ENERGY

By Jesús Castillo, Noelia Martín, Martín Mora and Emma Palazon.

STUDENT ONE

TYPES OF ENERGY We can obtain energy from heat,

light…

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Kinetic Energy: Something or someone in movement.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Potential energy: (Stored energy) Related on the position of something.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Three types of potential energy: Elastic potential energy: When objects

are compressed and stretched.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Gravitational potential energy: Depending on the position of gravitational field.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Chemical potential energy: Stored in the bonds of chemical compounds.

For example: When gasoline is burned.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Electrical energy: Energy electrons carry.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Thermal Energy: Energy related to the temperature.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Electrochemical Energy: In batteries.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Electromagnetic Radiation: For example: .light

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Sound energy: Related with the vibration and disturbance of matter.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Nuclear Energy: Energy in the nucleus of an atom.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Mechanical Energy: Related to the motion (kinetic energy) and position (potential energy) of something.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Magnetic Energy: Energy in magnetic fields.

TYPES OF ENERGY

Ionization Energy: To move one or more electrons from a neutral atom.

RENEWABLE AND NON-RENEWABLE

Some examples are:

RENEWABLE ENERGY.

Each source has its own specific advantages and disadvantages.

RENEWABLE ENERGY.

NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY.

STUDENT TWO.

Non-renewable energy sources: It is a source that can only be replaced by the pass of time

USE OF FOSSIL FUELS

COAL: It comes from dead plants and it is used as an energy resource(by burning it) and also for industrial purposes.

PETROLEUM: It is use in manufacturing many materials.

USE OF FOSSIL FUELS

GAS: It is use for producing heat by burning it.

NUCLEAR ENERGY: It is use for generating heat and electricity by nuclear fission

RENEWABLE ENRGY SOURCES

Come from nature

Regenerate in a short period of time and do not contaminate

Examples: sun, wind, water, Earth heat, tides, and biomass

The force of wind move the sails . The sun rays hit the solar panels of the windmill producing energy transmiting their energy to the electrons

TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING Sun: Photovoltaic solar power: - Is obtained directly from solar radiation

- Electricity is produced by the use of semiconductor plates which generate electricity when light hit them

- Solar installations: _Photovoltaic cells are conected to form photovoltaic panels

_Photovoltaic panels are conected toguether to get the energy level we wish

_This energy can be stored in batteries so that it can be used when there is no solar light

Solar panels are photovoltaic Semiconductor plates

TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING Solar Thermal Energy: Way of producing electricity similar to the one of the

power plants The water vapuor is produced by by the heat of the

sun Requires a high concentration of solar radiation A field of mirros is used to fix the direction of the rays

toward a tower

field of mirrors

TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING Solar Thermal

Power: Is the simpliest of the

ways to harness solar energy

It is mainly used to heat up water for a domestic use

To do these we need a collector, this will be heat by solar radiation and a thermally insulated tank.

TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING Wind: Wind turbines: Are about 80 meters tall Are made up of a tower, a generator and three blades Wind move the blades In the generator, the kinetic energy produced by the

movement of the blades is transformed into electric energy

This energy goes down the tower through a national cable that then goes underground

HARNESSING

Biomass: It is the energy produced by firewood or other similar products When talking to energy, biomass can reffer to: Agricultural waste: such as excrements or crop remains

Forest waste: such us brocken branches

Energy crops: this crops grown just with energetical porpuses

TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING Urban waste: organic waste form homes and restaurants

Uses: We have to process this sources so that they are more appropieted Once the materials are processed, we used them to produce energy They are mostly used as fuel in thermal plants In this thermal plants we produce electrycity by the combustion of

this products

TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING Geothermal: Is the energy produced in the insides of the

Earth Used to: Heat up water so that the water vapour causes the

movement of a turbine connected to an alternator, so that it generates electricity. This

process occur in geothermal power plants To heat up the water from the heating systems of houses and cities

TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING

Tidal power: Is the energy produced by the potential energy of the tides It is used to produce electricity in hydroelectric power plants

TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING Wave energy: Is the energy obtained by the movement of the waves

the waves get inside the air chamber, then when the sea level rises, the air

is pushed upward making a movement in the turbine which is conected to a generator that transform this movement

into electricity

ELECTRICAL ENENRGY

Electrical energy carried by moving electrons in an electric conductor. 

It cannot be seen. It one of the most useful forms of energy because

it is relatively easy to transmit and use. Matter consists of atoms. atoms contains

electrons(movement).  

GENERATION

Generators are the devices that transfer kinetic energy into electrical energy.

Turning generators directly Generators can be turned directly, for example, by: -wind turbines -hydroelectric turbines -wave and tidal turbines When electricity is generated using wave, wind,

tidal or hydroelectric power there are two steps: -The turbine turns a generator. -Electricity is produced.

Turning generators indirectly These are the steps by which electricity is generated

from fossil fuels: 1.Heat is released from fuel and boils the water to make

steam. 2.The steam turns the turbine. 3. The turbine turns a generator and electricity is produced. 4.The electricity goes to the transformers to produce the correct Voltage.

TYPES OF GENERATING

Thermal generation: is the process of generating electricity from heat.

-Heat is a form of energy. -Heat energy can be produced by

burning fuels such as coal, oil, gas or wood.

Hydroelectricity :it is one of the oldest and most widely used energy resources in North America.

- It is generated when water passes through a dam to turn a turbine and generate energy.

- is entirely renewable.

Nuclear power plants: -It is utilized for the generation and

distribution of electric power  -These are generally located at the sub-

urban regions or several kilometers away from the cities or the load centers.

PROCESS:1. water is turned into steam, which in turn

drives turbine generators to produce electricity.

2. At nuclear power plants, the heat to make the steam is created when uranium atoms split this is called fission.

TRANSMISSION

Electricity is transmitted mainly through overhead lines or underground cables.

The electricity transmission systems must be designed in ways which reduce this loss of current as much as possible.

- High voltage transmission: Electricity generated in power stations is raised to a very high voltage for transmission. This is to reduce the current flow to the transmission cables.

- Electrical Transmission by Overhead Wire.

Overhead lines are held high above the ground by metal towers called pylons.

- Low Resistance Transmission Wire

The power loss in the transmission wire Ploss is directly proportional to the resistance R of the wire. The lower the resistance, the lower will be the power loss. 

DISTRIBUTION

The electricity is removed from the transmission system and passed through step-down transformers that lower the voltage.

The electricity is then transferred onto your local electric network of distribution lines and delivered to your home.

There, the electricity's voltage is lowered again by a distribution transformer and passed through your electric meter into your home's network of electric wires and outlets.

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

Energy is the capacity of a physical system to perform work.

Environment: the air, water, and land in or on which people, animals and plants live.

EFFICIENCY AND ENERGY SAVING

Energy efficiency is using less energy to provide the same service.

- to combat climate change, clean the air we breathe, improve the competitiveness of our businesses and reduce energy costs for consumers. 

Saving energy: Close your exterior doors and window. Set your dishwashers on economy mode. Turn off your oven or burners Keep the oven door closed

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Generation - The environmental impact of

electricity generation is significant because modern society uses large amounts of electrical power.

- This power is normally generated at power plants that convert some other kind of energy into electrical power.

Transmission. - The amount of impacts from

the construction of a transmission line can be measured in several different ways. Useful methods of quantifying impact are measurements of area (acreage), distance (miles or feet), and the number of poles.

Distribution. - The most important

environmental impacts of our operations are the consumption of natural resources, greenhouse effect and acidification caused by air emissions, occasional noise, and environmental impacts caused by construction. 

USE OF ENERGY.

We divide our energy use among four economic sectors: residential, commercial, transportation, and industrial.

In the United States alone, energy consumption is expected to rise 13% over the next two decades. Global consumption is expected to increase by 44% over the same time period.