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Technology Interactions ‹ Chapter Title Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Technology Interactions Designing and building structures that can withstand forces requires knowledge of structural engineering.

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Page 1: Technology Interactions ‹ Chapter Title Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Technology Interactions Designing

Technology Interactions ‹ Chapter Title Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-HillA Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Technology InteractionsTechnology Interactions

Designing and building structures that can withstand forces requires knowledge of structural engineering.

Page 2: Technology Interactions ‹ Chapter Title Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Technology Interactions Designing

Technology Interactions Chapter 3 Structural Engineering Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-HillA Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

A structure is something that is constructed, or built.

Structures are made by joining parts to meet a certain need or perform a certain task.

Structures can be natural or human-made.

What Is a Structure?What Is a Structure?

Page 3: Technology Interactions ‹ Chapter Title Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Technology Interactions Designing

Technology Interactions Chapter 3 Structural Engineering Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-HillA Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Civil EngineersCivil EngineersCivil engineers design and supervise the building of structures that the public uses, such as roads and bridges, water supply plants, and sewers.

Page 4: Technology Interactions ‹ Chapter Title Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Technology Interactions Designing

Technology Interactions Chapter 3 Structural Engineering Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-HillA Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Structural EngineersStructural Engineers

Structural engineers are responsible for the mechanics of load-bearing structures.

Page 5: Technology Interactions ‹ Chapter Title Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Technology Interactions Designing

Technology Interactions Chapter 3 Structural Engineering Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-HillA Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

ArchitectsArchitectsArchitects design buildings and often oversee construction.

Page 6: Technology Interactions ‹ Chapter Title Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Technology Interactions Designing

Technology Interactions Chapter 3 Structural Engineering Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-HillA Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Forces on StructuresForces on Structures

External forces come from outside the structure, act upon the structure, and are called loads.

♦ Static loads, or dead loads, change slowly or not at all.

♦ Dynamic loads, or live loads, move or change.

A force is a push or a pull that transfers energy to an object.

Page 7: Technology Interactions ‹ Chapter Title Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Technology Interactions Designing

Technology Interactions Chapter 3 Structural Engineering Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-HillA Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Forces on StructuresForces on Structures

Internal forces are forces that one part of the structure exerts on another. They act within a structural material.

♦ Compression

♦ Tension

♦ Torsion

♦ Shear

Page 8: Technology Interactions ‹ Chapter Title Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Technology Interactions Designing

Technology Interactions Chapter 3 Structural Engineering Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-HillA Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Structural MaterialsStructural MaterialsWood is a versatile material cut from trees into various sizes of lumber.

Engineered wood is a composite material made by combining wood strands, fibers, and veneers with adhesives.

Steel is an alloy made from iron and carbon.

Concrete is made by mixing cement, sand, gravel, and water.

Page 9: Technology Interactions ‹ Chapter Title Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Technology Interactions Designing

Technology Interactions Chapter 3 Structural Engineering Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-HillA Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Structural MembersStructural MembersStructural members are connected to form the framework of a structure.

Studs, joists, rafters, beams, and columns are examples of structural members.

Page 10: Technology Interactions ‹ Chapter Title Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Technology Interactions Designing

Technology Interactions Chapter 3 Structural Engineering Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-HillA Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Designing Large StructuresDesigning Large Structures

Gather site information.

Construct and test models.

Conduct community planning.

Excavate and build the foundation.

Construct the superstructure.

Page 11: Technology Interactions ‹ Chapter Title Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Technology Interactions Designing

Technology Interactions Chapter 3 Structural Engineering Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-HillA Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

The International Space StationThe International Space StationThe ISS is the most complex structure ever built.

Sixteen countries are participating in its construction.

When completed, the ISS will enable scientists to conduct important experiments in a microgravity environment.

Page 12: Technology Interactions ‹ Chapter Title Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Technology Interactions Designing

Technology Interactions Chapter 3 Structural Engineering Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-HillA Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Making a Structure StableMaking a Structure Stable

Soil must provide support for the building.

Wind resistance is important for safety in strong winds.

Earthquake resistance helps buildings stay intact when the ground shakes.


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