Test Review

• Decomposers break down dead organisms

• Parasitism is when 1 benefits and 1 is harmed

• Commensalism is when 1 benefits and the other is not helped and not harmed

• Both algae and fungus is benefitted through their relationship. (This is called mutualism)

• The energy of an ecosystem is replenished by the sun

• Food chain……starts with plant/grass….then something that eats grass…then something that eats it (Grass/Mouse/Cat/Coyote)

• Predation = Animal dies

• Parasitism = Animal may or may not die

• The trees that produce the large McIntosh apples are treated with a chemical so that the apples have twice the number of chromosomes in their cells. What type of speciation is this? (Polypoid Speciation)

• AIDS—immune system

• colds—respiratory system

• influenza—respiratory system

• Bacteria and viruses both cause diseases and disorders. Antibiotics are medicines that kill bacteria.

• Colds = viruses = not killed by antibiotics

• Homologous structures = same origin (maybe not same use….arm/bat wing0

• Analogous structures = different origin ….same function (bird wing/bat wing)

• Hawaiian honeycreepers are a group of birds with similar body shape and size. However, they vary greatly in color and beak shape. Each species occupies its own niche and is adapted to the foods available in its niche. The evolution from a common ancestor to a variety of species is an example of divergent evolution

• As the matter moves from grasses to coyotes the energy decreases……and the population may increase or may decrease .

• The mouse is the first-order consumer (1st to eat the grass)

• The cat would be a second-order…….(at the thing that ate the grass)

• The coyote would be a third-order consumer….(at the thing that ate the thing that ate the grass)

• Toxins increase in concentration as one moves up a food chain…..so animals that are far down the food chain are more sick…….than those near the beginning of the food chain