Your Connection to the Old West January 11, 2017Vol. 28, No. 1

Territorial News

Vigilantes in Arizona& New Mexico

(See Apache on Page 4)

(See Manhunt on Page 6) (See Justice on Page 20)

www.territorialnews.com www.facebook.com/TerritorialNews

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See Page 2 for Details

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Arizona Kid...................18Arizona Trivia................2Business Directory........22Classifieds.....................22Jim Harvey......................2150 Years Ago..............18

This WThis WThis WThis WThis Week’seek’seek’seek’seek’sQuestion:Question:Question:Question:Question:

In 1968, thefederal government

authorized theconstruction of a336-mile canal to

bring Colorado Riverwater from LakeHavasu to central

and southernArizona. What is

this system called?(21 Letters)

The Death ofMangas Coloradas

The Texas Rangers GoAfter John King Fisher

Powerful Apache Leader Killed By Army TroopsBy Richard W. Kimball

angas Coloradas,leader of theMimbreno branch

of the Chiricahua Apaches insouthern New Mexico, waskilled in 1862 by Armysentries. Off icial Armyaccounts justified the killingby saying the old chieftain,who was being held in militarycustody, had tried to escapeand the soldiers guarding himwere forced to shoot toprevent him from doing so.

Historians believeMangas Coloradas was borneither in New Mexico or innorthern Sonora around 1791.He was related by marriage tothe wild White Mountain andChiricahua Apache bands ofArizona. Although his Apachename was Dasoda-hae, theMexicans called him MangasColoradas, “Red Sleeves,”because of the bright redshirts he liked to wear. He wasa large man, six foot, sixinches tall, with wideshoulders, a powerful backand massive arms. It wasreported that even when he

was in his late 70s, he hadenormous strength andstamina; he could easilyoutwrestle, outshoot andoutride many of his younger

followers. According toauthor James L. Haley,Mangas presented “a trulystriking figure with a hulkingbody and adisproportionately large

head. Although he was fastbecoming an old man, he stillpossessed cunning asimpenetrable as the thickmat of hair that hung downto his waist. His lips werethin and tightly drawn, hisnose aquiline….”

During the 1820s and1830s, the Apaches’ primaryenemies were the Mexicans.Mexico had thrown off itsyoke of Spanish control in1821 and won itsindependence. Because ofongoing Indian depredationsthroughout the area, Mexicoestablished a bounty onApache scalps. Shortly afterthe 1837 death of Juan JoseCompa, a Mimbreno leader,who was killed for his scalp,Mangas set out on a bloodytrail of retribution andrevenge. He and his warriorsdestroyed many of the smallMexican settlements andhomes in the vicinity of theSanta Rita del Cobre miningtown. When the Mexicansorganized a retreat from themining town to seek refugein Sonora, the Apaches

M

t was May 25, 1876. Aband of for ty TexasRangers rode out of

Laredo and headed north tothe infamous Nueces Strip.Their mission was to find,kill or capture John KingFisher, leader of a band ofcattle rustlers and cutthroatsthat had been terrorizing thearea. The Rangers weremembers of a select groupknown as the Special Force. Led by the legendary

Leander McNelly, theSpecial Force was taskedwith bringing law and orderto an area of South Texasthat lay between CorpusChristi and the Mexicanborder.

McNelly had handpicked each member of theSpecial Force that had beenorganized a year earlier.Each was expected toprovide his own horse,armament and gear. In

return, the state providedmeals, ammunition and asmall salary. The tactics theyused to accomplish theirmission, including crossingthe Mexican border inpursuit of their quarry andsummary execution, did notalways follow the letter ofthe law, but they wereeffective. The Special Forcewas dissolved in 1877 and its

In Their Own Words

I

n many communities ofthe frontier West,vigilantes did more to

drive out desperadoesthan did electedoff icials. Thecommittees ofvigilance were formedbecause there was noother effective actionagainst crime. InArizona and New Mexico,vigilantism was fairlycommon.

In New Mexico, in1872, citizens executed twooutlaws who had killed a

For t Union cavalrysergeant. In 1883,Albuquerque vigilantes,

lacking a convenienttree or lamppost, builta scaffold for an outlawby using a pile of ties ona railway flatcar.

In Arizona,vigilantes were at workin Yuma as early as

1866. Phoenix had anecktie party in 1873, whencitizens dangled a Mexicanfrom a tree for stealing a

I

January 11, 2017Territorial NewsPage 2

Jim HarveyThe Arizona Trail

Arizona - Web of Time

The TTTTTerererererritorial Newsritorial Newsritorial Newsritorial Newsritorial News is published by Territorial News Inc. The Territorialfeatures Old West stories, photos and art that are part of our area’s rich and interestingpast. The publisher assumes no liability for the opinions contained within this publication;all statements are the sole opinions of the contributors and/or advertisers.

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ARIZONA TRIVIAARIZONA TRIVIAARIZONA TRIVIAARIZONA TRIVIAARIZONA TRIVIAThis WThis WThis WThis WThis Week’s Question: eek’s Question: eek’s Question: eek’s Question: eek’s Question: In 1968, the federal government

authorized the construction of a 336-mile canal to bringColorado River water from Lake Havasu to central and

southern Arizona. What is this system called?(21 Letters)

LLLLLast Issue’s Question:ast Issue’s Question:ast Issue’s Question:ast Issue’s Question:ast Issue’s Question: What city was the territorial capitalof Arizona before it was moved to Phoenix in 1889?

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-Atoni (Choctaw) Parts of northernArizona have been home tothe pronghorn antelope for atleast 12 thousand years. Someare believed to have livedwithin the Grand Canyon.

In 1825, James Pattiebecame one of the first U.S.citizens to set foot in Arizona.

He wrote a book about it inwhich he called Arizona’sjavelina a “wild hog” with tusks“of a size so enormous that Iam afraid to commit mycredibility by giving thedimensions.”

Late on a warmSeptember, 1867 evening south

of Tucson, three mountedtravelers stopped their horsesat an abandoned ranch to getsome rest before riding on.They were there just longenough to build a fire in an oldadobe building and spread theirsaddle blankets for bedsnearby. That’s when theyrealized bugs by the hundreds,probably the thousands, werecreeping, jumping and buzzingall over them; mostly fleas,scorpions and then mosquitoes.The frantic men brushedthemselves off, saddled theirhorses and left at a gallop, theirskin crawling at the thought ofwhat they’d left behind.

The year was 1880 whenthe town of Galeyville insoutheastern Arizona washeadquarters for a gang ofcattle rustlers and stagecoachrobbers. They were protectedfrom arrest by the localsheriff.

A school for AmericanIndian boys opened at Phoenixin 1891 to provide vocationaland agriculture training. Theschool was in a hotel building.

The first known flightinto the Grand Canyon northof Williams was by a U.S.Army bomber in 1919. It flew2,000 feet above the canyon’sbottom while a photographeraboard took still and motionpictures.

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The Roundup

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n the Old West,roundups were heldtwice a year—in the

spring and in the fall. Therange was open to anybodywho had cattle, and theowners cooperated in thesetwo big annual events. Thespring roundup was held forthe purpose of brandingcalves. At the fall roundup—in reality, the ranchers’harvest—beef were gatheredfor shipment. This was thetime when cattle were turnedinto cash necessary forcontinuing the business.Calves born since the springroundup were also brandedon this “fall ride.”

One of the biggeroutfits usually provided thewagons and supplies forthese two annual events.Every ranchman attendedpersonally or sent a cowboy.Each man brought his ownbedroll and a string of someten horses. These remountswere put in charge of awrangler who accompaniedthe wagons. An experiencedcowman—usually a foremanfor one of the big outfits—was selected to be “roundupcaptain” or “wagon boss.”Once chosen, his word was

law, and the owners of otherranches as well as allcowboys took orders fromhim without question. At theend of the roundup allexpenses—wages for cookand wranglers and cost ofgroceries—were proratedamong the cattle owners,each paying according to thenumber of his cattle on therange which had beenworked.

To determine the exactnumber of cattle a manowned was always difficult.

A ranchman’s accountbooks showed how many hehad turned out on a range,but these animals soonbecame half-wild, his loss bytheft or death had to beestimated. A roundup mightgather a thousand cattle in aday. These cattle carriedmany brands, but they wereall mixed together, so that itwas impossible to know howmany belonged to eachranchman. The cattle could

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January 11, 2017Territorial NewsPage 4

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Please call Woody at 480-433-6245for more information. (See Apache on Page 17)

Apache

(From Page 1)

attacked and slaughtered alarge number of them.

When the Mexican-American War broke out in1846, Mangas, who was bythen a Mimbreno war chief,allowed U.S. Army columnsa safe passage throughApache country. Once theAmericans occupied most ofthe Southwest, the Apachechief signed a peace treatywith the U.S. Army whichacknowledged the defeat oftheir hated Mexican foes. Itwas an uneasy peace and onlylasted until American miners

began f locking into theregion a couple of years laterafter gold had beendiscovered in the Pinos AltosMountains. It wasn’t longbefore the Indians and theminers disregarded thetreaty and became enemies.

In 1851, a group ofAmerican miners ambushedsome Apaches near thePinos Altos mining camp,killing several warriors andtaking Mangas Coloradasprisoner. According to abook written by John C.Cremony, the miners tied theApache chieftain to a treeand severely f logged himwith a bullwhip. Mangas’back was torn nearly to

ribbons. The miners believedthe whipping would serve asa warning to the otherApache leaders in the regionto stay away from themining town, but it onlyconvinced Mangas that thewhite Pindahs could not tobe trusted.

In December of thenext year, thir ty minersattacked an Apache villageon the bank of the MimbresRiver. Historian EdwardSweeney said the miners“killed four Indians,wounded several others, andcaptured thirteen womenand children.” It wasn’t longafterward that the bigApache leader and his largeband of seasoned warriorsbecame a dangerous menaceto all whites living in theregion.

During the winter of1861, Army LieutenantGeorge Bascom,investigating the“kidnapping” of a boy froma ranch in Arizona, luredseveral Chiricahua warriorsincluding the legendary chiefCochise into a trap atApache Pass. Cochisemanaged to escape bycutting a hole in a tent, buthis family and the warriorsremained as captives.Cochise tried to negotiate

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Page 5Territorial NewsJanuary 11, 2017

January 11, 2017Territorial NewsPage 6

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Manhunt

(From Page 1)

members absorbed intoother units of the TexasRangers.

Napoleon AugustusJennings was a member of thegroup of Texas Rangers whorode out to capture John KingFisher. We join Jennings’ storyas the Rangers arrive inLaredo:

“It was May 25, 1876

(See Manhunt on Page 10)

Texas RangerLeander McNelly

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when we arrived at Laredo,and we camped near the townfor three days. Then wecontinued our journey ontoward the Nueces River. . .[It was here that] we learnedfirst about the desperado,King Fisher, and hisnotorious gang of horsethieves, cattle thieves, andmurderers.

Fisher l ived onPendencia Creek, near theNueces, in Dimmit County.He had a little ranch there,and about forty or fifty of hisfollowers were nearly alwayswith him. These men, toolazy or too vicious to workfor themselves, preyed uponthe substance of the toilingsettlers. They stole theranchmen’s horses andcattle and robbed their corncribs, and they did not stopat murder to further theirends.

. . . Fisher was abouttwenty-five years old at thattime, and the most perfectspecimen of a frontier dandyand desperado that I eversaw. He was tall, beautifullyproportioned, andexceedingly handsome. Hewore the f inest clothing

C

Page 7Territorial NewsJanuary 11, 2017

Colter’s Escape

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ohn Colter was a memberof the Lewis and ClarkExpedition. He is best

known, however, for his laterexplorations of the West.Colter was the first knownperson of European descentto enter the region of presentday Yellowstone Park. He iswidely considered to be thef irst mountain man. Thefollowing is excerpted fromthe book, History and Storiesof Nebraska, by AddisonErwin Sheldon, published in1913.

Nebraska, when f irstmade on the map, included allthe country from the presentNebraska-Kansas line north toCanada. In this first Nebraskaof the early days, in the partthat is now Montana, thereoccurred the remarkableescape of John Colter.

John Colter was atrapper who crossed thecontinent to the Pacif icOcean with Lewis and Clark.On their way back, in 1806,Colter saw so many signs ofbeaver on the headwaters ofthe Missouri that he got leaveof Captain Lewis to stay thereand trap. This was in the heartof the country of the terrible

Blackfoot Indians. CaptainLewis had killed a Blackfootwarrior who was trying tosteal horses and from thattime the tribe hated white menand killed them without mercy.

Colter knew all this, buthe loved to trap and withanother hunter named Pottshe plunged into the wilds ofthe best beaver streams of theBlackfoot hunting grounds.The two men knew the greatrisk they ran and they knewalso the ways of the Indians.They set their traps at night,

took them up early in themorning, and hid during theday.

Early one morning theywere softly paddling up a smallcreek in their canoe to take insome traps when they heard atrampling on the bank. Coltersaid, “Indians,” and wanted togo back. Potts said, “Buffalo,”and kept on. A few morestrokes of the paddle and theywere surrounded on bothshores by hundreds of

(See Adventure on Page 16)

J

T

January 11, 2017Territorial NewsPage 8

The Roundup

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Cattle

(From Page 3)

not be separated for a count,since there were no pens orpastures in which they couldbe held. The best estimate ofthe number of cows a manowned was made in thespring when a “tally man”kept a count of each calf.Presumably a man owned 10

to 15 percent more cows thatcalves, but this was only aguess. Yet in spite of theuncertainty of this method ofcounting, herds were oftensold “by book count” as therewas no other way ofestimating the number.

Barbed-wire fences,which enabled owners tokeep their cattle in separatepastures, ended the need forroundups. The system, in its

picturesque and excitingform, originated in Texas,but because the land therewas owned by the stateinstead of the federalgovernment and soon wentunder fence in private hands,the old-fashioned roundupdisappeared from that statebefore it did on the publiclands of the Northwest.

While the roundupsystem lasted, stockmenoften organized associationswhich specif ied the dateswhen roundups would beheld. In some instances theassociation even went so faras to decide who could ridewith the roundup and whocould not. Men suspected ofbeing dishonest were ruledout. This amounted toputting them out ofbusiness, because a cattleowner unable to gather hisbeef and brand his calvescould not last long. Smallranchmen often complainedthat they were barred fromthe roundup not on accountof dishonesty but becausethe big outfits did not wantthe little herds to be eatingall the grass. Disagreementsof this kind were often thebasis of range wars.Eventually the small men—the nesters, as homesteaderswere called—cut up the openrange with so many fencesthat an open roundupbecame impossible.

T

R

Page 9Territorial NewsJnauary 11, 2017

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January 11, 2017Territorial NewsPage 10

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(See Manhunt on Page 23)

John King Fisher

Manhunt

(From Page 6)

procurable, but all of it wasthe picturesque, border,dime novel kind.

. . He was an expertrevolver shot, and couldhandle his six-shooters aswell with his left hand as withhis right. He was a fine rider,and rode the best horses hecould steal in Texas orMexico. Among thedesperadoes, the stolenhorses were known as ‘wetstock’ that is, horses whichhad been stolen in Mexicoand swum across the RioGrande to Texas, or viceversa.”

Finding Fisher’s ranchhouse, the Texas Rangers splitinto two groups and approachfrom different sides:

“There were only nineof the desperadoes at thehouse at the time, but aprecious gang of outlaws andcutthroats they were. Hereare their names: J.K Fisher,known as ‘King’ Fisher; BurdObenchain, alias FrankPorter, wanted for murderand cattle-stealing, asdesperate a ruffian as ever

the Texas border knew;Warren Allen, who shot aNegro in a barroom at FortClark for drinking at thesame bar with him, and thendeliberately turned andfinished his own drink andordered another; BillTempleton, horse thief; WillWainwright, Jim Honeycutt,Wes Bruton, Al Roberts, andBill Bruton. All of them were‘wanted’ for numberlesscrimes.

A few weeks before wearrested them, King Fisherand Frank Por ter, bythemselves, stole a herd ofcattle from six Mexicanvaqueros who were drivingthe herd for its owner, nearEagle Pass. Fisher andPorter rode around the herdand killed every one of thesix Mexicans. The vaqueroswere all buried together, andI saw the place where theywere buried. It was known as‘Frank Porter’s Graveyard.’

. . . at a prearrangedmoment, all of us dashed forthe house at full speed, six-shooters in hand. A fencewas in our way, but thehorses went over it l ikehunters after the hounds,and before Fisher and hismen perceived us we werewithin a hundred yards of theplace.

Most of thedesperadoes were playingpoker under the shed-likeextension in front of theranch house. They jumpedup and started for the houseproper to secure their arms,but before half of themsucceeded in getting insidethe door, we were aroundthem and our six-shooterswere cocked and pointed attheir heads.

‘You’ll have tosurrender or be killed!’ cried

N

O

Page 11Territorial NewsJanuary 11, 2017

January 11, 2017Territorial NewsPage 12

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Page 13Territorial NewsJanuary 11, 2017

309 N. Gilbert Rd., Gilbert • 480-497-3913

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Have you been toBiscuits Restaurantyet? If not, you’remissing one ofGilbert’s favoriteplaces to eat!

Biscuits lives upto its name withfluffy biscuits with gravy, “SOS,” liver and onions,and many other local favorites. They use local andorganic ingredients whenever possible with nopreservatives. Biscuits owner Lloyd Melton says, “Myfood is a lot more like Paula Deen than lean cuisine.”Between the down home cooking, the pleasant staffand the delicious food, you’ll grade them an A+. You’llwant to return again and again to sample the variedmenu selections and genuine down home atmosphere.

Biscuits of Gilbert is located at 1235 N. GilbertRd., in front of Sam’s Club. They also have two otherlocations: 1815 E. Elliot Rd. in Tempe, and inAhwatukee at 4623 E Elliot Rd. on the corner of Elliotand McClintock. The menu in all three locations isthe same, serving breakfast and lunch every day. TheTempe location is open until 8:00 PM on Fridays fortheir award-winning Southern Style Fish Fry.

It’s all about simple pleasures and goodcompany. All military, past and present, receive a10% discount for their meal as a thank you for yourservice. We offer take out, catering, and privateparties. Good old-fashioned Home Cooking. “Theway it was meant to be!”

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The Little Mesa Cafe is a family restaurant thatserves home cooked meals for breakfast, lunch anddinner. Since 1985 the Little Mesa Cafe is ownedand operated by original owners David & DebbieStanfel with partner Mike Murphy. All three grewup in the business and are from the Chicago area.

“Our secret is we still cook,” explains David.“The independent family restaurant is nearly a thingof the past. We have seen many come and go. Wehave to do things better and offer something moreand 32 years is a long time in any business. At theLittle Mesa Cafe, we think eating out is special andyou deserve a little extra. We keep things simple withhome style cooking…at prices you will appreciate.”

The Little Mesa Cafe features old fashionedhome cooking from scratch. We make our ownsoups, gravies, and sauces and cook our own meats.Salads are made fresh daily. No preservatives areadded.

A full breakfast menu is served till 2:00 p.m.The menu includes an assortment of omelets,pancakes and malted Belgian waffles with topping

choices that include apples, blueberries, strawberriesand pecans. Monday through Friday breakfastspecials offer a variety of lite breakfasts from $5.25that are served till 11:00 a.m. Fresh home cookedmeals that compare with fast food prices – alongwith prompt, friendly service. This is our style – goodand simple. We feel confident that you will notice

the difference, because we take great pride in whatwe do. We still cook.

Where Old Friends MeetAnd New Friends Are Made

Inside the Little Mesa Cafe there are two roundtables in the corner that are probably the mostpopular seats in the store. Often used as “joiner”tables, many friendships have begun at the roundtables. Additionally, round table participants haveformed bowling teams, created golf foursomes,written letters to presidents, shared the loss offriends, critiqued the staff, and generally solved manyof the problems of the world. Above the coffee makerbehind the round tables are some wooden spoons.These spoons were purchased by other customersas a Christmas gift for one of the most notableregulars at the round table, Gordy “Whispering”Smith, who routinely attempted to stir things up withhis antics at the table.

The Little Mesa Cafe is open 365 days a year.Regular hours: Monday through Saturday 6:00 a.m.until 8:00 p.m., and Sundays 7:00 a.m. until 7:00 p.m.The address is 3929 E. Main Street in Mesa. (1/4mile east of Val Vista on the south side of Main Streetat the corner of 39th and Main). For more info call480-830-6201. Groups are welcome.

Our Recipe:A Dash of Honey, A Pinch of Spice,

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January 11, 2017Territorial NewsPage 14

Lily’s On Main Is aDiamond in the Rough

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right, there’s a 90% probability you’ll get it wrong.

Mike Aiton, formerMarine sergeant and theowner of the Echo 5 SportsPub in Las Sendas, has openeda new location in East Mesacalled Lily’s On Main. Alongwith fellow restaurateursRobbie Fox and Brian Cole,Aiton has created a “diamondin the rough” for East Valleyrestaurant patrons.

Lily’s, named afterAiton’s first-born daughter, isa family friendly sports barwith a great atmosphere,terrific service, and delicious,freshly prepared food. Dineat Lily’s in a clean, pleasantatmosphere featuring a fulldinner menu, includingsteaks, with some wonderfulappetizers. The prices arereasonable, too! You can evenhear live music on Friday andSaturday nights with LarrySchulz providing some verygood acoustic blues and more.

The owners are expertsat “Restaurant Recovery.”They remodel and revamp old,

failed locations, turning theminto fresh, inviting properties,and that’s just what they’ve doneat Lily’s On Main. Having beenin business in the East Valleyfor several years, the owners are

all very much into the “local”clientele. They are veryaccommodating to the workingcrowd. With a longer HappyHour than mostestablishments—from 3:00 p.m.until 8:00 p.m.—Lily’s makes

it a little easier for workingfolks to take advantage ofHappy Hour without having torush to make the 6:00 cutoffcommon at most places.

In addition to the greatfood, refreshing drinks, andfriendly service, Lily’s OnMain also has pool andbilliards, darts, and severalbig-screen TV’s to watch yourfavorite sports.

Lily’s is not just anotherMain Street bar. For thoselooking for a new anddifferent place with acomfortable atmosphere inthe East Mesa area, Lily’s onMain is just what you’ve beensearching for. Lily’s is locatedat 7000 E. Main Street inMesa, just east of Power Roadon the north side of the street.They’re open daily at 11:00a.m. and close at 11:00 p.m.Sunday through Thursday. OnFridays and Saturdays they’reopen until 1:00 a.m.

Lily’s On Main is justwhat Mesa’s been missing!

L

Page 15Territorial NewsJanuary 11, 2017

January 11, 2017Territorial NewsPage 16

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Adventure

(From Page 7)

Blackfoot warriors who madesigns to the trappers to cometo them. Since they could notescape, Colter turned thecanoe toward shore. As theycame to land an Indian seizedPotts’ rifle, but Colter, whowas a very strong man,wrested it from him andhanded it to Potts. The latterkilled an Indian with it, butwas himself shot full ofarrows.

The Indians now tookColter, stripped him, andbegan to talk about how theywould kill him. At first theywere going to put him up as amark to be shot at, but thechief, desiring to have greatersport, asked Colter if he couldrun fast. Colter understoodenough of their language totell him that he was a verypoor runner, although he was

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one of the swiftest runnersamong the hunters. Then thechief took him out on theprairie a few hundred yardsand turned him loose to runfor his life. The Indians gavetheir war-whoop and startedafter him. Colter ran straightacross an open plain towardthe Jefferson River six milesaway. The plain was coveredwith cactus, and at every jumpthe bare feet of the naked manwere filled with cactus thorns.On Colter ran, swifter than hehad ever before run in his life,with those hundreds ofBlackfoot warriors after him.He ran nearly half way acrossthe plain before he dared tolook back over his shoulder.He saw that he had far outrunall the Indians except one whocarried a spear and was notmore than a hundred yardsbehind him.

A faint hope now rose inColter’s heart, but he had runso hard that blood gushed

from his nose and covered hisbody. He ran on until within amile of the river, when heheard the steps of the Indianwith the spear close behindhim and, turning his head, sawhe was not more than twentyyards away. Colter stoppedsuddenly, turned around andspread out his arms. TheIndian, surprised, tried to stopalso, but was so exhausted thathe fell to the ground andbroke his spear. Colter at oncepicked up the point of thespear and with it pinned theIndian to the earth. He thenran on while the other Indianscame up to their deadcomrade and yelled horriblyover his body. Colter, usingevery moment, soon gainedthe shelter of the trees on thebank and plunged into theriver.

A little below was anisland, at the upper end ofwhich was a great raft ofdriftwood in the water. Colterdived under this raft and aftersome trouble got his headabove the water between largelogs which screened him fromview. He had hardly done thiswhen the Indians came downthe river bank yelling likef iends. They hunted theshores, walked out on the raftof driftwood over Colter’shead, pulling the logs andpeering among them forhours. Once Colter thoughtthey were about to set the rafton fire. Not until after dark,when the Indians were nolonger heard, did Colter dareto venture from his hidingplace. He swam down the rivera long distance, and then cameout on the bank. He was alonein the wilderness, naked,without a weapon and with hisfeet torn to pieces by thesharp cactus thorns. He washundreds of miles from thenearest trading post on theYellowstone, in a country ofhostile savages. But he wasalive and fearless and strong.

A week later he reachedthe trading post, sunburnedand starving, but saved.

N

R

J

Page 17Territorial NewsJanuary 11, 2017

Mangas Coloradas

330 S. Gilbert Rd. Mesa, AZ

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Apache

(From Page 4)

with Bascom stating that hisband had nothing to do withthe kidnapping, but to noavail. The incident, whichbecame known as theBascom Affair, ended badly.All of the warriors, includingCochise’s brother werehanged.

More violence eruptedsoon afterward whenMangas and Cochise formedan all iance to drive allAmericans out of the Apachehomeland. The leaders ofseveral other Apache bandsalso joined in the effort toget rid of the Pindahs. Theyincluded Victorio, Juh andGeronimo. Indian raids andkillings resumed unabatedfor the next several yearsand most of the whitepopulation in the area wasdecimated. Army protectionwas minimal as most of thetroops had been sent east tofight in the Civil War.

In the summer of 1862,Mangas Coloradas triedonce more to negotiate apeace with the Americans.He sent one of his warriors

(See Apache on Page 21)

with a white flag of truce toArmy leaders at FortMcLane to ask for ameeting. Brigadier GeneralJ.R. West agreed to meetwith the Mimbreno chief.However, when Mangas anda number of his warriorsarrived at the fort, they werequickly taken under arrestand placed in chains.

According to Armyrecords, General West gaveexecution orders to hissentries: “Men, that oldmurderer has got away from

every soldier command andhas left a trail of blood for500 miles on the old stageline. I want him deadtomorrow morning. Do youunderstand me? I want himdead.” That night, thesentries teased andtormented Mangas, who wasrestrained by leg irons, untilhe complained. Then he wasshot and killed whileattempting to “escape.”

Accounts of the killing

E

C

January 11, 2017Territorial NewsPage 18

The Coup Stick

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January 1, 1867In a report to the Secretaryof the Treasury, J. RossBrowne will estimate thatfrom January 24, 1848,until today, $1,205,000worth of gold and silverhave been dug out of thenine western states andterritories.

•A detachment ofcavalr ymen kills f iveIndians near Fort Stanton,New Mexico.

January 2, 1867Tom Hodges leads 14Arizona Rangers in asurprise attack on Apachesat Rock Springs; 21 Indiansare killed.

January 6, 1867Gutzon Borglum, the artistwho will realize his dream ofcarving giant busts of fourAmerican presidents onSouth Dakota’s MountRushmore, is born in BearLake, Idaho.

•A party of Indian scoutskills 26 Indians and captureseight on Oregon’s CrookedRiver.

January 8, 1867The 1st Cavalry repor tskill ing f ive Indians onIdaho’s Owyhee River.

January 9, 1867Lieutenant Colonel GeorgeCrook leads his 1st Cavalry

against Indians onOregon’s Malheur River,capturing 30.

January 17, 1867The Northwestern Railroadbecomes the first to reachCouncil Bluffs from the east.

January 18, 1867A group of Denverpioneers, aware that theUnion Pacific’s decision tobypass their city could endtheir hopes for an empire,organizes the DenverPacif ic Railway andTelegraph Company. Theintent is to link Denver tothe transcontinentalrailway by laying track toCheyenne.

lains Indians alwaysrode into battle withthe hope of winning

personal glory, and the great-est honor was earned by“counting coup” on a live en-emy. The French word coup

meant “hit” or “strike,” andthe rod used to strike an en-emy was called a coup stick.A warrior might also countcoup by touching his enemywith his hand or lance.

Various tribes allowed

as many as four braves tocount coup on a fallen en-emy, but the highest honorwas accorded to the warriorwho struck an enemy whilestill alive. Touching the firstenemy to die in battle ortouching the enemy’s defen-sive works also counted ascoup. Killing an enemy didnot bring as great an acclaim,especially if the kill wasmade from a distance with agun or bow and arrow. Scalp-ing a fallen victim did notrank with counting coup ona live warrior. Risk of injuryor death was required tocount coup. Taking anenemy’s weapon, shield,shirt, or war bonnet also wasa valorous deed. Braves be-longed to warrior societies,and they proudly acted outcourageous deeds in front oftheir peers and other tribaladmirers. Coups were re-corded by putting notches ina coup stick. Indians of thePacific Northwest would tiean eagle feather to their coupstick for each coup counted,but many tribes did not fol-low this tradition.

P

150 Years Ago in the Old West

Page 19Territorial NewsJanuary 11, 2017

January 11, 2017Territorial NewsPage 20

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Justice

(From Page 1)

widow’s cow. Four yearslater they killed a desperadowho had shot a man throughthe window of a dance hall.In 1879, a Phoenixcommittee took charge of abum who had knifed to deatha saloonkeeper and a manwho had killed a ranchman.Soon both were swayingfrom the limb of a

cottonwood.Bill Breakenridge, a

deputy sheriff, recalled thatone of the bad men wasmerely strangled at f irst,without having his neckbroken. The other, as a teamstarted pulling the wagonfrom under the plank onwhich he stood, jumped intothe air for a quick snap. “Heknows just how to do it,”remarked one man in thecrowd. “He must have beenhanged before.”

Other Arizona townsalso took the law into theirown hands. In 1873 Tucsoncitizens tied four nooses tothe same beam and usedthem to dispatch brutalkillers. In 1877 Hackberryand Safford witnessedvigilante executions. In 1881St. Johns leaders put twomurderers out of the way.The next year Globe citizenscaught a pair who had killeda stagecoach expressmessenger and a doctor. Asa church bell tolled the deathknell , the two outlawsstretched hemp from anearby sycamore.

Early in 1884, Bisbeeand Tombstone citizens tookcharge of John Heath, leaderof a gang that had robbed aBisbee store and shot up thetown, killing three citizens.They left him dangling froma telegraph pole. The nextyear Holbrook vigilantesweighed two ropes with apair of killers.

Action by the vigilancecommittees not only wasswifter and surer than thatof some of the feeble courts,but also often was fairer.Proceedings of thesecommittees were informal—more so in some instancesthan others—but thecommittees were usuallyorganized only afterconditions had becomedesperate, and the men theypunished were usually thosewhose guilt was clear beyonddoubt.

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Page 21Territorial NewsJanuary 11, 2017

Mangas Coloradas

What do you call it when a female sheepturns around and goes the other way?

A ewe turn.

Apache

(From Page 17)

are varied, but one accountwritten by Private DanielConner, a soldier who wason duty the night the bigApache was killed, seems tobe the most reliable. Hewrote: “About 9 o’clock, Inoticed the soldiers weredoing something to Mangas,but quit when I returned tothe fire and stopped to getwarm. Watching them frommy beat … I discovered thatthey were heating theirbayonets and burningMangas’s feet and legs. Thisthey continued to do untilMangas rose up on his leftelbow, and angrily protestedthat he was no child to beplayed with. Thereupon, thetwo soldiers, without removingtheir bayonets from theirMinnie muskets, fired quicklyinto the chief, following withtwo shots each from theirNavy six-shooters. Mangas fellback … and never moved. Anofficer came, glanced at thedead body and returned to hisblanket … in twenty minutesall was still again. The nextmorning I took some trinketsfrom the body … a littlesoldier, giving his name asJohn T. Wright, came to thebody and scalped it.”

The Army’s off icialreport about the incidentstated that MangasColoradas was killed whiletrying to escape: “The bodywas dumpedunceremoniously into ashallow grave and coveredup. An Army surgeon had thebody dug up and retrievedthe head. He boiled it cleanand sent it to a notedphrenologist in the East whomeasured it and announcedthat the skull of MangasColoradas was larger thanthe skull of Daniel Webster.”

It was said the skull ofMangas Coloradas was sentto the SmithsonianInstitution, but a searchthrough its archives turnedup nothing. Some ofMangas’ descendants believethe Smithsonian had beenconfused with Fowler’sPhrenological Cabinet inNew York City where theskull had been actually ondisplay. The fate of the skullafter that is unknown.

“Mangas had sought toconfederate the separatetribes as well as being amaster of intertribaldiplomacy,” said DavidRoberts in his book, Once

They Moved Like the Wind.“Mangas was a militar ytactician of genius. He wasalso—as an Apache chief hadto retain the following of his

warriors—a champion in one-to-one combat. His relentlesstorment of white settlersenhanced his reputation forruthlessness.”

Drawing of Skull of Mangas Colorados from 1873 book“Human Science” by Orson Squire Fowler.

E

January 11, 2017Territorial NewsPage 22

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Page 23Territorial NewsJanuary 11, 2017

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Manhunt

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McNelly to Fisher, whostood halfway out of thedoor, with the lieutenant ofhis band, one BurdObenchain, but known to hiscompanions as Frank Porter.

Fisher did not move,but Porter half raised hisWinchester, and coollylooked along the line ofRangers.

‘Drop that gun!’ yelledMcNelly. ‘Drop it, I say, orI’ll kill you.’

Porter looked McNellysquarely in the eyes, halfraised his rif le again, andthen slowly dropped it to hisside, and with a sigh leanedit against the side of thehouse.

‘I reckon there’s toomany of yer to tackle,’ hesaid, calmly. ‘I only wisht I’da-seen yer sooner.’

The other men gave upwithout a struggle. Theywere badly frightened atfirst, for they thought wewere members of a vigilancecommittee, come to deal outswift justice to them and

hang them by lynch law. Theywere agreeably disappointedwhen they discovered wewere the Rangers, officers ofthe law of Texas.

. . .We tookthe men with us atonce to Eagle Passand put them injail there. We tiedthe feet of theprisoners to their stirrupsand then tied the stirrupstogether under the horses’bellies. We also tied thedesperadoes’ hands to thepommels of their saddlesand led their horses.

Before we started,Captain McNelly told us, inthe hearing of the prisonersand of Fisher’s wife-a prettygirl, with wonderfully fine,bold black eyes-that if any ofour prisoners attempted to

escape or if an attempt wasmade to rescue them, wewere to kill them withoutwarning or mercy. That is, or

was, known on thefrontier as La leyde fuga , theshooting ofescaping orr e s i s t i n gprisoners. It was

well understood among theoutlaws, and was a greatprotection to the officerswho were compelled toescort prisoners over longdistances through thesparsely settled country. Theknowledge of this conditionof the border preventedmembers of a desperadogang from attempting torescue prisoners, for such anattempt meant instant deathto the captives.”

January 11, 2017Territorial NewsPage 24