Territorial PoliticsTerritorial Politics

The Sub-State ArenaThe Sub-State Arena

Some IssuesSome Issues Centralisation and decentralisationCentralisation and decentralisation National unityNational unity Self-determinationSelf-determination Economic restructuringEconomic restructuring Paradox:Paradox: Globalisation and European integrationGlobalisation and European integration Increased decentralisation and Increased decentralisation and

fragmentationfragmentation

Issues for this SeminarIssues for this Seminar Challenges to the Nation-StateChallenges to the Nation-State Regionalisation and RegionalismRegionalisation and Regionalism Stateless NationsStateless Nations Multi-level Governance - is there a Multi-level Governance - is there a

regional level of EU governance?regional level of EU governance? Case studies (F, D, E, UK)Case studies (F, D, E, UK) A Europe of the Regions?A Europe of the Regions?

Challenges to the Nation-Challenges to the Nation-StateState

GlobalisationGlobalisation Neo-liberal ideologyNeo-liberal ideology Interdependence - transnational organisationsInterdependence - transnational organisations Evolution of international lawEvolution of international law Rise of transnational social movementsRise of transnational social movements Communications revolutionCommunications revolution European integrationEuropean integration Decentralisation since the 1960sDecentralisation since the 1960s Regionalism and minority nationalismRegionalism and minority nationalism

Regionalisation and Regionalisation and RegionalismRegionalism

Regional-isation and regional-ismRegional-isation and regional-ism Why?Why? Uneven economic developmentUneven economic development threats to regional cultures / languages threats to regional cultures / languages

- minority nationalism- minority nationalism decentralisation and federalisationdecentralisation and federalisation impacts of globalisation and European impacts of globalisation and European

integrationintegration

Stateless NationsStateless Nations State and nationState and nation Nations without statesNations without states What do they want?What do they want? Independence?Independence? Autonomy?Autonomy? Cultural recognition?Cultural recognition? Repression and violenceRepression and violence

Regions of EuropeRegions of Europe

Typology of Typology of RegionalisationRegionalisation

Administrative decentralisationAdministrative decentralisation DevolutionDevolution Quasi, asymmetric federalismQuasi, asymmetric federalism FederationFederation

Typology of RegionalismTypology of RegionalismKeating’s 6 ideal types:Keating’s 6 ideal types: conservative, reactionary regionalismconservative, reactionary regionalism bourgeois regionalismbourgeois regionalism technocratic regionalismtechnocratic regionalism progressive regionalismprogressive regionalism populist regionalismpopulist regionalism separatist movementsseparatist movements

A Regional Level of A Regional Level of Governance?Governance?

Regionalisation and regionalism not uniformRegionalisation and regionalism not uniform Regions vary:Regions vary: institutions, powers, policy-making capacity, institutions, powers, policy-making capacity,

financial resources, EU/state/region relations, financial resources, EU/state/region relations, economic developmenteconomic development

Not a homogeneous level of governanceNot a homogeneous level of governance But a variety of new forms of territorial actionBut a variety of new forms of territorial action Constitutional regionsConstitutional regions

Case Study - FranceCase Study - France Archetypal nation Archetypal nation

state?state? Decentralisation over Decentralisation over

last 40 yearslast 40 years Sub-state organisationSub-state organisation Centre-regional-local Centre-regional-local

relationsrelations AssessmentAssessment

Case Study - GermanyCase Study - Germany Character of the Character of the

statestate FederalismFederalism The LänderThe Länder Division of powersDivision of powers Federal-Länder Federal-Länder

relationsrelations AssessmentAssessment

Case Study - SpainCase Study - Spain State, nation and nationalitiesState, nation and nationalities Centralists, regionalists, Centralists, regionalists,

federalists and separatistsfederalists and separatists Franco and repressionFranco and repression Transition and the ‘State of Transition and the ‘State of

Autonomies’Autonomies’ The Autonomous The Autonomous

CommunitiesCommunities A federal state?A federal state? AssessmentAssessment

Case Study - UKCase Study - UK A multi-national stateA multi-national state Devolution: 1979 & Devolution: 1979 &

19971997 Asymmetric devolutionAsymmetric devolution Scotland and Wales - Scotland and Wales -

autonomy or autonomy or separation?separation?

England - a problem?England - a problem? AssessmentAssessment

A Europe of the Regions?A Europe of the Regions? Early 1990s regionalists optimisticEarly 1990s regionalists optimistic ‘‘Third Level’? Third Level’? Regions becoming more important than states?Regions becoming more important than states? EU - Committee of the RegionsEU - Committee of the Regions However...However... Heterogeneity - diversity - asymmetryHeterogeneity - diversity - asymmetry Lack of common causeLack of common cause Disappointment with CoR and EUDisappointment with CoR and EU Though … A Europe Though … A Europe withwith the Regions? the Regions?

Territorial Politics - Territorial Politics - SummarySummary

Changing Changing patterns of patterns of governance in governance in EuropeEurope

Multi-level Multi-level governance?governance?

Regional and sub-Regional and sub-state diversitystate diversity