy, compatibility with existing fleets)

• Large alternative carbon sources are gaseous or solid (natural gas, coal, ligno-cellulosic biomass, waste)

• They are often containing much morethan Carbon and Hydrogen (oxygen, impurities)


0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

2005 2008 2011est.

2015est.

2020est.

2025est.

2030est.

Mbdoe

Biodiesel (FAME + HEFA)

0.80 Mbdoe

Axens EstimatesBiojet + Biodiesel 2005 - 2030

BtL 0.20 Mbdoe

Source: Axens estimates (2011)

BtL = Biodiesel from Biomass to Liquids ; FAME = Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ; HEFA = Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids

Biojet (HEFA)0.43 Mbdoe

• Biodiesel contribution to on-road diesel supply • ~ 5.1% by 2030 (2.3% today, ~ 4.5% by 2020) • ~ 12% of 2010-2030 incremental demand

• Biojet contribution to jet fuel supply • ~ 6.5% by 2030 (0% today, ~ 1% by 2020) • ~ 20% of 2010-2030 incremental demand



Agenda

Introduction



Markets Served & Ambitions

Ambitions• Benchmark company for Clean Fuels and Aromatics production,

• Leader in purification for olefins/polyolefins, syngas, refining and petrochemical, and natural gas streams,

• Innovator in the biodiesel market and syngas to liquids technology.

Business Units Markets Served


SyngasGeneration Syngas

FTSynthesis

+ Upgrading

Biomass

Axens TechnologiesTowards Alternative Fuels

Gasel

Renewable oils & fats

Coal

Forest & Agric. residues

Transesterification Esterfip-H

Hydrotreatment Vegan

Direct Coal Liquefaction + Upgrading

H-Coal

NaturalGas

GTL

CTL

BTL

Bio Diesel (FAME)

Renew. Paraffinic Kerosene or Diesel

DCL Kerosene+ Diesel

Kerosene + Diesel



Agenda

Introduction



Feed Pretreat

Impurities

removal

high cetanen-paraffins

HDT

Hydrogenation & Decarboxylation

Oxygen removal, olefin saturation

Hydro-Isom

On-Spec Diesel & Jet

Hydro-isomerization to improve CFPP

Hydrocracking if Jet is desired

VEGAN™ Renewable Iso-paraffins Route

Renewableoils & fats


VEGAN™Renewable Iso-paraffins Route

• Flexible feed process

• Product properties independent from the feedstock quality

• Produces high quality molecules

• higher energy content (no oxygen)

• no sulfur nor aromatics

Process Features

• Increase resources availability

True drop-in fuels

• High blending rate Diesel

• D7566 compliant Jet Fuel

Advantages


Lipids Hydroprocessing

Hydrogenolysis / HydrogenationTG + 16* H2 => 3 C18H38 + 6 H2O + C3H8

H2-C-O-C CH3

H-C-O-C CH3

H2-C-O-C CH3

21

2

3

O

O

O

H2

DecarboxylationTG + 7* H2 => 3 C17H36 + C3H8 + 3 CO2

Shift + Methanation reactionsCO & CH4 by-products

* Assuming 4 double bonds saturation per TG

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Hydrotreatment Yields

15.6 12.8CO2 / Water5.2 5.2Propane

80.3 / 94.7 85.3 / 100.6ParaffinsOut

1.1 3.3HydrogenIn

Decarboxylation Hydrogenolysis

Theoretical Yields on Palm Oil in wt% / vol%


Highly Exothermic Reactions

Tailored reactor heat management Ensures optimal temperature profileMaximizes paraffins yieldLimits catalyst deactivation

Average double bounds number

Palm Jatropha Algae


0,0

0,3

0,6

0,9

1,2

1,5Deoxygenation

HDO

Décarb.

HDT Catalyst Formulation

Optimization of catalyst formulationPreserves high yield of valuable productMinimize catalyst deactivation

Rate constant 103.[min-1.g-1]

Ni/Mo [atom/atom]


HDT Product Paraffins Properties

Melting Point (°C)

+28°C+18°C

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22Carbon number

Cetane Number

N-paraffins

Cold

Flow

Prop.

>20°C


HydroIsom & Paraffins Properties

Melting Point (°C)

+28°C+18°C

- 6°C-23°C

-78°C

-70°C-106°C

KeroDiesel

Hydro-isom

Hydro-cracking

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22Carbon number

N-paraffins Iso-paraffins

Cetane Number


High Quality Diesel

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Cetane Number

CFP

P [°

C]

nC16

nC18

Rape

RME

EN590

Range

CWA 15940 Class A

High quality diesel fuel component


And Bio Jet Fuel Component

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Cetane Number

CFP

P [°

C]

nC16

nC18

Rape

max -47max 8

730-770max 300

D7566Freezing PointViscosity @ -20°CDensityD86 FBP

°C

mm²/s

kg/m³

°C

Vegan-673.8766292


Tunable Cold Flow Properties

A good freezing point is not "free"

Cold flow properties improvement

Prod

uct d

istr

ibut

ion

Jet range

Diesel range

Naphtha and light ends


Mastering the Challenges of Renewable Iso-Paraffins Production

• Feeds impurities• Highly exothermic reactions• Corrosive reaction effluents• Light ends production

• Optimal catalyst selection• Optimized process design

Vegan™Renewable Iso-Paraffins

production by Axens

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Technology Development within

Alternative Fuels

technology development alternative fuels - engerati scharff_axens.pdf · wra 13th annual european...

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