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SANTA BARBARA COUNTY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

FOR

TELEDYNE/ADVANCED POLLUTION INSTRUMENTS (TAPI) MODELS 300E and T300 CARBON MONOXIDE ANALYZER

August 2017

SBCAPCD SOP Teledyne API 300E/T300 Carbon Monoxide Analyzer

First Revision, August 2017

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SANTA BARBARA COUNTY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT

Approval of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) TELEDYNE/ADVANCED POLLUTION INSTRUMENTS (TAPI) MODELS 300E and T300 CARBON MONOXIDE ANALYZER



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TABLE OF CONTENTS Teledyne/Advanced Pollution Instruments

Model 300E and T300 Carbon Monoxide Analyzers Page(s) Date 1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION 3-6 08/17

1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Principal of Operation 3 1.3 TAPI 300E and T300 analyzer comparison 4 1.4 Interferences 4 1.5 Personnel Qualifications 5 1.6 Equipment and Supplies 5 1.7 Safety Precautions 6

2.0 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 7-11 08/17 2.1 General Information 7 2.2 Physical Inspection 7 2.3 Instrument Siting 7 2.4 Analog Analyzer Connections 7 2.5 Ethernet Modbus Connections and Settings 9 2.6 Operation Verification 9 2.7 Acceptance Testing 10

3.0 CONFIGURATION 12-14 08/17 3.1 Instrument Configuration 12 3.2 Analog Data Logger Configuration 13 3.3 Modbus Station Data Logger Configuration 14 3.4 Data Management 14

4.0 CALIBRATION INFORMATION 15-16 08/17 4.1 Calibration Introduction 15 4.2 Calibration Overview 16 4.3 Calibration Apparatus 16

5.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES 17-20 08/17 5.1 Calibration at Altitude 18 5.2 As Is Calibration 18 5.3 Final Calibration 19

6.0 ROUTINE SERVICE CHECKS 21-22 08/17 6.1 General Information 21 6.2 Daily (or Each Visit) Checks 21 6.3 Weekly Checks 22 6.4 Monthly Checks 22 6.5 Annual As Required Checks 22

7.0 MAINTENANCE AND PROCEDURES 23 08/17 7.1 General Information 23

8.0 TROUBLESHOOTING 24 08/17 8.1 General Information 24

9.0 QUALITY CONTROL/QUALITY ASSURANCE 25 08/17

10.0 REFERENCES 26

Appendix A – Example Calibration Form 27



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1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 Introduction This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) describes procedures used by the Santa Barbara County Air Pollution Control District (SBCAPCD) to operate the Teledyne Advanced Pollution (TAPI) Model 300E Carbon Monoxide Analyzer (300E) as well as the TAPI Model T300 Carbon Monoxide Analyzer (T300) to measure Carbon Monoxide levels in ambient air. These two instruments will be collectively referred to as “the instrument” unless otherwise required. This procedure is designed to supplement the instruction manual by describing hardware or operating procedures as implemented by the SBCAPCD for monitoring of Carbon Monoxide in the District’s ambient air monitoring network. It is not the intent of this SOP to duplicate or replace the instruction manual. 1.2 Principle of Operation The basic principle by which the analyzer works is called the Beer-Lambert Law. It defines how light of a specific wavelength is absorbed by a particular gas molecule over a certain distance. The mathematical relationship between these three parameters is:

I = Io e-αLc Where: Io is the intensity of the light if there was no absorption.

I is the intensity with absorption.

L is the absorption path, or the distance the light travels as it is being absorbed.

C is the concentration of the absorbing gas; in the case of the T300/300E, Carbon Monoxide (CO). α is the absorption coefficient that tells how well CO absorbs light at the specific wavelength of interest. The T300/300E uses a high-energy heated element to generate a beam of broad-band IR light with a known intensity (measured during instrument calibration). This beam is directed through multi-pass sample cell filled with sample gas. The sample cell uses mirrors at each end to reflect the IR beam back and forth through the sample gas a number of times. Upon exiting the sample cell, the beam shines through a band-pass filter that allows only light at a wavelength of 4.7 μm to pass. Finally, the beam strikes a solid-state photodetector that converts the light signal into a modulated voltage signal representing the attenuated intensity of the beam. To overcome the interfering effects of water vapor the T300/300E adds another component to the IR light path called a Gas Filter Correlation (GFC) Wheel. A GFC Wheel is a metallic wheel into which two chambers are carved. The chambers are sealed on both sides with material transparent to 4.7 μm IR radiation creating two



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airtight cavities. Each cavity is mainly filled with composed gases. One cell is filled with pure N2 (the measurement cell). The other is filled with a combination of N2 and a high concentration of CO (the reference cell). As the GFC Wheel spins, the IR light alternately passes through the two cavities. When the beam is exposed to the reference cell, the CO in the gas filter wheel strips the beam of most of the IR at 4.7μm. When the light beam is exposed to the measurement cell, the N2 in the filter wheel does not absorb IR light. This causes a fluctuation in the intensity of the IR light striking the photo-detector which results in the output of the detector resembling a square wave. The T300/300E determines the amount of CO in the sample chamber by computing the ratio between the peak of the measurement pulse (CO MEAS) and the peak of the reference pulse (CO REF). If no gases exist in the sample chamber that absorb light at 4.7μm, the high concentration of CO in the gas mixture of the reference cell will attenuate the intensity of the IR beam by 60% giving a M/R ratio of approximately 2.4:1. Adding CO to the sample chamber causes the peaks corresponding to both cells to be attenuated by a further percentage. Since the intensity of the light passing through the measurement cell is greater, the effect of this additional attenuation is greater. This causes CO MEAS to be more sensitive to the presence of CO in the sample chamber than CO REF and the ratio between them (M/R) to move closer to 1:1 as the concentration of CO in the sample chamber increases. Once the T300/300E has computed this ratio, a look-up table is used, with interpolation, to linearize the response of the instrument. This linearized concentration value is combined with calibration SLOPE and OFFSET values to produce the CO concentration which is then normalized for changes in sample pressure. 1.3 TAPI 300E and T300 analyzer comparison The T300 and 300E are essentially equivalent in all analytical aspects. Both use the same underlying technologies. The specifications for both instruments are almost identical to one another. The only significant, documented difference between the two is that the T300 has a color touch screen and 2 USB ports on the front, whereas the 300E has an LCD display. 1.4 Interferences The gas filter correlation method of Carbon Monoxide detection method is subject to interference from a number of other gases that absorb IR in a similar fashion to CO. Most notable of these are water vapor, CO2, N2O (nitrous oxide) and CH4 (methane). Considerations were undertaken in the design and manufacture of the instruments to minimize instances of casual interference however, the respective instrument manuals cover options available to the user if suspected interferences are encountered.



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1.5 Personnel Qualifications Installation, operation, maintenance, repair or calibration of the instrument and all support equipment should only be performed by properly trained personnel. Personnel should meet all minimum requirements and qualifications commensurate with their position or title. All air monitoring staff at SBCAPCD are hired as Air Quality Specialist I, II, III, or Monitoring/IT Supervisor positions. Qualifications for the respective staff functions are typically first established through the successful completion of a probationary period with supervisorial oversight. Successive levels of responsibility are achieved via internal and external training classes, experience and a demonstrated display of abilities until a “journey level” is attained. 1.6 Equipment and Supplies Instrumentation, spare parts, and consumables such as Teflon sample filters, Teflon tubing, and other material used in air monitoring activities are stored in the SBCAPCD laboratory for use by monitoring staff. Standard site installation requires analyzers, calibration systems, and data acquisition systems to be properly integrated to allow for automated calibrations and acquisition of data. Calibration systems are maintained and certified by the station operator. Consumable supplies, required for regular scheduled maintenance are also stored at the respective sites as needed. Supplies are ordered by the Monitoring Supervisor or his designee with consideration for adequate lead times. Station operators are required to notify the Monitoring Supervisor as stock of consumables are depleted to the point where new purchases are required. Some of the specific items critical to the successful operation of the TAPI 300E/T300 carbon monoxide analyzer are listed below with the vendor where the items are typically purchased:



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Item Description Vendor ¼” Tubing ¼” OD, 5/32” ID FEP Teflon

Tubing Savillex, Inc.

Tubing Fittings Various PFA Teflon compression fittings

Cole Parmer, Inc.

Sample Filters 5 micron pore size, 47 mm diameter PTFE Teflon Filter Membranes

Savillex, Inc.

Sample Manifold/Inlet 25mm OD borisilicate glass inlet with CARB style manifold. Equipped with PTFE isolating bushings and plugs

Ace Glass, Inc.

Power and most Cables 3 prong AC cable and most cables utilized with analyzer are provided upon initial purchase.

Teledyne API

Ethernet Cable CAT5e or better Ethernet Cable

Compuwave

Calibration System TAPI 700 (equipped with TAPI 701 zero air system).

Teledyne API

Compressed CO Gas Standard

Compressed gas cylinder containing CO in nitrogen traceable to NIST standards by EPA protocol. Nominal concentration of ~6000 ppm.

Scott Marrin, Inc.

1.7 Safety Precautions Prior to cleaning the analyzer or performing any maintenance on the instrument, place the MAIN power switch to the OFF position, and unplug the power cord. Avoid the use of chemical agents which might damage components. Always use a three-prong, grounded plug on this analyzer. Adhere to general safety precautions when using compressed gas cylinders (e.g., secure cylinders, vent exhaust flows).



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2.0 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

2.1 General Information: The instrument is designed and has received EPA equivalency with an operating temperature range between 10ºand 40ºC. To provide added assurance of stable operating temperature, a stable shelter temperature between 20-30 ºC is preferred. Care should be taken to install the instrument in a standard 19” instrument rack such that it can be accessed for maintenance, repair work and troubleshooting etc. The standard 19” instrument racks should be bolted to the floor and properly grounded. 2.2 Physical Inspection: The instrument is normally shipped with the following standard equipment:

1. Power cord 2. Instruction manual 3. Rack Ears Upon receiving the instrument, confirm that the instrument is in good working order and inspect for damage. If any damage is observed, contact the IT/monitoring supervisor. Prior to installation of the instrument, check the following:

1. Verify no apparent shipping damage. 2. Check that all connectors are fully inserted. 3. Check that all mechanical connections are tight. 4. Open and remove any internal shipping screws on the pump and any internal foam blocks. 2.3 Instrument Siting The instrument should be sited in accordance with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations Part58 Appendix E “Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring” and USEPA Designated Automated Equivalent Method RFCA-1093-093. 2.4 Analog Analyzer Connections The instrument analog output, status output, and control input connectors on the rear panel. The instrument analog output connector is an eight-pin output connector strip on the rear panel. While the primary CO concentration acquisition for these analyzers is via Ethernet Modbus, a back-up analog output connection is set up upon analyzer installation. The back-up analog output CO concentration connections can be made to either the A1 or A2 connections. The pins are marked plus and minus and must be connected accordingly. As SBCAPCD does not utilize analog strip charts, no other analog connections are required.



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Figure 1 – 300E Rear Panel

Figure 2 – T300 Rear Panel



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2.5 Ethernet Modbus Connections and Settings The primary data acquisition method utilized for CO concentration and analyzer operational data is Modbus protocol via Ethernet connection. Each monitoring station utilizes an internal Ethernet network that connects each analyzer to the station data logger (Agilaire 8872 or 8832) through an Ethernet switch or hub. The CO analyzer is configured for static IP communications following the procedures outlined in the instrument manual, section 6.5.1 using the appropriate IP address (192.168.xxx.x, Gateway IP (192.168.xxx.1), and Subnet Mask (255.255.255.0) as configured in the data logger for this instrument. Port 1 is set to 3000, with Port 2 set to 502, and Modbus protocol is enabled. Following making the above IP configurations on the analyzer, and connecting the analyzer to the station LAN, ensure that the data system is gathering data from the instrument. If not already configured, configure the station data logger for the appropriate channels to gather CO concentration as well as all operational parameters following the data logger manual’s procedures. Once the data logger is properly configured, confirm that all channels are correctly gathering data from the CO analyzer. 2.6 Operation Verification NOTE: Prior to operation of the instrument, operators must read the respective instruction manual to familiarize themselves with the operation of the instrument. Prior to operating the 300E or T300, ensure that the proper connections have been made. In summary, at most SBCAPCD monitoring locations this involves the following connections: • Connect the sample inlet line from the manifold to the sample port on the rear panel. • Connect the pump exhaust to a suitable vent outside the analyzer area. • Connect the power cord to a well-grounded and appropriate power outlet. • Connect recording devices to the terminal strip and LAN connections on the rear panel. After proper connections have been made, turn on the power switch. At initial power on, the 300E the display will show a single dash on the left side of the screen for approximately 30 seconds. Subsequently, a boot progress meter will be displayed showing the percent completion of loading the operating system. The 300E should automatically enter into sample mode after reboot. The display will now show “SYSTEM RESET” on the top display line, the green sample light on the right front of the panel should be on, and the red fault light should be flashing with the word “SAMPLE” flashing in the upper right hand of the display until the warm-up cycle has completed. Allow approximately one hour for the instrument to stabilize before performing any further operations.



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Review all diagnostic values by repeatedly depressing the first [<TST] or second [TST>] command keys on the front of the instrument. Compare these values to those listed on the factory final checkout sheet in the instruction manual or the values listed in site records from previous the installation of this instrument. After initial power on, the T300 display will show the TAPI factory label, and a message to indicate that it is loading. The T300 will automatically enter into the sample mode after reboot and display “SYSTEM RESET” across the bottom of the screen. A blinking red “fault” light on the left side of the display will indicate that the system has been rebooted. Compare these values to those listed on the factory final checkout sheet in the instruction manual or the values listed in site records from previous the installation of this instrument. Verify that the test parameters are within the limits prescribed by this SOP, Table 1, TAPI 300E / T300 Standard Configuration Table. If warning messages persist after the 30 minute warm up period is over, investigate their cause using the troubleshooting guidelines provided in the instruction manual. 2.7 Acceptance Testing Prior to field deployment, all new instruments are tested in the SBCAPCD laboratory to ensure proper operation prior to collecting data for record. The instrument is set up in the SBCAPCD laboratory following the same procedures outlined in this SOP for setting an instrument up in a monitoring station. The SBCAPCD laboratory is equipped with a data logger (polled by the central AirVision server) and certified calibration system, mimicking the station set up. After the instrument has been set up, configured, and warmed up for a minimum of one hour, a manual zero span is performed to allow adjustment of zero and span responses to match the certified test gas concentrations. Next, a multi-point calibration is performed to establish linearity, following the general procedure outlined in this Section 5 of this SOP. The instrument is maintained in the laboratory mock station set up for one week, with automated multi-point calibrations performed daily to track zero and span drift as well as confirming the analyzers linear response. At the end of the week long acceptance test period, the instrument is evaluated to ensure the following criteria are met: Parameter Pass Criteria Maximum zero drift for 7 day period +/- .15 ppm Maximum span drift for 7 day period 5% Passing linearity on each Multi-point Calibration

All points within + 2 % of calibration range of best-fit straight line

Operational Parameters Well within allowable range as listed in Table 1 of this SOP.

If the results of the testing is within allowable criteria, the instrument can be deployed to the field for operation. The calibration results and records of operational parameters recorded by the lab data logger and polled by the central AirVision DAS are copied and



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permanently stored in the Instrument Records section of the District’s SharePoint intranet site. Should the testing results not meet one or more criteria, the instrument is not deployed to the field and either returned to the vendor or corrective action is taken by Monitoring staff, followed by a repeat of the week long acceptance testing procedure until all criteria are met.



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3.0 CONFIGURATION

3.1 Instrument Configuration Prior to initiating monitoring for record, the instrument configuration is properly configured prior to field use. Note that both instrument manuals provide detailed description of instrument operation in Part II – Operating Instructions. Test Function Nominal Value Allowable Range Range 50 PPM 50 PPM STABIL <.1 on zero air Depends on reading CO MEAS 4500 MV 2500 – 4800 MV CO REF 4500 MV 2500 – 4800 MV MR RATIO 1.1 – 1.3 W/ Zero Air Depends on reading PRES 28 In-Hg-A -2”Ambient In-Hg-A SAMP FL 800 cc/m 800 ± 10% cc/m SAMPLE TEMP 48 DegC 48 ± 4 DegC BENCH TEMP 48 DegC 48 ± 2 DegC WHEEL TEMP 68 DegC 68 ± 2 DegC BOX TEMP 32 Deg C Ambient + 7 Deg C PHT DRIVE 4500 MV 250 mV – 4750 mV CO SLOPE 1.0 1.0 ± .3 CO OFFSET 0 PPM 0 ± 0.3 PPM

Table1: Standard SBCAPCD TAPI 300E/T300 Configuration Table The Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instruments (TAPI) internal data loggers (iDAS) default to recording hourly concentration data. To provide a possible data back-up in the event that the station data logger goes down, all SBCAPCD site operators should configure ALL TAPI instruments to record minute concentration data. The procedures to program TAPI iDAS to record minute based data is as follows: 1. WARNING: RECONFIGURING THE iDAS WILL CLEAR ALL RECORDS. If you need to archive data, download the data from the analyzer prior to reconfiguring the iDAS. The iDAS can be reconfigured via the front panel controls. From the main menu, press the SETUP soft key. 2. Press the DAS key to view the iDAS settings. Next press the EDIT key to begin editing iDAS settings. The instrument will prompt for a password. Enter 929 and press ENTR to begin editing the iDAS settings. 3. The “Conc” channel is the default hourly average data channel. For all TAPI instruments this channel is pre-configured with the concentration data and on some instruments a diagnostic channel. Press the EDIT soft key to begin editing the channel.



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4. Press [SET>] until the “Report Period” parameter is displayed. Press the [EDIT] key until the “Report Period Days” field is displayed. Ensure that “Report Period Days” is set to 000. Press [ENTR] to display the “Report Period Time”. Set the “Report Period Time” field to “00:01” and select [ENTR] 5. Press [SET>] until the “number of records” parameter comes up. Press the [EDIT] key to change this value. To maximize storage of records, use the following procedure: a) The analyzer will prompt you to clear all data. Press [YES] if you have backed up your data and move on to step b, otherwise press [NO] and download the data from the analyzer. After downloading, perform steps 1-6 again. b) Set the number of records to all zeroes. The [ENTR] button will only appear if the number of records is a valid number, and will disappear if the number of records exceeds available memory. Increment the highest digit (leftmost digit, will either be the “tens of thousands” digit or “hundreds of thousands” digit) by one until the [ENTR] button disappears. Lower the value by one and press [ENTR]. The value for this digit is now maximized. c) Perform the procedure in step b for next digit to the right. Continue until all values have been maximized. Once the “ones” digit has been completed the maximum number of records will have been selected. Press the [ENTR] key to save the value. 6. Press the [SET>] key until “RS 232 Report” value appears. Set to [OFF] and press [ENTR], or press [SET>] if already the parameter is already set to [OFF]. 7. Press the [SET>] key until “Channel Enabled” value appears. Set to [ON] and press [ENTR], or press [SET>] if the parameter is already set to [ON]. 8. Press the [SET>] key until “Cal Hold” value appears. Set to [OFF] and press [ENTR], or press [SET>] if the parameter is already set to [OFF]. 9.The iDAS is now configured to store 1 minute concentration averages. Press [EXIT]. The analyzer will display “Creating New Data File” and a percentage counter as it resets data storage. Continue pressing [EXIT] until the sampler returns to the main screen. 3.2 Analog Data Logger Configuration Analog data logger channel configuration for the instrument can be found in the operating manual for the datalogger model you are using. In most cases, set-up for the T300 is identical to the setup for the 300E. The data logger channel (can utilize A1 or A2) for the Carbon Monoxide analyzer can be configured for a 0 to 1 or 0 to 5 volt signal equaling 0 to 50 ppm assuming the range of the instrument is set to 50 ppm. The instrument is configured to single range, 0-50 ppm following the appropriate section in



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the instrument manual. Note that the analog signal is only utilized in the event that the primary, Modbus connection is not available. 3.3 Modbus Station Data Logger Configuration: The 8872 or 8832 site data logger records minute data for concentration data as well as all operational data from the Carbon Monoxide analyzer. Primary data acquisition is accomplished by Ethernet connection using Modbus protocol. Instructions on data logger configuration are provided in the appropriate data logger instrument manual. Following configuration, the site operator will monitor the instrument and data logger to ensure the configuration has resulted in the correct acquisition of data. 3.4 Data Management Data acquisition, data calculations, and data storage/transmittal are described in the SBCAPCD Data Review and Validation SOP.



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4.0 CALIBRATION INFORMATION

4.1 Calibration Introduction: A calibration is a procedure for aligning or checking the output of an instrument to a known “true” standard. To ensure the quality of the data provided by the 300E or T300, in general the analyzer must be calibrated in accordance with recommendations stated in this SOP. A multi-point calibration is utilized to establish that the instrument response is linear across the measurement range and to confirm that the instrument zero and span drift meets established criteria. A zero/span calibration is utilized to confirm zero and span drift, but does not confirm linearity. Precision or “One Point QC Checks” are utilized to calculate quality statistics and also verify the analyzer is within allowable tolerance. The SBCAPCD utilizes a variety of field calibrations for various situations and purposes that fall into two general categories, nominally referred to as “AS-IS” and “Final” calibrations. An “AS-IS” calibration is performed initially to evaluate the instruments accuracy. No adjustments, modifications or repairs are made to the instrument prior to the “AS-IS” calibration. This calibration verifies instrument accuracy of the recently generated data; usually back to the previous calibration check. A “Final” calibration is performed after an instruments “AS-IS” calibration exceeds adjustment limits, or has undergone major maintenance or repair. If the “AS-IS” calibration (zero/span or multi-point) shows the instrument’s response outside of adjustment limits, and there is no indication of loss of linear response and it appears the out of tolerance condition is due to normal instrument drift, the analyzer zero and/or span is adjusted, followed by a zero/span calibration. However, if an “AS-IS” multi-point shows a non-linear response, it appears the out of tolerance condition is not due to normal instrument drift, and/or repair or maintenance was performed that potentially could influence the linearity of response, a full “Final” multi-point calibration is required. Automated “AS-IS” zero, span and/or precision checks are typically performed six days a week, providing daily confirmation that the analyzer response to test gas near ambient concentrations and/or the NAAQS is within required tolerance as well as meeting the requirement of a valid precision check at least every 14 days. An automated “AS-IS” zero, ~80% span, midpoint, and precision point are performed once each week. This automated zero and three upscale multi-point calibration provides confirmation of linearity as well as establishing that the analyzer response is within allowable tolerance across the entire measurement range of the analyzer. Full zero and 4 upscale point, multi-point calibrations are performed manually or automatically once a month and whenever repairs that could influence analyzer linearity and/or adjustments not due to normal instrument drift are performed. Typically the full “AS-IS” multi-point is performed prior to repair or adjustment needed for reasons other than normal instrument drift, followed by a “Final” full multi-point. The full “final” multi-



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point performed following adjustment and/or repair can be performed automatically as the next night’s auto-calibration, however should the automated multi-point not meet required tolerances, data will be invalidated back to the time of the repair/adjustment and a new full multi-point must be performed that meet all tolerances before data can be considered valid. Zero and span adjustment criteria and linearity criteria are presented in Table 2 below. Parameter Criteria Zero Drift Adjustment <=+/- 0.2 ppm Span (all upscale points) Drift Adjustment <=+/-7% Linearity Criteria for Multi-Point All points < +/- 2.1 % or < +/-1.5 ppb

difference of best-fit straight line whichever is greater

Final Multi-point Slope 1.0 +/- 0.05 Table 2 – Instrument adjustment and linearity criteria 4.2 Calibration Overview: Test concentrations for Carbon Monoxide must be obtained in accordance with the calibration procedures listed in 40 CFR 50 Appendix C. This procedures utilizes the dilution of certified compressed gas standards with zero air to generate appropriate test gas concentrations needed to calibrate the instrument. Both the concentrated gas cylinder and the dilution flow controllers must be certified and traceable to NIST standards. It is recommended that the test concentration for Carbon Monoxide generated by dilution should be delivered directly into the station sample manifold. 4.3 Calibration Apparatus: Field calibrations of Carbon Monoxide analyzers are performed utilizing the site calibration system (typically TAPI 700E or T700). The in-station calibration system is equipped with certified compressed gas cylinder, zero air generator, and flow controllers. The compressed gas cylinder is certified, following the EPA certification procedures outlined in the EPA guidance document, “EPA Traceability Protocol for Assay and Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards”, May 2012 (EPA/600/R-12/531). The station dilution flow controllers certification is performed every 6 months in the SBCAPCD laboratory using the SBCAPCD NIST traceable flow standards. Refer to the SBCAPCD TAPI T700/700E Dilution Calibration System SOP for details on calibrator operation. All calibration gas is input directly to the station sample manifold, with excess flow vented out the inlet.



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5.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES

To ensure the quality of the data collected within the SBCAPCD’s air monitoring network, ALL instruments used in the network must be calibrated by a full multi-point calibration • during initial field installation and every six months thereafter, • following physical relocation, • after any major maintenance or repair that could potentially influence linearity, A simplified zero/span calibration can be utilized to adjust zero/span when the instrument response is outside adjustment limits shown in Table 2 above as long as there is no indication of loss of linear response and that the out of tolerance condition is likely due to normal instrument drift. Instrument calibrations at all stations within the SBCAPCD network shall be performed in a consistent manner, so that all network monitoring stations are calibrated in a similar fashion. Instruments must be calibrated in accordance with the appropriate SOP and/or appropriate instruction manual. Full multi-point instrument calibrations should be conducted such that all instruments are challenged at a minimum of four (4) different gas concentrations and a zero check. The high calibration point should be at a level approximately 80% of the instrument’s full analog scale and the low calibration point should meet the requirements of 40 CFR Part 58 App A Sec 3.1.1. A zero/span calibration is conducted by challenging the instrument with a zero check and a high calibration point at a level approximately 80% of the instruments full scale. SBCAPCD also performs a three upscale point multi-point calibration used to confirm a linear response and to evaluate analyzer response across the measurement range of the analyzer. SBCAPCD performs daily automated calibrations “AutoCals”. Six days a week the AutoCals may include the completion of a zero/precision (“one point QC check”), a zero/span check, or a zero/precision/span check on a rotational basis following all EPA requirements. . The automated weekly “AS IS” three point upscale multi-point calibration provides added assurance of instrument linearity. Once a month, and in conjunction with any repairs that could influence analyzer linearity and/or adjustments not due to normal analyzer drift, SBCAPCD performs a full four upscale point “full” multi-point calibrations. All calibrations are performed utilizing the in-station calibration system which includes a NIST traceable gas standard. Results of both automated and manual calibrations (both the analyzer and photometer results) are captured and stored by the station data logger, later transmitted and stored in the AirVision central data system database. Other calibration details for manual calibrations are recorded in the station log.



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Whenever data is bracketed in time by one or more calibration checks outside of allowable tolerances (zero <+/-0.41 ppm, upscale points <+/-10.1%), that data must be invalidated and corrective action to bring the analyzer back into tolerance must be taken. The procedures for handling data associated with out of tolerance conditions are outlined in detail in Section 6 of the SBCAPCD Data Review and Validation SOP. 5.1 Calibration at Altitude Calibrating the instrument at altitude requires no special adjustments because it compensates for changes in temperature and pressure. Prior to calibration, verify the operation of the internal pressure transducers in the instrument by recording the values of temperature and pressure from the instrument and from a certified transfer standard for one point. NOTE: The air monitoring stations data acquisition system (DAS) is used for primary data recording, therefore the stations DAS data values should be used for calibration calculations in lieu of the analyzer display readings. 5.2 As Is Calibration AS-IS instrument calibrations should be made prior to making any analyzer repairs or adjustments. AS-IS calibrations can be automated or manually performed. The dedicated station calibration system, traceable to authoritative gas standards, is utilized for these calibrations. Both the automated calibrations and any necessary manual calibrations are controlled and recorded by the station data logger. The data logger will control the station calibration system through either contact closure or Modbus commands. The data logger is also programmed to automatically capture the response of the carbon monoxide analyzer for each calibration point performed. The data logger is programmed to step through the calibration sequence, running each point long enough for a minimum of 5 minutes of stable trace from the analyzer based on historical response time for that site’s equipment. The analyzer operational information typically recorded on a calibration form (slope, intercept, flow, etc.) is automatically being recorded real time by the station data logger and stored in the AirVision database. Any additional information needed to document manual calibrations is entered in the site logbook. The data logger calibration program is configured to perform the following sequence (points 1-5) for “full” multi-point calibrations. Zero/span calibrations consist of only Points 1 and 2. Zero/precision calibrations consist of only Points 1 and 5. The three upscale point multi-point calibrations consist of Points 1, 2, 5, and a mid-point with a target carbon monoxide concentration of 20 ppm. Point 1 – Zero Point 2 – Target Carbon Monoxide Concentration of 40 ppm Point 3 – Target Carbon Monoxide Concentration of 25 ppm Point 4 – Target Carbon Monoxide Concentration of 12 ppm Point 5 – Target Carbon Monoxide Concentration of 5 ppm



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Following each three or four upscale point multi-point calibration that is performed (automated or manual), the results must be validated. The procedure for validating a multi-point calibration is as follows: 1) Run a calibration result report in AirVision for the calibration being validated. 2) Review the Carbon Monoxide analyzer electronic strip chart for each point of the calibration. Ensure that for each point the captured result on the AirVision report matches the stable reading on the charts. For a calibration point to be considered stable, it should be a constant value, not trending upwards or downwards for at a minimum the last 5 minutes of the calibration point. If any calibration points that were stable, but the captured value is incorrect, edit the AirVision calibration database to correctly reflect the analyzer response. If any calibration points did not meet the stability requirement, exclude these points from the AirVision calibration database. 3) Confirm that the compressed gas cylinder and dilution flow controller certifications were valid at the time of the calibrations. If either of these certifications were not valid, exclude all points of the calibration from the AirVision database and immediately take corrective action to ensure valid certifications for the compressed gas cylinder and dilution flow controllers, and re-run the multi-point calibration. 4) Confirm that the database tracking equipment locations, lists the correct Carbon Monoxide analyzer and calibrator utilized for this calibration. If the equipment tracking database is incorrect, make the corrections to the database. 5) If any of the validation steps resulted in exclusion of calibration points, take the necessary corrective action and re-run the calibration. 6) After passing the above validation steps, review the calibration result report to ensure that the analyzer linearity meets the criteria listed in Table 2 above. Should the linearity criteria not be met, corrective action is taken to correct the non-linear response, followed by a full multi-point calibration as outlined in section 5.3 of this SOP. Following all “AS IS” calibrations, zero and span drift is evaluated by the criteria listed in Table 2. If the zero and/or span response is outside of adjustment criteria, the instrument is adjusted and a final calibration is performed following the procedure in Section 5.3 of this SOP. Should the “as is” calibration results show any out of tolerance conditions, data will be invalidated back to the last period of data bracketed by checks showing in tolerance conditions. See SBCAPCD Data Review and Validation for more details. 5.3 Final Calibration As previously stated a Final calibration is conducted when an AS-IS calibration exceeds zero/span adjustment criteria, fails linearity criteria, or following major repairs. After performing any necessary maintenance or instrument repairs, adjust the analyzer zero and span with the following procedure: 1) Disable the Carbon Monoxide concentration channel in the station data logger. 2) Using the station calibrator, run a manual zero point until the analyzer response meets stability requirements.



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3) Zero the instrument by following the steps in the relevant instruction manual. Refer to Section 9.2 “Manual Calibration” in the T300/300E instruction manual. 4) Using the station calibrator, run a manual 40 ppm span until the analyzer response meets stability requirements. 5) Span the instrument by following the steps in the relevant instruction manual. Refer to Section 9.2 “Manual Calibration” in the T300/300E instruction manual. 6) The new Carbon Monoxide analyzer slope and intercept values will be automatically recorded by the data logger, transmitted and stored in the AirVision database. 7) Return to Section 5.2, follow the same procedures for an AS-IS calibration to complete the final calibration. 8) Note that a “full” multi-point calibration is required following any adjustment not due to normal analyzer drift and/or instrument repair/maintenance that could influence analyzer linearity. If the analyzer adjustment was needed due to only normal instrument drift, a final zero/span or three upscale point multi-point calibration is sufficient.



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6.0 ROUTINE SERVICE CHECKS 6.1 General Information The following routine service checks are to be performed in accordance with the maintenance schedule (Table 3). Perform the routine service checks at least at the prescribed intervals. Some site operators may need to perform these checks more frequently. Detailed routine maintenance procedures can be found in Chapter 11 of the instruction manual. Tracking analyzer operational data is automated by AirVision. All operational parameters (flows, temperatures, etc.) are automatically recorded by the site data logger and transmitted and stored in the AirVision database. Additionally, each operational parameter is configured in the AirVision database to send an email alarm to the appropriate site operator whenever the operational parameter approaches out of tolerance conditions. All other service checks are documented in the station log. Task Continuous Daily* Weekly Monthly Annual or As

Required Check power and warning messages

X

Review electronic charts and concentration data

X

Email alarm for operational parameters approaching out of tolerance

X

Review operational parameters

X

Change inlet filter X Automated AS-IS three upscale point Multi- point calibration

X

Automated AS-IS four upscale point Multi- point calibration

X

Re-build or replace sample pump

X

Check Flowrate calibration X Leak Check X

Table3: Maintenance Schedule * Daily indicates that for each working day where the site technician visits the station, this check should be performed.



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6.2 Daily (or Each Visit) Checks Daily (or each site visit) review instrument diagnostic and concentration data, automated calibration values and electronic charts for any indication of analyzer malfunction. Check the instruments for any error/fault messages. 6.3 Weekly Checks In AirVision, retrieve and review the hourly operational parameters for the Carbon Monoxide analyzer, noting any unexpected shifts, indications of invalid data, and/or trends to watch. Validate the automated multi-point calibration in the AirVision database. 6.4 Monthly Checks Change the particulate filter located inside the instrument and document in the site log. Validate the automated 4 upscale point multi-point calibration in the AirVision database. 6.5 Annual or As Required Checks Re-build or replace the sample pump when operational parameters indicate a loss of sample flow not attributed to restrictions to flow. Follow the procedures included with the pump re-build kit. Confirm the flowrate measured by the analyzer is accurate following the flow calibration procedure in the instrument manual. Perform a leak test of the instrument following the procedure in the instrument manual. A leak test should be performed whenever changes to the pneumatic system are made.



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7.0 MAINTENANCE AND PROCEDURES

7.1 General Information The instrument is designed to operate unattended for long periods of time. Other than the routine service checks outlined in section 6.0 of this SOP, the 300E/T300 need very little maintenance. However, preventative maintenance requirements may vary from instrument to instrument, thus operators should refer to the instrument instruction manual to become familiar with maintenance requirements. If station operators cannot repair an instrument using procedures stated in the instruction manual, contact the IT/Monitoring Supervisor.



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8.0 TROUBLESHOOTING

8.1 General Information The TAPI 300E and TAPI T300 have been designed to rapidly detect possible problems and allow for their quick evaluation and repair. During operation, the analyzer continuously performs self-test diagnostics and provides the ability to monitor the key operating parameters of the instrument without disturbing monitoring operations. Any diagnostic parameters which drift outside of the acceptable range will cause AirVision software to generate an alert to be emailed to the site operator. Should instrument malfunctions occur and troubleshooting is required to determine the problem, operators should refer to Chapter 12, “Troubleshooting and Repair Procedures” in the 300E/T300 instruction manual.



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9.0 QUALITY CONTROL/QUALITY ASSURANCE Quality control checks are performed as outlined in Section 5.0 of this SOP as well as the Santa Barbara County APCD Gas Pollutant Quality Assurance Project Plan. The results of these checks are used in validating data from carbon monoxide analyzers. The procedures for handling data associated with out of tolerance quality control checks are outlined in detail in Section 6 of the SBCAPCD Data Review and Validation SOP. In general, whenever data is bracketed in time by one or more calibration checks outside of allowable tolerances (zero <+/-0.41 ppm, span/1 pt. QC points <+/-10.1%), that data must be invalidated and corrective action to bring the analyzer back into tolerance must be taken. In addition to calibration checks being used to validate data from carbon monoxide analyzers, the operational parameters of the analyzer are reviewed to ensure that these variables are within operational tolerance for all valid data. Quality Assurance checks, such as annual performance audits are also utilized to assist in the validation of carbon monoxide data. Whenever a performance audit shows an out of tolerance condition, the issue is immediately investigated by the site operator and documented in the site log. Should this investigation show the analyzer in an out of tolerance condition, data is invalidated for the out of tolerance period.



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10.0 REFERENCES • Primary Quality Assurance Organization (PQAO) website

http://www.arb.ca.gov/aaqm/qa/qa.htm • SBCAPCD Data Review and Validation SOP, First Revision • 40 CFR 50 Appendix C • TAPI 300E Carbon Monoxide analyzer operation manual • TAPI T300 Carbon Monoxide analyzer operation manual • “EPA Traceability Protocol for Assay and Certification of Gaseous Calibration

Standards”, May 2012 (EPA/600/R-12/531 • SBCAPCD Gas Pollutants QAPP, First Revision. • SBCAPCD TAPI T700/700E Dilution Calibration System, First Edition • CARB Corrective Action Notification (CAN) SOP -

https://www.arb.ca.gov/aaqm/qa/pqao/can/can_sop.pdf

http://www.arb.ca.gov/aaqm/qa/qa.htm



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Appendix A – Example Calibration Form

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