tense review. present forms present simple permanent (changeless) situations or states she works as...
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TENSE REVIEW
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PRESENT FORMS
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PR
ESEN
T S
IMPLE
Permanent (changeless) situations or states
She works as a nurse.
She owns a large shop.
Repeated/habitual actions(especially with frequency adverbs)
I usually get up at 7.30.
Permanent truths or laws of nature
Money doesn’t buy happiness.
Water freezes at 0°C .
Timetables/Programmes
The match finishes at 7:45.
Reviews/sports/commentaries/dramatic narrative
Meryl Streep acts brilliantly in this film.
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Time expressions;
Every day/week month/year
Usually
Often
Always
Rarely
Never
Sometimes
In the morning
In the evening
In the afternoon
At night
On Mondays etc.
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PR
ESEN
T
CO
NTIN
UO
US
Temporary (changeable) situations
They’re staying at the Park Hotel at present.
Actions happening at or around the moment of speaking
She is looking for a better job.
I’m reading Elif Şafak’s Forty Rules of Love.
Repeated actions with “always” expressing annoyance or criticism
She is always interrupting me
Fixed arrangements in the near future
The Browns are visiting us tonight.
I’m flying to İstanbul this weekend.
Changing or developing situations
His English is getting better.
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time expressions
Now
At the moment
At present
Nowadays
Today
Tonight
Always
Still
Right now etc.
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PR
ESEN
T
PER
FEC
T
Recently completed actions which has evidence in the present
She has tidied her room.
(She has finished tidying her room. You can see it is tidy now. EVIDENCE IN THE PRESENT)
He has painted the room. (The paint is wet.)
Actions which happened at unstated past time.
He has lost his keys. (We don’t know when. )
He has sold his car. (When? We don’t know)
For actions which started in the past and continue up to the present
She has lived in this house for two years. (She still lives in this house.)
For past actions whose time is not mentioned but it is connected with the present.
I have seen Madonna. (I may meet her again; she’s still alive.-period of time not finished yet.)
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Time expressions;
Just
Ever
Never
Already
Always
How long
So far
Recently
Today
This week
This month
Yet(negatives / questions)
Since(from a starting point in the past)
For (over a period of time)
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PR
ESEN
T P
ER
F. C
ON
T
Actions started in the past and continuing up to the present
He has been writing a letter for two hours. (He stared two hours ago and still writing it.)
Past actions of certain duration which has visible results or effects in the present
She has been crying. (Her eyes are red.)
Actions expressing anger, irritation, annoyance, explanation or criticism
Who has been using my toothbrush? (annoyance)
Emphasis on duration (usually with for, since or how long)
She’s been calling on client since this morning.
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Time expressions;
How long
Since
for
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NOTE
live, feel, and work can be used either in the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Cont. with no difference in meaning.
I’ve been living in Rome for a year.
=
I’ve lived in Rome for a year.
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PAST FORMS
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PAS
T S
IMPLE
Complete action or event which happened at a stated past time. (In present Perfect time is not stated.)
She called an hour ago. (-When? -An hour ago.)
Past actions which happened one after the other.
She sealed the letter, put a stamp on it, and posted it.
Past habit or state
He used to go to school on foot.
He went to school on foot.
Action which happened at a definite past time although the time is not mentioned. This action is not connected with the present. (Remember the example about Madonna to compare it with Present Perfect)
Shakespeare wrote a lot of plays. (Shakespeare is now dead; he won’t write again.-period of time now finished.)
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Time expressions;
Yesterday
Last (week, year, week etc. )
… ago
Then
Just now
When……
In 1986 etc.
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PAS
T C
ON
TIN
UO
US
Action in the middle of happening at a stated past time
He was playing tennis at 4:30 yesterday
Past action in progress interrupted by another past action.
While I was getting dressed, the bell rang.
Two or more past actions happening at the same time
While I was sunbathing, Tim was swimming.
Description to events in a story
She was flying to Paris…
The sun was shining…
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Time expressions;
While….
When…
As… etc.
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FUTURE FORMS
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