technology in action 2 technology in action
TRANSCRIPT
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Technology In ActionTechnology In Action
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Technology In ActionTechnology In Action
Chapter 5Chapter 5
Using System Software: Using System Software:
The Operating System, Utility Programs, The Operating System, Utility Programs, and File Managementand File Management
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TopicsTopics
System softwareSystem software Operating systems (OS):Operating systems (OS):
• Kinds of systems Kinds of systems • Common desktop systemsCommon desktop systems• User interactionUser interaction• How the OS manages the processorHow the OS manages the processor• How the OS manages memoryHow the OS manages memory
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TopicsTopics
Operating systems:Operating systems:• How the OS manages hardwareHow the OS manages hardware• How the OS manages interacts with How the OS manages interacts with
application softwareapplication software• How the OS helps to start the computerHow the OS helps to start the computer• How the OS helps you keep the How the OS helps you keep the
computer organizedcomputer organized Desktop and windows featuresDesktop and windows features Utility programsUtility programs
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System SoftwareSystem Software
Operating systemsOperating systems Control computer Control computer
functions:functions:• Hardware Hardware • Memory Memory • Application programsApplication programs• System maintenanceSystem maintenance
Provide user interfaceProvide user interface
System utilitiesSystem utilities Programs that perform Programs that perform
computer computer housekeeping tasks:housekeeping tasks:• Manage system Manage system
resourcesresources• Improve efficiencyImprove efficiency• Virus preventionVirus prevention
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Operating System CategoriesOperating System Categories
Four categories:Four categories:• Real-Time (RTOS)Real-Time (RTOS)
No user interaction requiredNo user interaction required
• Single-User, Single-TaskSingle-User, Single-Task• Single-User, MultitaskSingle-User, Multitask• MultiuserMultiuser
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Real-Time Operating SystemsReal-Time Operating Systems
Built into devices, Built into devices, not usually sold not usually sold separatelyseparately
Uses include:Uses include:• Industrial machinesIndustrial machines• Robotic equipmentRobotic equipment• AutomobilesAutomobiles• Video game Video game
consolesconsoles• Home appliancesHome appliances
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Single-User Operating SystemsSingle-User Operating Systems
Single-task systemsSingle-task systems Perform one task at a timePerform one task at a time PDAs (Personal Digital PDAs (Personal Digital
Assistants):Assistants):• Pocket PCPocket PC• Palm OSPalm OS• Windows MobileWindows Mobile
MS-DOSMS-DOS
Multitask systemsMultitask systems Perform simultaneous Perform simultaneous
taskstasks WindowsWindows MAC OSMAC OS LinuxLinux
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Multiuser Operating Systems Multiuser Operating Systems
Known as network operating systemsKnown as network operating systems Allow access to the computer system by Allow access to the computer system by
more than one usermore than one user Manage user requestsManage user requests Systems include:Systems include:
• UNIXUNIX• LinuxLinux• Novell NetwareNovell Netware• Windows Server 2003Windows Server 2003
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Desktop Operating SystemsDesktop Operating Systems
Operating system combined with the Operating system combined with the processor is known as a platformprocessor is known as a platform• Microsoft Windows / IntelMicrosoft Windows / Intel• Apple Macintosh / Motorola in older versionsApple Macintosh / Motorola in older versions• Now Apple also uses the Intel processorNow Apple also uses the Intel processor
Desktop operating systems include:Desktop operating systems include:• Microsoft WindowsMicrosoft Windows• MAC OSMAC OS• UNIXUNIX• LinuxLinux
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Microsoft WindowsMicrosoft Windows Market leader – 90% market shareMarket leader – 90% market share
Click to view the various Windows systemsClick to view the various Windows systems
Windows XP (2001)
Offers a new multi-user desktop as well as improved digital media features andInternet capabilities.
Windows ME (2000)
This upgrade to Windows 95 and Windows 98 includes system backup andmultimedia capabilities (such as Media Player).
Windows 2000
(2000)
This upgrade to Windows NT offers improvements to file security and Internet support.
Windows 98 (1998)
This upgrade includes additional file protection and incorporatesInternet Explorer 4.0, a customizable taskbar, and desktop features
Windows 95
(1995)
This operating system runs fasterand more efficiently, introduces Plug and Play capabilities, long file names, short-cutright-click menus, and a cleaner desktop.
Windows NT (1993)
Fundamentally different operating system with increased security, power,performance, and multitasking scheduler.
Windows 3.x
(1990-1992)
First widely used PC graphical user interface (GUI) operating system. Improvedpoint-and-click mouse operations and multitasking capabilities.
Windows 2.0
(1987)
Includes better graphics capabilities and introduces keyboard shortcuts andthe ability to overlap windows.
Windows 1.0
(1985)
Introduces point-and-click commands with a mouse and includes modestmultitasking capabilities and desktop applications.
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Windows VistaWindows Vista Introduced in 2007Introduced in 2007
Versions Description
Windows XP Comparable
Version
Windows Vista Home Basic Low-level, budget home users. Windows XP Home Edition
Windows Vista Home PremiumCombines media features of to support advanced home
media uses such as HDTV and DVD authoring.
Windows XP Home Edition with features from Windows XP Media Center Edition
Windows Vista Business
As its name implies, this version is aimed at the business market. Similar to Windows XP Professional, this version has added support for networking capabilities. This product comes bundled with a new version of Internet Information Services (IIS), the most widely used Web server for corporate Web sites. Windows XP Professional
Windows Vista Enterprise
This edition is aimed at the enterprise segment of the business market and is not be available through retail stores or OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers). It comes with Microsoft Virtual PC, which enables it to run on any platform, and has a multilingual user interface.
Windows Vista Ultimate
This is the “ultimate” operating system for high-end PC users, gamers, multimedia professionals, and PC enthusiasts. Vista Ultimate comes with RSS (Real-time Simple Syndication) support for easy access to podcasts and weblogs, a game performance tweaker, DVD ripping capabilities, and other online capabilities for downloading media.
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MAC OSMAC OS First operating system with point-and-click First operating system with point-and-click
technology (Graphical User Interface)technology (Graphical User Interface) Excellent in:Excellent in:
• Graphics displayGraphics display• Processing capabilitiesProcessing capabilities• System reliabilitySystem reliability• Document recoveryDocument recovery
Fewer software applicationsFewer software applications
MAC OS X
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UNIXUNIX
Multiuser, multitask operating Multiuser, multitask operating systemsystem
Used primarily with mainframesUsed primarily with mainframes
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LinuxLinux
Open-source Open-source operating system operating system
Based on UNIXBased on UNIX Stable systemStable system FreeFree May be downloaded May be downloaded
through the Internetthrough the Internet
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What the Operating System DoesWhat the Operating System Does
Provides user Provides user interfaceinterface
Manages the CPUManages the CPU Manages memoryManages memory Manages hardwareManages hardware Coordinates Coordinates
application application software with the software with the CPUCPU
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The User InterfaceThe User Interface
Enables you to Enables you to interact with the interact with the computercomputer
Types of Types of interfaces:interfaces:• Command-driven Command-driven
interfaceinterface• Menu-driven Menu-driven
interfaceinterface• Graphical user Graphical user
interfaceinterface
Command-driven
Menu-driven
Graphical
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Process 4th
Process 3rd
Process 2nd
Process 1st
Processor ManagementProcessor Management
Controls the timing of events the Controls the timing of events the processor works onprocessor works on• InterruptsInterrupts• Interrupt handlerInterrupt handler• Interrupt tableInterrupt table• Stack Stack
REQUEST
Operating
System
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Memory ManagementMemory Management
The operating system allocates The operating system allocates space in RAM for instructions and space in RAM for instructions and datadata
RAM
Operating
System
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Virtual MemoryVirtual Memory
Instructions and data are stored on Instructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is fullthe hard drive when RAM is full• Swap fileSwap file• Paging Paging • Thrashing Thrashing
Operating
System
FULL
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Hardware ManagementHardware Management
Device drivers:Device drivers:• Programs that enable Programs that enable
the operating system to the operating system to communicate with communicate with peripheral devicesperipheral devices
• Provided by the Provided by the manufacturer of the manufacturer of the device device
Plug and Play:Plug and Play:• Hardware and software Hardware and software
standardstandard• Facilitates the Facilitates the
installation of new installation of new hardwarehardware
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Software Application CoordinationSoftware Application Coordination
Application programming interfaces Application programming interfaces (APIs):(APIs):• Blocks of code contained in the Blocks of code contained in the
operating systemoperating system• Coordinates the operating system with Coordinates the operating system with
software applicationssoftware applications Similar toolbars and menusSimilar toolbars and menus
• Microsoft Direct XMicrosoft Direct X
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Starting the ComputerStarting the Computer
The Boot ProcessThe Boot Process
Step 1:Step 1: The basic The basic input/output system (BIOS) is input/output system (BIOS) is activatedactivated
Step 2:Step 2: A Power-on self-test A Power-on self-test (POST) checks attached (POST) checks attached hardwarehardware
Step 3:Step 3: The operating The operating system loads into memorysystem loads into memory
Step 4:Step 4: Configuration and Configuration and customization settings are customization settings are checkedchecked
1
2
3
4
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Handling Errors in the Handling Errors in the Boot ProcessBoot Process
Non-system disk or disk Non-system disk or disk errorerror• Remove the floppy from Remove the floppy from
the drive and press any the drive and press any keykey
POST errorsPOST errors• Single beep: Everything is Single beep: Everything is
loading properlyloading properly• Series of beeps: Hardware Series of beeps: Hardware
problemproblem Safe modeSafe mode
• Windows does not boot Windows does not boot properlyproperly
• Uninstall any new devices Uninstall any new devices or softwareor software
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The DesktopThe Desktop
Desktop Desktop features:features:• Shortcut iconsShortcut icons• My DocumentsMy Documents• Start buttonStart button• Quick launchQuick launch• Open programsOpen programs• TaskbarTaskbar• System traySystem tray• toolbartoolbar
SHORTCUT ICONSA
B
C
D
E G H
I
_______________
MY DOCUMENTS
MY COMPUTER
START BUTTON
QUICK LAUNCH
TASKBAR SYSTEM TRAY
TOOLBAR
____________
____________
____________
____________
_________ ___________
_________
F
OPEN PROGRAMS__________________
Click to view Desktop features
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G
PINNED ITEMS LIST_______________
Start MenuStart MenuAUSER NAME
ALL PROGRAMSBUTTON
SPECIAL FOLDERSSYSTEM AREAHELPMOST FREQUENTLY
USED LIST
USER LOG OFF
SHUT DOWN/RESTART
F
E
D
C
B
_____________
___________
_______________
____________
_____________________________________________
_______________
Click to view Start menu features
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Window Window A
B
C
D
E
F
G
SCROLLBARS
STATUS BAR
VIEW OPTIONS
TOOLBARS
MENU BAR
TITLE BAR
SIZING BUTTONS
__________
__________
__________
______________
____________
____________
_______________
Click to view Window features
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File ManagementFile Management
The operating system provides an The operating system provides an organizational structure to the organizational structure to the computer’s contentscomputer’s contents
Hierarchical structure of directories:Hierarchical structure of directories:• DrivesDrives
FoldersFoldersSubfoldersSubfolders
FilesFiles
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Viewing and Sorting Viewing and Sorting Files and FoldersFiles and Folders
Windows ExplorerWindows Explorer ViewsViews
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Viewing and Sorting Viewing and Sorting Files and FoldersFiles and Folders
Windows Windows ExplorerExplorer• Detail Detail
ViewView• Sorted Sorted
and and groupedgrouped
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Naming FilesNaming Files
Filename:Filename:• Name assigned plus Name assigned plus
filename extensionfilename extension only characters not only characters not
legal in filenames legal in filenames are: are: \ ⁄ : * ? " \ ⁄ : * ? " < > ¦ < > ¦
all others are all others are allowedallowed
Bioreport.doc
or
Bio report.doc
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Filename ExtensionsFilename Extensions
Filename Filename extensions:extensions:• Used by Used by
programsprograms
ExtensioExtension n
Type of Type of DocumentDocument
Application Application
.doc.doc Word processing Word processing documentdocument
Microsoft Word; Microsoft Word; Corel Corel WordPerfectWordPerfect
.xls.xls WorkbookWorkbook Microsoft ExcelMicrosoft Excel
.ppt.ppt PowerPoint PowerPoint presentationpresentation
Microsoft Microsoft PowerPointPowerPoint
.mdb.mdb DatabaseDatabase Microsoft AccessMicrosoft Access
.bmp.bmp Bitmap imageBitmap image WindowsWindows
.zip.zip Compressed fileCompressed file WinZipWinZip
.pdf.pdf Portable Portable Document Document FormatFormat
Adobe AcrobatAdobe Acrobat
.htm .htm or .htmlor .html
Web pageWeb page Hypertext Hypertext Markup Markup LanguageLanguage
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File pathFile path
File pathFile path• Location of the fileLocation of the file
C: Tech in Action\TIA Pics\\My Documents\ dotmatrix.gif
Drive Primary folder
Subfolders Filename
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Working with FilesWorking with Files
File management File management actions:actions:• OpenOpen• CopyCopy• MoveMove• RenameRename• DeleteDelete
Recycle binRecycle binSaving files
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Utility ProgramsUtility Programs
Small application programs that Small application programs that perform special functions:perform special functions:• Manage system Manage system
resourcesresources• Create a pleasant Create a pleasant
environmentenvironment• Improve efficiencyImprove efficiency
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Display UtilitiesDisplay Utilities
Change the appearance of:Change the appearance of:• DesktopDesktop• Windows colorsWindows colors• Font sizesFont sizes• Screen saversScreen savers• Screen resolutionScreen resolution
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Add or Remove ProgramsAdd or Remove Programs Installation wizardInstallation wizard Uninstall wizard:Uninstall wizard:
• Do not just delete program files to Do not just delete program files to remove programsremove programs
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System Maintenance UtilitiesSystem Maintenance Utilities
Disk cleanupDisk cleanup• Deletes Deletes
unnecessary filesunnecessary files
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System Maintenance UtilitiesSystem Maintenance Utilities
Disk defragmenterDisk defragmenter• Tidies up a disk to Tidies up a disk to
make it run fastermake it run faster ScanDisk:ScanDisk:
• Error-checkerError-checker
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System Maintenance UtilitiesSystem Maintenance Utilities
Task managerTask manager• Allows you to see Allows you to see
and control the and control the processes on your processes on your machinemachine
• Can be used to find Can be used to find spywarespyware
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System RestoreSystem Restore
System System Restore:Restore:• Restores the Restores the
system settings system settings back to a back to a specific datespecific date
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System BackupSystem Backup
Backup:Backup:• Creates a copy of Creates a copy of
the hard drive to the hard drive to another storage another storage devicedevice
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Accessibility UtilitiesAccessibility Utilities
Utility manager:Utility manager:• Magnify screen Magnify screen
imageimage• Screen contents Screen contents
narrationnarration• On-screen keyboardOn-screen keyboard