term - linguapeace europe · web viewin the logistic processes of supply, maintenance, or...

LINGUAPEACE EUROPE LINGUAPEACE EUROPE GLOSSARY OF TERMSGLOSSARY OF TERMS WITH EXAMPLES WITH EXAMPLES

TERM Abbn MEANING

absent without leave AWOL

Away, without permission, from your station or place of duty.

Example: As a result of his personal difficulties, the youngsoldier went AWOL.

absolute emergency

A type of call to the MEDEVAC helicopter, indicating mortal wounds or ailments. Compare priority, tactical emergency.

Example: Because of the degree of devastation, the battalion commander declared an 'absolute emergency'.

access point A point on a buffer zone (BZ) boundary, where the police stop vehicles to check the drivers' and passengers' passes.

access to classified information

The ability, permission, and opportunity to obtain knowledge of classified information. Some people are prevented by security

measures from having access to classified information.

Example: The clerk was considered a security risk and was therefore denied access to classified information.

accidental attackAn unintended attack which occurs without being commanded at a national level. It can be a direct result of a random event, such as a

mechanical failure, a simple human error, or an unauthorized action by a subordinate.

accountabilityThe obligation on an officer or other person to keep accurate records

of property, documents, or funds. The person having this obligation may or may not have actual possession of the property, documents, or funds.

accounts officer One of the civilian administrators in a PKO's finance section - may also be Finance Officer.

accuracy of fire

A measure expressing the closeness of a grouping of shots around the centre of a target.

Example: The circumstances and terrain posed extreme difficulty for all concerned, as a result the accuracy

of fire was degraded and the attack ineffectual.

acoustic intelligence ACINT Information derived from the collection and processing of acoustic phenomena.

acoustic mine A mine with an acoustic circuit which responds to the acoustic field of a ship or sweep.

acoustical surveillance The employment of electronic devices, including sound-recording,

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receiving, or-transmitting equipment, for the collection of information.

Example: Acoustical surveillance was deployed and the submarine was quickly tracked down.

active air defence

Direct defensive action taken to destroy, nullify, or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air and missile threats against friendly

forces and assets. It includes the use of aircraft, air defence weapons, and electronic warfare.

Example: Once the troops and installation were in position on the island an active air defence was quickly established.

active aircraft

Aircraft currently engaged in flying missions. These aircraft may be directly assigned to operational units or be involved

in the logistic processes of supply, maintenance, or modification.

Example: As a result of the mission, the number of active aircraft the enemy was able to deploy was significantly reduced.

active defence The employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny a contested area or position to the enemy.

active duty AD

Full-time operational duty in the military service.

Example: When the war was over, he was retired from active duty and took up a post at the MODD.

active mine A mine actuated by the reflection from a target of a signal emitted by the mine.

actual time of arrival ATA

The time at which units supplies etc really arrive, in contrast to the estimated time of arrival, which is a projection.

Example: The ETA was 1800; however, with favourable conditions the ATA was fortunately 1743.

actual time of departure ATD The time at which units supply, etc are really departing, in contrast

to the estimated time of departure.

adjustment of fire

The process used in artillery and naval gunfire to obtain the correct bearing, range, and height of a burst (if time fuses are used)

when a target is being engaged by direct observation.

Example: The gunnery officer made an adjustment of fire, which was immediately more effective and produced impressive results.

Administration & A & P

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Personnel

Office where all paperwork for personnel is handled.

Example: On arrival he reported to Administration & Personnel, where he received instructions to report immediately for duty.

Administration Unit - Established Missions AU-EM

A generic term covering any of the following PKO departments dealing with established missions: Personnel Management & Support Service, Field Administration & Logistics Division,

Office of Planning & Support.

Example: Following his injuries he was assigned AU-EM duties at the Field Administration & Logistics Division.

Administration Unit - Special Missions AU-SM

A generic term covering any of the following PKO departments dealing with special missions: Personnel Management &

Support Service, Field Administration & Logistics Division,Office of Planning & Support.

administrative officer AO A civilian responsible for administrative tasks.

Administrative Support Unit ASU

A generic term covering any of the following PKO departments: Logistics & Communications Service, Field Administration &

Logistics Division, Office of Planning & Support.

advance force

A temporary grouping within an amphibious task force which precedes the main body to the objective area. Its function is to participate in

preparing the objective for the main assault by conducting such operations as reconnaissance, seizure of supporting positions,

minesweeping, preliminary bombardment, underwater demolitions,and air support.

advance guard

A detachment sent ahead of the main force to ensure its uninterrupted advance. Its duties are to:

a. Protect the main body against surprise attack.

b. Facilitate the advance by removing obstacles and repairing roads and bridges.

c. Provide cover for the deployment of the main force if it is committed to action.

Example: An advance guard was quickly mobilized to deter the enemy from advancing that evening.

advance party; advance team

A team whose duties are (a) to make a reconnaissance of an area in order to assess the availability of accommodation and logistic resources

and establish a list of essential items and facilities which cannot be obtained in that area, and (b) to prepare for the changeover or rotation

between national contingents.

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advanced base

A base located in or near an operational area whose primary mission is to support military operations.

Example: The advanced base was soon overcome and the mission progressed to the main target area.

advanced landing field

An airfield, usually having minimum facilities, in or near an objective area.

advanced operations base AOB

A small temporary base established near or within a joint special operations area. Its function is to command, control,

and/or support training or tactical operations.

aeromedical evacuation AE

The use of air transportation for the movement of patients under medical supervision to and between medical treatment facilities.

Example: The injured were AE'd to the support area for treatment.

aide-de-camp ADC

A member of a force commander's personal staff who helps the FC with his or her duties.

Example: The ADC had made effective arrangements and the admiral's visit went very smoothly.

air alert

A state of readiness or precautionary measures in expectation of an enemy attack from the air.

Example: The raid was conducted during an air alert, which hampered progress and limited manoeuvrability.

air attack See 'coordinated air attack'.

air cargo

Stores, equipment, or vehicles which do not form part of the aircraft, but which are included in its payload.

Example: As a result of the manoeuvre, the air cargo quickly detached and was lost.

air controller Another term for 'air traffic controller'.

air corridor

A restricted air route specified for use by friendly aircraft and established for the purpose of preventing friendly

aircraft from being fired on by friendly forces.

air defence AD

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All defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles in the earth's atmosphere, or to nullify

or reduce the effectiveness of such attacks.

Example: AD assets were sufficient for the task; nevertheless, the opportunity was wasted and the enemy scored successes.

air defence area

1. A specifically defined airspace in overseas missions for which air defence must be planned and provided.

2. An airspace of defined dimensions designated by the appropriate agency, within which the ready control

of aircraft is required in the interests of national security during an air defence emergency.

Example: An air defence area was quickly established to protect the corridorand the deployment commenced.

air defence artillery ADA

Weapons and equipment for actively combating air targets from the ground.

Example: Following the attack, ADA assets were depleted and the effectiveness of the operation significantly impaired.

Air Defence Control Centre; Air Defence Operations Centre

ADCC;ADOC

The principal information, communications, and operations centre for the supervision and coordination of all aircraft,

anti-aircraft operations, air defence artillery, guided missiles, and air warning functions over a specific area of air defence

responsibility.

Example: The ADOC was quickly neutralized andconfusion reigned.

air deliveryThe air transport and landing of personnel and equipment.

Example: There would be an air delivery to replenish supplies and ammunition.

.

air liaison officer ALOAn officer with flying expertise attached to a ground unit,

who functions as the primary advisor to the ground commander on air operation matters.

air logistic support

Support for an operation by means of air transport, including air supply, the movement of personnel, the evacuation ofcasualties, and the recovery of equipment and vehicles.

Example: The unit would be deployed to provide air logistic support.

air point of disembarkation APOD

The destination airport.

Example: The APOD was located close to the theatre of operations and the facility proved ideal.

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air point of embarkation APOE The departure airport.

air reconnaissance

The acquisition of information by means of visual observation from aircraft, and/or the use of sensors in aircraft.

Example: Effective air reconnaissance on the part of theenemy resulted in the unit's quick detection.

air route The navigable airspace between two points, identified in accordance with flight rules.

air sentryA guard who watches for incoming hostile aircraft or missiles.

Example: The facility would serve as an air sentry and buy time for the retreating forces.

air strike An airborne attack against any tactical or strategic target (but not including support for friendly troops on the ground).

air supply The delivery of cargo by aircraft, either by airdrop or landing.

air support

All forms of protection and assistance given by air forces to operations on land or sea.

Example: Air support would be provided by 1 Sqn Harrieraircraft deployed nearby.

air surveillance

The systematic observation of all aircraft and missiles in anairspace by electronic, visual or other means, primarily

for the purpose of identifying and determining their movements.

Example: As a result of effective air surveillance within theatrethe enemy's activities were closely monitored.

air surveillance officer ASOAn individual responsible for coordinating and maintaining

an accurate, current picture of the air situation within an assigned airspace area.

air traffic control ATC

The regulation of movements of aircraft in an airspace.

Example: ATC procedures were not followed and the accident was the result.

air traffic control service ATCS

A service provided for the purpose of:

a. Preventing collisions between aircraft, or collisions between aircraft and obstacles on the ground.

b. Regulating the movements of aircraft to maintain an orderly flow.

Example: The facility would provide an ATCS for the exercise and prove extremely effective.

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air traffic controller A person especially trained for and assigned to the duty of air traffic control.

air transport liaison officer ATLO

An officer attached to a headquarters or unit who has the duty of communicating with other units on matters

regarding the movement of personnel or equipment by air.

airborne abnDescribes personnel, troops, or ground units whose

special training or primary mission is to make assault landings from the air, either by parachuting or touchdown.

airborne force A force composed primarily of ground and air units organized, equipped, and trained for airborne operations.

airborne operation

The organized movement, by air, of combat forces and their logistic support into an objective area for the purpose

of executing a particular mission.

Example: The mission then became an airborne operation and was quickly concluded.

airborne warning & control system AWACS

A military surveillance system, carried by aircraft, that is capable of tracking a large number of other aircraft

from a great distance.

Example: The AWACS aircraft was quickly deployed to monitor the situation and report on progress.

aircraft carrier CVA warship designed to support and act as a base for aircraft.

An aircraft carrier can also engage in attacks on targets afloat or ashore, and in sustained operations in support of other forces.

aircraft commander ACThe aircrew member officially designated as being in command of an aircraft and responsible for its safe

operation and accomplishment of the assigned mission.

airdrop

A parachute jump or a supply delivery by parachute from an aircraft in flight. In logistics, the term vertical

replenishment is sometimes used instead.

Example: An airdrop was arranged and the supplies were eventually received by that means.

airfield traffic

All traffic on the manoeuvring area of an airfield and all aircraft flying in the vicinity of an airfield.

Example: Fortunately, airfield traffic was light at the time and theclearance process rapid..

airlift An operation to carry troops and equipment over long distances by air in order to bring them into crisis areas rapidly.

airlifters7


Personnel and planes involved in carrying out airlifts

Example: Fighters were deployed to protect the airliftersand the mission was a success.

airmobile troops Airborne troops which can be delivered into a battle zone by helicopter.

air-sea rescue ASR

The use of aircraft, including helicopters, and boats to try to save people in danger at sea.

Example: The ASR helicopter was deployed immediately and the survivors rescued without delay.

airspace control system ACS

The organizations and personnel, together with their policies, procedures, and facilities, involved in ensuring the safe, efficient, and

flexible use of airspace.

Example: ACS staff were called upon to investigate the matter to determine the cause of the incident.

airspace restrictions

Special restrictive measures applied to segments of airspace of defined dimensions.

Example: Because of local airspace restrictions, the aircraft had to climband maintain height for the remainder of their passage.

air-to-air guided missile

A guided missile launched from an aircraft, for useagainst airborne targets.

air-to-surface guided missile

A guided missile launched from an aircraft, for use against targets on land or sea.

Allied Command Europe ACE

One of the two major military commands of NATO, covering an area from the northern tip of Norway to the eastern border of Turkey. Its primary role is to guarantee the

security and territorial integrity of NATO member states.

allocationThe distribution of limited resources among competing requirements.

Example: The unit's allocation of ammunition was insufficient for the task.

Allowance & Payment Officer APO One of the civilian administrators in a PKO's finance section.

ALPHAThe letter A in the phonetic alphabet.

Example: Alpha Two Zero was deployed in support of his colleague and proved extremely effective.

alternate airfieldAn airfield specified in the flight plan to which a flight may

proceed when it becomes inadvisable to land where originally intended. The airfield of departure may be an alternate

airfield.

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alternate command post

Any location designated by a commander to assume command post functions in the event that a command post becomes

inoperative. This may be the command post of a subordinate unit. It may be lacking in the normal levels of equipment and manning.

ambulance A special vehicle used for taking ill or injured people to hospital.

ambulance post AP An ambulance with a driver and a medic.

ambush

If someone is lying or waiting in ambush, they are hiding and waiting for someone in order to attack them.

Example: Sadly, the party was then ambushed in the open and allwere lost.

ambush patrol A military patrol that is hiding and waiting in ambush.

ammunition ammo

Infantry bullets/projectiles for use with small arms, cannons, and mortars, plus combat grenades and pyrotechnics.

Example: The troops were low on ammo and, as a result, had to limittheir response.

ammunition dump A place where ammunition is stored.

amphibious

Used for describing military operations or forces that arelaunched or landed from the sea in order to carry out actions

on land.

Example: Amphibious forces were deployed and their capability proved decisive.

amphibious assault

The principal type of amphibious operation that involvesestablishing a force on a hostile or potentially hostile shore.

Example: The amphibious assault was a success and the mission quickly concluded.

amphibious force AF

An amphibious task force and a landing force together with other forces that are trained, organized, and equipped

for amphibious operations.

Example: The AF came under attack subsequently and many craft were lost.

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amphibious operationA military operation launched from the sea by an amphibious force.

The force is embarked in ships or other craft with the primary purpose of introducing a landing force ashore to accomplish the

assigned mission.

anti-aircraft AAIntended to destroy or defend against enemy aircraft.

Example: The force then came under AA fire and had to re-route.

anti-aircraft artillery AAA

Artillery intended to destroy or defend against enemy aircraft.

Example: Bravo Four Four then turned its attention on theAAA facilityand destroyed it.

anti-aircraft machine gun AAMG A machine gun mounted on a special carriage and used for air defence.

anti-ambush drill Military actions to be taken when caught in an ambush.

anti-armour helicopter Another term for an anti-tank helicopter.

anti-lift deviceA device designed to detonate the mine to which it is attached,

if the mine is disturbed. An anti-lift device can also be designed to detonate another mine or charge nearby.

anti-personnel mine AP; Apers

A mine designed to injure or kill soldiers who are on foot. Anti-personnel mines can present an enormous danger

to the civilian population (eg in Cambodia, Afghanistan). Anti-personnel mines are also known as 'bouncing betties'.

Example: The soldier spotted the ARs and immediately warned his comrades.

anti-tank barrier Any object which is used for stopping the movement of tanks, eg a wrecked car, specially designed steel bars.

anti-tank ditch A ditch for defence against armoured vehicles.

anti-tank guided missile

AGM; ATGM

A guided missile designed to destroy or damage enemy tanks and large military fighting vehicles.

anti-tank guided weapon ATGW

Any kind of anti-tank weapon controlled by a guidance system.

Example: The unit deployed ATGWs, which proved extremelyeffective against the advancing forces.

anti-tank helicopterA helicopter which is mainly equipped with anti-tank weapons, for use in the destruction of armoured targets. Anti-tank helicopters support ground forces in anti-tank measures. Anti-tank helicopters are also

called 'tank killers'.

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anti-tank mine AT; Atk A mine used for anti-tank measures. Often laid in addition to other mines.

anti-terrorism AT

Defensive measures to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and property to terrorist acts, including limited response

and containment of the threat by local military forces. Compare 'counterterrorism'.

Example: The government introduced anti-terrorism measures without delay and deployed units specializing in counter-terrorism.

.

anti-terrorism awareness

Fundamental knowledge of the terrorist threat and of measures to reduce personal vulnerability to terrorism.

area assessment

The collection of specific information about an area that a commander is required to undertake upon assignment to that

area and continuously after that. It can confirm, correct, refute, or add to previous intelligence acquired from area studies

and other sources.

Example: Once he had completed an area assessment, the commander deployedhis forces appropriately.

area bombingThe bombing of a target which is a general area rather

than a small or pinpoint target.

Example: The tactic deployed was that of area bombing.

area command

A command which is composed of those organized elements from one or more of the Armed Services that have been designated to operate in a specific geographical area, under the authority

of a single commander.

Example: The general was given an area command on completion of his staff duty at the MOD.

Area Control Centre ACC A unit established to provide air traffic control services to flights in control areas under its jurisdiction.

area coordination group

A composite organization, including representatives of local military, paramilitary, and other governmental agencies and

their counterparts, which is responsible for planning and coordinating internal defence and development

operations in a given area.

Example: Having been given command of the area coordination group, the colonel did not waste time

in developing an overall strategy.

area damage controlMeasures taken before, during, or after hostile action, to

reduce the probability of damage and to minimize its effects.

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Area damage control can also be applied in relation to naturalor man-made disasters.

Example: Effective area damage control measures were taken, which quickly restored order.

area of influence

A geographical area in which a commander is directly capable of influencing military operations, by means of

manoeuvres or fire support.

Example: Unfortunately, the incident was outside his area of influence and he was unable to take evasive action to

protect his remote forces.

area of influence line

(In peacekeeping) a line between areas of influence drawn by various parties (including the UN) in order to clarify the situation on

the ground for themselves. Such lines do not involve any formal agreement and are in fact seldom

widely accepted.

Example: The area of influence line passed directly between the 2 locations and therefore posed a potential

problem to the peacekeeping forces.

area of intelligence responsibility

An area allocated to a commander in which the commander is responsible for the provision of intelligence

within the means at the commander's disposal.

Example: The designated control zone was within the commander's area of intelligence responsibility, as a result

he was able to collect the necessary information and report accordingly.

area of interest AOIThe area of concern to a commander, including the

area of influence and areas adjacent to it, and extending into territory held by parties to the conflict.

area of limitation in/of armaments AOL

An area established immediately adjacent to a buffer zone. The usual arrangement is for the two sides to agree on an

equal presence of small, lightly-armed forces each in its own AOL.

Example: The 2 AOLs were somewhat remote from each other and therefore liaison was difficult.

area of operation AOOAO

That portion of an area of conflict that is required for the conduct of a peacekeeping operation. Each AOO is assigned a

commander who is responsible for it.

Example: The unit's AOO was extensive and control of entry proved problematic.

area of responsibility AOR The geographical area associated with a combatant command, within which a combatant commander has authority to

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plan and conduct operations.

area of separation AOS

Another term for a 'buffer zone'.

Example: The AOS designated proved to be ideally suited to the operation and was an effective buffer zone

within the theatre of operations.

armistice

A suspension or temporary cessation of hostilities by agreement between belligerent powers.

Example: Accordingly, an armistice came into force at midnight and hostilities ceased temporarily.

armistice demarcation line ADL

A dividing line between territories to which the parties have agreed in an armistice agreement. An ADL is more formal

than a ceasefire line and usually becomes a de-facto border.

Example: The armistice demarcation line was breeched and it was not long before the temporary ceasefire ended.

armour-piercingUsed for describing weapons that are able to penetrate armour.

Example: When the unit switched to firing armour-piercing shells, the effect was dramatic.

armour vestA vest made from special protective material which

offers a high protection level. An armour vest is part of the personal equipment of each soldier.

armoured ambulance A special armoured vehicle used for taking ill or injured people to hospital.

armoured carA lightly armoured vehicle, usually mounted with a turret, that is used for military reconnaissance, combat support,

and security.

armoured engineer vehicle AEV

Another term for a combat engineer vehicle.

Example: The AEV proved to be an effective combat engineer vehicle and was further deployed for this purpose.

armoured fighting vehicle

A category of vehicle including tanks, armoured cars, infantry fighting vehicles, armoured personnel carriers,

and combat engineer vehicles.

armoured infantry combat vehicle AICV A vehicle similar to an armoured personnel carrier, with the

addition of firing ports through which the infantry can fire their weapons from inside the vehicle.

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Example: He was injured when the AICV came under fire and there was little anyone could do to save him.

armoured personnel carrier APC

A lightly armoured, highly mobile vehicle, often with tracks, that is used primarily for transporting personnel and their

individual equipment during tactical operations.

Example: It was decided to deploy APCs that were better equipped to handle the terrain.

armoured reconnaissance

vehicle

A vehicle equipped with high-frequency radios and special optical equipment, such as a thermal imager, for use

in reconnaissance patrols.

armoured recovery vehicle

An armoured vehicle, with tracks, designed for rescue and recovery operations under battlefield conditions.

armourer

An enlisted man responsible for the maintenance of small arms and machine guns.

Example: The needed the skills of an armourer; however, none were available at the time and contingency measures

had to be taken.

armoury

1. All the weapons and military equipment that a country or group possesses. (The term is also used in relation

to types of weapons; for example, one can speak of a country's nuclear armoury).

2. A place where weapons and other military equipment are stored.

Example: The armoury was destroyed with a single hit and all hostilities ceased forthwith.

arms control 1. Any plan, arrangement, or process, based on explicit

or implicit international agreement, governing any aspect of the following:

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a. The numbers, types, and performance characteristics of weapon systems.

b. The numerical strength, organization, equipment, deployment, or employment of the armed forces of the

parties to the agreement. Arms control also encompasses disarmament.

2. Measures taken to reduce instability in a military environment.

Example: Arms control measures were quickly introduced. The resulting arms control treaty was introduced and

arms control became the order of the day.A comfortable peace quickly followed.

arms control agreement

The written or unwritten acceptance of one or more arms control measures by 2 or more nations.

arms control measureAny specific action taken in pursuit of arms control.

Example: That particular arms control measure proved ineffectual; however, the Agreement overall proved decisive.

arms limitation agreement

An agreement between parties to a ceasefire, on either side of a buffer zone, regarding the numbers or types of weapons

that they hold.

army corps

A tactical unit larger than a division and smaller than an army. A corps usually consists of 2 or more divisions,

together with auxiliary arms and services (such as reconnaissance, artillery, anti-tank, anti-aircraft

and maintenance supports).

Example: The army corps was brought in to lend support and the move

was decisive in the outcome of the campaign.

army groupThe largest formation of military land forces, normally comprising 2 or more 'numbered' armies or army corps

under a designated commander.

assault echelon The element of a force that is scheduled for initial assault on the objective area.

assault helicopterAny helicopter which supports ground forces in their operations,

by delivering troops or equipment, by assisting anti-tank defence measures etc. Examples of assault helicopters are

the Apache and the Blackhawk.

assembly area

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An area near the port of embarkation, where troops are gathered before embarking for a mission, or before withdrawing

from a theatre.

Example: The assault echelon were earmarked for early deployment by the army group commander and were positioned

within the assembly area awaiting orders..

asset

(In intelligence use) any instrument, person, or other resource at the disposition of an intelligence organization

for use in an operational or support role. The word is often used with a qualifying term, eg 'agent asset' or 'propaganda asset'.

Example: He proved a valuable asset who complemented thewhole and developed into an effective propaganda asset

in the long term.

assistant chief military observer ACMO

Deputy of team of military observers tasked with monitoring specific areas.

Example: He was tasked with reporting to the ACMO and with resolving the situation with due haste.

assistant chief of personnel and

logisticsACPL Deputy of section responsible for HR and supply.

assistant chief of staffACOS G1, G2 G3, G4

G5

Any of several military officers, each in charge of a different department, eg Administration & Personnel, liaison,

or operations. These departments are classified as: G1(personnel), G2(intelligence), G3(operations & training),

G4 (logistics) and G5 (civil affairs).

Example: Because of the shortfall in senior officers at that time, he was appointed ACOS with responsibility for the

G1 and G5 departments.

Assistant Chief of Staff

(Logistics)

ACOS/LOG

Second-in-command at an HQ responsible for Supply & Logistics.

Example: The ACOS (Logistics) at the time was an effective commander who ran a tight ship.

attachmentThe placement of units or personnel in an organization in order

to carry out temporary or secondary functions.

Example: He was sent on attachment to a unit overseas.

attack groupA subordinate task organization of the naval forces of

an amphibious task force. It is composed of assault shipping and supporting naval units designated to transport, protect,

land, and initially support a landing force.

Example: With the attack group in support the operation was both efficient and effective.

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attack helicopter

A helicopter specifically designed to accommodate various weapons for attacking and destroying enemy targets.

Example: With attack helicopters bringing up the rear the mission progressed smoothly, despite the attack-helicopter

force being quite modest in size.

attack origin

1. The location or source from which an attack was initiated.

2. The nation initiating an attack.

Example: The attack origin was as yet unknown; however, there were severalpossibilities among the surrounding countries.

attack position

The last position occupied by the assault echelon before crossing the line of departure.

Example: When the assault echelon left its attack position, the unit came under prolonged attack.

authenticate' A challenge given by voice or electrical means to verify the authenticity of a message or transmission.

authentication

1. A security measure designed to protect a communications system against acceptance of a fraudulent transmission by

establishing the validity of the transmission or its originator.

2. A means of identifying individuals and verifying their eligibility to receive specific categories of information.

3. Evidence that a document is genuine and official, provided by a proper signature or seal.

4. The process, during escape and evasion, whereby the identity of an escaped or recovered person is confirmed.

Example: Authentication would be required and the authorizing officer located without delay. Should all else fail, the

senior officer present should authorize the action and notify his superiors accordingly.

automatic rifleA rifle that can fire repeatedly without the need to pull

the trigger more than once.

Example: A burst of automatic fire was heard from the enemy location, which immediately caused concern. The unit

had not been aware that the enemy possessed automatic weapons,

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albeit an old automatic rifle had been discovered during an earlier mission .

automatic weapon A weapon that can fire repeatedly without the need to pull the trigger more than once.

avenue of approach AoA

An air or ground route taken by an attacking force on the way to its objective, or to key terrain in its path.

Example: A suitable avenue of approach would need to be decided prior to the action commencing.

backfill Reserve units and individuals that are recalled to replace deploying active units or individuals.

background radiation

Nuclear (or ionising) radiations to which individuals are always exposed, arising from within the body and

the general environment.

Example: The level of background radiation was acceptable; however,caution would still be necessary during the advance.

backstopping function

The overall direction, assistance, and guidance given to peacekeeping operations by various Headquarters, departments

and offices, including administrative, personnel and logistic support, purchasing and accounting services etc.

Example: Peacekeeping personnel were briefed accordingly with regard to their backstopping function, so that all were prepared.

back-up supply

A further supply to last for the duration of the mission, as a shipment to be sent later.

Example: Back up supplies were issued, nevertheless, and proved invaluable during the mission.

ballistic bomb

A bomb dropped by a plane.

Example: The enemy deployed ballistic weapons during the raid and these proved effective with ballistic bombs falling

like rain on the land forces trapped below, who were also under ballistic-missile attack at the time.

ballistic missileAny missile which does not rely upon aerodynamic surfaces

to produce lift and consequently follows a ballistic trajectory when thrust is terminated.

ballistic protectionTechniques for the protection of personnel (and materiel)

against projectiles of all kinds, such as protective blankets

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for vehicles or personal protective gear (jackets, helmets, trousers etc).

Example: The degree of ballistic protection available within the vehicle was insufficient for the task in hand.

ballistic trajectory

The trajectory of a missile etc., after the propulsive force is terminated and the missile is acted upon only by gravity

and aerodynamic drag.

Example: The ballistic trajectory of the projectile took it low over mountainous terrain.

bar mine An anti-tank mine.

barbed wire

A type of strong wire with sharp points on it, used for preventing people or animals from entering or

leaving a place, especially a field

Example: Barbed wire was used to secure the boundary.

barrage fire

Weapons fire designed to fill a volume of space or a whole area rather than aimed specifically at a precise target.

Example: A barrage of fire was the enemy response; moreover, because of its effectiveness the enemy utilised the tactic of

barrage fire again and again to deplete the enemy.

barrier Any object used for stopping the movement of vehicles.

barrier forces

Air, surface, and submarine units, together with their supporting systems, that are positioned across the likely courses of

expected enemy transit. Their function is to provide early detection and rapid warning, blocking, and destruction of the enemy.

Example: The enemy's barrier forces proved decisive in the action and were effective in stopping the advance.

barrier poleA pole used at permanent vehicle checkpoints to stop traffic.

Example: The barrier pole was raised as the vehicle approached.

base commander (In base defence operations) the officer assigned to command a base.

base defence

Military measures, required to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of enemy attacks or sabotage on a base, thus ensuring that

the maximum capacity of its facilities is available to the forces it is supporting.

Example: Base-defence measures were immediately taken to protect the new facility from enemy attack.

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basic intelligence

Essential or background information concerning the general situation, resources, capabilities, and vulnerabilities

of foreign countries or areas.

Example: Reliable sources provided basic intelligence throughout and this assisted the task greatly.

basic stocksThe supplies and equipment provided to support the

execution of approved operational plans for an initial predetermined period.

basic trainingInitial training for recruits.

Example: Following a period of basic training, recruits are given leave to preparefor the more advanced training to follow.

baton round

A plastic or rubber bullet intended to hurt but not kill people.

Example: The police had no alternative but to use baton rounds to quell the riot.

battalion BATT BAT

A military unit consisting of 3 or more companies and comprising approximately 600 men .

Example: When his forces came under sustained attack, the area commander had no alternative but to deploy the reserve BATT

and hope the increase in fire power would make the difference .

Battalion Aid Post BAPA medical facility with at least one doctor and other medical

staff that provides medical support to the battalion and carry out evacuations.

battalion commanding officer

Battalion CO

An officer in command of a battalion, ie approximately 600 men.

Example: The Battalion's commanding officer had no alternative and he reflected on the difficulties that battalion COs

face in such situations.

batteryA tactical and administrative artillery unit/sub-unit (corresponds to a

Company, or similar unit, in other branches of the Army.

Example: The battery was ordered to respond without delay.

battle fatigueAnother term for battle stress reaction.

Example: Suffering from battle fatigue, the soldier made haste to relocate his unit.

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http://dictionary.cambridge.org/cmd_search.asp?searchword=companies

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/cmd_search.asp?searchword=companies


battle map Map showing ground features in sufficient detail for tactical use by all forces, usually on a scale of 1:25000.

battle reservesReserve supplies accumulated by an army, detached corps, or

detached division in the vicinity of the battlefield, in addition to unit and individual reserves.

battle stress reaction; battle shock reaction

Nervous or psychological reactions, stress symptoms etc, experienced by soldiers as a reaction to situations that place

extraordinary pressure upon them.

Example: The officer put the soldier's response down to battle-stress reaction and considered the matter closed.

battlefield surveillance

Systematic observation of the battle area for the purposes of providing timely information and combat intelligence.

battleship A very large military ship with significant fire power.

bazooka A long tube-shaped gun, fired from the shoulder, which is used for firing missiles, mainly at military vehicles.

biographical intelligence

That component of intelligence that deals with knowledge of particular individuals, specifically foreign individuals of

actual or potential importance in a conflict.

Example: He was eventually traced following the receipt of effective biographical intelligence, which led to his capture.

biological agent

A micro-organism that causes disease in personnel, plants, or animals or causes the deterioration of materiel. The term refers mainly to micro-organisms that have been deliberately

released or propagated.

Example: He was killed by an unknown biological agent that had been secretly deployed by the enemy.

biological ammunition Ammunition whose primary active component is a biological agent.

biological & chemical warfare BCW

A warfare using bacteria or viruses of toxins to destroy men and animals or food, as well as chemical agents to kill or

injure or incapacitate the enemy.

Example: The unit was equipped to deal with biological and chemical warfare; however, a nuclear threat would be cause for

concern.

biological defenceThe methods, plans, and procedures involved in establishing

and executing defensive measures against attacks using biological agents.

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biological environment

Conditions found in an area resulting from direct or persisting effects of biological weapons.

biological threatA credible possibility of a plan to deploy biological agents

with the aim of producing casualties in personnel or animals, or damage to plants.

biological weaponAn item of materiel which projects, disperses, or disseminates

a biological agent, including small animals infected with a biological agent.

bivouac bivvy

A temporary shelter (not a tent) for sleeping outside in.

Example: The patrol therefore decided to bivvy down for the night and prepare for the task to come.

bivouac (tent) bivvy

A small light tent just big enough for one or two people to lie in, known as a 'bivvy'.

Example: Despite being designed for just one person, the bivvy was adequate emergency accommodation for the pair.

blast

The brief and rapid movement of air, vapour, or fluid away from a centre of outward pressure, as in an explosion

or in the combustion of rocket fuel. Also used to refer to the pressure accompanying this movement, and, in

common use, to the explosion itself.

Example: Although the vehicle survived the blast, its camouflage was destroyed and it was now extremely vulnerable.

blast waveA sharply defined wave of increased pressure that originates at the centre of a detonation, explosion, etc., and is rapidly

propagated through the surrounding medium.

blind spot

An area that you are not able to see or where you are not able to receive radio signals.

Example: The vehicle now entered a blind spot and he temporarily lost sight of the pursuers.

blockade

A procedure whereby a belligerent nation prevents the access of vital shipping to its enemy's coast, so that the supply of foodstuffs

and war materials is disrupted.

Example: The blockade was effective and led to a quick surrender.

blocking positionA defensive position sited in such a way as to deny the enemy access

to a given area or to prevent the enemy's advance in a given direction.

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Example: Having moved into an effective blocking position the unit gained the initiative.

blue beretsUN soldiers.

Example: A platoon of blue berets appeared and quickly quelled the disorder.

blue-water operations

Naval operations in the open sea or ocean. Compare 'brown-water operations', 'green-water operations'.

Example: The craft was equipped for brown-water operations; however,the blue-water environment would prove a different matter.

body armourAnother term for a bullet-proof vest.

Example: The blue berets were equipped with body armour, which had limited the number of casualties.

bombardment An attack involving the continuous use of bombs, shells, or missiles.

bona fides

(In evasion and recovery operations) good faith establishedbetween individuals who are unknown to one another, by

means of verbal or visual communication to confirm identity or sincerity.

Example: The bona fides were sound, nevertheless, and the 'plant' was able to operate effectively in relative security.

booby trapA device intended to kill or maim an unsuspecting personwho disturbs it. It is normally disguised as or hidden by

an apparently harmless object.

border control A capability of denying passage across a border and enforcing a closed border. Compare 'border monitoring'.

border crosser An individual, living close to a frontier, who normally has to cross the frontier frequently for legitimate purposes.

border crossing point BCP

A place to go across from one side of a border to the other.

Example: As he approached the BCP he could make out the blue berets and immediately felt secure in his actions.

border monitoringThe capacity to observe and report movements across a border,

without full border control. Border monitors are not in a position to check the nature of goods crossing the border.

boundaryA line that delineates different geographical areas for the

purpose of facilitating operational coordination and

23


avoiding operational conflicts between adjacent units, formations, or areas.

bouncing bettyAnother term for an anti-personnel mine.

Example: Sadly, he then stepped on a bouncing betty and was killed.

BRAVO The letter B in the phonetic alphabet.

bridging water barriers

The act of crossing over water barriers.

Example: The company was bridging water barriers at the time, which left it vulnerable to attack.

brief back; briefing A process prior to an operation, whereby the units involved are informed about operation goals, the situation, special orders, etc.

brigade BDE

A unit, usually smaller than a division, to which 3 or 4 battalions, plus other groups or smaller units may be attached, as dictated

by anticipated requirements.

Example: The BDE was positioned close to the front line for the purposes of operational readiness.

Brigade Commander The commanding officer of the proposed United NationsHigh-Readiness Brigade. He or she would be appointed for 2 years.

brown-water operations

Patrol operations in rivers or the mouths of rivers, for example to monitor a border.

Example: Once the unit was in theatre, brown-water operations commenced to great effect.

budget officer

One of the civilian administrators within a PKO finance section.

Example: He reported the matter to the PKO, specifically tothe budget officer, who would be required to take appropriate action..

buffer zone BZUNBZ

A neutral space created by the withdrawal of both hostile parties, in which the parties agree not to deploy military forces.

The ceasefire lines on either side of the buffer zone, often marked with fences or wire, indicate the agreed

forward limits of the contending forces. The ceasefire lines are observed and patrolled by the peacekeeping force, and

the buffer zone itself may be placed under the control of a PKO. A buffer zone is sometimes known as an 'area of separation'.

Example: It would be necessary to create a BZ. Accordingly, a UN BZ was established that would be the responsibility of the PKO.

bug (1)

24


A concealed microphone, listening device, or other audio-surveillance device.

bug (2)

To install a concealed microphone, listening device, etc in a suitable location.

Example: It was agreed that the unit's office would be bugged. Accordingly, a bug would be installed by the team at the

earliest opportunity.

bullet-proof vest

A garment worn on the upper body that is capable of resisting the impact of a bullet. The term 'body armour' is also used.

Example: Suitable body armour would be necessary to protect the individuals involved and the team was promptly issued

with bullet-proof vests.

bunker A shelter, usually underground, that has strong walls to protect the people inside it from bullets and bombs.

bypass

A manoeuvre which involves moving around an obstacle, position, or troops so as to maintain the momentum of an advance.

Example: The commander instructed the advancing forces to bypass the village as it was not a strategic obstacle.

call for fire

A request for weapons fire containing the data necessary for the fire to be on target.

Example: To assess the situation prior to the attack, the fire-control officer called for fire from the armoured division in support

of the operation..

call sign CS

Any combination of characters or pronounceable words that identifies a communications facility, a unit, an action etc. Call signs

are used primarily for establishing and maintaining communications.

Example: X-Ray 14 was instructed to descend and report level at 3000 feet, then change to operational CS 'predator' and acknowledge.

call the roll

To read aloud the names of all the people on a list to make certain that they are present.

Example: The unit commander then instructed the young sergeantto call the roll.

caltropsMetal spikes for damaging vehicle tyres.

Example: The patrol then quickly deployed caltrops close to the exitto prevent any form of quick pursuit by the vehicle.

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camouflage

The use of natural or artificial material to disguise personnel, objects, or tactical positions, with the aim of confusing,

misleading, or evading the enemy.

Example: It was fortunate that the unit had packed camouflagematerial. Without adequate camouflage they would now be extremely

vulnerable.

camouflage nettingNets coloured with a woodland pattern. They are used to hide

positions and vehicles against reconnaissance, especially aerial reconnaissance.

camp commandant The officer responsible for the local defence of a headquarters.

camp-follower

A civilian volunteer who accompanies military units, troop movements etc.

Example: At that point, the camp followers were led to a secure areafor their protection.

camp-site A military camp being used for training purposes.

cannon A large powerful gun fixed to an aircraft, ship, or land vehicle.

captain

An officer rank in the army, navy, and air force, as well as in police and fire departments. The term is also used to addressthe person in charge of a sea-going vessel, whatever the rank.

Example: He was then promoted to the rank of Lt Cdr and given his own command as captain of a minesweeper.

captive A person held or imprisoned by the enemy during a war.

captivity

The state of being a captive.

Example: The captives had been held in captivity for already forsome considerable time.

capturedHeld by the enemy during a war.

Example: Two days later he was captured while attempting tocross the border.

carbine A short light gun fired from the shoulder.

cargo manifestA document listing the items being transported by a ship or aircraft. The

term manifest is also used to describe the list of equipment

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being taken on exercise or on an operational mission.

Example: The manifest included emergency equipment in case of calamity.

cargo transport unit

A vehicle or freight container used for transporting supplies, equipment, or ammunition. The cargo transport unit may be

specially adapted to the type of goods being transported.

Example: The cargo transport unit sustained a direct hitand much equipment was lost.

cargo waybill

A document that gives information about items being transported by ship or aircraft.

Example: The cargo way bill was checked against the unit'smanifest to ensure all requirements were aboard.

cartridge-belt A belt with loops for holding cartridges.

casualty

Any member of personnel who is declared dead, or whose duty status is covered by any of the following designations:

'whereabouts unknown', 'missing', 'ill', or 'injured'.

Example: The casualties were too numerous to assess at that time; however, there were many. It was not known whether or not the captive had been among them, although it is very likely that she

had been a casualty of the attack.

casualty collection; casualty pick-up

The process of identifying casualties and moving them to a casualty collection point; the act of picking-up casualties from the

point of injury or wound.

Example: He was assigned casualty-collection duties. Having made his way to the CCP, he and his colleagues

began the gruesome task of casualty pick up.

casualty collection point CCP

A designated, centralized location where injured personnel may be brought while awaiting treatment or evacuation.

casualty evacuation CASE-VAC

The movement of injured personnel, by whatever means, to the nearest suitable medical facility, or between medical facilities.

Example: Because of the nature of his injuries it was decided tocasevac him immediately back to base.

catalogue of medical items for

peacekeeping operations

A list of drugs, consumables, and equipment available in the central UN Medical Depot in Oslo.

catering officer27


An officer responsible for the provision of food.

cease fireA command given to any unit or individual, firing a weapon of

any kind, to stop engaging the target.

Example: The order to ceasefire came soon after.

ceasefire line CFL The forward limit of the positions occupied by the troops of the opposing sides at the suspension of hostilities.

ceasefire violation CFV

The firing of weapons by either party while a ceasefire is in operation.

Example: There had been no intention on the part of the soldierto violate the ceasefire; nevertheless, a CFV had been filed

and he knew he was in trouble.

chain of command CofC

The succession of commanding officers from a superior to asubordinate through which command is exercised. The

term 'command channel' is also used.

Example: The captain had been third in the CofC and there is no question that the effectiveness of the command channel had

proved decisive.

channel of communication

A means of access to a person or place, for the purpose of conveying information.

Example: The incident had temporarily interrupted the channelof communication to great effect.

charge¹

1. The amount of propellant required to fire a projectile, ammunition round, or shell. The term can also refer to the quantity

of explosive filling contained in a bomb or mine.

2. A quantity of explosive, prepared for demolition purposes.

charge²To task someone with a particular responsibility.

Example: He was charged with keeping watch while the meeting took place, and then with taking charge of security generally thereafter.

charge³A term used to describe a disciplinary procedure.

Example: He faced a charge for the minor misdemeanour and was subsequently charged with negligence.

CHARLIE The letter C in the phonetic alphabet.

checkpoint CP;CHP 1. A permanent or temporary self-contained post, eg at an entry

point to a buffer zone, where troops or military police stop vehicles

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and pedestrian traffic (including civilians) to check documents, frisk passengers, search cars etc. Checkpoints are established to

stop the smuggling of arms, ammunition and explosives.Checkpoints can be 'static' ('fixes' in French) or 'mobile' ('mobiles').

2. A predetermined, manned location along a marching route where troops or convoys on the move 'check in' and are given further instructions concerning the route ahead. A checkpoint is sometimes

called a 'control post' or 'control point'.

Example: Several CPs had been established along the routeand they approached the first with extreme caution.

chemical agent Any toxic chemical intended for use in military operations

chemical ammunition Ammunition whose primary active component is a chemical agent.

chemical attack

The use of poisonous gases and other harmful chemicals against enemy forces.

Example: Once in theatre, the unit prepared for chemical attack,albeit such use of weapons would be unlikely.

chemical defence NBC defence

The methods, plans, and procedures involved in establishing and executing defensive measures against attack

utilising chemical agents.

Example: The order to take NBC precautions was given inreadiness for a possible enemy attack.

chemical incident report

NBC: Chem 1 NBC1

The first report filed by military observers immediately after a chemical attack. It gives the time and place of the attack and

is followed by further, more detailed reports.

Example: The NBC state was Chem 1; which hampered progressthrough the difficult terrain.

chemical surveyThe coordinated effort to determine the nature and degree

of chemical hazard in an area and to delineate the perimeter of the hazard area.

chemical weapon A weapon designed for, or capable of, delivering a chemical agent.

Chief Administrative/Admi

nistration OfficerCAO

A civilian, seconded from UN headquarters in New York, who heads the civilian administrative component of a PKO.

The CAO is responsible for all administrative functions (finance and personnel) and technical services relative to the mission's activities.

29


Chief Civilian Personnel Officer

CCPO; CPO

The civilian in charge of personnel matters relating to the civilian members of a mission.

Chief Communications

OfficerCCO

The civilian counterpart to the (military) chief signals officer. The CCO is responsible for civilian communications equipment (radio,

satellite, cryptography equipment and telephones), and for managing the mission's communications, both within the

mission area and with UN headquarters in New York.

Chief Engineering Officer CEO

A civilian staff member of the UN who heads the civilian engineering component of a mission. Working in conjunction

with the force engineer officer, the CEO is responsible for supporting engineers in the field, accommodation and construction services, power supply, and geographic support (ie map services).

Chief Finance Officer CFO

A civilian who exercises delegated authority from the controller for maintaining mission accounts and approving payments related

to the mission. The CFO supervises the Finance Section staff and the preparation of annual cost estimates and semi-annual

programme-budget performance reports.

Chief General Service/Section

Officer

CGSO CGS

A civilian, who under the direction of the CAO, manages some administrative services, namely offices (including ground maintenance) and housing accommodation (including mess halls

and kitchens).

Chief Humanitarian Officer CHO A civilian in charge of matters concerning humanitarian relief.

Chief Logistics Officer

CLOGO CLO

A military officer or civilian on the force headquarters staff, who manages planning and liaison services between military and

civilian agencies in the mission area.

Chief Medical Officer CMO CmedO Chief doctor.

Chief Military Liaison Officer CMLO The military officer in charge of liaison.

Chief Military Observer CMO The military officer in charge of an observer mission.

Chief Military Personnel

(Administrative) Officer

CMPAO CMPO The military officer in charge of personnel.

Chief Military Public/Press

Information OfficerCMPIO The military officer in charge of press and public relations.

Chief Military Transport Officer CMTO The military officer in charge of transportation matters.

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Chief Movement Control Officer CMCO

The civilian or military officer responsible for the transportation of personnel (eg military observers, civilian police, volunteers), for the hiring and chartering of aircraft and ships, and for bills of lading,

customs documentation and freight forwarding.

Chief of Mission COM

1. A military officer appointed by the UN Secretary-General as either the force commander or the chief military observer.

2. A civilian UN staff member appointed by the Secretary-General as his Special Representative.

Chief of Personnel & Logistics CPL

A UNCIVPOL police officer in charge of personnel and logistics. The responsibility may sometimes be divided between a chief personnel officer(CPO) and a chief logistics officer(CLO).

Chief of Procurement See 'Chief Procurement Officer'.

Chief of Staff COSThe military commander of UNTSO. This is the only PKO where

the title 'Chief of Staff' is still used; otherwise the term is reserved for national military organisations.

Chief Operations Officer COO The military officer who heads the operations staff.

Chief Personnel & Logistics Officer CPLO Another term for the chief of personnel and logistics.

Chief Procurement Officer CPO

A civilian who plans and budgets the procurement of goods and services, controlling the bidding process, with a view to

the timely provision of rations, equipment, stores, and contractual services. The CPO reports to the CAO and

works in coordination with logistics personnel.

Chief Signals OfficerThe military officer responsible for military communications

equipment. The Chief Signals Officer is the military counterpart to the (civilian) CCO.

Chief Transportation Officer CTO

A civilian who, under the supervision of the CISS, is responsible for the allocation of vehicle transport to staff. The CTO supervises local mechanics and drivers, and may run a pool of UN-owned

and civilian rental vehicles.

Chief, Budget & Administrative Unit CB/AU

The civilian in charge of budgeting and administration.

Example: On arrival, he reported to the CB/AU, whose office was located some way from the domestic quarters.

Chief, Buildings Management Section CBMS

The civilian responsible for the upkeep and maintenance of official premises, together with associated equipment,

appliances, and furniture.

Chief, Civilian Police CCIVPOLTop policeman, head of Civilian Police.

31


Chief, General Service/Section See 'Chief General Service officer'.

Chief, Integrated Support Services CISS

The officer, who, together with the chief of staff, exercises joint operational control over the logistic support system for

an entire mission.

cipher

Any cryptographic system in which arbitrary symbols (or groups of symbols) represent units of plain text of regular length, usually

single letters. The units of plain text may be rearranged in accordance with certain predetermined rules.

Example: He was familiar with cryptographic systemsgenerally; however, that particular cipher created a problem

of some magnitude.

citizens’ band(radio) CB (radio)

A radio communication system for members of the public.

Example: The CB radio reception was poor in that areaand therefore information had been scarce.

civil administration CA

1. An administration established by a foreign government in friendly territory, under an agreement with the government

of the area concerned, to exercise certain governmental functions.

2. An administration established by a foreign occupying power in hostile territory, which exercises executive, legislative, and

judicial authority until an indigenous civil governmentcan be established.

civil affairs activities

Activities performed or supported by designated military units to enhance the relationship between military forces and

civil authorities in areas where military forces are present. Such activities involve the application of specialist skills in

areas that are normally the responsibility of civil government.

Example: The UN forces became engaged in civil affairsactivities pending the formation of a structure suitable to

take control of the region.

civil affairs agreementAn agreement that governs the relationship between allied

armed forces located in a friendly country and the civil authorities and people of that country.

civil censorship

The control and inspection of civilian communications, such as messages, printed matter, and films that are entering, leaving,

or circulating within areas occupied or controlled by armed forces.

Example: While censorship had been in force, it had beenimpossible for the media to communicate effectively.

civil defenceAll those activities and measures that are designed or undertaken to:

32


a. Minimize the effects upon the civilian population of an enemy attack on their country.

b. Deal with the immediate emergency conditions that would be created by any such attack.

c. Carry out emergency repairs to, or the emergency restoration of, vital utilities and facilities destroyed or

damaged by any such attack.

Example: As a precaution, civil-defence measures were put in force.

civil disturbance

Group acts of violence and disorder that are prejudicial to public law and order.

Example: To divert the attention of the authorities, it had been necessary to create civil disturbance in specified area.

civil disturbance readiness conditions

The required state of preparation to be attained by military forces before being deployed to an area in response to an actual

or threatened civil disturbance.

Example: As a result of that major incident, it became necessary for the authorities to introduce civil-disturbance readiness conditions.

civil population

Civilians, ie people who are not members of the police or the armed forces.

Example: It was necessary to protect the civil population fromsuch action and appropriate measures were taken.

civil requirements

The production and distribution, during periods of armed conflict, of all types of services, supplies, and equipment that are needed to

ensure the productive efficiency of the civilian economy, and to provide to civilians the treatment and protection to which they

are entitled under customary and conventional international law.

Example: The first task was to assess civil requirements.

civil unrest

Disorderly behaviour by civilians, such as disagreements or fighting between different groups.

Example: The measures were beginning to create civil unrestand the minister was wary of exacerbating the situation.

civilian internee CIA civilian who is imprisoned or held in custody during armed conflict or occupation. This may be for security reasons, for protection, or because he or she has committed an offence

33


against the detaining power. The term is used to refer to persons interned and protected in accordance with the Geneva

Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, 12 Aug 49.

Example: During that period, she held the status of civilian internee and was relocated to a civilian internee camp

some miles outside the city.

civilian internee camp An installation established for the custody and administration of civilian internees.

civilian communication

officerCCO Another term for the chief communications officer.

civilian police unit A division of civilian police.

civil-military operation centre CMOC

A joint civilian-military structure established to ensure liaison and coordination between the military, NGOs, PVOsand the local civil administration. A CMOC is found mainly

in a PKO that contains substantial civilian elements.

civil-military operations CMO

The activities of a commander that establish, maintain, influence, or exploit relations between military forces, governmental and

non-governmental civilian bodies, and the civilian populace in an operational area, with a view to facilitating military operations

or achieving operational objectives.

Example: The unit was currently engaged in CMO activitiesand therefore had little spare capacity.

clandestine operation

An operation conducted in such a way as to assure secrecy or concealment. A clandestine operation differs from a covert operation

in that emphasis is placed on concealment of the operation rather than on concealment of the identity of the sponsor.

Example: It was while he was involved in clandestine operationsthat he met the lady concerned and established contact.

classified informationOfficial information that is designated as requiring, in the interests

of national security, a high degree of secrecy and protection against unauthorized disclosure.

Claymore mine An anti-personnel mine used for protecting a particular area, eg as used by foot patrols for perimeter defence during the night.

clearing operation An operation designed to clear or neutralize all mines and obstacles from a route or area.

close-fire supportFiring close to a position.

34


Example: During the attack, artillery units in the second line would lend close-fire support.

close protection The use of camouflage, obstacles, anti-tank weapons, sentinels, and patrols for protection of a unit against attack at close range.

closed checkpoint Another term for a road block.

close supportActions taken by a supporting force against targets or objectives

that are sufficiently near the supported force as to require detailed integration or coordination of the supporting action

with the fire, movement, or other actions of the supported force.

closed area A designated area in or over which passage of any kind is prohibited.

closure minefield

A minefield which is planned to present such a threat that waterborne shipping is prevented from moving.

Example: The aim was to establish a closure minefield and thusrender the naval forces immobile.

cluster bomb An explosive device which throws out smaller bombs when it explodes.

coalition force A force composed of military elements from different nations that have formed a temporary alliance for some specific purpose.

coastal convoy A convoy whose route is mostly situated on the continental shelf and in coastal waters.

code of conduct

A set of principles to be followed by peacekeeping forces, such as avoidance of unnecessary force, impartiality, transparency and clarity of purpose, firmness, reliability, anticipation of situations

leading to violence, and integration of different nationalities.

Example: There was a code of conduct to be followed, therefore he resisted the temptation to exact revenge.

code word A word with a secret meaning that can be thus used both to identify and to safeguard classified information or sensitive intelligence data.

collateral damage

Unintended damage, beyond the destruction of the enemy forces or installations specifically targeted, to surrounding military

or non-military resources. Collateral damage is an effect of the wide area covered by weapons fire (as opposed to the damage

caused by aiming errors).

Example: Because of the random nature of the salvo, the degreeof collateral damage had been considerable.

35


collecting pointA point designated for the assembly of casualties, stragglers, disabled materiel etc, prior to movement to further collecting

points or to rear installations.

colonelA senior rank in the army or air force.

Example: The colonel slowly rose to his feet and addressed ColonelHarris directly.

column

A group of vehicles moving under a single commander over the same route, in the same direction.

Example: As the column came into view to the south, the counter attack began.

combat areaA restricted area (air, land, or sea) that is established to prevent or

minimize mutual interference between friendly forces engaged in combat operations.

combat chart

A special naval chart, at a scale of 1:50000, designed to facilitate naval surface-fire support and close air support during coastal or

amphibious operations.

Example: According to the combat chart, the unit had been expectedin that area.

combat engineer vehicle CEV

A modified tank with a demolition gun for eliminating obstacles, a bulldozer blade for clearing debris, plus other specialized

equipment. Also called an 'armoured engineer vehicle'.

combat engineering

Tasks of construction, clearance, demolition etc that assist the tactical or operational commander to 'shape' the battle

space by enhancing mobility and creating the space and time necessary to generate mass and speed, while protecting the

force and denying mobility and key terrain to the enemy.

Example: Some combat engineering would be necessaryto smooth the way; however, protecting the engineers

during this operation would prove tricky.

combat stress Another term for battle-stress reaction.

combat support CS Fire support and operational assistance provided to combat elements.

combat vehicleA vehicle, with or without armour, which is designed for a specific fighting function. Armour protection or armaments mounted on non-combat vehicles will not normally change the classification

of such vehicles to combat vehicles.

combat zone That area required by combat forces for the conduct of operations.

36


combat-effective Effective in fighting during a time of war.

combatant command

A unified or specified command with a broad continuing mission under a single commander. Combatant commands typically have

geographic or functional responsibilities.

Example: The combatant command authority he held, was ample for the task.

combating terrorism CBT

Actions, including antiterrorism and counterterrorism, that are taken to oppose terrorism throughout the entire

spectrum of threats.

Example: As a result of the incident, CBT measures were stepped up and rigorously enforced.

combined joint task force CJTF

An entity approved by NATO leaders in January 1994, under whose auspices US materiel and forces designated for NATO

operations can be made available for non-NATO activities in out-of--area operations, such as those NATO humanitarian relief or peacekeeping operations

initiated by the WEU to deal with regional instabilities or ethnic conflicts.

Example: The support of the CJTF was forthcoming and theresources were deployed with immediate effect.

command (1)

The authority that a commander in the military service lawfully exercises over subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment.

Command includes the authority and responsibility for effectively using available resources, and for planning and controlling the

employment of military or other peacekeeping forces in pursuit of assigned missions. It also includes responsibility for the health,

welfare, morale, and discipline of assigned personnel.

Example: The general was subsequently given overall command of the operation.

command (2)An order given by a commander, that is, the will of the commander expressed for the purpose of bringing about a particular action.

Example: At the signal, the command was given to deploy.

command (3)

A unit, a group of units, an organization, or an area under the authority of one individual.

Example: Command approval would be necessary prior toany further action being taken.

command & control C2 The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designatedcommander over the forces involved in the accomplishment of

a mission. Command and control functions are performed by the

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commander through an arrangement of personnel, equipment, and communications, plus other facilities and procedures.

Example: C2 was vested in the naval commander, who wasbetter placed to direct the operation from off shore.

command & control system

The facilities, equipment, communications, procedures, and personnel essential to a commander for planning, directing,

and controlling the operations of forces in pursuit of an assigned mission.

Example: The C2 resources would include a cipher unitto monitor enemy communications.

command channel Another term for 'chain of command'.

command net

A communications network which connects one level of command with some or all of its subordinate levels for the purpose

of command and control.

Example: The message was immediately sent out on the command net, so that all units would be aware of the arrival.

command post The headquarters of a unit or sub-unit, where the commander and the commander's staff operate.

command, control, communication,

computer & intelligence

C4I

Integrated systems of doctrine, procedures, organisational structures, personnel, equipment, facilities, and communications designed to support a commander's exercise of command and control across

the range of military operations.

Example: The AWACS would provide C4I within theatre.

command, control, communication &

intelligenceC3I

Integrated systems of doctrine, procedures, organisational structures, personnel, equipment, facilities, and communications designed to support a commander's exercise of command and control across

the range of military operations.

commander The officer or other individual in charge of a unit or operation.

commanding officer CO A commanding officer commands a unit of the size of a battalion.

commando

A name given to a soldier or military unit that is specially trained to conduct dangerous operations, eg special operations forces

(SOF) or the US Navy sea-air-land commandos (Seals).

Example: A commando squadron was deployed from the carrier, which was positioned just off the coast and well within the range

of the Sea King helicopters.

commissariat

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Military department which supplies food and equipment.

Example: During the morning break, the 2 met in the commissariat.

commissary

The head of a military department that supplies food and equipment.

Example: During lunch, the commissary made an appearanceand apologised for the quality of the rations.

communications & electronics operating

instructionsCEOI

Standing operating procedures relating to the available communications facilities, including satellite, radio,

and landline communications.

Example: According to CEOIs, the facility was not to be used duringsilent-running conditions.

communications centre COMCEN

An agency charged with the responsibility for handling and controlling communications traffic. The centre normally

includes transmitting and receiving facilities.

Example: The COMCEN had been a priority target for the enemy; however, it had survived.

communications net An organization of receiving and/or transmitting stations capable of direct communications on a common channel or frequency.

company COY; coy

The basic administrative and tactical unit. It is subordinate to a battalion and consists of several platoons, normally 3 or 4 rifle

platoons and a heavy weapons platoon.

Example: The coy was deployed as soon as the coast was clear.

company aid post CAP A medical facility manned and equipped to provide advanced first aid to casualties.

compatibility

The capability of 2 or more items or components of equipment to exist or function in the same system or environment

without mutual interference.

Example: The compatibility factor was not a problem and all the ammunition was useable.

compoAn informal word for food supplies.

Example: He hated compo and wished that the army would provide better rations for its troops.

computer security COMPUSEC The protection resulting from all measures to deny unauthorized

access and exploitation of friendly computer systems.

39


Example: There was a high degree of COMPUS EC and theC4I systems remained secure.

concealmentProtection from observation or surveillance.

Example: The netting was utilised for the purpose ofconcealment and proved highly effective.

concentration area

1. An area, usually in the theatre of operations, where troops are assembled before beginning active operations.

2. A limited area on which a volume of gunfire is directed within a limited time.

confirmation of information

The reporting of an item of information for the second time, preferably by a different reliable independent source.

Example: Confirmation of information would be important, indeed essential, to confirm the detail passed.

conflicting parties The 2 or more different countries, factions etc taking part in a conflict. The term 'parties to the conflict' is also used.

confrontation line CL A general line, marking on a map, etc delineating the location where 2 opposing forces are engaged.

confrontational attitude

The positioning, movement, or general state of forces which suggests that they are prepared or about to enter into conflict.

Example: The enemy certainly appeared to be adopting a confrontational attitude by assuming the new positions.

connecting route A route which allows access between the main routes through or around an area.

constable A police officer of the lowest rank.

construction engineering officer CEO

An officer responsible for planning and management of theconstruction of structures (design of structures, cost estimating,

planning and scheduling, materials procurement, equipmentselection and cost control).

consumption rate

The average quantity of an item consumed or expended during a given time interval, expressed in the most appropriate unit of

measurement.

Example: At the consumption rate estimated, litres per hour,the supply of fuel would soon be consumed.

40


'contact lost'A term used when tracking a target, to signify that it is temporarily

lost, but believed to be still within the area of visual, sonar or radar coverage and therefore the termination of tracking is not warranted.

contact mineA mine detonated by physical contact.

Example: The enemy had laid contact mines at the entranceto the river.

contact point CP

1. An easily identifiable point on the terrain where 2 or more units are required to make contact.

2. The position at which a mission leader makes radio contact with an air control agency.

3. A location where an escaped person can establish contact with friendly forces.

contact procedures

In evasion and recovery operations, contact procedures are those pre-designated actions to be taken on link-up, and prior

to link-up, between the 2 parties in, hostile territory, with a view to facilitating the return of escaped

persons to friendly control.

Example: Prior to departure, the commander ran briefly through the contact procedures.

contact reportA report indicating any kind of detection of the enemy.

Example: Once clear of the danger area, the aircraft fileda contact report confirming the party's position.

contain

To stop, delay, or surround the forces of the enemy, or to cause the enemy to centre its activity on a given front, with the effect of

preventing the withdrawal of any part of the enemy forces for use elsewhere.

Example: There was a need to contain the fleet of patrol craftwithin the confines of the river.

contamination

1. Damage or harm caused to personnel, areas, objects, andstructures as a result of contact with radioactive material,

or biological or chemical agents.

2. The state of food or water such that its is unfit for human or animal consumption because of the presence of harmful chemicals,

radioactive elements, bacteria or similar organisms, waste products, or the by-products of decomposition.

Example: To avoid contamination, NBCD measures wereimplemented without delay.

41


contingency

An emergency involving military forces that is caused by a natural disaster, terrorists, subversives, or by the military

operations themselves. Owing to the uncertainty of the situation, contingencies require plans, rapid response, and special procedures

to ensure the safety and readiness of personnel, installations, and equipment.

Example: As soon as the presence of the terrorists becameknown, the contingency plan was implemented.

contingency operationA military operation in which members of the Armed Forces are or may become involved in hostilities against an enemy

or opposing force.

contingency operation plan COP

A formal directive in the same format as operation orders, designed to meet a contingency which is expected, but not yet imminent.

Example: In accordance with the COP, the naval force wasplaced on 30-minute readiness.

contingency planning

The preparation of likely courses of action dealing with a range of potential scenarios. This involves activities such as the preparation of

maps, the identification of sources of equipment and supplies, the identification of communications needs, and the identification

of possible troop-contributing states.

contingent CON

A group of troops and military units coming from a particular nation. The term is mostly found in conjunction with the

designation of the nation, eg 'Austrian Contingent' (AUSCON), 'British Contingent' (BRITCON),'Canadian Contingent' (CANCON).

Example: The force that would respond to that particularemergency comprised BRITCON and CANCON contingents.

contingent commander CCOMD The officer in charge who commands the contingent

contingent rotation officer CRO The military officer responsible for coordinating the changeover

between different national contingents.

continuity of command

The unbroken or uninterrupted nature of the authority of an individual in the Armed Forces over subordinate military forces, or the degree to which this remains unbroken, for example during

hostilities or in the event of transition between different commanders.

Example: Continuity of command had been essential to ensurethe smooth transition from one combat phase to another.

continuity of operations COOP

The unbroken or uninterrupted exercise of the functions, tasks, or duties necessary to accomplish a military action or mission

in pursuit of a national military strategy.

continuous fire 1. Weapons fire conducted at a normal rate without interruption

42


caused by, for example, the necessity to make adjustments or corrections.

2. The loading and firing of a weapon at a specified rate or as rapidly as is consistent with accuracy. Firing

would continue until terminated by the command 'end of mission' or should it be temporarily suspended by the command

'cease loading' or 'check firing'.

Example: Once on the beach, the unit came under continuousfire from enemy positions among the trees.

contract maintenance

The maintenance of equipment, performed under contract by commercial organizations.

Example: The firm responsible for contract maintenance had been poorly managed, which had resulted in costly delays

to the operation.

control area

Controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified height above the Earth's surface.

Example: During its return to base ,the aircraft had infringedan active control area, which had placed the crew in danger.

control point

1. Another term for a checkpoint.

2. An identifiable position marked by, for example, a buoy, boat, aircraft, signalling device, or conspicuous feature of the

terrain. The position is given a name or number and used as an aid to navigation or for the control of ships, boats,

or aircraft.

3. A point located by a ground survey with which a corresponding point on a photograph is matched as a check.

control postA post which acts as a checkpoint and is responsible for

surveillance in a given area.

control tower A building at an airport from which air traffic is observed and directed.

control zone A controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the Earth to a specified upper limit.

controllable mine A mine which, after laying, can be controlled by the user, to the extent of making the mine safe or live, or being able to fire the mine.

controlled airspaceAn airspace of defined dimensions within which an air traffic

control service is provided.

Example: Controlled airspace was to be established above43


the site to ensure discretion. Prior to entering this airspace,aircraft would be required to contact the controlling authority

and obtain clearance.

controlled crossing point CCP A border crossing point that is manned by a checkpoint; any

crossing point where movement is controlled.

controlled forces

Military or paramilitary forces under effective and sustained political and military direction.

Example: The guerrilla forces were controlled forces and were therefore extremely useful on the ground, given the magnitude

of the situation.

controlled passing

A traffic movement procedure, whereby 2 lines of traffic travelling in opposite directions are able to traverse alternately a point or section of route that can take

only one line of traffic at a time.

Example: When it came to closing that lane of highway, so thatwork could commence, a controlled-passing system was

introduced to keep the route open.

controlled port

A harbour or anchorage at which entry and departure, the assignment of berths, and the movement of vessels within the harbour or anchorage are controlled by military authorities.

Example: The facility had been designated a controlled port,which would make life extremely difficult for the smugglers.

controlled route A route that is subject to traffic or movement restrictions that may be supervised.

controlled shipping

Shipping that is designated as supplying transportation services to deploy, employ, sustain, and redeploy forces on a global basis.

Example: The seaway was extremely busy, which made the situationtenuous for the large amount of controlled shipping in the vicinity.

convention

A formal agreement between national leaders, politicians and states on a matter that involves them all.

Example: At the signing of the convention, the matter hadbeen discussed fully.

conventional forces

Those forces capable of conducting operations using non-nuclear weapons.

Example: At that time, conventional forces only had been deployed;however, the time had come to consider a different strategy.

conventional mine

44


A land mine, other than nuclear or chemical, that is not designedto self-destruct. Conventional mines are designed to be emplaced by hand or mechanical means. They can be buried or laid on the

surface, and are normally emplaced in a pattern as an aid to recording their positions.

conventional weapon A weapon which is not nuclear, biological, nor chemical.

conversion scale

A scale indicating the relationship between 2 different units or systems of measurement.

Example: Utilising his conversion scale, he was able toascertain the precise level of intoxication.

convoy

1. A number of merchant ships and/or naval auxiliaries usually escorted by warships and/or aircraft, or a single merchant ship

or naval auxiliary under surface escort that are assembled and organized for the purpose of passage together.

2. A group of vehicles organized for the purpose of control and orderly movement, with or without escort protection, that moves

over the same route at the same time and under one commander.

Example: Were the convoy to be attacked, there would be serious implications for the forces under siege.

convoy escort

A unit assigned to accompany and protect a convoy of vehicles from being scattered, destroyed or captured.

Example: The supply line would be protected effectively;accordingly, a convoy escort would be assigned to shadow the movement of the unit to its destination.

convoy routeThe specific route assigned to each convoy by the

appropriate routing authority.

coordinated air attack

A combination of 2 or more types of attack employing, for example, dive, glide or low-level tactics, in one strike and

deploying one or more types of aircraft.

Example: The large convoy then became the victim of a coordinated air attack, which effectively destroyed what remained

of the relief forces.

coordinatesLinear or angular quantities that designate the position that

a point or location occupies in a given reference frame or system.The term is also used generally to designate the particular kind

of reference frame or system such as plane rectangular coordinates or spherical coordinates.

45


Example: The unit desperately needed a grid reference toassist them in locating the crash; fortunately, the rescue

coordinating authority was able to pass coordinatesdiscretely by radio.

coordinating authority

A commander or individual assigned responsibility for coordinating specific functions or activities involving forces of two or more military

y departments, two or more joint force components, or two or more forces of the same service

corporal Corp A non-commissioned officer, with the rank immediately below that of sergeant, in an army or an air force.

Corps An army unit usually comprising 2 or more divisions and trained to carry out specific tasks.

corps commander Commander of a corps

corpsmanAnother term for a medic.

Example: The medic arrived on the scene, quickly dressedthe soldier's wounds and stabilised his condition.

correction

1. In fire control, any change in firing data to bring the mean point of impact or burst closer to the target.

2. A communication pro-word to indicate that an error in data has been announced and that corrected data will follow.

Example: The precise words used in the message were as follows:'BRAVO 40, descend and report level 2500 feet. Correction, BRAVO 40

descend and report level 3000 feet. Acknowledge.'

correlation

1. In air defence, the confirmation that an aircraft detected by one method, is the same as that detected by another, or

notified by another source.

2. That process in intelligence usage to improve the reliability or credibility of information. that associates and combines

data on a single entity or subject from independent observations.

Example: There was an urgent need to correlate the information so that the mission could proceed. Should there be

correlation, they could depart immediately.

counterattackAn attack by part or all of a defending force against an enemy

attacking force, for such purposes as regaining ground lost, or possibly cutting off or destroying enemy advance units.

Normally the general purpose of a counterattack is to denythe enemy the attainment of its objective. In sustained defensive

operations, the purpose of a counterattack

46


would normally be to restore the battle position, thus acounterattack would have limited objectives.

counter-drug operations

Civil or military actions taken to reduce or eliminate illicitdrug trafficking.

Example: The unit was employed on counter-drug operationsand had to remain covert.

counterespionage

That aspect of counterintelligence designed to detect, destroy, neutralize, exploit, or prevent espionage activities through

the means of identification, penetration, manipulation, deception, and repression of individuals, groups, or organizations that are conducting or are suspected of conducting espionage activities.

Example: Once there was knowledge of the unit's activities incountry, counterespionage measures were introduced.

counter-fire

Fire intended to destroy or neutralize enemy weapons, ie counter-battery, counter-bombardment, and counter-mortar fire.

Example: Aware of the risks, the commander had no optionother than to authorise counter-fire to distract the enemy.

counterforceThe employment of strategic air and missile forces in an effort to destroy, or render impotent, selected military capabilities

of an enemy force in any of the circumstances in which hostilities might be initiated.

counter-guerrilla warfare

Operations and activities conducted by armed forces, paramilitary forces, or non-military agencies against guerrillas.

counterinsurgency COIN Military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and civic actions taken by a government to defeat insurgency.

counterinsurgency (COIN) operation

A military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological or civic action taken to defeat insurgency.

Example: Should the guerrillas' mission be detected, the commander was certain that COIN measures would be

taken to deter their presence.

counterintelligence CI

Information gathered and activities conducted to protect againstespionage; other intelligence activities; sabotage; assassinations

conducted by or on behalf of foreign governments, or elements thereof; foreign organizations; foreign persons; or international terrorism.

Example: The mission resulted in an effective CI measure.

counterintelligence activities The 4 functions of counterintelligence: operations, investigations,

collection and reporting; also the analysis, production and dissemination thereof.

47


Example: The task included counterintelligence activities, whichwould be specified by Command once they were underway.

countermine To explode the main charge in a mine by the shock of a nearby explosion of another mine or independent explosive charge.

countermine operation

In land mine warfare, an operation to reduce or eliminate the effects of mines or minefields.

counteroffensive A large scale offensive undertaken by a defending force to seize the initiative from the attacking force.

counter-reconnaissance

All measures taken to prevent hostile observation of a force,area, or location.

counter-sabotage

An aspect of counterintelligence designed to detect, destroy, neutralize, or prevent sabotage activities through identification,

penetration, manipulation, deception, and repression of individuals, groups, or organizations who are either conducting

or are suspected of conducting sabotage activities.

countersignA secret challenge and its reply.

Example: The countersign would be a slight motion of the hand.

counter-subversion

That aspect of counterintelligence designed to detect, destroy, neutralize, or prevent subversive activities through the identification, exploitation, penetration, manipulation,

deception, and repression of individuals, groups, or organizations who are either conducting or

are suspected of conducting subversive activities.

counter-terrorism CT

Offensive measures taken to prevent, deter and respond to terrorism. Compare 'anti-terrorism'.

Example: To complete their preparation for the task,CT training was undertaken prior to their departure.

courier

A messenger (usually a commissioned officer or a warrant officer) responsible for the secure physical transmission and delivery of documents and material. A courier would generally be referred

to as a 'Command courier' or a 'local courier'.

Example: A Command courier was quickly dispatchedto deliver the documents.

courts-martialA military court that judges those members of the armed forces

who are governed by military law.

Example: In the process he had committed a courts-martial offence.

48


covered route A route which is secured by covering forces or other covering measures.

covering fire

1. Fire used to protect troops when they are within range of enemy small arms.

2. Fire delivered prior to an amphibious landing to cover preparatory operations such as underwater

demolition or minesweeping.

Example: While approaching the position the pair weregiven covering fire.

covering force

1. A force operating apart from the main force for the purposes of intercepting, engaging, delaying, disorganizing,

or deceiving the enemy before the enemy can attack.

2. Any body or detachment of troops that provides security for a larger force by observation, reconnaissance, attack, or

defence, or by any combination of thereof.

covert operationSee 'clandestine operation'.

Example: As the mission was a covert operation, clandestinemeasures would have to be taken to ensure anonymity.

creating obstaclesThe process of preventing or making certain actions more difficult.

Example: During the retreat, the force would create obstaclesto hinder the enemy's advance.

creeping barrage

A barrage in which the fire of all units participating remains in the same relative position throughout and which advances in steps

of one line at a time.

Example: Under the threat of the creeping barrage, thecommander decided to retreat to a safer position.

crest

A terrain feature of such altitude that it restricts fire or observation in an area beyond, resulting in dead space, or the limiting

of the minimum elevation, or both.

Example: To overcome the obstacle presented by the crestof the hill, the unit manoeuvred to the west with a view

to attacking from the flank of the oncoming force.

crew-served weaponA weapon which has to be handled by more than one soldier.

The category includes machine guns, cannon, antitank weapons,mortar and fire control.

Example: Because of the weight restriction, the unit could deploy only crew-served weapons.

49


crisis action planning CAP

1. The process involving the time-sensitive development of joint-operations plans and orders in response to an imminent crisis. Crisis action planning follows prescribed crisis actionprocedures to formulate and implement an effective response

within the time frame permitted by the crisis.

2. The time-sensitive planning for the deployment, employment, and sustainment of assigned and allocated forces and resources necessary in response to a situation that may

result in military operations.

Example: In response to the development, the commanderimmediately called a CAP meeting involving all senior officers.

critical point

1. A key geographical point or position important to the success of an operation.

2. In point of time, a crisis or a turning point in an operation.

Example: The advance had reached its critical point, fromhereon there would be no alternative but to attack.

critical supplies & materiel

Supplies vital to the support of operations, which for various reasons are in short supply or are expected to be in short supply..

critical zone

The area over which a bombing plane engaged in horizontal or glide bombing must maintain a straight flight so that its

payload can be released accurately.

Example: The aircraft would soon reach its critical zone and level out.

critically wounded

Suffering from physical injury especially that suffered in battle, which could result in death.

Example: He had been critically wounded during the battleand was airlifted with other critically-wounded personnel

to the designated 'safe' area.

cross tell

The transfer of information between facilities at the same operational level.

Example: His failure to cross tell the information receivedhad resulted in the other commanders in the field being

unaware of the development.

crossfire

Firing guns from two or more places at the same time, so that their lines of shooting cross.

Example: During the advance, his unit had come under crossfire from the enemy and had suffered heavy casualties.

crossing point Xing Pt XP A designated area in or over which passage of any kind may

50


be controlled.

Example: The XP was clearly defined on the map.

cryptosystem The associated items of cryptomaterial that are used as a unit and provide a single means of encryption and decryption.

curfew

A rule that everyone must stay at home between particular times, usually at night, especially during a war or a period of

political trouble.

Example: To avoid the curfew, the group moved out earlyto commence their mission.

Current Operations Unit COU

Logistics and Communications Service, Field Administration and Logistics Division, Office of Planning and Support, Department

of Peacekeeping Operations.

custody

1. The responsibility for the control of, transfer and movement of, and access to, weapons and components. Custody also includes

the responsibility for maintenance and accountability of weapons and components.

2. Temporary restraint of a person.

Example: Following their capture, the offenders were placedin safe custody.

daily intelligence summary DISUM

A report prepared in message form at the joint force headquarters that provides higher, lateral, and subordinate headquarters with

a summary of all significant intelligence produced during the previous 24-hour period.

Example: When the DISUM was received, it was evidentthat the mission was close to failure.

danger area UXO; UXB

Specified area above, below, or within which there may be potential danger.

dangerous cargo Cargo which, because of its dangerous properties, is subject to special regulations for its transport.

Database Collection Unit A unit of Mission Planning Service, DPKO.

date departed mission DDMDate when departed from mission area.

Example: The DDM was shown as 3 Sep 05.

date of arrival DOA Date of arrival in mission area.

de facto boundary

51


An international or administrative boundary whose existence and legality is not recognized, but which is a practical division between

separate national and provincial administering authorities.

de jure boundary An international or administrative boundary whose existence and legality is recognized.

dead mine A mine which has been neutralized, sterilized, or rendered safe.

de-arming; 'safing'

An operation in which a weapon is changed from a state of readiness for initiation to a safe condition.

Example: He proceeded to de-arm the weapon; however, whilein the process of 'safing' the weapon, he realised his error.

debrief; debriefing; after-action

review

1. To question either someone or a group in detail about atask completed or on return from a mission.

2. The procedure of extracting either from someone or a group, facts, comments, or recommendations concerning

a past assignment or particular experience.

3. After-action report.

Example: During the debrief, the commander congratulatedindividuals within the contingent who had

performed with merit.

deceptionThose measures designed to mislead the enemy by manipulation,

distortion, or falsification of evidence to induce the enemy to react in a manner prejudicial to the enemy's interests.

declassification

The determination that, in the interests of national security, classified information no longer requires any degree of protection against unauthorized disclosure, coupled with removal or cancellation of the classification designation.

Example: The declassification period had expired and he saw noreason why the documents concerned should

not be declassified.

decommissioning

The act of taking equipment or weapons out of use.

Example: Once the war was over, those particular weaponssystems would be decommissioned and would therefore

form part of the overall decommissioning process.

decontaminationThe process of making any person, object, or area safe.

The safe condition is achieved by absorbing,destroying, neutralizing, making harmless, or removing chemical or

biological agents, or by removing radioactive material.

decontamination A building or location suitably equipped and organized where

52


station personnel and materiel are cleansed of chemical, biological, or radiological contaminants.

defectorA national of a country who has escaped from the control of

a particular country or who, being outside the jurisdiction and controlof that country, is unwilling to return. Such an individual could be of

special value to another country.

defence readiness conditions DEFCON

A uniform system of progressive alert postures for use by the Services. Defence readiness conditions are graduated

to match situations of varying military severity, or state of alert.

Example: The submarine commander declared DEFCON 4 assoon as the enemy's intentions became known.

deferred air attackA procedure in which groups of attacking aircraft rendezvous

as a single unit. It is used when attack groups are launched from more than one station and their departure on the mission is delayed

pending further orders. (Compare 'coordinated air attack').

delaying operationAn operation in which a force under pressure trades space for time by slowing down the enemy's momentum and inflicting

maximum damage on the enemy without, in principle, becoming decisively engaged.

delegation of authority

The action by which a commander assigns part of his or her authority with the assigned task to a subordinate commander.

While ultimate responsibility cannot be relinquished, delegation of authority carries with it the imposition of a measure of responsibility.

The extent of the authority delegated must be clearly stated.

Example: Once they were in position, the commander briefedthe team and delegated certain responsibilities to

particular team members. Following the delegationof authority, the commander gave the order for

personnel to deploy.

delivering ship The ship in a replenishment unit that delivers the rig(s).

DELTA The letter D in the phonetic alphabet.

demarcation line DLD/L The boundary of a specific area.

demilitarised zone DMZDZ

The area between the forward line of the parties, into which they have agreed not to deploy military forces and which

may be placed under the control of a PKO.

de-miningThe removal or deactivation of mines.

Example: Once the guerrillas were defeated, the processof de-mining commenced.

demobilization53


The process of transitioning a conflict or wartime military establishment and defence-based civilian economy to a peacetime configuration while maintaining national

security and economic vitality.

Example: On their return, certain reserve forces weredemobilized, whilst certain active units also faced

demobilization.

denial measureAn action to hinder or deny the enemy the use of space, personnel,

or facilities. It may include destruction, removal, contamination, or erection of obstructions.

density

The average number of mines per meter of minefield front.

Example: The density of the minefield remained unknown, however, and while that situation prevailed, the unit

was unable to advance.

Department of Peacekeeping Operations

DPKO Department with a mission to plan, prepare, manage and direct peacekeeping operations.

depleted uranium DU Reduced content uranium.

deployment

1. In naval usage, the change from a cruising approach or contact disposition to a disposition for battle.

2. The movement of forces within operational areas.

3. The positioning of forces into a formation for battle.

4. The relocation of forces and materiel to desired operational areas.

Example: During the deployment, the commander wasable to maintain contact throughout.

deployment activities Activities regarding movement, positioning and relocation of forces to desired areas of operations.

deployment phaseIn the context of logistics, the third phase in a peacekeeping

operation, during which personnel and equipment are transported to an area of operation.

deputy chief of mission DCM A military officer or civilian who, in the absence of the SRSG, is

responsible for the operation of a mission.

deputy chief of staff DCOS Assistant to the chief of staff.

deputy chief, press and information

DCPIAssistant to the chief responsible for the press

and information (civilian).

54


deputy commanding officer DCO

Assistant to the commanding officer. The British equivalentis 2IC, ie the second-in-command.

Example: At that time he had been 2IC and wouldtherefore have been responsible in the CO's absence.

deputy director civil affairs DDCA Assistant to the director of civil affairs (civilian).

deputy director of operations DDO A police officer, assistant to the director of operations (UNCIVPOL).

deputy police commissioner DPC A police officer, assistant to the police commissioner (UNCIVPOL).

deputy special representative; resident special representative

DSRSG; RSRSG

A civilian who acts on behalf of the SRSG during his absence and who is usually also the Head of Civil Affairs.

deserterA person who leaves the army, navy or air force without permission.

Example: The order had been given to shoot deserters.

desired effects

The damage or casualties to the enemy or materiel that a commander desires to inflict by means of a nuclear weapon detonation.

Damage effects on materiel are classified as light, moderate, or severe. Casualty effects on personnel are classified

immediate, prompt, or delayed.

Example: At the briefing, the COS indicated that the desiredeffects required were light in respect of materiel, but

with immediate casualties.

desk officer

Those military officers and civilians within each division of DPKO and responsible for the administration of a peacekeeping

operation are assigned to a 'desk'. A 'desk' comprises one or more political affairs' officers who are supported by one or more military

officers. A 'desk' can also have responsibility for a specific geographical region.

Example: He was instructed to report to his desk officer onarrival.

destination

The place where a container movement ceases. The destination may be the ultimate user or consumer of container contents, a retail

supply point, or a consolidation and distribution point.

Example: The destination for the cargo had been somewhereon the island.

destruction of supply routes The act of destroying routes over which supplies can be delivered.

destructive power The ability/force of a weapon to cause destruction or damage.

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detachment DET(det)

A part of a unit separated from its main organization for duty elsewhere. Also the situation of being 'detached'.

detainee Term used to refer to any person captured or otherwise detained by an armed force.

detainee collecting point

Facility or other location where detainees are assembled for subsequent movement to a detainee processing station.

detainee processing station

Facility or other location where detainees are administratively processed and provided custodial care pending disposition and subsequent release, transfer, or movement to a prisoner-of-war

or civilian internee camp.

detecting belligerent electromagnetic

radiation

The act of discovering or determining the existence or presenceof belligerent electromagnetic radiation.

deterrent; deterrence

The prevention from action by fear of the consequences. Deterrence is a state of mind brought about by the existence of a

credible threat of unacceptable counteraction. A deterrent isthe means by which deterrence is achieved.

Example: The nuclear deterrent would be deterrence enough;there was no requirement for a bacterial capability at that stage.

detonating cord

A waterproof and flexible fabric tube containing a high explosive designed to transmit the detonation wave.

Example: Once the explosive was in position, he attached thedetonating chord and retreated.

detonator

A device containing a sensitive explosive intended to produce a detonation wave.

Example: At the signal, he was to join the leadsattached to the detonator and, which would detonate

the remote explosive charge.

died of battle wound DOW

Medical support; patient reporting; NATO uses 'died of wounds received in action.

Example: The message simply stated: Private Smith, DOW.

died of non-battle wound DNBW

Medical support; patient reporting.

Example: Near the bottom of the page, he found the evidence:Corporal Jones, DNBW.

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died of wounds received in action DWRIA

Casualty category applicable to a hostile casualty, other than the victim of a terrorist activity, who dies of wounds or other injuries

received in action after having reached a medical treatment facility.

digging toolA tool used by soldiers when making preparations, such

as digging trenches, to protect themselves from an attack by the enemy.

direct support DS

1. A mission requiring one force to support another and authorizingthat force to respond directly to the other's request for assistance.

2. The logistical support given by a member state to its owncontingent deployed on a UN operation.

direct supporting fire Fire delivered in support of part of a force, as opposed to general supporting fire delivered in support of the force as a whole.

direct-fire zone An area where fire is directed at a target which is visible to the aimer.

directive

Military communications in which policy is established or a specific action is ordered governing conduct or procedure;normally issued and signed by the highest military authority

in the operation.

Example: He had been directed to engage the enemy at the earliest opportunity; he would be wise to obey the directive.

director, civil affairs DCA A civilian responsible for civil affairs.

director of operations DO A police officer assigned to UNCIVPOL and appointeddirector of specified operations.

disarmament The reduction of a military establishment to some level set by international agreement.

disarmed mineA mine for which the arming procedure has been reversed,

rendering the mine inoperative. The mine would then be safe tohandle and transport; however, it could be rearmed by simple action.

disaster controlMeasures taken before, during, or after hostile action, natural

disasters or manmade disasters to reduce the probability ofdamage, minimize its effects and initiate recovery.

discharge papersDismissal papers freeing someone from their obligations or duties.

Example: He was handed his discharge papers and told thathe was free to go.

disciplinary offenceOffence of disciplinary rules.

Example: During the process, a disciplinary offence had been57


committed. An investigation would therefore be inevitable.

disguise

Any attire that modifies the appearance in order to conceal the wearer's identity.

Example: He would have to go in under cover and in disguise.The disguise he chose would, however, need to be simple

and not cumbersome.

dispatch routeIn road traffic, a roadway over which full control, both as to priorities

of use and the regulation of movement of traffic in time and space, is exercised. Movement authorization is required for use of a

dispatch route, even by a single vehicle.

displaced person DP A civilian who is involuntarily outside the national boundaries of his or her country.

disposition

The distribution of the elements of a command within an area,eg the exact location of each unit headquarters and the deployment

of the forces subordinate to it.

Example: Its disposition did not suit the commander; he therefore requested relocation and some degree of close support

in the process.

distribution point Logistical point of issue of materiel to units.

distribution systemA system of facilities, installations, methods and procedures designed

to receive, store, maintain, distribute and control the flow of materiel between the point of reception into mission area

and the point of issue to using units.

diversionary attack

An attack wherein a force attacks, or threatens to attack, a target other than the main target for the purpose of drawing enemy

defence away from the main effort.

Example: Diversionary tactics would therefore be necessaryand, should all else fail, he would authorise a

diversionary attack.

divided air attackA method of delivering a coordinated air attack, which consists of holding the aircraft in close tactical concentration up to a point,

prior to splitting them to attack an objective from different directions.

division

A major administrative and tactical unit within which is combined the necessary arms and services required to operate independently

and for a sustained period of combat. A division is larger than a regiment or brigade, but smaller than a corps. Moreover, a

division, commanded by a major (2 star) general, might have 3 regiments, plus supporting units.

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double agent An agent in contact with 2 opposing intelligence services, only one of which is aware of the double contact or quasi-intelligence services.

draft plan

A plan for which a draft has been coordinated and agreed withother military headquarters and which is ready for coordination

with and ratification by those nations involved.

Example: Provisional steps had been approved; nevertheless,the draft plan would need formal ratification prior to

any action being taken.

dragon's teeth

Wedge-shaped concrete anti-tank obstacles laid in multiple rows.

Example: As the convoy of tanks approached the line of dragon's teeth, it slowed slightly while the commander

considered his options.

drill mine An inert filled mine or mine-like body, used in loading, layingand discharge practices and trials.

driver's accident report

A document detailing the date, place and circumstances of an accident, and details of the vehicle(s), persons and circumstances involved.

drone A land, sea, or air vehicle that can be controlled either remotely or automatically.

drop zone;dropping zone DZ

An area designated for the insertion of airborneforces or stores by means of parachute.

Example: As the formation approached the DZ, those in the leadaircraft prepared to deploy.

drop-off point DOP

Coordinates on a map or the place where troops are droppedby vehicle, aircraft or helicopter, possibly behind enemy lines.

Example: The DOP was close to the front line, but in alocation concealed from the enemy.

dual agent One who is simultaneously and independently employed by 2 or more intelligence agencies, covering targets for both.

dudAn item of explosive munitions, which has not been armed asintended or which has failed to explode after being armed.

Example: The torpedo was a dud and it failed to explode.

dumpTemporary storage area for logistics; fuel or ammunition.

Example: The ammunition dump was close to the headquartersand could be utilised to destroy a major part of the complex.

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Duty Room; Joint Operations

CentreJOC

A part of the Situation Centre, which serves as the UNHQpoint of contact for field missions. A Duty Room/JOC can also be

operated by Member States during permanent missions; thefacility prepares daily Situation Centre reports.

early warning EW

An early notification of the launch or approach of unknown weapons or weapons carriers.

Example: The vessel had an EW capability, however, andthe aircraft's approach was quickly detected.

ECHO The letter E in the phonetic alphabet.

economic potential The total capacity of a nation to produce goods and services.

Electoral Assistance Division Office of Operations, DPKO.

electoral division One of the divisions within a PKO mission; headed by a Director.

electoral observerWithin a PKO's electoral division: visits polling stations, observes the

transport of ballot boxes and the counting process and prepares a post-referendum evaluation.

electromagnetic radiation

Radiation made up of oscillating electric and magnetic fields and propagated with the speed of light. Includes gamma radiation,

X-rays, ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation, and radar and radio waves.

electronic countermeasures ECM

Actions taken to prevent or reduce an enemy's effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as jamming and

electromagnetic deception.

Example: The vehicle had an ECM capability.

electronic warfare EW

Any military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy. The 3 major subdivisions within electronic

warfare are: electronic attack, electronic protection, and electronic warfare support.

embankment An artificial slope made of earth and/or stones.

embarkationThe loading of troops with their supplies and equipment on to

ships or aircraft.

Example: Prior to embarkation, the unit attended a briefing.

embrasure; firing port An opening (in a wall or ship or armoured vehicle) for firing through.

Emergency Response 60


Team

In the context of humanitarian and civic relief, an EmergencyResponse Team would be deployed in the event of humanitarian emergencies, such as refugee crises, sometimes in conjunction

with a peacekeeping operation.

enemy capabilities Those courses of action of which the enemy is physically capable and that, if adopted, will affect accomplishment of the friendly mission.

engineering vehicle A vehicle used in engineering.

envelopment

An offensive manoeuvre in which the main attacking force passes around or over the enemy's principal defensive positions

to secure objectives to the enemy's rear.

Example: The force then conducted an envelopment manoeuvreto secure the advance.

escort

1. A combatant unit assigned to accompany and protect another force or convoy.

2. An aircraft assigned to protect other aircraftduring a mission.

3. An armed guard that accompanies a convoy, a train, prisoners etc.

4. An armed guard accompanying persons as a mark of honour.

5. To convoy.

6. A member of the armed forces assigned to accompany, assist, or guide an individual

or group, eg an escort officer.

Example: The first vessels to come under attack werethose escorting the convoy. One escort vessel was lost

as a result and several were badly damaged.

escort forces Combat forces of various types provided to protect other forces against enemy attack.

escort patrol

A unit tasked with escorting refugees being repatriated or with protecting civilians on their way to and from work, where the

route passes dangerously close to a hostile party; the term refers also to the mission entrusted to the unit.

Example: He was injured while the unit was on escort patrolclose to enemy lines.

estimated time of arrival ETA The time at which units, supplies, etc are planned or calculated

to arrive. The ETA might differ from the actual time of arrival.

estimated time of ETCAn approximate calculation or judgment of the time of completion

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completion

of an action, operation, mission etc.

Example: The task was commenced and the commanderestimated the ETC to be 1500.

estimated time of departure ETD The time at which units, supplies etc are planned or expected to

depart. The ETD might be different from the actual time of departure.

European Union EU A pan-European organisation of 15 Member States and preparing for the accession of 13 eastern and southern European countries.

evacuation

1. The process of moving any person who is wounded, injured, or ill to and/or between medical treatment facilities.

2. The clearance of personnel, animals, or materielfrom a given locality.

3. The controlled process of collecting, classifying, and shipping unserviceable or abandoned materiel, to appropriate reclamation,

maintenance, technical intelligence, or disposal facilities. An evacuation might prove necessary because of unusual or

emergency circumstance.

Example: The evacuation took 3 days. Several units that could notbe evacuated for operational reasons remained behind.

evacuation convoy A convoy which is used for evacuation of dangerously exposed waters.

evacuation point EP

The location at which equipment is collected or personnelare gathered prior to evacuation.

Example: The first priority was to establish an EP.

evacuation policy

1. A command decision to establish the maximum number of days that patients may be held within the command for treatment.Patients who, in the opinion of responsible medical officers,

cannot be returned to a duty status within the period prescribed would be evacuated by the first available means, provided the travel

involved would not aggravate their disabilities.

2. A command decision concerning the movement of civiliansfrom the proximity of military operations for security

and safety reasons and involving the need to arrange formovement, reception, care, and control of such individuals.

3. Command policy concerning the evacuation of unserviceable or abandoned materiel, including the designation of channels and destinations for evacuated materiel, the establishment of controls and procedures, and the dissemination of condition

standards and disposition instructions.

evacuation system; chain of evacuation A series of medical-treatment stations and facilities and the

evacuation routes along which they are positioned. The term 'chain of evacuation' might also be used to refer to:

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a. A series of prisoner-of-war collecting points, facilities and routes by means of which prisoners of war and civilian internees are

collected and evacuated from a combat zone.

b. A series of installations for evacuating disabled or salvaged material.

Example: An evacuation system was quickly devised. Thechain of evacuation would involve several local communities

and pass through the mountains.

evacuee

A civilian removed from a place of residence by military direction for reasons of personal security or the requirements

of the military situation.

Example: Many of the evacuees were wounded and wouldrequire medical treatment en route.

escape & evasion E&E

The procedures and operations employed to enable military personnel and other selected individuals to escape from

enemy-held or hostile areas.

Example: The incursion would be followed by an escapeand evasion phase during which each member of the team

would be expected to act independently.

ex-filtration

The withdrawal of personnel or units from areas under enemy control by stealth, deception, surprise or clandestine means.

Example: Ex-filtration, personnel would be required torendezvous at the dropping point for pick up at 0230.

expeditionary force

An armed force organized to accomplish a specific objective in a foreign country.

Example: Once the expeditionary force had reported in, thecommander would be in a position to decide on the next

course of action.

expelleeA civilian outside the boundaries of the country of his or her nationality or ethnic origin who is being forcibly repatriated

to that country or to a third country for political or other purposes.

exploder

A device designed to generate an electric current in a firing circuit to enable the user to initiate an explosive charge or charges.

Example: The exploder was somewhat primitive; nevertheless, it would have to suffice.

explosive ordnance disposal

EODThe detection, identification, field evaluation, safe-rendering,

recovery and final disposal of unexploded ordnance.

Example: The team had been trained in EOD and Search

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operations and were well prepared for the task.

external reinforcing force

A reinforcing force that is principally stationed in peacetime outside its intended Major NATO Command area of operations.

field ambulance An all terrain vehicle, equipped as an ambulance.

field artillery Equipment, supplies, ammunition and personnel involved in the use of cannon, rockets, or surface-to-surface missiles.

field defence stores; defence stores

Field items that include the likes of concertina wire, barbed wire, fence posts, sandbags, observation towers, gabions, T-walls,

corrugated iron, timber, gates, chain- link fences, barriers etc.

field dressing station; holding station A medical aid station close to the locus of combat.

field exerciseAn exercise conducted in the field under simulated war conditions

in which troops and armament of one side are actually present,while those of the other side may be imaginary or in outline.

field fortifications

An emplacement or shelter of a temporary nature that can be constructed with reasonable facility by units requiring no

more than minor engineering and equipment participation.

Example: Field fortifications had been meticulously preparedand the unit was comfortably in position and ready for

action within a very short time.

field hospital

A standard component of a standby force, a field hospitalprovides second and limited third-line medical support to

military units in the field. Ideally, a field hospital should facilitate full accommodation and be equipped with ambulances, vehicles,an operating theatre, sterilizer, x-ray facilities, dental facilities,

equipment workshop, intensive-care unit, examination roomsand a mortuary et al..

field marshal A senior military rank in some armies.

field of fire

The area that a weapon or a group of weapons can cover effectively with fire from a given position.

Example: The field of fire was so restricted, it was impossibleto deter the enemy effectively.

Field Supply Unit FSULogistics & Communications Service, Field Administration

& Logistics Division, Office of Planning & Support, Department of Peacekeeping Operations.

field glassesOtherwise known as binoculars.

Example: Through the field glasses, the enemy position couldbe seen clearly. He handed the binoculars to the 2IC

and began to detail his plan for attack.

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fielding

Acquisition, delivery and distribution of new equipment to the units who are destined to use it.

Example: It was while fielding the new supplies that the next attackcame.

fighting in built-up areas FIBUA

Fighting where there are a lot of buildings.

Example: Fire Control had instructed the ceasefire to enablethe troops to engage in FIBUA.

final destinationIn naval control of shipping, the final destination of a convoy or

of an individual ship (whether in convoy or independent) irrespective of whether or not routing instructions have been issued.

final protective fire FPF

An immediately available prearranged barrier of fire designed to impede enemy movement across defensive lines or areas.

Example: Once in position, the force awaited the FPF priorto commencing the advance.

Finance Management & Support Service FMSS Field Administration & Logistics Division, Department of

Peacekeeping Operations.

finance officer FO A civilian administrator in a PKO's finance section. See also Chief Finance Officer.

fire control

The control of all operations in connection with the application of fire on a target.

Example: Fire Control had instructed the ceasefire to enablethe troops to engage in FIBUA.

fire-control system FCS

A system that performs the functions of target acquisition, tracking, data computation and engagement control, primarily

by utilising electronic means.

Example: During the attack, the FCS had been neutralised.

Fire-Direction Centre FDC

That element of a command post by means of which a commander exercises fire direction, ie selection of targets,

concentration or distribution of fire, the allocation of ammunition, and fire control.

fire mission1. A specific assignment given to a fire unit as part

of a definite plan.

2. An order used to alert the weapon/battery units and

65


indicate that the message to follow is a call for fire.

Example: Once in position, the unit prepared for the fire missionand awaited the call for fire.

fire support

The collective use of mortars, field artillery, close air support and naval gunfire in support of a battle plan or of ground forces.

Example: Once in position, the unit called for fire support.

fire-support coordination

The planning and executing of fire so that targets are adequately covered by a suitable weapon or group of weapons.

Example: Effective fire-support coordination placed theenemy at a distinct disadvantage.

fire-support groupA temporary grouping of ships under a single commander charged

with supporting troop operations ashore by naval gunfire. A fire support group may be further subdivided into fire

support units and fire support elements.

firepower

1. The amount of fire that can be delivered by a position, unit, or weapon system.

2. The ability to deliver fire.

Example: The enemy had superior firepower and this quicklybecame apparent as the casualties mounted.

first aid

Basic medical treatment that is provided to an individual as soon as possible following injury or suddenly illness.

Example: Although he had been provided first aid without delay,his injuries were such that he could not be saved.

first-line maintenance As applied to PKOs, the term first-line maintenance refers to maintenance conducted at contingent or unit level.

fixed medical-treatment facility

A medical-treatment facility that is designed to operate foran extended period of time at a specific site.

flag-of-truce; white flag

A flag symbolizing the acceptance of defeat or a lack of intention to attack.

flame thrower

A weapon that projects incendiary fuel and has provision for ignition of this fuel.

Example: The flame thrower was then directed at the entrance to the bunker and the effects were dramatic.

flanking attack An offensive manoeuvre directed at the flank of an enemy.

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flight

The basic tactical unit in an air force, consisting of 4 or more aircraft in 2 or more elements.

Example: The squadron comprised 3 flights of 6 aircraft, eachunder the command of a flight commander.

force commander FC

The senior officer responsible for executing the mandate of themission in respect of all military operations. The FC is responsible

for reporting to UN HQ through the SRSG in respect of all matters relating to military personnel and military operations.

force engineer officer A member of a military force trained in and responsible for engineering.

force logistics-support group FLSG

The FLSG comprises national support elements (NSEs) providedby each contingent. The FLSG is responsible for coordinating

the receipt of stocks, movement to forward bases and the sustainment of the force as a whole.

force medical officer FMEDO; FMO

A military officer that heads all medical support activities ina mission area. The FMO is the senior medical adviser to

the force commander and to all contingent SMOs on the mission.

force medical supply officer FMSO A military officer responsible for the medical supplies.

Forward Ambulance Post FAP An ambulance post with at least one ambulance, a medical

crew and communications to a medical facility.

forward tell

The transfer of information to a higher level of command.

Example: He had been instructed to forward-tell the informationto both HQ and Command, and he proceeded to do so

without delay.

foxhole A small hole dug in the ground by troops to protect them from military attack.

FOXTROT The letter F in the phonetic alphabet.

fratricideThe act of killing members of your own group or allies by mistake.

Example: His death had been the result of fraticide when theunit came under friendly fire from the lead attack helicopter.

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frequency deconfliction

A systematic management procedure to coordinate the use of theelectromagnetic spectrum for operations, communications, and

intelligence functions. Frequency deconfliction is an element of electromagnetic spectrum management.

frontal attack

1. An offensive manoeuvre in which the main action is directed against the front of the enemy forces.

2. An attack by an interceptor aircraft that terminates with a heading crossing angle greater than 135 degrees

fuse

1. A string or piece of paper connected to a firework or otherexplosive item by which it is lit, or a device inside a bomb that causes the weapon to explode either following a fixed length of

time or on impact.

2. A device that initiates an explosive train.

Example: They suspected that the bomb had been set with a shortfuse and evacuated the building with due haste.

gap

An area within a minefield or obstacle belt, free of live mines or obstacles, whose width and direction is designed to allow a

friendly force to pass through in tactical formation.

Example: The convoy transited the gap safely and was quickly able to resume progress.

gap marker Markers used to indicate a gap in a minefield.

garrison forceAll units assigned to a base or geographical area for the defence,

development, operation and maintenance of the facilitieslocated therein.

garrison town A town where a military garrison is based.

gas mask A device worn over the face to prevent an individual frombreathing poisonous gases.

general cease-fire General agreement, such as that between 2 armies, to ceasehostilities either temporarily or permanently.

general headquarters GHQ The main administrative complex of an organization, military force,police force, or guerrilla force.

general map A map of small scale used for general planning purposes.

general military intelligence

GMIIntelligence concerning the military capabilities of foreign

countries or organizations, or which might affect potential national or multinational military operations. GMI excludes scientific

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and technical intelligence.

general purpose GP For general use or result or effect.

general purpose machine gun GPMG A machine gun that can be used for any kind of task.

general reserveReserve of troops under the control of the overall commander.

Example: There would now be a need to call forward troopsand equipment from the general reserve.

general staffs

Officers located in the headquarters of army or marine divisions, marine brigades, aircraft wings, or larger units that assist

commanders in the planning, coordination, and supervisionof operations.

Example: He was next appointed to the general staffs and wasinstructed to report to the MOD following a brief spell of leave.

general support Stocks procured outside the mission area, and which may or may not be centrally warehoused in the mission area.

general support artillery GSA

Artillery that executes the fire directed by the commander ofa unit to which it organically belongs or is attached.

GSA is utilised in support of an operation as a whole, ratherthan in support of a specific subordinate unit.

Geneva ConventionAn agreement accepted by most countries of the World that

establishes standards for the reasonable treatment of soldiersand civilians during war.

geographic coordinates

The latitude and longitude of a position or point on thesurface of the Earth.

GOLF The letter G in the phonetic alphabet.

graphic scale A graduated line by means of which distances on a map, chart, or photograph may be measured in terms of ground distance.

green-water operations Naval or sea operations that take place near the coastline.

grenade launcher A weapon for shooting grenades.

grid system; grid (coordinate) system GS A plane rectangular system of coordinates.

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gross weight WT

1. The weight of a vehicle or aircraft fully equipped and serviced for operation, including fuel, lubricants, coolant, vehicle tools, spares, crew, personal equipment, and load.

2. The weight of a container or pallet including freight and binding.

ground alertThat status in which aircraft on the ground/deck are fully

serviced and armed, with combat crews in readiness to take off within a specified time on receipt of a mission order.

ground controlA system of accurate measurements used to determine the

distances and directions or differences in elevation between points on the Earth.

group of targets Two or more targets on which fire is desired simultaneously.

guard dog A dog trained to protect a place

guard post A small building for the soldiers who are protecting a place

guardroom A room for a guard post.

guerrillaA combat participant in guerrilla warfare, eg a member of

an unofficial military group that is trying to change a government by making sudden, unexpected attacks on

the official army forces.

guerrilla forceA group of irregular, predominantly indigenous personnel

organized along military lines to conduct military and paramilitary operations in enemy-held, hostile, or denied territory.

guerrilla warfare GW Military and paramilitary operations conducted in enemy-held or hostile territory by irregular, predominantly indigenous forces

guided missileAn unmanned vehicle moving above the surface of the

Earth the trajectory or flight path of which is capable of being altered by an external or internal mechanism.

guided weapon An explosive weapon whose direction is controlled electronically during its flight.

gun1. A cannon with relatively long barrel, operating with relatively

low angle of fire, and having a high muzzle velocity.

2. A cannon with a tube length of 30 calibres or more.

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gunner A member of the armed forces who is trained to use heavy guns.

haemorrhage

A large flow of blood from a damaged blood vessel or vein.

Example: The wound soon began to haemorrhage. Shortlyafter the haemorrhaging started, he died.

hand-grenade A small bomb comprising explosive material in a metal or plastic container that can be thrown easily.

handover procedure

1. The process for transfer of POWs, bodies, mail, property et al, including domestic animals, through intermediaries, across

no-man's land, UN buffer zones or areas of separation, with supervision by peacekeeping forces.

2. The process for transfer of UN and contingent property, for example rations or supplies, from an outgoing contingent

to an incoming one.

Example: The handover procedure had been a simple one and thetransfer of prisoners progressed smoothly.

hand-to-handA fight involving physical contact.

Example: Once the troops had run out of ammunition, both sidesresorted to hand-to-hand fighting.

headquarters HQ The executive and/or administrative elements of a command unit.

headquarters company HQ Coy

A headquarters company is in charge of a variety of duties at an HQ, such as clerical tasks, protection

of the headquarters, the escorting and driving of staff, quartering, catering for the officers etc.

heat-seeking missile

A missile that can direct itself towards something hot, especially the exhaust from an aircraft engine.

Example: The missile had a heat-seeking capability and soonlocked on to the aircraft once it came within range.

heavy anti-tank weapon

A weapon capable of operating from ground or vehicle, used to defeat armour and other material targets.

Example: The enemy was equipped with anti-tank weaponsand was able to bring this heavy artillery to bear.

heavy artilleryEquipment, supplies, ammunition, and personnel involved in the use

of cannon, rocket, or surface-to-surface missile launchers. Field artillery is classified according to calibre as

71


follows: light, 120mm or less; medium, 121-160mm; heavy,161-210mm; and very heavy, greater than 210mm in calibre.

Example: The enemy was equipped with anti-tank weaponsand was able to bring this heavy artillery to bear.

heavy machine gun HMG

A machine gun with a larger calibre than a GPMG thatcan be mounted on vehicles, on vessels or in aircraft

Example: The Browning .50 is a formidable HMG that isextremely effective as a vehicle-borne weapon.

heavy-tank transporter A vehicle for transportation of heavy tanks.

heavy-transport vehicle A vehicle used for transportation of heavy items.

heightened readinessA level of increased combat readiness.

Example: Once the enemy appeared on radar, the ship wasplaced at heightened readiness.

heli-borne operation An operation involving the movement of troops and equipment by helicopter.

helicopter assault force

A task organization combining helicopters, supporting units, and helicopter-borne troop units for use in helicopter-borne

assault operations.

helicopter evacuation helevac

Evacuation by helicopter.

Example: The casualties were taken to a safe zone anda helevac operation conducted.

helicopter landing point

A designated point where a single flight or wave of assault helicopters utilise to embark or disembark troops and/or cargo.

Example: The casualties were taken to a helicopter landingpoint within the safe zone and a helevac operation conducted.

helicopter support team HST

A task organization formed and equipped for employment in a landing zone to facilitate the landing and movement of

helicopter-borne troops, equipment, supplies et al, or to evacuate personnel such as casualties or POWs.

Example: As soon as the commander signalled that the POWswere ready for evacuation, the HST was alerted.

helipadA prepared area designated and used for take-off and

landing of helicopters.

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Example: Given the prevailing conditions, Bravo 40 approachedthe helipad with caution.

heliport A facility designated for operating, basing, servicing, and maintaining helicopters.

H-Hour

The specific hour on D-day at which a particular operation commences, for example the commencement of hostilities.

Example: The unit was ordered to be in position at H-hourminus 4.

high explosive HE

Powerful chemical explosives such as artillery ammunition, bombs, depth charges, demolition material, rockets, and missiles.

Example: Once over the target, the aircraft dropped HEweapons on the enemy.

high frequency HF

Sound or radio wave frequency between 3 and 30 MHz.

Example: It was at that point that the HF radio came inuseful and the unit was able to communicate with its HQ.

high-mobility, multi-purpose wheeled

vehicle

HMMWV;HUMVE

A light, unarmed utility vehicle.

Example: Unlike the HMMWVs deployed by the enemy, theUN forces were equipped with US HUMVEs, which were

far more agile.

high-speed, anti-radiation missile HARM

A rail-launched missile carried on-board aircraft for the purposesof launching at enemy radar-guidance antenna, the destruction of

which can protect strike aircraft from defending missiles.

Example: The squadron was soon airborne, with each helicopter armed with 2 HARM weapons.

hijack; hijacker In PKO context, the abduction and holding of peacekeepers as hostages; otherwise, one who abducts and holds hostages.

holding capacity

The quantitative potential of a holding facility to accommodate patients awaiting medivac, usually in other than fully

supported hospital beds.

Example: The field hospital could barely cope; its holdingcapacity was a mere 40 personnel.

holster A carrying facility for a pistol, which is usually made of leather and fixed on a waist belt or shoulder strap .

horizontal action mine

A mine designed to produce a destructive effect in a plane approximately parallel to the ground.

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host nation HNA nation which receives the forces and/or supplies of allied

nations and/or NATO organizations to be located on, to operatein, or to transit through its territory.

host-nation support HNS Civilian and military assistance rendered by the host country to those UN forces deployed within or staging through that country.

hostageA person held as a pledge that certain terms or agreements will

be kept (the taking of hostages is forbidden under the 1049Geneva Convention).

hostile

In combat and combat-support operations, an identity appliedto a 'track', ie that of an aircraft or a vessel seen on radar,

declared to belong to an opposing force and which, by virtue of its behaviour, characteristics or origin constitutes a threat

to friendly forces.

Example: The contact was considered hostile and DEFCON 1was instigated promptly.

hostile acts

1. An attack or other use of force by any civilian,paramilitary, military or terrorist force.

2. Force used directly to preclude or impede the mission and/or duties of forces, including the recovery of personnel

or vital Government property.

Example: The incident was considered a hostile act and asa result the unit had no option but to open fire.

hostile environment

An operational environment in which hostile forces have control, and also the intent and capability to oppose effectively

or react to operations conducted by friendly forces.

Example: The region proved a hostile environment andreinforcements were needed to prevent heavy losses.

hostile track

The classification assigned to the track of a vehicle, aircraft or vessel that, based upon established criteria, is determined

to be an enemy threat.

Example: The radar operator was instructed to monitor the pathof the contact and to advise Command should it adopt

a hostile track.

host-nation support agreement

A basic agreement for support normally concluded at government-to-government or government-to-commander level.

Such agreements can include general agreements, umbrella agreements, and memoranda of understanding.

HOTEL the letter H in the phonetic alphabet.

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howitzer

1. A cannon that combines certain characteristics ofguns and mortars.

2. Normally a cannon with a tube length of 20-30 calibres. Thetube can exceed 30 calibres and still be considered a howitzer

provided the high-angle, fire zoning solution permits range overlap between charges.

human rights violation

Any act of disregarding human rights.

Example: The act was considered a violation of human rights.

human shieldPersons who, under the laws of war are considered non-

combatants and as such are protected from deliberate attack, civilians, POWs etc, yet who is used as a hostage to deter

an enemy from striking a particular target.

humanitarian (affairs) adviser

A civilian who cooperates with humanitarian agencies in the provision of assistance.

humanitarian & civic assistance HCA

Assistance to the local population provided by forces involved in military operations.

Example: Once the force commander considered he had theupper hand, he ordered HCA for the beleaguered community.

humanitarian assistance HA

Programs conducted to relieve or reduce the results of naturalor manmade disasters or other conditions such as human

suffering, disease, hunger, or deprivation that could present aserious threat to life or result in serious damage to

or loss of property.

Example: HA was badly needed; however, the host nationsimply did not have the resources.

humanitarian assistance (affairs)

officerHAO

A civilian who assists chief of the office for the coordination of humanitarian assistance. UN humanitarian aid components

comprise small groups of civilians, eg UNHCR, UNICEF, UNDP, NGOs etc.

humanitarian coordinator

A civilian officer within a PKO. In large or complex PKOsthe DHA might appoint a field-based coordinator.

identification ID1. The process of determining the friendly or hostile character

of an unknown detected contact.

2. In arms control it is the process of determining which nationis responsible for the detected violations

of an arms-control measure.

3. In ground-combat operations, identification is the act

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of discriminating between recognizable objects as beingfriendly or foe.

4. The classification of an object as a member of a class.

identification:friend or foe IFF

The process of using electromagnetic transmissions, to which the equipment of friendly forces automatically responds by means of

pulse emissions, to distinguish between friendly forcesand enemy forces.

Example: The lack of IFF indicated that the contact was hostile.

identity card ID;ID card

An official document or plastic card, possibly including aphotograph, that indicates the name, date of birth, or other

information which proves the identity of the barer.

Example: When asked for his ID, the individual turned andattempted to run away.

illegal proceduresActions prohibited by law or by official or accepted rules.

Example: The procedure was illegal.

improvised mine A mine fabricated from available materials at or near its point of use.

in extremis

A situation of such exceptional urgency that immediate actionis needed to minimize imminent loss of life or catastrophic

degradation of the political or military situation.

Example: The facility was to be utilised in extremis onlyand was deployed merely as a precaution.

incendiary bullet;incendiary device

A projectile/device designed to cause fire.

Example: The aircraft dropped incendiary bombs on the convoy and caused mass destruction of the advancing force.

incident control point ICPA designated point close to an incident where crisis management

forces will rendezvous and establish control capability before initiating a tactical reaction.

incident report INCREP

Immediate report or incident report, to inform the force or mission HQ, by the fastest means, of an actual or potential

breach of the peace.

Example: On receipt of the INCREP, the unit was deployed.

incidents Brief clashes or other military disturbances generally of a transitory nature and not involving protracted hostilities.

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incremental costs Additional costs to the Service incurred in support ofa contingency operation.

INDIA The letter I in the phonetic alphabet.

indirect fire

Fire delivered on a target that is not itself used as a point of aim.

Example: The measure was taken to protect the equipment from indirect fire.

individual equipment Clothing and equipment, for the personal use of the individual.

individual protection

Actions taken by individuals to survive and continue a missionunder NBC conditions.

Example: For their individual protection, the team carriedadditional equipment, which would restrict their manoeuvrability.

individual protective equipment

The personal clothing and equipment required in NBC warfareto protect individuals from nuclear, biological and chemical hazards.

individual reserves The supplies carried for the purposes of individual use in an emergency.

inert mine A mine or replica of a mine incapable of producing an explosion.

infantry INF The part of an army that fights on foot and is not mountedor in vehicles.

infantry division Division of the infantry.

infantry fighting vehicle IFV

A heavily armed, armoured vehicle, often with tracks, that isutilised for transporting infantry into battle and for supporting them subsequently. IFVs often have amphibious capability.

infantryman A foot soldier.

infiltration1. The movement through or into an area or territory occupied by

either friendly or enemy troops or organizations.

2. In intelligence operations: the placing of an agent or teamof agents/operatives in a target area in hostile territory.

Infiltration usually involves the crossing of a frontier or other guarded line.

Example: The orders were to infiltrate the occupied townswherever possible and glean intelligence concerning the

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enemy's intentions.

inflammable cargo Cargo such as drummed gasoline and oils.

informant

1. A person who, wittingly or unwittingly, provides information to an agent, a clandestine service, or to the police.

2. In reporting, a person who has provided specific informationand is cited as a source.

Example: All informants had been captured by the enemy.

operations/militaryinformation

Peacekeeping 'operations information', or 'military information', activities are those associated with maps, charts,

media interpretation, press relations etc.

Example: Having been engaged in operations informationactivities, the informant was well equipped to provide

the enemy with the information it needed.

information assurance IA

Information operations that protect and defend information and information systems by ensuring their availability, integrity,

authentication, confidentiality, and non-repudiation.

Example: The IA procedures were effective and therewas little chance that there had been a leak.

information officer IO A military officer or civilian involved in 'information'activities in a PKO. Intelligence officers are not used in PKOs.

information operations IO

Actions taken to affect the information and information systems of an adversary, while protecting one's own information

and information systems.

Example: Misinformation was one tactic employed as anelement of IO.

information processing

Conversion of collected information into a form suitable forthe purposes of intelligence.

information resources

Information and related resources, such as personnel, equipment, and IT.

Example: Information resources included an encryptor foruse by informants and agents in the field.

information security INFOSECThe protection of information and information systems against unauthorized access or modification of information, whether in storage, processing, or transit, and against denial of service to

authorized users.

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Example: INFOSEC measures were upgraded and allelectronic transmission were subsequently encrypted.

information summary INFSUM An information summary is submitted to Force HQ bybattalions or sectors on a weekly basis.

information systemThe entire infrastructure, organization, personnel and components

that collect, process, store, transmit, display, disseminate,and act on information.

information warfare IWInformation operations conducted during time of crisis or

conflict to achieve or promote specific objectives overa specific adversary or adversaries.

informerA person who intentionally discloses to police or to a security

service information about persons or activities considered suspect, usually for a financial reward.

initial approach

a. That part of an instrument approach procedure in which an aircraft has departed an initial approach fix or point and is

manoeuvring to enter the intermediate or final approachto land.

b. That part of a visual approach of an aircraft immediately prior to arrival over the airfield of destination, or over the reporting

point from which the final approach to the airfield is commenced.

Example: At the time of the incident, the aircraft wason initial approach.

initial assessment IA

An assessment that provides a basic determination of the viability of the infiltration and ex-filtration portion of a proposed

special-operations forces mission.

Example: In the IA, the team was made aware of the risks involved.

initial contact report

A report indicating any detection of the enemy.

Example: The SNCO at the observation post had at thatpoint reported initial contact with the enemy vehicle. Acting

upon this initial contact report, the support unit was mobilized.

initial response force The first unit, usually comprising military police, on the scene of a terrorist incident.

initial treatmentInitial medical or other care procedures.

Example: Having been given initial treatment at the scene,the soldier was evacuated to the safe zone.

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insertion

1. The placement of troops and equipment into an operational area during airmobile operations;

2. In the context of covert operations, the placement ofobservation posts, patrols, or raiding parties either by helicopter,

parachute, or by means of amphibious landing.

Example: Insertion was to take place at 0200.

inshore patrolA naval defence patrol operating generally within a naval

defence coastal area, which might comprise all elements of harbour defences, the coastal lookout system, patrol craft supporting bases,

aircraft and Coast Guard stations.

insignia

An object or mark which officially shows either that a person or object belongs to a particular organization or country, or that a

person has a particular rank.

Example: The officer wore the insignia of theParachute Regiment.

inspection

The physical process of determining compliance with arms control measures.

Example: The inspection would be carried out at the earliestopportunity and would be conducted by UN personnel.

instructional mine An inert mine used for instructional purposes and normally sectionalised for this purpose.

insurgency

An organized movement aimed at the overthrow of a constituted government, through use of subversion and armed conflict.

Example: Insurgency, however, was a major problem; moreover,the insurgents were well equipped.

insurgent

A member of a political party who rebels againstestablished leadership.

Example: Insurgency, however, was a major problem; moreover,the insurgents were well equipped.

intelligence operations The variety of intelligence tasks that are carried out by various intelligence organizations and activities.

intelligence report INTREPA specific report of information, usually on a single item, made at any level of command in tactical operations and disseminated

as rapidly as possible in keeping with the timeliness of the information.

Example: The INTREP gave him cause for optimism.

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intelligence source

The means or system used to observe and record information relating to the condition, situation, or activities of a targeted

location, organization, or individual. An intelligence source can comprise people, documents, equipment, or technical sensors.

Example: The cafe's owner was a useful intelligence source.

interagency coordination

The coordination between elements of the department of defence,government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and regional and international organizations for the purpose of

accomplishing an objective

Example: Interagency cooperation had been poor, nevertheless,and this had contributed to the difficulties faced.

.

interdiction

The process of attacking of lines of communication so as to disrupt supply flows and, where possible, isolate specific zones or enemy forces, thus disrupting the transportation of supplies, equipment and troops. Interdiction primarily involves the use of air power

to destroy bridges, railway junctions etc.

Example: The primary roles of the aircraft were groundsupport and interdiction and it was armed accordingly.

internal information Information inside a service or organization.

internal securityThe state of law and order prevailing within a nation.

Example: The incident was an internal security matter,nevertheless, and he would need to deal with it effectively.

International Peace Force

An appropriately constituted organization established for the purpose of preserving world peace.

interoperability

1. The ability of systems, units, or forces to provide services to and accept services from other systems, units, or forces, thusenabling the parties concerned to operate effectively together.

2. The condition achieved when communications and electronics systems or items of equipment can exchanged information or

data directly and satisfactorily.

Example: The first priority was to examine the capturedequipment and determine its level of interoperability.

interposition forces; interpositional forces;

interposing forcesInterposition is the normal means used by peacekeeping forces to

secure the withdrawal of opposing forces behind lines of demarcation. Interposition is the first stage in the negotiation

of armistice demarcation lines.

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Example: To commence the process of interposition, it would be necessary to first agree a ceasefire between the 3 interposing forces.

intervention forces

Forces involved, intentionally, in a difficult situation, to improvethat situation and prevent it from getting worse.

Example: The intervention forces would be moved into positionto await the order to intervene in the conflict.

irregular forces Armed individuals or groups who are not members of the regular armed forces, police, or other internal security forces.

jamming

Deliberate radiation or reflection of electromagnetic energy for the purpose of disrupting an enemy's use of electronic

devices or systems.

Example: The jamming operation had been a necessaryprecaution and had successfully neutralized the enemy's

EW capability and all belligerent communications in the locale.

jeepA generic term to describe a strongly built small utility vehicle

with 4-wheel drive capability and utilized by the armyfor 'off-road' use.

joint forceA general term applied to a force comprising significant elements

of 2 or more military departments and assigned or attachedto operate under a single joint-force commander.

joint-force commander JFC

A general term applied to a combatant commander, sub-unified commander, or joint-task-force commander authorized to exercise

command or operational control over a joint force.

Example: The JFC on that occasion had been a navy admiral.

joint intelligence centre JIC

The intelligence centre of the combatant command headquarters responsible for providing and producing the intelligence required

to support the combatant commander and staff, components, subordinate

joint forces and elements, and the national intelligence community.

joint-operations planning

Planning for contingencies that can reasonably be anticipated in an area of responsibility or the joint-operations area of command.

Joint-operations planning includes mobilization planning, deployment planning, employment planning, sustainment

planning, and redeployment-planning procedures.

joint operations A general term to describe military actions conducted by joint forces.

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joint-operations area JOAAn defined area of land, sea, and airspace in

which a joint-force commander conducts military operations to accomplish a specific mission.

joint-operations centre JOC

A jointly manned element of a joint-force commander's HQ established for the purposes of planning, monitoring,and guiding the execution of the commander's authority.

Example: During that attack, the JOC was completely destroyed.

joint-planning group JPG

A joint-force planning organization comprising designated joint-force HQ principal and special staff; joint-force components, both Service

and/or functional; and those supporting organizations/agencies deemed necessary by the joint force commander.

joint publication JP A publication containing joint doctrine, joint tactics, techniquesand procedures that involve the employment of forces.

joint search & rescue centre JSRC

A primary search and rescue facility suitably staffed and equippedfor the planning, coordination and execution of joint search and

rescue operations within a joint-force's geographical area.

joint special operations area JSOA

A restricted area of land, sea, and airspace assigned by a joint-force commander to the commander of a joint special-

operations force for the purposes of conducting special-operations activities.

Example: Once the unit had deal with the insurgency incident,they were ordered to deploy immediately for the JSOA.

joint special-operations task force JSOTF

A joint task force comprising special-operations units from morethan one Service and formed to carry out a specific special

operation or to prosecute special operations in support of atheatre campaign or any other operation.

joint task force JTF A concept, bringing together navy, army, air force and marineelements for a specific mission.

JULIET The letter J in the phonetic alphabet.

key point

A concentrated site or installation, the destruction or capture of which would seriously affect the success of operations.

Example: The destruction of that particular facility had beena key point in the campaign.

key positionA civilian position, either public or private, designated by

83


the employer and approved by the Secretary concerned, that cannot be vacated during war or national emergency

key terrainA locality or area that, were it seized or to come under the

control of a combatant, would afford that party a distinct advantage.

Example: The mountain range was considered key terrain.

KILO The letter K in the phonetic alphabet.

land search The search of terrain by ground-force personnel.

landing force LF

A task organization in the Marine Corps or Army, formed forthe purpose of conducting amphibious operations. The landing force, together with the amphibious task force and other forces,

constitutes the amphibious force.

landing zone LZ A specified zone assigned for the purpose of landing aircraft.

landmark

A feature, either natural or artificial, that can be accurately determined on the ground from a grid reference.

Example: The clearing was an important landmark and couldbe utilised as a rendezvous for the 3 teams.

landmine A bomb that is hidden in the ground and explodes when a person steps on it or a vehicle drives over it.

lane markerA sign used to mark a lane in a minefield. Lane markers, placedat the entrance to and exit from a lane, may be referenced to a

landmark or intermediate marker.

laser aiming module; laser illuminator; laser designator;

laser-aiming light; laser target marker; laser-spot projector

LAMA LAM is normally used to improve the capability of soldiers

or combat vehicles to aim at a target fast and precisely. LAMs can, for example, be detachable modules on handguns.

laser designator A device that emits a beam of laser energy that is used to pinpoint a specific place or object.

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laser range finderMost main battle tanks and other combat vehicles are equipped with

laser range finders to determine the range to a target quickly and precisely. There are also small versions of laser range finders

that can be used by individual troops.

laser warning receiver LWR A piece of equipment that detects laser threats.

launcher A structural device designed to support and hold a missile in position for firing.

law of armed conflict; law of war LOAC

That part of international law that regulates the conductof armed hostilities.

Example: The incident was a breech in LOAC and would bedealt with accordingly.

lead time;response time

The time between formal notification and deployment. The term can also be used to describe the time lapse between that of a request to

provide resources and the time those resources are received.

legal adviser LA A senior member of civilian staff who advises on administrative, financial or legal matters.

lethal weapon A weapon that can kill.

liaison officer LO;LNO

1. A military or civilian officer whose duties are concerned primarily with communicating between different forces,

formations, units etc.

2. A military or civilian officer who acts as a focal point for communication between the SRSG, governments, international

agencies and NGOs.

light multi-role logistics unit

A standard component for standby forces that provides second and third-line light logistic support to the military component; maintains general, technical and ration stores; provides light

and limited medium transport; and maintains unit-owned vehicles. A light multi-role logistics unit comprises the

following: a supply platoon, a transport company, and a support company to provide laundry, quartermaster

and administration facilities.

light-reconnaissance helicopter

Helicopters that are armed only with self-defence weapons and that are equipped with long- range radios and reconnaissance optronics.

The main task of light-reconnaissance helicopters is to gain information at a tactical level.

light vehicle A car, jeep or other vehicle that could not be considered a 'heavy' vehicle.

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lightly-armed observer An observer wearing light arms.

LIMA The letter L in the phonetic alphabet.

limited-access route

A one way route with one or more restrictions that preclude its use by the full range of military traffic.

Example: The approach was a limited-access route, whichwould preclude the passage of the larger vehicles.

limited warArmed conflict short of general war, exclusive of incidents,involving the overt engagement of the military forces of 2

or more nations.

line of communication L of C;LOC

Any of the physical routes (land, water or air) that connect an operating military force with a base of operations, and along which supplies and military forces move. Internal lines of communication

are those routes within the theatre of operations.

Examples: Without its normal LOC, the force would beextremely vulnerable.

line of contact CL Another term for confrontation line.

line of defence

A row of defensive positions, particularly those closest to enemy positions.

Example: The armoured division would form thefirst line of defence.

line of demarcationA line defining the boundary of a buffer zone or area of limitation.A line of demarcation may also be used to define the forward limits

of opposing forces once each phase of disengagement or withdrawal has been completed.

line of departure A line designated to coordinate the departure of attacking elements.

liquid explosive An explosive which is fluid at normal temperatures.

list of targets A tabulation of confirmed or suspect targets maintained by any echelon for informational and fire-support planning purposes.

local procurement The process of obtaining personnel, services, supplies, and equipment from local or indigenous sources.

local purchaseThe function of acquiring a decentralized item of supply from

sources outside the Department of Defence.

Example: He was provided with a local-purchase order

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and was tasked with obtaining the items in the local town.

local warThis term is incorrect and must not be used. The correct term

is 'limited war', ie an armed conflict short of general war, exclusiveof incidents, involving the overt engagement of the military forces

of 2 or more nations.

location state LOCSTATA periodic report that is submitted by battalion or sector HQs

to the force HQ. A LOCSTAT is used to notify changes in deployment, usually monthly.

logistic operations centre LOC A LOC coordinates all the non-routine logistics requirements

of a mission and also all technical support assistance.

logistic support The services, materiel, and transportation required to support forces based at home or deployed worldwide.

logistics

The planning and conduct of the movement, maintenanceand supply of forces.

Example: The logistics of the mission would requirecareful planning and coordination.

machine-gun An automatic weapon capable of rapid fire.

magnetic mine A mine that responds to the magnetic field of a target.

magnetic northThe direction indicated by the north-seeking pole of a freely suspended magnetic needle, influenced only by the Earth's

magnetic field.

mail embargo A temporary shutdown or redirection of mail flow to or from a specific location.

main attackThe principal attack or effort into which a commander places

the full weight of offensive power at his disposal. A main attackis also an attack directed against the chief

objective of the campaign, ie the major operation, or battle.

main battle area MBA

That portion of the battlefield in which the decisive battle is fought to defeat the enemy. For any particular command, the main battle

area extends rearward from the forward edge of the battle area to the rear boundary of the command's subordinate units.

Example: The aircraft was downed in the main battle area.

main roadA road capable of serving as the principal ground line of

communication to an area or locality. Usually it is wide enough and suitable for 2-way, all-weather traffic at high speeds.

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main supply route MSR

The route designated within an area of operations over which the bulk of traffic flows in support of military operations.

Example: The primary objective was to destroy theenemy's MSR.

maintain regional stability To preserve stable order in a region.

maintenance maint

1. All action taken to retain materiel in or to restore it to a specified condition. Maint includes: the inspection, testing, servicing,

classification, repair, rebuilding and reclamation of materiel; and also the supply and repair action taken to sustain a force in

in the necessary condition to carry out its mission.

maintenance areaA general locality in which are grouped a number of maintenance

activities for the purpose of retaining or restoring materiel to a serviceable condition.

manoeuvre

A movement to place ships or aircraft in a position of advantage.

Example: There was a need to manoeuvre the tank intoa position in which it could fire.

manoeuvres

Tactical exercises carried out at sea, in the air, on theground, or on a map in imitation of an operation.

Example: The unit was away on manoeuvres duringduring the period in question.

manifest A document specifying in detail the passengers and/or itemscarried by an aircraft, vehicle or vessel.

manpower management

The means of manpower control to ensure the most efficient and economical use of available manpower.

manpower resources Those human resources available to a Service, commander,or unit to meet requirements.

map exercise An exercise in which a series of military situations is stated and solved on a map.

map indexA graphic key that is primarily designed to show the relationship between maps in a series, and also their coverage, availability,

and any further information that might be useful.

map referenceA means of identifying a point on the surface of the Earth by relating it to information appearing on a map, generally the

graticule or grid.

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map sheet An individual map or chart either complete in itself or part of a series.

marching pack Equipment to be carried on a march.

marine A member of the Marine Corps.

marine expeditionary force MEF

The largest marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that can be deployed. An MEF is capable of missions across the range of

military operations, including amphibious assault and sustained operations ashore in any environment.

marine expeditionary unit MEU

A Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that is constructed around a reinforced infantry battalion, a reinforced helicopter

squadron, and a task-organized combat service support element.An MEU normally fulfils the forward sea-based deployment

requirements of a marine corps.

marking

To mark out on the ground the boundary lines for cease-fire lines, zones of separation, permanent borders etc.

Example: In the process of marking out the area, the limitations of the location became apparent.

mass casualties

Any large number of casualties produced in a relatively short period of time, usually as the result of a single incident such as a military aircraft accident, hurricane, flood, earthquake, or armed

attack that often exceeds local logistic-support capabilities.

Example: The incident resulted in mass casualties.

massed fireFire from a number of weapons directed at a single point or small

area, ie the fire of the batteries of 2 or more ships directed against a single target.

materiel

All items, ie ships, tanks, self-propelled weapons, aircraft etc, andtheir related spares, repair parts, and support equipment, but

excluding property, installations, and utilities, that are necessary to equip, operate, maintain, and support military activities without

distinction as to their application for administrative or combat purposes.

maximum effective range

The maximum distance at which a weapon may be expected to be accurate and achieve the desired effect.

maximum range The greatest distance a weapon can fire without consideration of dispersion.

maximum sustained speed The highest speed at which a vehicle, with its rated payload,

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can be driven for an extended period on a level first-class highway without sustaining damage.

mechanized Equipment aided by machinery or using vehicles, ie tanks, armoured fighting vehicles, armoured personnel carriers, trucks etc.

mechanized battalion A battalion equipped with armed and armoured motor vehicles moving or capable of mobilizing readily.

mechanized infantry Infantry equipped with armed and armoured motor vehicles andcapable of mobilizing readily.

media poolA limited number of news media who represent a larger number

of media organizations for the purposes of gathering news and the sharing of material during a specified activity.

medic A member of the medical corps, trained in combat first aid, who accompanies foot patrols.

medical capacityThe quantitative potential of the medical support system to collect,

treat and evacuate patients. Medical capacity is not a measure of the qualitative aspects of that support.

medical corps A subdivision of a military organization, such as an army, that is devoted to the medical care of troops.

medical evacuation MEDEVAC

The evacuation of medical cases between levels of care establishedin-theatre (in-theatre MEDEVAC), or out of theatre (inter-theatre

MEDEVAC).

Example: The troops were medevaced home as soon as asuitable opportunity arose.

medical evacuees Personnel who are wounded, injured, or ill and must be moved to or between medical facilities.

medical facility MF Any installation that can treat and hold patients.

medical officer MO A physician with officer rank.

medical transport unit

A small unit, with field ambulance facilities, responsible for transporting casualties.

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medical treatmentThe application of medical procedures by trained professional and technical personnel, and the management of patients under such

procedures, for the purposes of relieving pain and suffering, savinglife and limb, or curing disease, injury, or other disorders.

medical treatment facility MTF A facility established for the purpose of furnishing medical

and/or dental care to eligible individuals.

meeting engagementA combat action that occurs when a moving force, incompletely

deployed for battle, engages an enemy at an unexpected time and place.

mercenary A person who fights for any country or group that pays them.

merchant shipA vessel engaged in mercantile trade, with the exception of

river craft, estuarial craft, or craft that operate solely within harbour limits.

meteorological data

Meteorological facts pertaining to the atmosphere, such as wind, temperature, air density, and other phenomena that affect operations.

Example: The meteorological data indicated that the weatherfor the mission might be adverse.

MIKE The letter M in the phonetic alphabet.

military adviser MILAD

One who liaises with military authorities and advises on thesafety of mission personnel.

Example: Prior to the mission, the MILAD had advisedthat the level of risk was significant.

military censorship

All types of censorship conducted by personnel of the Armed Forces.Military censorship can include censorship of the Armed Forces,

civilians, prisoners of war and the censorship of mediapersonnel in the field.

Example: The information was extremely sensitive and would fall within the terms of the military censorship imposed.

military characteristics

Those characteristics of equipment that relate to thatequipment's ability to perform desired military functions.Military characteristics include physical and operational

characteristics, but not technical characteristics.

military civic actionThe use of indigenous military forces on projects useful to the local

population in such fields as education, training, public works, agriculture, transportation, communications, health, sanitation etc,

that contribute to local economic and social development and91


serve to improve the standing of the military forces.

Example: The military civic action that had been authorisedwas designed to win over the local population.

military convoy;maritime convoy

A land or maritime convoy that is controlled and reported as a military unit. A maritime convoy could comprise

a combination of merchant ships, auxiliaries and other military vessels.

military currencyCurrency prepared by a power and declared by its military

commander to be legal tender for use by civilian and/or military personnel as prescribed in the areas occupied by its forces.

military-designed vehicle

A vehicle having military characteristics resulting from military research and development processes, designed primarily for use by forces in the field in direct connection with, or in support of, combat

or tactical operations.

military education The systematic instruction of individuals in subjects that will enhance their knowledge of the science and art of war.

military governmentThose designated active and reserve component forces and units

organized, trained, and equipped specifically to conduct civil- affairs activities and to support civil-military operations.

military governorThe military commander or other designated person who, in an occupied territory, exercises supreme authority over the civil population subject to the laws and usages of war and to any

directive received from the government or a superior.

military grid

Two sets of parallel lines that intersect at right angles and form squares. A military grid is superimposed on maps, charts, and other

similar representations of the surface of the Earth in an accurate and consistent manner so as to permit the identification of ground

locations and also the computation of direction and distancebetween points.

Military Information Officer

An information officer whose duties relate purely tomilitary matters.

military intelligence MI

Intelligence on any foreign military or military-related situation or activity that is significant to military policymaking or the planning

and conduct of military operations and activities.

Example: During the operation, MI had been received ona regular basis.

military intervention The deliberate act of a nation or a group of nations to involve its military forces in an existing controversy.

military involvement The act of inclusion and participation in military activities.

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military journalist A civilian, usually, who provides photographic, print, radio, or televised information to military audiences.

military liaison officerAn officer responsible for the maintenance of contact or

intercommunication between elements of military forces to ensure mutual understanding and unity of purpose and action.

military necessity

The principle whereby a belligerent has the right to apply any measures required to bring about the successful conclusion

of a military operation other than those forbidden by therules of war.

Example: Although quite devastating, the action was a militarynecessity that could not be avoided.

military objectivesA derived set of military actions to be taken to implement the

guidance provided by Command in support of national objectives. A military objective defines the results to be achieved

by the military and assigns tasks to commanders.

military occupation A condition in which territory is under the effective controlof a foreign armed force.

military operations other than war MOOTW

Operations, short of war, that encompass the use of military capabilities across the full range of military operations.MOOTW can be applied to complement any combination of the instruments of national power and occur before,

during and after war.

military options

A range of military responses to accomplish assigned tasks.Options include one, or a combination of the likes of civic action,

humanitarian assistance, civil affairs etc.

Example: The nature of the conflict meant that themilitary options were limited.

military police MP

The MP element of a PKO is normally of company strength andis drawn from all contingents of the force. MPs are organized

along functional lines, ie provost (discipline), traffic,investigation et al.

military resources Military and civilian personnel, facilities, equipment, and supplies under the control of the Ministry of Defence.

military strategyThe art and science of employing the armed forces of a nation to

secure the objectives of national policy by the application of force or the threat of force.

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military support to civil authorities MSCA

Activities and measures taken to foster mutual assistance andsupport between the Ministry of Defence and other government

agencies in respect of a government response to civil emergencies or disturbances, including national security emergencies.

Example: The authorised MSCA in that instance, had included deployment of civil fire and emergency services.

military training;military exercise

1. The instruction of personnel to enhance their capacity to perform specific military functions and tasks.

2. The exercise of one or more military units conducted to enhance their combat readiness.

Example: The Exercise had been conducted both efficientlyand effectively and, having been thorough in its execution,

had contributed greatly to the overall military training effort.

militia

A military force that operates on a temporary basis and whose members often have other interests. A militia can be utilisedto support regular army activities in a particular situation.

Example: The convoy included troops, militia and civilians.

mine clearance The process of removing mines from a route or area, either onland or at sea.

mine detector A device used to confirm whether or not there are mines in aparticular area.

mine disposal The operation by suitably qualified personnel designed to rendermines safe, or to neutralize, recover, remove, or destroy them.

mine plough A device used in mine clearance that digs the earth anddetonates mines on contact.

mine spotting The process of visually observing a mine or minefield.

mine weapons The collective term for all weapons that can be used in mine warfare.

mine-clearing vehicle A special motor vehicle designed for the removal of mines.

mined area An area declared dangerous because of the presence or suspected presence of mines.

minefieldAn area of ground or water containing mines emplaced with or

without a pattern.

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Example: The submarine had detected a large minefieldoff the coast in the vicinity of the harbour entrance.

minefield breaching The process of clearing a lane through a land minefield in tactical conditions.

minefield density

On land, minefield density is the average number of mines per meter of minefield front, or the average number of mines per square meter of minefield. At sea, the density is the average

number of mines per nautical mile.

Example: Once the minefield had been detected, there wasa need to determine its density.

minefield lane A marked lane, unmined, or cleared of mines, leading througha minefield.

minefield marking The visible marking of all points required in laying a minefield and indicating the extent of a minefield.

minefield recordA complete written record of all pertinent information concerning a minefield, and submitted on a standard form by the officer-in-

charge of the laying operations.

mine-hunting

The act of employing sensor and neutralization systems, whether ofthe air, surface, or subsurface type, to locate and dispose of

individual mines. The purpose of mine-hunting is to eliminate minesin a known field when sweeping is neither feasible nor desirable.

Mine-hunting is also the act of verifying either the presenceor absence of mines in a given area.

minimum-risk route MRR

A temporary corridor of defined dimensions for use by high-speed, fixed-wing aircraft that presents the minimum known hazard to

low-flying aircraft transiting a combat zone.

Example: The aircraft transited the MRR and then deployedseparately on their respective missions.

misfireThe failure of a weapon to fire or explode properly, or the failure of

a primer, or the propelling charge of a round or projectile, to function wholly or in part.

missing in action MIA

A combatant of unknown whereabouts during military operations.

Example: The telephone message confirmed that CorporalSmith was MIA.

Missionadministrative- An administrative-support plan is prepared in relation to a

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support planMission's SOPs. In the context of operational support, the plan

complements the operation plan or operation order.

mission analysis The analysis of a mission

mission-capable MC

Material condition of an aircraft indicating that it is capable of performing at least one and potentially all of its designated tasks.

Example: Just 4 of the aircraft were serviceable and only 2of those were considered MC.

mission report A standard report containing the results of an airborne missionand significant sightings along the flight route.

mission survey team; assessment team

An assessment team or mission survey team is that dispatched tosurvey a new mission site and gather data to facilitate asubsequent full assessment of the force size, composition and logistical needs for a new peacekeeping operation.

mobilization exercise An exercise involving, either completely or in part, the implementation of mobilization plans.

mode of transport

The various modes used for a movement, ie inland surface transportation, for example, rail, road, and inland waterway;

sea transportation: coastal and ocean; air transportation;and pipeline conveyance.

Example: There were various modes of transport available.

Molotov cocktail

A type of petrol bomb, usually a bottle filled with petrol or otherliquid fuel, with a piece of cloth in its top which is set on fire

and thrown by hand.

Example: The riot was getting out of control and Molotovcocktails were flying all over.

mopping up

The liquidation of remnants of enemy resistance in an area that has been surrounded or isolated, or through which other units have

passed without eliminating all active resistance.

Example: The enemy had already been defeated and allthat remained was some mopping up to ensure that the

area was safe to occupy.

mortarA muzzle-loading, indirect-fire weapon with either a rifled or

smooth bore. A mortar usually has a shorter range than a howitzer, employs a higher angle of fire, and has a tube with a length of

10-20 calibre.

motorized unit A unit equipped with complete motor transportation that enables all personnel, weapons, and equipment to be moved at the same time

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without assistance from other sources.

movement control The planning, routing, scheduling, and supervision of personnel and cargo movements over lines of communication.

movement control cell MCC Part of a Mission's (civilian or military) movement control unit that coordinates second-line transportation.

movement control centre MCC

A centre that allocates resources and coordinates air, rail, road and sea movements. One MCC is attached to the civilian component

of a Mission and another to the military component. Both form the Joint Movement Control Centre.

movement-control chief officer; chief, movement control

MovCon chief officer

A civilian responsible for the scheduling of air transport (commercially-hired/chartered aircraft and ships) to meet normal,

emergency and staff travel requirements. The MovCon ChiefOfficer is also responsible for bills of loading, customs

documentation and freight forwarding.

movement control post

The post through which the control of movement is exercised by the commander, depending on operational requirements.

movement order An order issued by a commander covering the details for a move of the command.

movement plan

A naval plan providing for the movement of the amphibious task force to the objective area. A movement plan includes information

and instructions concerning the departure of ships from embarkation points, the passage at sea, and the approach to and arrival in

assigned positions in the objective area.

movement-report system

A system established to collect and make available to certain commands vital information on the status, location, and movement of

commands, units etc.

movement restriction A restriction temporarily placed on traffic into and/or out of areas to permit clearance of or prevention of congestion.

multinational force MNF A force composed of military elements of nations who have formed an alliance or coalition for some specific purpose.

multinational force commander MNFC

A general term applied to a commander who exercises command authority over a military force comprising elements from 2

or more nations.

multinational logistics The logistics used in multinational operations.

multinational operations

A collective term to describe military actions conducted by forces of 2 or more nations, that are usually undertaken within the

structure of a coalition or alliance.

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Multinational United Nations Stand-by

Forces High-Readiness Brigade

See United Nations High-Readiness Brigade.

multiple rocket launcher system MRLS A rocket-launch system with the capability to fire salvos.

mutual supportThat support that units render each other against an enemy,

because of their assigned tasks, their position relative to each other/to the enemy, or because of their inherent capabilities.

named area of interest NAI

The geographical area where information that could satisfy a specific information requirement can be collected. NAIs are usually selected so that information can be obtained either

on the possible courses of action of adversaries, or thatis related to conditions in the battle area.

national policy

A broad course of action or statements of guidance adopted by a government in pursuit of national objectives.

Example: It was national policy to develop a civil defencecapability.

national securityA collective term encompassing both national defence and

foreign relations of a state.

Example: The development was a threat to national security.

national security interests

The foundation for the development of valid objectives that define national goals or purposes.

national security strategy

The art and science of developing, applying, and coordinating the instruments of national power (diplomatic, economic, military, and informational) to achieve objectives that contribute to national

security. National security strategy can also be referred to as national strategy or grand strategy.

national strategy

The art and science of developing and using the diplomatic, economic, and informational powers of a nation, together with

its armed forces, during peace and war to secure national objectives. National strategy can also be referred to as

national security strategy or grand strategy.

natural disaster An emergency situation that is the result of natural causesthat pose a significant danger to life and property.

natural featuresThe natural elements of geographical relief, such as hills,

valleys, rivers etc.

Example: He was then able to exploit the natural featuresof the terrain to his advantage.

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nautical mile nm A measure of distance equal to one minute of arc on theEarth's surface.

naval base

A naval base primarily established to support forces afloat,or those contiguous to a port or anchorage. The

Navy has operating responsibility for the facility and itsassociated activities, together with its interior lines

of communication, and jurisdiction over the minimum surrounding area necessary for local security.

naval operationA naval action, or the performance of a naval mission, that may

be strategic, operational, tactical, logistical, or for trainingpurposes.

naval special warfare NSW

A designated naval warfare specialty that conducts operations incoastal waters, rivers, or maritime environments. Naval special warfare involves small, flexible, mobile units operating under, on, or from the sea. These operations are characterized by

stealth, speed, and precise application of force.

naval special-warfare forces

NSW forces NAVSWF

Those active and reserve component naval forces designated by the Secretary of Defence and specifically organized, trained,

and equipped to conduct and support special operations.

Example: There was a need to consider NAVSWF for the operation.

naval special-warfare task group NSWTG

A provisional naval special-warfare organization that plans, conducts and supports special operations in support of fleet

commanders and joint-force special-operationscomponent commanders.

Example: The command had come directly from NSWTG.

negotiated access

A process in which humanitarian organizations negotiate witha warring party the right to deliver a specified number of aid shipments, along a specified route, to a population in need.

Example: The unit exploited the negotiated access and wasable to obtain important intelligence during the operation.

negotiations A discussion between authorities and a barricaded offender or terrorist to effect hostage release and terrorist surrender.

nerve agent

A potentially lethal chemical agent that interferes with thetransmission of nerve impulses.

Example: The team detected nerve agent during the operationand took appropriate measures.

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net call sign A call sign that represents all stations within a net.

net weight The weight of a ground vehicle without fuel, engine oil, coolant, on-vehicle materiel, cargo, or operating personnel.

neutral state A state that pursues a policy of neutrality during warin accordance with international law.

neutralityA state of impartiality in war that is adopted by third-party states

toward a belligerent. When subsequently recognized by the belligerent state, neutrality creates rights and duties between the

impartial state and the belligerent state.

neutralizationA mine is said to be neutralized when it has been rendered,

by external means, incapable of activating on the passage of a target, albeit the mine might remain dangerous to handle.

news-media representative NMR

An individual employed by a civilian radio or television station, newspaper, newsmagazine, periodical, or news agency

to gather and report on a newsworthy event.

night-vision device; night-observation

device; night-vision equipment; night-viewing aid; night-

viewing goggles

NVDNODNVENVANVG

A variety of night-sight devices that utilise passive image intensifiers and/or thermal imagers to improve observation, target

acquisition or aim in low-light conditions.

no later than;not later than nlt

Not after a usual or expected time.

Example: The order was to report to the HQ nlt 0800.

no-fly zone;no-fly area;

air-exclusion zoneNFZ

An airspace of defined dimensions in which air operations are permitted only by UN forces. Violations would be prevented by

air defence measures or the use of fighter aircraft.

no-man’s land An area or strip of land that no party owns or controls, such as a strip of land between the borders of 2 countries in dispute.

non-combatant evacuation operations NCEOs

Operations directed by government, whereby non-combatants are evacuated from a country when their lives are endangered by

war, civil unrest, or natural disaster.

non-combatant evacuees

Citizens of a nation whose lives are endangered by war, civil unrest, or natural disaster and who may be ordered to evacuate

by the appropriate authority.

non-commissioned officer

NCOAn enlisted person promoted through the ranks and of the rank

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of corporal or sergeant.

non-fixed medical treatment facility

A medical-treatment facility designed to be moved from place to place, including medical treatment facilities afloat.

non-governmental organization NGOs

A transitional organization of private citizens that maintains a consultative status with the Economic & Social Council of the

United Nations. Non-governmental organizations may be professional associations, foundations, multinational businesses,

or simply groups of people with a common interest in humanitarian-assistance activities.

North Atlantic Cooperation Council NACC

Former consultative forum that brought together the membersof NATO and Central and Eastern European countries. The NACC

has been replaced by the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC).

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NATO A military alliance of democratic states in Europe and

North America.

not seriously injured NSI

The casualty status of a person whose injury may or may not require hospitalisation and who is not classified as either

seriously injured, or suffering from an incapacitating illness or injury.

NOVEMBER The letter N in the phonetic alphabet.

nuclear weapon A weapon capable of producing a nuclear reaction and release of nuclear energy.

nuclear, biological & chemical defence NBCD

Defensive measures that enable friendly forces to survive and fight against enemy use of nuclear, biological, or chemical

weapons and agents.

Example: In NBC RED conditions, personnel are requiredto wear NBCD clothing and protection.

nuclear-powered aircraft carrier An aircraft carrier powered by nuclear energy.

observation platform An aircraft, ship or vehicle carrying a observation devices, as distinct, for example, from a weapons platform.

observation post OP

A permanently manned location from where military actions and movements can be observed. Each OP is allotted a serial number

or name identifying its type and sector. An OP can sometimesbe known as a 'scouting picket'.

observer mission A team of unarmed officers assigned to man observation posts, and monitor ceasefires and armistices.

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occupied territoryTerritory under the authority and effective control of a belligerent

armed force. The term is not applicable to territory being administered pursuant to peace terms, treaty, or other agreement, either expressed or implied, with the civil authority of the territory.

officer commanding OC An officer commanding commands a smaller unit than thatcommanded by a commanding officer.

official channelsThe official way of giving, directing or communicating.

Example: The government pursued every diplomatic and official channel to free the hostages.

official information Information that is owned by, produced for, produced by, or is subject to the control of a government.

open route A route not subject to traffic or movement-control restrictions.

operating forces Those forces whose primary mission is to participate in combatand the integral supporting elements thereof.

operation & maintenance O&M

The maintenance and repair of property, the operation of utilities, and the provision of other services such as refuse collection and

disposal, entomology, snow removal, and ice alleviation.

operation mapA map showing the location and strength of friendly forcesinvolved in an operation. An operation map might indicate

predicted movement and location of enemy forces, for example.

operation order OPORDA directive issued by a commander to subordinate commanders

for the purpose of effecting the coordinated execution of an operation.

operation plan OPLAN Any plan, except for the Single Integrated Operational Plan,relating to the conduct of military operations.

operation plan OPLANFormal directives, in the same format as operation orders, that

are designed to meet a contingency that is expected but not imminent.

operational authorityThe authority granted to a commander to utilise the operational capabilities of assigned forces to undertake mandated missions

and tasks. There are 3 degrees of operational authority: operational command, operational control and tactical control.

operational command OPCOMThe authority granted to a commander to assign missions or tasks to subordinate commanders to deploy units, reassign forces etc,

and to enable him to retain or delegate operationalor tactical control.

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operational control OPCON The command authority that may be exercised by commanders at any echelon at or below the level of combatant command..

operational procedures

The detailed methods by which HQs and units carry out their operational tasks.

operational readiness OR

The capability of a unit/formation, ship, weapons system, or equipment to perform the missions or functions for which it is designed. The term OR may be used in a general sense, or to express a

level or state of readiness.

operational readiness evaluation

An evaluation of the operational capability and effectiveness of a unit or any portion thereof.

operational reserve An emergency reserve of men and/or materiel established for the support of a specific operation.

operational route A land route allocated to a command for the conduct of a specific operation.

operations ops

Military actions or the conduct of strategic, tactical, service, training, or administrative military missions. Ops is also the process of combat,

including the movement, supply, attack, defence and manoeuvres needed to meet the objectives of any battle or campaign.

operations other than war OOTW

Military activities during peacetime and conflict that do not necessarily involve armed clashes between 2 forces.

Example: The campaign would also involve OOTWs.

operations to restore order

Operations to halt violence and support, reinstate, or establish civil authority. Operations to restore order are designed to return an

unstable and lawless environment to the state where indigenous police forces can effectively enforce the law and restore civil authority.

opposing forces opforTerm used for' the enemy' in training exercises.

Example: The opfor therefore had a distinct advantage.

optical sight Optical device attached to a weapon for the purposes of taking aim.

order

A communication, either in written, oral, or signal form, that conveys instructions from a superior to a subordinate. In a broad sense, the terms order and command are synonymous. However,

an order implies discretion as to the details of execution,whereas a command does not.

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ordnance Explosives, chemicals, pyrotechnics and similar stores, ie bombs, guns, ammunition, flares, smoke, napalm etc.

Organization for Security &

Cooperation in Europe

OSCE

The largest regional security organization in the world with 55 participating countries from Europe, Central Asia and North

America. OSCE is active in early warning, conflict prevention, crisis management and post-conflict rehabilitation.

OSCAR The letter O in the phonetic alphabet.

out of ammunitionLacking ammunition.

Example: Having deployed mass fire for an extended period,the Force was soon likely to be out of ammunition.

out of boundsEntry prohibited.

Example: The quarters were subsequently declared out of bounds.

outsized cargo A single item of cargo, too large for palletisation orcontainerisation.

overt operation An operation conducted openly, without concealment.

PAPA The letter P in the phonetic alphabet.

paradosSoil covering the backside of a trench, opposite of parapet.

Example: The parados was becoming unstable.

paramedic A person who is trained to do medical work, but who is not a doctor or nurse

paramilitary forcesForces or groups distinct from the regular armed forces of any

country, but resembling them in organization, equipment, training,or mission.

parapetA low wall along the front edge of a trench.

Example: The parapet was of insufficient height.

pararescue team PRTSpecially trained personnel qualified to penetrate to the site of an

incident by land or parachute, render medical aid, accomplish survival methods, rescue survivors etc.

paratrooper A soldier trained to be dropped from an aircraft by parachute

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parlimentaireAn agent deployed behind enemy lines for the purpose of communicating or negotiating openly and directly with

the enemy.

parole1. A password or distinctive sound in reply to a challenge.

2. The release of a prisoner of war on condition that he/she will no longer take part in combat.

partial mobilization The process by which armed forces or an element of them are brought to a state of readiness for war or other national emergency.

parties to the conflict Another term for the conflicting parties.

partisan A member of a secret armed force whose aim is to fight against an enemy in control of the country.

partisan warfare Not to be used - see 'guerrilla warfare'.

Partnership for Peace PFP

Transitional- association status offered to former members of the Warsaw Pact and non-aligned nations, whereby those countries have

the opportunity to cooperate with NATO in peacekeeping, search and rescue, humanitarian and other agreed-to operations.

passive defenceMeasures taken to reduce the probability of, or to minimize the effects of damage caused by hostile action without the intention

of taking the initiative.

passive mine

1. A mine whose anti-countermining device has been operated,this preventing the firing mechanism from being actuated. Suchmines will usually remain passive for a comparatively short time.

2. A mine that does not emit a signal to detect the presence of a target.

password A secret word or distinctive sound used to reply to a challenge

patrol

In peacekeeping operations, patrols, mounted or dismounted, are carried out only in an overt, high-profile manner. Militarypatrols can be combat patrols, escort patrols, reconnaissance

patrols, reconnoitring patrols, ambush patrols, standingpatrols, security patrols etc.

Example: Although several patrols were in the vicinity, therewas a specific need to patrol the border area.

pattern laying The laying of mines in a fixed relationship to one another.

payload capacity The total sum of the weight of passengers and cargo that an

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aircraft can carry.

paymaster A person/officer in charge of payments.

peace-agreement implementation The act of putting into effect a peace agreement

peace buildingPost-conflict actions, predominately diplomatic and economic, that strengthen and rebuild governmental infrastructure and institutions

so as to avoid a relapse into conflict.

peace enforcement PEThe application or threat of military force, normally with international

authorization, to ensure compliance with resolutions or sanctions aimed at maintaining or restoring peace and order.

peace-support operations

Preventive deployments, such as peacekeeping and peace-enforcement operations, diplomatic activities,

peacemaking, peace building etc. Peace-support operations can include humanitarian assistance, fact-finding, electoral

assistance and the like.

peace building

Identifying and supporting measures and structures, in the aftermathof a conflict, that solidify peace and build trust and interaction among former enemies, so as to avoid a relapse into conflict.

Peace building often involves elections organized, supervised or conducted by the UN, the rebuilding of civil infrastructures and

economic reconstruction.

peacekeeper; peacekeeping soldier

The term 'peacekeepers' can include civilian staff, whereas the term 'peacekeeping soldiers' does not. In practice, however, the term

usually refers to the military component of a peacekeeping operation.

peacekeeping PK

A hybrid politico-military activity aimed at conflict controlthat involves a UN presence in the field, possibly involving both

military and civilian personnel, with the consent of all parties. The aim of peacekeeping is to implement or monitor the implementationof arrangements relating to the control of conflicts, ie cease-fires,

separation of forces etc and protect the delivery of humanitarian relief.

peacekeeping operation PKO

PKOs are non-combat military operations undertaken by externalforces with the consent of the belligerent parties concerned. PKOs

are designed to monitor and facilitate the implementation of existing truce agreements in support of diplomatic efforts

towards a political settlement. PKOs involve peacekeeping forces, observer missions and combined operations.

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peace makingA diplomatic process of brokering an end to conflict, principally

through mediation and negotiation. Military activities contributing to peacemaking include military-to-military contact, security

assistance, shows of force and preventive deployments.

peace-restoration;conflict-mitigation

operation

A new and tentative concept applying to those multidimensional operations that, while originally mandated under Chapter VI, are forced by reality into Chapter VII operations. For example, when

humanitarian convoys need to be defended by force of arms, or an exclusion zone needs to be enforced by air strikes.

pecuniary liabilityA personal, joint, or corporate monetary obligation to make good any loss, damage, or destruction caused through fault or neglect.

Pecuniary liability may also result under conditions stipulated in a contract or bond.

penetration A military offensive that breaks through the enemy's defence.

percentage clearance The estimated percentage of mines of specified characteristics that have been cleared from an area or channel.

percussion cap

1. A mechanical or electrical explosive device or a small amount of explosive that can be used to fire an explosive charge cause

detonation.

2. A device inside a bomb that causes the bomb to explode by timer, on impact or by sensor.

percussion fuse A mechanical or electrical fuse that fires an explosive charge.

perimeter defenceA boundary defence without an exposed flank, comprising forces deployed along the perimeter. The defence can utilise obstacles

and fortifications that might surround a compound, position, observation post, checkpoint etc.

periodic summary PERSUM An operational and administrative summary of the major events that occur during a specified reporting period.

personal details Details concerning or affecting a particular person or his or herlife and personality.

personal effects PE All privately owned moveable, personal property of an individual.

personal property Property of any kind belonging to an individual.

petrol bomb A bottle containing petrol or other liquid fuel with a piece of clothin the neck that is set on fire when the bottle is thrown.

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petroleum, oil & lubricants pol A broad term to encompass all petroleum and associated

products used by the armed forces.

phases of military government

1. Assault. That period that commences with first contact with civilians ashore and extends to the point of establishment of

military government control by the landing force.

2. Consolidation. That period that commences with the establishment of military government ashore by the landing force

and extends to the establishment of control by occupation forces.

3. Occupation. That period that commences when an area has been occupied, and the military commander within that area is in

a position to enforce public safety and order.

phonetic alphabet

A list of standard words used for identifying letters in message transmissions by radio or telephone: ALPHA, BRAVO, CHARLIE,

DELTA, ECHO, FOXTROT, GOLF, HOTEL, INDIA, JULIET, KILO, LIMA, MIKE, NOVEMBER, OSCAR, PAPA, QUEBEC, ROMEO, SIERRA, TANGO, UNIFORM, VICTOR, WHISKEY,

X-RAY, YANKEE, and ZULU.

phoney minefield An area free of live mines used to simulate a minefield, or section of a minefield, with the object of deceiving the enemy.

photographic panorama

A continuous photograph or an assemblage of overlapping obliqueor ground photographs that have been matched and joined together

to form a continuous photographic representation of an area.

Example: The individual pictures were quickly assembledto form a photographic panorama.

photographic reading

The simple recognition of natural or manmade features from photographs not involving imagery-interpretation techniques.

Example: During the photographic reading, the presence of enemy forces became apparent.

physical security

That part of security concerned with physical measures designed to safeguard personnel and prevent unauthorized access to equipment,

installations, material, documents etc, and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage, damage, and theft.

Example: Once the unit was in position, measures weretaken to provide physical security.

picketA detachment of troops guarding an army from surprise attack.

Example: The picket post was well protected.

pillboxA small, low fortification that houses machine guns, anti-tank

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weapons etc. The construction is usually of concrete, steel, orsandbags.

pipe-bomb A small homemade bomb usually contained in a metal pipe.

place of embarkation Another term for air or port point of embarkation.

plastic bullet A large bullet made of hard plastic that is designed to injure, but not to kill.

plastic explosive PE A soft explosive substance that is used to manufacture bombs andthat can be easily formed into different shapes.

platoonAn army unit subordinate to a company or battalion. A platoonusually comprises 4 squads, or sections, and is commanded by a

lieutenant. Infantry platoons vary in size from 24-50 men.

platoon commander The commander of a platoon.

police adviser (civilian)

A police officer tasked with assisting an SRSG in the preparation of cooperation agreements with the national police, and also in

assisting with the supervision of civilian police monitors. A police advisor also advises on human rights verification.

pontoon bridge A temporary floating bridge constructed with small, flatfloating sections.

port capacity The estimated capacity of a port or an anchorage to clear cargowithin a 24-hour period. Port capacity is usually expressed in tons.

port security

The safeguarding of vessels, harbours, ports, waterfront facilities, and cargo from internal threats such as destruction, loss or injury

resulting from acts of sabotage or other subversive acts,accidents, theft etc.

Example: Port security had been tight at the time.

position

A tactically-sited location, permanently occupied by armed troops, from where various operational tasks, such as checkpoints,

roadblocks, observations and patrols can be conducted.

Example: Within a short time, each component of the forcehad taken up position.

position defenceThe type of defence in which the bulk of the defending force

is disposed in selected tactical localities in the locationwhere the decisive battle will be fought.

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positional warfare Military doctrine mainly based on position defence.

pouch A small bag or soft container for the safeguard of cartridges.

practice mine

1. An inert mine to which is fitted a fuse and a device to indicate, in a non-lethal fashion, that the fuse has been activated.

2. An inert-filled naval mine, complete with assembly, andsuitable for instruction and for practice in preparation.

Example: Practice mines were then laid in preparationfor the Exercise.

prearranged fire Fire that is formally planned and executed against targets or target areas of known location.

pre-deployment activities Activities preceding the deployment of forces.

pre-emptive attack An attack initiated on the basis of incontrovertible evidence that an enemy attack is imminent.

pre-emptive strike A strike initiated on the basis of incontrovertible evidence that an enemy attack is imminent.

preparation fire Fire delivered on a target preparatory to an assault.

pre-planned air support

Air support in accordance with a program, planned in advance of operations.

prevention The security procedures undertaken by the public and private sector to discourage terrorist acts.

preventive deployment

Deployment of an inter-positional force to deter violence in a zone of potential conflict, where tension is rising among parties.

preventive diplomacyAction to prevent disputes from arising between parties, to

prevent existing disputes from escalating into conflicts, and action to limit the spread of the latter.

preventive measures Actions intended to stop something before it happens.

preventive medical measures PVNT-MED

Medical actions intended to prevent diseases, illnesses and exposure to threats to the health and readiness of military

and civilian personnel.

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preventive war A war initiated in the belief that military conflict is inevitable, and that to delay would involve greater risk.

primary censorship

Censorship imposed by Command, or by a CO on the personal communications of personnel assigned, attached, or otherwise

under the jurisdiction of that command.

Example: Because of the sensitive nature of the operation, theCO had no alternative but to introduce primary censorship.

primary functionA function or duty of first rank or importance.

Example: The primary function of the device detection.

primary interest

Principal, although not exclusive, interest and responsibility for accomplishment of a given mission, including responsibility for

reconciling the activities of other agencies with collateral interest in the program.

Example: His primary interest was to ensure the war did not spread beyond the current area of hostilities.

primary target An object of high publicity value. A target for terrorists,for example.

prior permission Permission granted before any action is taken.

priority

A type of call to a MEDEVAC helicopter to indicate non-mortal wounds, as opposed to, say, 'absolute emergency' or 'tactical

emergency'.

Example: The priority transmission simply stated that injuries were light.

priority message

A category of precedence reserved for messages that require quick action by the addressee.

Example: The priority message simply stated that injuries were light, but that reinforcements were necessary.

prisoner of war POW One, who while engaged in combat under orders of his government, is captured by the armed forces of an enemy.

prisoner-of-war censorship

The censorship of the communications to and from enemy POWs and civilian internees held by the Armed Forces.

prisoner-of-war compound A subdivision of a POW enclosure.

prisoner-of-war A subdivision of a POW camp.

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enclosure

prisoner-of-war camp POW campA camp of semi-permanent nature established for the complete

administration of POWs. The camp might be located on, or independent of, other military installations.

private property Property/possessions of an individual.

private voluntary organization PVOs A private, non-profit-making organization involved in

humanitarian assistance or development and relief activities.

privately owned vehicle POV A vehicle that is a personal possession.

pro-active measures Measures taken in the preventive stage of anti-terrorism anddesigned to harden targets and detect actions before they occur.

proactive mine-countermeasures

Measures intended to prevent the enemy from successfullylaying mines.

probability of damage PD

The probability that damage will occur to a target. Probability of damage is expressed as either a percentage or

as a decimal.

Example: The pilot estimated the PD to the complex to besome 40 per cent.

procedure word prowordA word or phrase limited to radio telephony procedure and

used to facilitate communication by conveying information in a condensed, standard form.

proclamationA document published to the inhabitants of an area that sets forth the basis of authority and the scope of activities of a commander

in a given area, and which defines the obligations, liabilities, duties, and rights of the population affected.

procurement

The process of obtaining personnel, services, supplies, and equipment.

Example: Procurement of the necessary supplies andequipment would be difficult; however, it was possiblethat certain priority items could be procured from the

local population.

prohibited area A specified area of the surface over which the flight of aircraft is prohibited, or to which surface access is prohibited.

promoteTo elevate someone to a higher rank or position within

an organisation.

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Example: On return to duty, he was promoted to Lt Col.

property damage Damage inflicted on property.

protected frequenciesFriendly frequencies used for a particular operation that are

identified and protected to prevent them from being jammed by friendly forces while active electronic-warfare measures are

directed against hostile forces.

protected siteA facility that is protected by the use of camouflage or concealment, selective siting, or the construction of facilities designed to prevent

damage from fragments caused by conventional weapons.

protective clothingClothing especially designed, fabricated, or treated to protect

personnel against hazards caused by extreme changes in physical environment, dangerous working conditions, or enemy action.

protective maskA protective ensemble designed to protect the wearer's face and eyes

and prevent the breathing of air contaminated with chemicaland/or biological agents.

protective minefield

1. A minefield employed to assist a unit in its local, close-in protection.

2. A minefield laid in friendly territorial waters to protect ports, harbours, anchorages, coasts and coastal routes.

psychological operations psyops

Planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behaviour of foreign governments,

organizations, groups, and individuals. The purpose of psychological operations is to induce or reinforce foreign attitudes and behaviour

favourable to the originator's objectives.

Example: The enemy's psyops were proving extremelyeffective and civil unrest was becoming a problem.

psychological warfare psywar

The planned use of propaganda and other psychological actions having the primary purpose of influencing the opinions, emotions,

attitudes, and behaviour of hostile foreign groups in such a way as to support the achievement of national objectives.

Example: All measures were being considered, including theeffective use of psywar.

public affairs guidance PAG Normally, a package of information to support the public

discussion of defence issues and operations.

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public information PI

Information of a military nature, the dissemination of which through public news media is not inconsistent with security, and the release

of which is considered desirable or non-objectionable to the responsible releasing agency.

Example: The public-information message was to be broadcast at 1800.

public information officer;

press information officer

PIO

1. Most commonly, a UN civilian staff member, who coordinates the activities of public relations officers of national contingents. A PIOserves as liaison between a peacekeeping force and the media, and

serves in an advisory capacity to the force commander, or the special representative of the UN Secretary-General. The PIO is concerned

with external relations in respect of local communities and the media, and he sometimes acts as spokesman.

2. The title PIO might also refer to the information officer of a contingent, with responsibility for informing the public of his home

country of a contingent's activities in the field. Conversely, the PIO might provide members of his own contingent with news

from home and from within the contingent itself.

public relations officer PRO

A military officer, with responsibilities similar to those ofthe contingent Public Information Officer, with responsibility

for informing the public of his home country of the activities ofa particular contingent and for providing members of his contingent

with news either from home or from within that contingent.

purchasing & processing officer

An officer, usually a civilian, in the procurement sectionof a PKO.

pyrotechnicsAmmunition containing chemicals that produce smoke or

brilliant light that is used for the purposes of signalling or for lighting up an area at night. Flares are a type of pyrotechnic.

quartering

To provide shelter for troops, HQs, establishments and supplies.

Example: Quartering the troops in the field would be difficult;however, they would be away from their current quarters

for just a short period.

quartering area; quartering site

The temporary quartering of troops in the process of being demobilized.

quartermaster An army officer who provides clothing and subsistence to troops.

QUEBEC The letter Q in the phonetic alphabet.

quick-reaction force QRF A rapid deployment force.

radar coverageThe limits within which objects can be detected by one or

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more radar stations.

Example: The aircraft would soon be within radar coverage,when air traffic control would be able to provide guidance.

radar intelligence radint Intelligence derived from data collected by radar.

radiation dose

The total amount of ionising radiation absorbed.

Example: Unfortunately, he had received a high dose ofradiation, which had exceeded the maximum safe

radiation dose for personnel in the field.

radio communicationsWireless medium for communications.

Example: Radio communication had been lost at a critical point.

radio deceptionThe use of radio transmissions to deceive the enemy. Radio

deception includes the sending of false dispatches, the use of deceptive headings, the employment of enemy call signs etc.

radio detection

The detection of the presence of an object by radio-locationwithout precise determination of its position.

Example: To avoid radio detection, all communications wereto be by hand signals.

radio-range station A radio-navigation station on land or at sea, within the Aeronautical Radio-Navigation Service, which provides radio equi-signal zones.

radio telephony The transmission of speech by means of modulated radio waves.

radius of action

The maximum distance a ship, aircraft, or vehicle can travel from its base, with normal combat load, and return without refuelling,

and allowing for all safety and operating factors.

Example: The known radius of action of the intruder wassome 800 nm.

rapid-deployment force RDF

Short-notice contingency force, formed both unilaterally and with partners, the of which might range from disaster relief, or humanitarian relief, to operations to maintain the peace or

engage in warfare. RDF is the generic term, whereas the termrapid-reaction force relates to various specific formations.

rapid-reaction force RRF The term used for various specific formations, ie a NATOcontingent, an UNPROFOR contingent, or a UNSAS contingent.

The generic term used for this type of formation is Rapid-

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Deployment Force'.

rate of fireThe number of rounds fired per minute.

Example: The rate of fire for the weapon was 1000 rounds per minute.

rate of marchThe average number of miles or kilometres to be travelled in a

given period of time, including all ordered halts. The rate of marchcan be expressed in either miles or kilometres per hour.

ration

A limited or approved amount of an item, such as food, that one person is permitted.

Example: Because of the delay and the hot weather, thesupply of water would need to be rationed.

razor wire

A strong wire constructed with barbs of sharp metal placedclosely together, which is utilised for fencing.

Example: The facility had been surrounded by a razor-wirefence, which served to hinder the attack.

readiness The ability of military forces to fight and meet the demands of the military strategy.

rear guard

1. The rear-most elements of a force either advancing or retreating. The functions of a rear guard might be to protect the rear of a

column from attack during a withdrawal, to delay an enemy duringan advance, or to keep supply routes open.

2. A security detachment positioned at the rear of a moving ground force to keep that force informed of enemy activity

and to keep it covered from attack.

Example: A rear-guard action was necessary, so the commanderdetailed the unit to fall back and form a rear guard.

recce vehicleA vehicle used for reconnaissance purposes.

Example: The vehicle could prove invaluable forrecce purposes.

recognition1. The determination by any means of the identity of persons; objects, such as aircraft, ships, or tanks; or phenomena, such as communications-electronics patterns. Recognition also

refers to the classification of an object as being one of a particular category of, say, tank, aircraft or vehicle.

recognition signalAny prearranged signal by which individuals or units

may identify each other.

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Example: He awaited the recognition signal and it duly cameas briefed.

reconnaissance recon;recce

1. A collection of visual, photographic, infrared or electronic information relating to enemy forces or terrain.

2. The employment of probing forces to ascertain enemy dispositions or weapon locations.

Example: The vehicle could prove invaluable forrecce purposes.

reconnaissance by fireA method of reconnaissance in which fire is placed on a suspected

enemy position to cause the enemy to disclose its presence and location either by means of movement or by returning fire.

reconnaissance exploitation report reccexrep

A standard message format used to report the results of a tactical air reconnaissance mission. Whenever possible the report should

include the interpretation of sensor imagery.

reconnaissance in force

An offensive operation designed to discover and/or test the enemy's strength or to obtain other information.

reconnaissance patrol A patrol deployed to collect information or to assess terrain.

recovery operations

Operations conducted to search for, locate, identify, rescue, and return personnel, sensitive equipment, or items critical to security.

Example: A major recovery operation would be needed torecover the downed planes.

recovery vehicleA vehicle, aircraft, maritime, or land, on which isolated personnel

are boarded and transported from a pickup site in a search and rescue operation.

recovery zone RZ

A designated geographic area from which special-operations forces can be extracted by air, boat, or other means.

Example: The unit needed to be in position at the RZ at 2300.

recruit A recently enlisted soldier.

rectifier An electrical device for converting alternating current (ac) into direct current (dc).

redeploymentThe transfer of forces and materiel from one task or locationto another. Personnel, equipment and materiel can also beredeployed home to demobilization stations and subsequent

reintegration or out-processing.

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Example: On completion of its task, the unit was redeployed tothe front line.

redeployment activities

The activities related to the transfer of forces and materiel to support another joint force commander's operational requirements, or to

return personnel, equipment, and materiel home to demobilization stations for reintegration and/or out-processing.

redeployment phase

The fifth and final phase in a peacekeeping operation, during which the mission is phased out. The redeployment phase includes

stores drawdown, out-survey procedures and transportation planning.

Example: The mission was entering its redeployment phase.

reduced lighting

Operating conditions in which the brightness of ground lighting is reduced by either reducing power or by screening in such a way that

any visible light is limited in output.

Example: The commander ordered reduced lighting.

reference point A prominent, easily located point in the terrain.

refuge areaA coastal area considered safe from enemy attack to which merchant

ships may be ordered to proceed when the shipping movement policy is implemented.

refugeeA person who, by reason of real or imagined danger, has left their

home country or country of their nationality and is unwilling or unable to return.

regiment A military division.

regulated item; controlled item

Any item whose issue to a user is subject to control by an appropriate authority for reasons of cost or

scarcity, for reasons of a technical or hazardous nature, orof operational significance.

reliability of source

Appraisal of an item of information in terms of the credibility and reliability of its source, or the pertinence and accuracy

of the information itself.

Example: There was a need to check reliability of source, priorto acting upon the information.

relief The configuration of land features on the surface of the Earth. On maps and charts, relief is represented by contour lines, hypsometric

tints, shading, spot elevations etc.

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Example: The chart had limited use: it did not show the reliefof the land, nor any significant features.

relocatable buildingA building designed to be readily moved, erected, disassembled,

stored, or re-utilised.

Example: The building was of the relocatable variety.

remote controlA system or a device for controlling the likes of a machine or vehicle

from a distance by using electrical or radio signals.

Example: The remote control was damaged.

remotely piloted vehicle;

unmanned aerial vehicle

RPV;UAV

An RPV can be controlled and directed from afar during its mission, whereas a UAV must be pre-programmed for a task, which

it then executes without further intervention.

repatriate

A person sent or returned to his home country.

Example: While the policy was to repatriate all refugees, he was hopeful that exceptions would be made and that he might avoid

repatriation.

repatriation

1. The procedure whereby citizens and their families are officially returned to their country of origin.

2. The release and return of enemy POWs to their own country.

Example: While the policy was to repatriate all refugees, he was hopeful that exceptions would be made and that he might avoid

repatriation.

replacements Personnel required to take the place of others who havedeparted a unit or have become casualties.

report line; report point Another term for a checkpoint.

reprisal

Activity against a person, group or organisation, as a punishment by military forces or a political group.

Example: There would undoubtedly be reprisals following theincident.

request for information RFI

Any specific time-sensitive ad hoc requirement for intelligence information to support an ongoing crisis or operation.

Example: The RFI was sent PRIORITY.

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rescue combat-air patrol RESCAP

An aircraft patrol over a combat search-and-rescue area for the purposes of intercepting and destroying hostile aircraft.

The primary mission of a RESCAP is to protect the search-and-rescue forces during recovery operations.

rescue ship The ship of a convoy that is stationed at the rear of the column to rescue survivors.

reserve

1. That portion of a body of troops that is kept to the rear, oris withheld from action at commencement of an engagement, to be

available for a decisive movement.

2. Members of the Services who are not in active service, but who may be called to active duty when required.

3. A portion of allocated funds that is held or set aside for future operations or contingencies.

Example: The squadron had been held in reserve pendingthe outcome of the initial operation.

reserve supplies; reserves

Supplies accumulated in excess of immediate needs for the purposeof ensuring continuity of an adequate supply.

Example: Because of the nature of the emergency, rationswere taken from the reserves to meet the immediate need.

reserved route A specific traffic route that is allocated exclusively for useby an authority or formation.

residual radiationNuclear radiation caused by fallout, artificial dispersion of

radioactive material, or irradiation that results from a nuclear explosion and persists longer than one minute after burst.

resistance movement

An organized portion of the civil population of acountry that resists the legally established government or occupying power and whose aim is to disrupt civil order

and stability.

Example: He was rescued by members of the local resistance movement.

resolution

1. A measurement of the smallest detail that can be distinguished by a sensor system, radar for example, under specific conditions.

2. A formal expression by an official body such as the UN Security Council, or NATO that may provide the basis for

or imposes limits on a military operation.

resourcesThe forces, materiel, and other assets or capabilities apportioned or

allocated to a commander.

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respiratorA device worn over the mouth and nose to prevent harmful

substances from being inhaled. A respirator is commonly known also as a 'gas mask'.

response force RF A mobile force with appropriate fire support tasked to deal with Level II threats in the rear area.

responsibility

The obligation placed on a person to ensure the proper custody, care and safekeeping of property, documents, funds et al, entrusted

to that person. Responsibility compares closelywith 'accountability'.

Example: He was given responsibility for the task by hissuperiors and would be accountable to his OC should he fail.

rest and recuperation R&R The withdrawal of individuals from combat or duty in a combat area for short periods of rest and recuperation.

restricted area RA Area under military jurisdiction in which special security measures are employed to prevent unauthorized entry.

restricted-weapons zone RWZ Zone within which no heavy military equipment is allowed.

restrictive-fire area RFAAn area in which specific firing restrictions are imposed andinto which firings that exceed those restrictions must not be

delivered without coordination with HQ.

re-supplying The act of replenishing stocks to maintain required levels of supply.

retirement An operation in which a force out of contact retreats from the enemy.

retirement route The track or series of tracks along which helicopters withdrawfrom a specific landing site or LZ.

retreat

Withdrawal by a military force to a more favourable position.

Example: The order was given to withdraw and the unitretreated to a safe area.

revolt Organised opposition to authority, ie a rebellion, insurrection,or uprising.

rifle A gun with a long barrel, which is fired from the shoulder.

riot-control operations

The employment of riot-control measures, tactics, formations and equipment to control violent disorders.

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risk management RMThe process of identifying, assessing, and controlling the risksassociated with operational factors and decision making that

balance the risks with the likely benefits of a mission.

road block A barrier or obstacle, usually with weapons in support, that is used to block or limit the movement of hostile vehicles along a route.

road capacity

The maximum traffic flow possible on a given roadway, using all available lanes. Road capacity is expressed in the number of

vehicles per hour or number of vehicles per day.

Example: The capacity of the road was some 200 vehicles per hour.

road-hazard sign

A sign used to indicate traffic hazards. Military-hazard signs should be used in a communications zone only in accordance

with existing agreements with the national authorities.

Example: Road-hazard signs were placed at the entrance and the exit to the zone, along with signs to indicate the presence

of military hazards.

rocket

A self-propelled vehicle whose trajectory or course while in flightcannot be controlled.

Example: The guidance mechanism of the missile had failed;the weapon was therefore now merely a rocket out of control.

rocket launcherArmament in the form of a device capable of launching a rocket; a

special device/weapon from which rockets or missiles are launched. a mobile

rocket launcher.

roll-callReading aloud the names of personnel on a roll to ensure

all are present.

Example: He was absent at the time and missed the roll-call.

ROMEO The letter R in the phonetic alphabet.

route The prescribed course to be travelled from a point of origin to a specific destination.

route capacity

1. The maximum traffic flow of vehicles in one direction at the most restricted point on a route.

2. The maximum number of metric tonnes that can be movedin one direction over a particular route in one hour.

Example: Route capacity is the product of the maximum traffic flow and the average payload of vehicles using that route.

route classificationClassification of a route taking into account such factors as

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minimum width, route comparisons, number of bridges to be negotiated, passability, load classification, obstructions to traffic

flow, 'bottle necks', height of culverts etc.

rubber bullet A bullet moulded in rubber designed to injure but not kill. A plastic bullet serves the same purpose.

rules of engagement ROE

Directives issued by DPKO that specify the way units within a PKO are to act towards hostile parties and the

population in general.

Example: The action would have breeched the ROE.

runner A soldier despatched to deliver an oral message.

runway A defined rectangular paved area of an airfield, prepared for the landing and take off of aircraft.

ruse

A trick of war designed to deceive the adversary.

Example: The mission involved the deliberate exposure of false information. The ruse would hopefully go undetected by the

enemy's intelligence system.

sabotage

An act or acts with intent to injure, interfere with, or obstruct the national defence of a country by wilfully injuring or destroying, or

attempting to injure or destroy, any national defence or war materiel, premises, or utilities, including human and natural resources.

Example: The incident was an act of sabotage in response tothe sabotaging of the enemy's fuel depot.

saboteurOne who commits sabotage.

Example: The saboteur was shot as he attempted to escape.

safe distance The horizontal range from the edge of the explosion-damage area in naval mine warfare to the centre of the minesweeper.

safe haven; safe area;

safe humanitarian zone;

protected zone

A designated area in hostile territory that offers the evader orescapee a reasonable chance of avoiding capture and of

surviving until he or she can be evacuated.

safe speedA speed at which a particular ship engaged in naval mine

warfare can proceed without actuating a given influence mine, at the depth under consideration, within the damage area.

safety deviceA device that prevents unintentional functioning.

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Example: He then activated the safety device to render theweapon safe.

safety distance The separation distance, specified by Command, at which vehicles must travel in column to meet safety requirements.

safety fuseA pyrotechnic contained in a flexible and weather-proof sheath that

will burn at a timed and constant rate. A safety fuse is used to transmit a flame to the detonator.

safety zone A surface area reserved for non-combat operations by friendly aircraft, surface ships, submarines, or land forces.

sanctuaryA nation or region near or contiguous to the combat area that,

by tacit agreement between the warring powers, is exempt fromhostilities and can therefore serve as a refuge for staging, logistics,

or other activities by the combatant powers.

sapperA military engineer who lays or detects and disarms mines.

Example: The sappers then moved in and began construction.

scale

The ratio or fraction between the distance on a map, chart, or photograph and the corresponding distance on the

surface of the Earth.

Example: The scale on the map was deceptive; it would bea large scale operation.

scatterable-mineA mine laid without regard to pattern that can be delivered by

aircraft, artillery, missile, ground dispenser, or by hand. Once laid, a scatterable mine normally has a limited life.

scheduled fire Pre-arranged fire executed at a pre-determined time.

scheduled target A planned target on which a weapon is to be delivered at a specific time during combat-support operations.

scientific & technical intelligence S&TI The collection, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of foreign

scientific and technical information.

scouting picket Another term for an observation post.

sea point of embarkation SPOE A term used in movement-control operations and also termed

port of embarkation.

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sea surveillanceThe systematic observation of surface and subsurface sea areas b all available and practicable means, primarily for the purpose of

locating, identifying and determining the movements of ships, submarines and other vehicles.

seaplane An aircraft that can take off and land on water.

search1. An operation to locate an enemy force.

2. A systematic reconnaissance of a defined area, so that all parts of the area have passed within visibility.

search & rescue SARThe use of aircraft, surface craft, submarines, specialized rescue

teams and equipment to search for and rescue personnel in distress.

search & rescue region

An inland or coastal area where search and rescue operations are conducted.

search missionAn air reconnaissance by one or more aircraft dispatched to

locate an object or objects known or suspected to be in a specific area.

search radiusA radius centred on a datum point having a length equal to the

total probable error, plus an additional safety length, to ensure a greater than 50 percent probability that the SAR target is

in the search area.

secondary road A road supplementing a main road, usually wide enough and suitable for 2-way, all-weather traffic at moderate or slow speeds.

secondary targets Alternative targets of lower strategic value that are attacked when the primary target is unattainable.

second-line maintenance

Maintenance conducted at Force or formation level.

Example: Second-line maintenance during the missionwould be the responsibility of PKO HQ.

sectionA unit that is smaller than a platoon and larger than a squad.

In some organizations, the section, rather than the squad, is the smallest tactical unit.

sector A specified area within which a unit operates and for which it is responsible.

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sector of fire A defined area to be covered by the fire of individual weapons,crew-served weapons, or the weapons of a unit.

security adviser Civilian or police officer whose task is to advise on security issues.

security countermeasures

Protective activities required to prevent espionage, sabotage, theft, or unauthorized use of classified or controlled information,

systems, or material.

Example: Following the incident, there was a need toenhance the Mission's security countermeasures.

security force A force tasked with taking precautionary measures against theft, espionage, sabotage etc.

security intelligence

Intelligence concerning the identity, capabilities, and intentions of hostile organizations, or individuals, who are or may be engaged

in espionage, sabotage, subversion, or terrorism.

Example: The security intelligence available indicated thepresence of subversive activity.

security zone SZ Area in which no armed forces or heavy military equipment are permitted.

sedition

The act of wilfully advocating or proclaiming the duty or necessity of overthrowing a government or a political sub-division

by use of force or violence.

Example: He was guilty of sedition.

seizures

Any goods, including drugs and conveyances, seized by law-enforcement authorities and confiscated on evidence that those

goods were derived from or used in illegal activities.

Example: The seizures were sizeable in number and wereactioned as the cargo came ashore.

selected area for evasion SAFE

A designated area in hostile territory that offers evaders or escapees a reasonable chance of avoiding capture and of surviving until

they can be evacuated.

Example: The SAFE was at the foot of the mountain and closeto the border.

self-destruction fuseA fuse designed to activate and explode a projectile prior to

the end of its flight.

Example: The missile was fitted with a self-destruction fuse.

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self-inflicted woundWound due to self-injury.

Example: The man's wounds were self-inflicted.

semi-automatic weapon

A weapon that has the mechanism to fire one bullet at a time,or to fire rounds continuously in a sequence if required,

ie a semi-automatic pistol.

semi-fixed ammunition

Ammunition in which the cartridge case is not permanently attached to the projectile.

sensor

An item of equipment that detects, and may indicate and/or record objects and activities by means of energy or particles emitted,

reflected, or modified by objects.

Example: The sensor had the capability to detect any objectthat moved within a range of 300 metres.

sentry

A person, vehicle, aircraft or ship deployed to keep watchor to act as a guard so as to protect a facility or an activity.

Example 1: A sentry was posted at the entrance to the cavewhile the meeting took place.

Example 2: The minesweeper was placed on sentry duty at the mouth of the river.

separation of forces The withdrawal of opposing forces behind specified lines.

separation zoneAn area between 2 adjacent horizontal or vertical areas, where

the entry of units is not permitted unless certain safety measuresare fulfilled.

seriously woundedA casualty whose injuries or illness are of such severity that the

patient is rendered unable to walk or sit, thereby requiring a litterfor movement and evacuation.

Service dress A uniform for formal occasions.

service mine A mine capable of a destructive explosion.

servicing

Work to maintain motor vehicles in an operational condition, ie cleaning, lubricating, fuel and lubricant replenishment, the

checking of tyres and tyre air pressures etc.

Example: The journey had been long and arduous, and thevehicle was in dire need of a good service.

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shelterA place where one can go for protection.

Example: During the action, the group had sheltered ina basement, which had been an ideal shelter in the circumstances.

shock wave The continuously propagated pressure pulse formed by the blast from an air, under water or under ground explosion.

shooting report SHOOTREP

A report of a shooting incident that includes the date, time and location of the incident; the identity of the report's originator;the number and types of weapons used; and the nature of fire,

ie rounds, bursts, spasmodic, sustained etc.

Example: According to the SHOOTREP, the incident wasone of self-defence.

shore party;beach group

The task organization of a landing force deployed for such purposes as facilitating the beach landing and movement of troops, equipment, and supplies; the evacuation of casualties and enemy POWs; and the

beaching, retraction and salvaging of landing craft. A shore party can comprise elements of both naval and land forces.

shortfall

A lack of forces, equipment, personnel, materiel, or capability reflected as the difference between those resources identified as

required and those actually apportioned. A shortfall mightadversely affect the command's ability to accomplish its mission.

Example: The serious shortfall in equipment meant thatthe force was inadequately equipped for the task at hand.

shovel

A long-handled tool for the purposes of moving loose material such as sand, stones, coal or snow. In the form of a hand tool, a

shovel can also be used for digging. A spade, with a smaller,sturdier face than a shovel would be used for digging in the ground.

Example: Shovels were issued to those personnel tasked with

snow-clearing, while the latrine party were issued with spades.

show of force The deploying of military forces to deter a potential aggressor and to demonstrate resolve.

shrapnel Small fragments of metal scattered by a bomb or similar weapon when it explodes. Shrapnel is intended to injure and maim.

siegeThe surrounding of a facility by an armed force with the intention

of defeating those defending it, or the action of an armed forcein surrounding a fortification and isolating it while

continuing to attack.

Example: The attacking forces laid siege to the harbour.

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SIERRA The letter S in the phonetic alphabet.

sightA device for the purpose of accurately aiming a weapon.

Example: Through the telescopic sight, he could clearlyidentify his prey.

signal pistol A hand-held gun that fires signal flares.

signaller Someone who communicates by signals.

signal

1. A transmitted electrical pulse.

2. An operational message, the text of which consists of one ormore letters, words, characters, signal flags, visual displays, or

special sounds, that is conveyed or transmitted by visual, acoustical, or electrical means.

Example 1: The radio operator was receiving a signal, despitethe poor reception.

Example 2: Once in position, the sniper signalled his readiness.

signed routeA route along which a unit has placed directional signs bearing

its unit identification symbol. The signs are for that unit's use only and must comply with movement regulations.

significant (or special) incident report SINCREP

Initial, intermediate and final reports on serious incidents thatoccur in a PKO's area of operation. SINCREPs are submitted by

units to a higher formation to report incidents in theirrespective areas of responsibility.

silencer1. Short tube attached to the muzzle of a gun that deadens the noise

of the weapon on firing.

2. That part of a vehicle exhaust that muffles the noise

single-flow routeA route at least one-and-a-half lanes wide allowing the passage

of a column of vehicles, and permitting isolated vehicles to pass or travel in the opposite direction at predetermined points.

situation assessment

Assessment produced by combining military geography, weather, and threat data to provide a comprehensive projection of a

situation.

Example: The commander considered the situation assessmentand decided to move immediately.

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Situation Centre SITCEN The Situation Centre at PKO HQ.

situation map A map showing the tactical or the administrative situation at a particular time.

situation report SITREP;Sit Rep

A report giving the situation in the area of a reporting unit or formation.

Example: The SITREP provided clear evidence that theoperation was in trouble.

skill-at-arms SAA Military training using arms.

skirmishA minor, contained short-term fight that is usually not planned.

Example: During the march they encountered a minor skirmishwith guerrillas.

slightly wounded

A casualty whose injuries or illness are relatively minor andwhich permit the patient to walk and/or sit.

Example: The wounds were slight and he was able tocontinue to operate.

sling A strap, piece of cloth, or rope for supporting, lifting or carrying objects.

small arms

Man-portable, individual, and crew-served weapons systems used mainly against personnel and lightly armoured or

un-armoured equipment.

Example: During the skirmish, the unit came under small-arms fire.

small, austere airfield SAAF Unsophisticated airfield, usually with a short runway, that is limited in facilities, and possibly useful only for the

operation of light aircraft.

small-scale map A map having a scale smaller than 1:600 000.

smart bomb A bomb that is directed to its target by monitor and by means of a signal or laser-guide system.

smoke discharger A device that produces smoke that is used to mask either friendly or enemy installations or manoeuvres.

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smoke screen A cloud of smoke used to screen an activity or to provide cover.

sniper A marksman who shoots at people from a concealed place.

special assistant A civilian who is responsible for arranging and organizingthe official schedule of an SRSG.

special cargo A cargo that requires special handling or protection, such as pyrotechnics, detonators, watches, and precision instruments.

Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations

A special committee established to conduct a comprehensive reviewof all aspects of peacekeeping operations.

special forces SF

Forces organized, trained, and equipped specifically to conduct special operations.

Example: Because of the nature of the task, the ForceCommander decided it would be special-forces operation.

special-interest target SITA target or a contact that requires or deserves special interest.

Example: There was a need to select the SITs for the mission.

special-mission unit SMU A group of operations and support personnel task-organized to perform highly classified activities.

special operations

1. Any form of action with a military purpose, yet not necessarily involving the use of force or violence.

2. Military, commando-like actions against strategic or tactical targets.

Example: On its return, the squadron was assigned to special operations.

special-operations command SOC

A subordinate unified or other joint command established by a joint-force commander to plan, coordinate, conduct, and support

joint special operations.

special-operations forces SOF SOF are ctive or reserve forces that are specifically organized,

trained and equipped to conduct and support special operations.

special reconnaissance SR

Reconnaissance and surveillance activities conducted by special- operations forces to obtain or verify, by visual observation or other

collection methods, information concerning the capabilities, intentions, and activities of an actual or potential enemy, or to secure data concerning the meteorological, hydrographic, or

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geographic characteristics of a particular area.

Example: SR activities included target acquisition, area assessment, and post-strike reconnaissance.

Special Representative of the

Secretary-GeneralSRSG The highest-ranking international civilian official in a

UN peacekeeping operation

specialist intelligence report SPIREP A category of specialized, technical reports used for the

dissemination of intelligence.

specified commandA command that has a broad, continuing mission, normally functional

rather than geographic. A specified command normally comprisesforces from a single military department.

squad The smallest tactical unit of military personnel.

squad section A small group of personnel trained to work together as a unit.

staff officer

An army officer on the staff of a senior commander whoassists in the planning of military activities.

Example: His next appointment was likely to be that ofMOD staff officer, possibly with the general staffs.

staff sergeant A SNCO rank below that of warrant officer.

staging area A general locality established for the concentration of troop units and transient personnel during mobilization.

standardizationThe process of standardizing equipment and procedures in a multinational organization. Standardization can

relate to low-level compatibility, inter-operability, interchange ability and commonality in equipment.

stand-by phaseThe first phase in a peacekeeping operation, whereby a

technical-survey team is dispatched to the potential mission area, prior to or shortly after the Security Council adopts

a resolution.

standing operating procedures SOPs

SOPs detail the political and military operations in an area, iestaff duties, the structure of force, the mandate and methods of operations, those rules applicable to the carriage of weapons,

the use of force, states of alert et al.

standing order A promulgated order that remains in force until amended or cancelled.

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state of alert

UN forces usually have 3 states of readiness: normal vigilance, increased vigilance and full alert. The system allows for the

gradual stepping-up of UN reaction as a situation develops, forexample, in response to increased threats. The 3 states of alert are

normally designated by colours: white, amber and red.

Example: Prior to the attack, the alert state had been AMBER.

state of readinessDefence readiness condition.

Example: Prior to the attack, the force had been at a high state of readiness.

stock control

The process of maintaining inventory data concerning the quantity, location, and condition of supplies and equipment.

Example: The stock-control staff checked the equipment due-in,that on-hand and that due-out so that they could determine

the quantities of material and equipment availablefor the task.

storage lifeThe length of time for which an item of supply, including explosives,

given specific storage conditions, may be expected to remain serviceable and, if relevant, safe to use.

strafingThe delivery of automatic fire by aircraft on ground targets.

Example: The aircraft banked and turned and thencompleted a strafing run on the convoy.

strategic advantage

The overall relative power relationship of opponents that enables one nation, or group of nations, to control the course of a military

or political situation.

Example: In that conflict, NATO had a distinct strategic advantage.

strategic concept

The course of action accepted, once the strategic situation hasbeen considered. The strategic concept is a statement of

requirements, in broad terms, with sufficient flexibility to permit its use in framing the military, diplomatic, economic and

informational measures that stem from it.

strategic intelligence Intelligence that is required for the formulation of strategy, policy,and military plans and operations at national and theatre levels.

strategic mapA map of medium scale or smaller that is used for planning

operations, including the movement, concentration and supply of troops.

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strategic mining A long-term mining operation designed to deny the enemy the use of specific sea routes or sea areas.

strategic missionA mission directed against one or more of a selected series of

enemy targets with the purposes of progressive destruction and disintegration of both the enemy's war-making capacity and

its will to wage war.

strategic plan A plan for the overall conduct of a war.

strategic warning A warning prior to the initiation of a threatening act.

strike force A force comprising the units necessary to conduct strikes, attack or assault operations.

strip marker A natural, artificial, or specially installed marker thatis located at the start and finish of a mine strip.

strong pointA key point, in a defensive position, usually strongly fortified and

heavily armed with automatic weapons, around which other positions are grouped for its protection.

stun grenade A device that is used to temporarily incapacitate personnelwithout permanently harming them.

sub-machine gun A portable, light, rapid-fire automatic gun.

subsidiary landing

An amphibious landing usually outside the designated landing area, the purpose of which is to support

the main landing.

Example: The marine commander was tasked withmaking a subsidiary landing further along the coast.

subversionAction designed to undermine the military, economic, psychological,

or political strength or morale of a regime.

supplies

Class I supplies relate to subsistence items; Class II to clothing, tentage, individual tools etc; Class III to petroleum, oil and lubricants; Class IV to construction materials; Class V to

ammunition; Class VI to troop equipments; Class VII to tanks, artillery, trucks, planes etc; Class VIII to medical supplies; Class IX to parts and assemblies; and Class X to non-military supplies.

supply depotA specialized facility designed, equipped and manned to perform the

warehousing function and to conduct other activities, particularly those associated with the maintenance of stocks.

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supply point Central point where rations can be drawn by contingents, daily (fresh rations), or weekly (dry rations).

supply section SS Logistics & Communications Service, Department of Peacekeeping Operations.

support to counterinsurgency

Support provided to a government in relation to the military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and civic actions

it might be required to undertake to defeat insurgency.

support to insurgency

Support provided to an organized movement and aimed at the overthrow of a constituted government, through use of

subversion and armed conflict.

Example: The task of the contingent was to provide theGovernment with support to insurgency.

supporting armsWeapons and weapons systems of all types employed to

support forces by indirect or direct fire.

Example: The supporting arms brought up the rear.

supporting artilleryArtillery that executes fire missions in support of a specific unit,

usually infantry, but which remains under the command of amore senior artillery commander.

supporting fire

Fire delivered by supporting units to assist or protect a unit in combat.

Example: Supporting fire was provided by the paramilitary forces on the flank.

supporting forces Forces stationed in, or to be deployed to, an operational area to provide support for the execution of an operation order.

supporting operations Operations conducted by forces other than those conducted by the main force.

supporting plan An operation plan prepared by a supporting commander or a subordinate commander in support of the force commander's plan.

suppression missionA mission to suppress an actual or suspected weapons system for the

purpose of degrading its performance at a specific time and for a specified duration.

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suppressive fire Fire on or about a weapons system to degrade its performanceduring the conduct of a fire mission or attack.

surface-to-air guided missile

A guided missile launched from land or sea, for use against airborne targets.

surface-to-air missile SAM A missile launched from land or sea, for use against airborne targets.

surface-to-air weapon A weapon fired from land or sea, for use against airborne targets.

surface-to-surface guided missile

A guided missile launched from land or sea, for use against targets on the surface.

surface-to-surface missile SSM A missile launched from land or sea, for use against targets on

the surface.

surrender To cease combat and acknowledge defeat.

surveillance

A systematic observation of airspace or surface areas by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means.

Example: The purpose of the drone was to conduct surveillance of the area.

susceptibility

The vulnerability of a target audience to particular forms of psychological operations.

Example: He was concerned at the susceptibility of thelocals to the propaganda.

sustainabilityThe degree of mobility and survivability of a unit considered

in relation to the tasks, deployment areas, and degree of support allocated to that unit.

sustained fire SF Prolonged fire, maintained without interruption or weakening.

sustainment phaseThe fourth phase in a peacekeeping operation, during which the

logistics support of the contingents are the responsibilityof the UN.

swept path The width of a lane swept during the mechanical sweepof a minefield.

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table of organization & equipment TOE

1. The TOE details the authorized levels of personnel and major equipment in formations and their sub-units and

defines the order of battle.

2. Under the UN standby arrangements system, the TOE lists the standard components available for peacekeeping operations, and

provide guidelines on task, organization, size, equipments etc.

tactical aero-medical evacuation

That phase of evacuation that provides airlift for patients from the combat zone to points outside the combat zone, and between points

within the communications zone.

tactical air force An air force charged with carrying out tactical air operations in coordination with ground or naval forces.

tactical air support

Air operations carried out in coordination with surface forces and which directly assist land or maritime operations.

Example: The squadron was tasked with providingtactical air support.

Tactical Command TACOM

The facilities, equipment, communications, procedures and personnel tasked with planning, directing, and controlling

the operations of assigned and attached forces.

Example: The orders from TACOM were explicit.

tactical concept A statement, in broad outline, that provides a common basis forthe future execution of tactical doctrine.

tactical control TACON

The Command authority over assigned or attached forces or commands. Tactical control is inherent in operational control

and may be delegated to, and exercised at, any level at orbelow the level of combatant command.

Example: The orders from TACOM were explicit.

tactical emergencyA call to a MEDEVAC helicopter to indicate casualties that are so serious or on such a scale as to endanger the mission. The term

compares with 'absolute emergency' and 'priority'.

tactical intelligence TACINTEL Intelligence that is required for the planning and conduct of tactical operations.

tactical minefieldA minefield that is designed to directly attack enemy manoeuvres, as part of a formation-obstacle plan. A tactical minefield is laidfor the purposes of delaying, channelling, or disrupting an enemy

advance, giving the defending element a positional advantage.

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tactical mining Mining designed to influence a specific operation or to counter a known or presumed tactical aim of the enemy.

tactical reserve That part of a force held under the control of the commander as a manoeuvring force to influence future action.

tactical satellite TACSAT A satellite for use by forward air controllers.

tactical securityThe measures necessary to deny information to the enemy

and to ensure that a force retains its freedom of action, andis warned or protected against an unexpected encounter

with the enemy.

tactical troopsCombat troops, together with any service troops required for their

direct support, who are organized under one commander to operate as a unit and engage the enemy in combat.

tactical unitA grouping of troops, aircraft, or ships that is intended to serve

as a single unit in combat. A tactical unit may include other units required to service it.

tailored forces Forces or units organised or equipped to fit the need of a particular operation.

TANGO The letter T in the phonetic alphabet.

tank killer Another term for an anti-tank helicopter.

target analysis

An examination of potential targets to determine military importance, priority of attack and the weapons required to obtain

a desired level of damage or casualties.

Example: Prior to the attack, there was a need to conduct atarget analysis.

target audience An individual or group selected for influence by means of psychological operations.

target date The date on which a planned action should be accomplished or initiated.

target intelligenceIntelligence that portrays and locates the components of a target

or target complex and indicates its vulnerability and relative importance.

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task fleetA mobile command comprising ships and aircraft established for the

accomplishment of a specific major task or tasks that may be of a continuing nature.

task force TF

1. A temporary grouping of units under one commander, formed for the purpose of carrying out a specific operation or mission.

2. A component of a fleet organized by the commander of a taskfleet or higher authority, for the accomplishment of a specific task.

task organization

1. A temporary grouping of forces designed to accomplish a particular mission.

2. The distribution of available assets to subordinate control or a subordinate HQ. Task organization may be accomplished by

attachment, by direct support, or by placing assets under the operational control of a subordinate commander.

tasking

The process of translating the allocation of personnel, supplies and equipment into orders, and the passing of these orders to

the units involved.

Example: His tasking was to execute the mission and return to base by the most direct route.

tear gas A type of gas that makes the eyes fill with tears, but does not damage them. Tear gas is used by police and armed forces primarily

for the purpose dispersing unruly crowds.

technical characteristics

Those characteristics of equipment that pertain primarily to the engineering principles involved in producing equipment possessing

desired military characteristics.

Example: The technical characteristics of electronic equipment are circuitry and an arrangement of different types

of small components.

technical documentation TECDOC Any documentation regarding technical issues.

technical informationInformation, including scientific information, that relates to

the research, development, engineering, test results, evaluation, production, operation, use and the maintenance of

munitions and other military supplies and equipment.

technical intelligence TECHINT

Intelligence derived by the exploitation of captured foreign material.Technical intelligence is produced for strategic, operational, and tactical-level commanders. The intelligence is exploited by higher

command until countermeasures are produced to neutralizeany technological advantage enjoyed by the enemy.

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telecommunications centre COMMCEN

A facility, normally serving more than one organization or terminal, that is responsible for the transmission, receipt,

acceptance, processing and distribution of incoming and outgoing messages.

temporary cease-fire Agreement, such as that between 2 armies, to cease hostilitiesfor a specified period to allow for discussions.

terrain analysisThe collection, analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of geographic

information concerning the natural and manmade features of the terrain, combined with other relevant factors, to predict the effect of

the terrain on military operations.

terrain studyAn analysis and interpretation of the natural and manmade features

of an area, their effects on military operations, and the effect of weather and climate on those features.

terrorismThe calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful

violence to inculcate fear. Acts of terrorism are intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that

are generally political, religious, or ideological.

terrorist An individual who uses violence, terror, and intimidation to achieve a political, religious or idealogical result.

terrorist groupsAny element, regardless of size or espoused cause, that commits acts of violence or threatens violence in pursuit of its political,

religious or ideological objectives.

terrorist-threat conditions

THREA-CONS

The identification of and recommended response to a terrorist threat against personnel and facilities.

Example: Because of the prevailing THREA-CONS, measures would need to be taken to protect the locale.

international community All countries of the World.

theatre of operations TOA sub-area within a theatre of war, defined by the geographic combatant commander, for the conduct or support of specific

operations.

third-line maintenance

That maintenance conducted by local, national or international industrial facilities, often under contract. In the case of MPVs,

third-line maintenance is carried out by logistics battalion maintenance companies; in the case of SCPVs third-line

maintenance is conducted under contract.

third-line stocksStocks procured outside the mission area and which may or

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may not be centrally warehoused in the mission area.

threat analysisA continual process of compiling and examining all available

information concerning potential terrorist activities by terrorist groups that may target a facility.

threat & vulnerability assessment

In the context of antiterrorism, the pairing of a facility's threat analysis and vulnerability analysis.

threat identification & assessment

A function that provides timely warning of potential threats to national interests; meets intelligence-collection requirements;

advises on the effects of environmental hazards, physical hazards and health hazards; advises on cultural factors related to friendly and

enemy operations; and determines enemy military posture and possible intentions.

time fuseA fuse that contains a graduated time element to regulate

the time interval before the fuse activates.

Example: The explosive was on a time fuse.

time interval

Duration of a segment of time without reference to when the time interval begins or ends.

Example: The time interval between explosions wasapproximately 30 seconds.

time of attack The hour at which an attack is to be launched.

time of delivery The time at which an addressee or relay agency receives a message.

time slot A period of time during which certain activities are governed by specific regulations.

time-bomb A bomb that contains a device that can be set to make the bomb explode at a particular time in the future.

top secretA category of security classification for material that requires the

highest degree of protection and that the unauthorized disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to cause exceptionally grave

damage to the national interest.

topographic map A map that presents the vertical position of features in measurable form as well as their horizontal positions.

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total mobilization

The act of expanding the active armed forces to organise and/or generate additional units or personnel beyond the existing force

structure and the resources needed for their support. Total mobilization can be required to meet the total requirements of

a war, or other national emergency involving an externalthreat to national security.

Example: To meet the increased threat, total mobilizationwould be necessary.

tracer bullet;tracer

Ammunition, the flight of which can be observed by a trail of flame or smoke, so that the projectile's direction can be observed.

Example: The enemy employed the use of tracer toimprove their accuracy of fire.

track of interestContacts, in the context of counter-drug operations, that meet the

initial sorting criteria applicable in an area where contacts are detected.

tracking The precise and continuous position-finding of targets by radar, optical equipment, or by other means.

traffic circulation map;

circulation map

A map showing traffic routes and measures for traffic regulation.The map indicates the roads for use of certain types of traffic, the

locations of traffic-control stations, and the directions inwhich traffic may move.

traffic control TC Control of the flow of traffic.

traffic-control policeAny persons ordered by a military commander and/or by national

authorities to facilitate the movement of traffic and to prevent and/or report any breach of road traffic regulations.

traffic densityThe average number of vehicles that occupy one mile or one

kilometre of road space, expressed in vehicles per mile orvehicles per kilometre.

traffic flowThe total number of vehicles passing a given point in a given time.

Traffic flow is expressed in vehicles per hour.

Example: The traffic flow was heavier than usual.

traffic post;traffic point TP A place where traffic is directed, controlled and supervised.

trafficabilityThe capability of terrain to bear traffic. The term refers to the extent

to which terrain will permit the continual movementof all or specific types of traffic.

train path

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The timing of a possible movement of a train along a given route. The train paths on a given route constitute a timetable.

training aids Any item developed or procured for training purposes.

Training Unit TU

Established 1993, on request of the General Assembly, the aim of the TU is to coordinate and standardise peacekeeping training. The TU is organic to the Planning Division, Office of Planning

& Support, Department of Peacekeeping Operations.

transfer area The area of water in which the transfer of troops and supplies from landing craft to amphibious vehicles is effected.

transfer loaderA wheeled or tracked vehicle with a platform capable of vertical

and horizontal adjustment that is used for the loading and unloading of aircraft, ships, or other vehicles.

transient forcesForces that pass or stage through, or base temporarily within, the

operational area of another command, but are not under its operational control.

transit area A place for concentration of troop units and transient personnel between movements.

transponderA receiver-transmitter that will generate a reply signal upon

proper interrogation by friendly forces.

Example: The aircraft's transponder was unserviceable.

transport aircraft An aircraft designed primarily for the carriage of personnel and/or cargo.

transport unitThat unit that specialises in the maintenance and issue

of transport for the carriage of personnel; light, medium or heavy cargo; composite transport; off-road vehicles; medical-evacuation

vehicles; or petroleum transport.

travel subsistence allowance TSA

A sum granted as reimbursement for expenses allowed for travel and subsistence.

Example: The rate of TSA was well below expectations.

treason Violation of the allegiance owed to one's sovereign or state. Treason is the betrayal of one's country.

trench A deep channel in the ground utilised by soldiers as a place

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from which they can attack the enemy while remaining hidden and protected from small-arms fire and shrapnel.

triage

The evaluation and classification of casualties for the purposesof treatment and evacuation. Triage consists of the immediate

sorting of patients according to type and seriousness of injury, and also the likelihood of survival. It is also the establishing of

priorities for treatment and evacuation so as to assure medical care of the greatest benefit to the largest number.

Example: The wounded were stabilized and awaiting triage.

triangulation point; trig point;

triangulation station

A point on the Earth, the position of which is determined by triangulation.

trigger A lever that activates the firing mechanism of a gun and which causes the gun to fire when pressed.

troop contributing nation TCN

A state contributing troops to a particular mission.

Example: One nation was a TCN, while the other was not.

truce A brief interruption in a war or argument, or a temporary agreement to cease hostilities for a specified purpose.

truck A large road vehicle that is used for transporting goods.

true northThe direction from an observer's position to the geographic North

Pole. The northerly direction of any geographic meridian.

Example: The convoy was at the time heading due north.

turning movement

A variation of an envelopment tactic, in which the attacking force manoeuvres around the enemy's principal defensive positions

with the aims of securing objectives deep within the enemy's rear.

Example: The turning movement was executed with precision.The enemy had no alternative but to re-assign its forces

to counter the initiative.

turning point A point on the centreline of a mine strip or row where the stripchanges direction.

ultra-high frequency UHF

Radio waves between 300 -3000 MHz.

Example: The equipment would not accept UHF transmissions.

A term applicable to personnel whose body or remains are not 144


unaccounted for recovered or otherwise accounted for following hostile action

unarmed observer An observer not equipped with arms.

unclassified matter

An official matter that does not require the application of security safeguards, but the disclosure of which may be subject to

control for other reasons.

Example: The document and its contents were unclassified.

unconditional capitulation Complete and unreserved acceptance of military defeat.

uncontrolled crossing point UCP A crossing point where movement is not controlled.

unconventional warfare UW

A broad spectrum of military and paramilitary operations, that are predominantly conducted by indigenous or surrogate forces that are

organized, trained, equipped, supported, and directed in varying degrees by an external source. UW includes guerrilla warfare and other direct offensive, low visibility, covert, or clandestine

operations, as well as the indirect activities of subversion, sabotage, intelligence activities, and escape and evasion.

Example: Although the main conflict had ceased, elementswere still engaged in UW and continued to pose a threat.

unconventional warfare forces Forces having an existing unconventional warfare capability.

under arms Having weapons and being willing to fight.

unidentified u/cIndication given by UN observers in their AIREPs when the national

markings of an attacking or violating aircraft on which they are reporting are not observed.

unified command; unified-combatant

command

A command with a broad continuing mission under a single commander, and comprising significant components from 2 or

more military departments.

UNIFORM The letter U in the phonetic alphabet.

uniformed Services The Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard etc.

unit identification code UIC A code that uniquely identifies each unit of the Armed Forces.

United Nations UNThe UN is a global association of governments, established for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security. The UN's aims are to develop friendly relations among nations; to cooperate

in solving international economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems; to cooperate in promoting respect for human rights and

fundamental freedoms; and to be a centre for harmonizing

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the actions of nations in attaining those ends.

UN Civil Police;United Nations Civilian Police

UNCIV-POL;

CIVPOL

Civil police agencies established under the auspices of the UN for peacekeeping operations.

UN Course for Mobile Peacekeeping

Training TeamsMobile training teams that are formally called UN Training

Assistance Teams (UNTAT).

UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations

UNDPKO A UN department dealing with peacekeeping missions.

UN Disengagement& Observer Force UNDOF

Established in 1974 following the agreed disengagement of the Israeli and Syrian forces on the Golan Heights, UNDOF continues

to supervise the implementation of the agreement and maintain the ceasefire.

UN Emergency Force UNEF An international force established to supervise the cessation of hostilities in the Middle East.

UN High Commissioner for

RefugeesUNHCR The UN refugee agency.

UN High-Readiness Brigade

A brigade on standby to intervene immediately when a peacekeeping operation is established by the Security Council until the PKO is

actually deployed. The full name for this brigade is the Multinational UN Stand-by Forces High-Readiness Brigade.

UN military observer UNMO; MILOB

The main tasks of a UNMO is to supervise, monitor, verify and report on cease-fire agreements, separations and withdrawals, and any cessation of outside assistance. In addition, UNMOs monitor

checkpoints, ingress/egress points and sea/airports; monitor regrouping, containment and disarmament or demobilisation

processes; locate and confiscate caches of weapons; assist NGOs,UN agencies et al in humanitarian activities; and in some cases,

as MILOBs, serve in Military Observer Groups, commandedChief Military Observers. In other circumstances UNMOs

serve in peacekeeping forces.

UN naval observer UNNO A naval observer serving under the UN.

UN Operational Support Manual OSM A manual containing logistics procedures for UN field missions.

UN Preventive Deployment

UNPRE-DEP

Independent mission, reporting directly to United Nations Headquarters in New York with its major tasks of monitoring and reporting on the situation in specific areas which could undermine

confidence and stability.

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UN Protection Force UN-PROFOR The UN peacekeeping operation in the formerYugoslavia.

UN Rapid Deployment Brigade UNRDP

A standing international all-volunteer light-infantry brigade of up to 5000 men, distinct from the stand-by forces and made up of individually recruited soldiers.

The UNRDP would be under the direct control of the Security Council and would be used for preventive deployment or be sent in

advance of, and in preparation for, the deployment of stand-by units or of an international peacekeeping force.

UN Security Council UNSC The UN council for maintaining international peace and security in accordance with the principles and purposes of the UN.

UN Transition Force Temporarily deployed forces of the UN.

UN Truce Supervisory Organization

UNTSOUN military observers' mission to monitor ceasefires, supervise armistice agreements, prevent isolated incidents from escalating

and to assist other UN peacekeeping operations in a region.

Universal Time; Greenwich Mean

TimeZULU time;

GMT

A measure of time based on the Greenwich Meridian, London,that conforms, within a close approximation, to the mean diurnal

rotation of the Earth and serves as the basis of civil timekeeping.

Example: The operation would commence at 0600Z,ie 0600GMT.

unmanned aerial vehicle;drone

UAV

An airborne vehicle used for the purposes of surveillance,targeting, bomb-damage assessment etc. A UAV is pre-programmed for a mission and can execute it without

further intervention. The UAV is distinct from a remotely-piloted vehicle (RPV) because the latter is controlled and

directed from afar during its mission.

urgent mining The laying of mines with correct spacing, but not in the ordered or planned positions.

urgent priority

A category of immediate request, say, by signal message, that is lower than that of 'emergency priority', but which takes precedence

over a request of 'ordinary priority'.

Example: URGENT PRIORITY: Reinforcements needed. Enemy units moving up in such force as to threaten a breakthrough.

utility helicopterA multi-purpose helicopter that is capable of lifting troops, but that can be used in other roles such as command and control,

logistics, casualty evacuation, ground support etc.

utility vehicleVehicles that can be utilised for carrying cargo, water, fuel, and also

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for the purpose of recovery.

validation

1. A process normally associated with the collection of intelligence that provides official status to an identified requirement.

Validation is the act of confirming that a particular requirement is appropriate for a given collector and that the requirement

has not been previously satisfied.

2. The process of determining the degree to which a particularcomputer model or simulation accurate reflects the real situation

it is designed to represent.

valuable cargo Cargo that may be of value during a later stage of a war.

vanguardThe leading contingent of an army, fleet or squadron in the

process of advancing or progressing.

Example: The flotilla would form the vanguard of the fleet.

vantage pointA place, often on high that provides a clear view of an area

or activity.

Example: The unit found a good vantage point high in the sierras.

vehicle check-point VCP

A point for checking vehicles.

Example: As the convoy approached the VCP, the troops in theleading vehicle prepared for combat.

vehicle distance

The clearance between vehicles in a column that is measured from the rear of one vehicle to the front of another.

Example: The convoy would mobilize at a vehicle distanceof 10 metres.

verification

1. An arms-control process that includes such tasks as inspection, detection, identification etc, to ascertain compliance with

agreed arms-control measures.

2. The process of determining the degree to which a particularcomputer model or simulation accurately represents the developer's

conceptual description and specifications.

Example: There was a need to verify the specification andverification was needed prior to commencement of the task.

vertical replenishment

An airdrop of supplies or equipment for the purpose of re-supplying a unit.

Example: Because of the difficulties with the terrain, the onlymeans of supply would be vertical replensishment.

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'very' light A coloured flare fired from a 'very' pistol that explodes at height.

'very' pistol A pistol for firing 'very'-light flares.

very seriously ill or injured VSII

The casualty status of a person whose illness or injury is classified by medical authorities to be of such severity that life is

imminently endangered.

Example: Following examination, the 2 were classed as VSII.

VICTOR The letter V in the phonetic alphabet.

visibility

The clarity with which objects can be seen at a distance in the open.Visibility is influenced by the prevailing weather conditions,

smoke haze etc.

Example: Once the weather front cleared, there was increasedvisibility.

visibility range The horizontal distance, in either miles or kilometres, at which a large dark object can be seen against the horizon in daylight.

visor

1. A movable part of a helmet that can be lowered to protect the face.

2. A curved piece of stiff material worn above the eyes to provide shade from the sun.

Example: In the strong light, he lowered his visor.

visual meteorological conditions VMC

The prevailing weather conditions for flight in which Visual Flight Rules (VFR) apply for aircraft. VMC are expressed in

terms of visibility, ceiling height, and aircraft clearance from clouds along a path of flight. Should the meteorologicalconditions not meet the requirements for VMC, in inclement weather, pilots are required to fly on their instruments, ie to

comply with Instrument Flight Rules (IFR).

Example: At the time he was VMC.

vital groundGround of such importance that it must be retained or controlled to

ensure the success of a mission.

voice call signA call sign provided primarily for voice communication.

Example: BRAVO 21, this is 'PREDATOR'.

volley

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A large number of bullets fired simultaneously. In the case of larger weapons, the term is 'salvo'.

Example: While coping with volleys of shots from the opposing forces in the hills, the defenders also faced a barrage of salvos

from the fleet off shore.

vulnerability studyAn analysis of the capabilities and limitations of a force in a specific

situation so as to determine any vulnerabilities that an opposing force might exploit.

vulnerable area A designated area or installation of great importance that must be defended by air-defence units.

vulnerable point A point of vital importance that must be retained or controlledto ensure the success of a mission.

walking patient A patient whose injuries/illness is relatively minor, permittingthus enabling that patient to walk and not require a litter.

war reserve stock(s) WRS That portion of total materiel assets designated to satisfy the war reserve materiel requirement.

war reservesStocks of materiel amassed in peacetime to meet the increase in

military requirements in the event of war. War reserves are intended to provide the interim support essential to sustain

operations until re-supply can be effected.

wardroomMilitary quarters for the accommodation, dining and recreation of

naval officers. Air force and army officers are accommodatedin the Officers' Mess.

warfareThe act of fighting a war.

Example: The parties were now engaged in serious warfare.

war-gameA simulation, by whatever means, of a military operation involving2 or more opposing forces, using those rules, data, and procedures

designed to depict an actual or assumed real life situation.

warning

A communication and acknowledgment of danger.

Example: The commander had warned personnel that theoperation could result in injury or death if operating procedures were not carefully followed. They would be foolish not to heed

that warning.

warning message 1. A message informing of danger.

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2. Preliminary notice of an action or order to follow.

warning of attackA warning to national policymakers that an adversary is not

only preparing its armed forces for war, but also intends to launch an attack in the near future.

warning of warA warning to national policymakers that a foreign state or alliance intends war, or is following a course that substantially increases

the risks of war, by preparing accordingly.

warning order Wng O A preliminary notice of an order or action that is to follow.

weapon exclusion zone;

exclusion zoneEZ A zone of defined dimensions where weapons are prohibited.

weapons systemA combination of one or more weapons with all related equipment,

materials, services, personnel, and means of delivery and deployment.

weapons collection point WCP A place or facility for collecting weapons.

weapons of mass destruction WMD Weapons that are capable of a high order of destruction, more so

that in the case of conventional weapons.

weapons-storage site WSS A place or facility for depositing weapons.

weapons-limitation zone Restricted weapons zone.

Western European Armaments Group WEAG Western European Union (WEU) armaments cooperation forum.

Western European Union WEU A security and defence alliance involving states throughout Europe.

WHISKEY The letter W in the phonetic alphabet.

white flag A flag symbolizing the acceptance of defeat or a lack of intention to attack.

'white helmets'International volunteer rapid-response teams deployed for the purposes of humanitarian relief. These personnel are so called

because they wear white helmets in the field.

wind velocity The horizontal direction and speed of air motion.

withdrawal operation A planned retrograde operation in which a force disengages fromaction with an enemy force and retreats from that enemy.

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World Geodetic System 84 WGS 84 DMA's modelling of the Earth from a geometric, geodetic and

gravitational standpoint.

wounded in action WIA A battle casualty who has incurred an injury inflicted by an external agent or cause; ie an injury incurred in action.

X-RAY The letter X in the phonetic alphabet.

YANKEE The letter Y in the phonetic alphabet.

zodiacA type of high-speed rubber boat.

Example: The team quickly boarded the zodiac and departedthe scene.

zone of action A tactical subdivision of a larger area, the responsibility for which is assigned to a tactical unit during offensive action.

zone of fire An area into which a designated ground unit or fire-support ship delivers, or is prepared to deliver, fire support.

zone of separation ZOS;ZS

A buffer zone, possibly under the control of a PKO, located between the forward lines of the parties in a conflict. It is an area into which those parties have agreed not to deploy military forces.

ZULU

1. The letter Z in the phonetic alphabet.

2. Zulu time. Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Universal time.A measure of time based on the Greenwich Meridian, London,

that conforms, within a close approximation, to the mean diurnal rotation of the Earth and serves as the basis

of civil timekeeping.

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term - linguapeace europe · web viewin the logistic processes of supply, maintenance, or...

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