test review you can do it!!!! yes u can. bacteria can be good - can be bad- is a prokaryote no...
TRANSCRIPT
Test Review
YOU CAN DO IT
YES U CAN
Bacteria
bull Can be good -bull Can be bad-
bull Is a prokaryote NO NUCLEUS no organellesbull Divides by binary fissionbull The first life form on earthbull They know how to mutate adapt and survive
Good bacteriaMaintain the balance in the living world
bull Life can not continue without thembull Decomposer dead matter to make it into
nutrients for producersbull Breaks down sewagebull Converts nitrogen gas into a usable
fertilizer-nitrogen fixationbull Can be mutated to produce things like oil eating
bacteria to eat up oil spillsbull Helps break down food-digestionbull Used in genetic engineering- makes new drugs
etc
BAD BACTERIA
Bacteria is a prokaryoteNo nucleus nO organellesBad bacteria can kill you
too many of them in the wrong place at the wrong timeCan YES be killed by ANTOBIOTICScauses infectionsStreptStaphBotulism
virus
bull Not alive so it can not be killed
bull Can reproduce and live only by invading a living cell
bull Takes over the nucleus and uses its mechanisms to produce and stay alive
bull Composed of a core of DNA or RNA
bull And a protein coat called a capsid
bull Viral lytic infection-invades and then makes it burst-kills it after it uses it
bull Viral lysogenic infectionbull Makes copies of it forever-makes it itrsquos slave
bull Retrovirus- RNA not DNA goes back into the nucleus and keeps replicating itself
bull Never can diebull Cancer HIV herpes polio warts west nilebull Chicken pox hepatitis AltBltC
Bacteriophages
bull Viruses that invade bacteria
bull Can make you VERY sick
bull Causes secondary infections after a viral infection
Immune system
bull 1st line of defense-skinbull 2nd-non specific inflammatory response
ndash Feverndash White blood cells
bull 3d very specific responsendash Makes antibodies to remember for the next time
Specific response
bull Antigen- substance that triggers a -response a foreigner
ndash 2 types of lymphocytesbull B cells- from BONE works of antigen in body fluidsbull T cells ndashfrom THYMUS GLANDbull works on abnormal cells and living cellsbull low in HIVbull Itrsquos what HIV virus attacks
Antigens
bull An antigen is a protein marker that a pathogen (virus or bacteria)
bull White blood cells can identify them to help fight them
Antibody
bull Part of the immune system that binds to antigens to help kill them
bull Has binding sites at the ends of the Y
Antibodies
bull Binds to a antigen
bull A protein that helps destroy pathogens
bull About 100 million in a healthy human
Antibiotic
bull Kill bacteria
bull Nothing kills a virus
bull Not EVER EVER
bull They are immortal
bull Though a lot of them are weak and do not livelong anyway
bull like a little cold
-
bull Acquired immunity
bull once you get certain disease you make antibodies and you can not get it again
bull Vaccination-a weakened form of a pathogen that is injected into a body to produce immunity
bull Like for measles hepatitis HPV
Immune system1SKIN
OH NO SOMETHING GOT IN2 NON SPECIFIC RESPONSEBasic siple general resonseFEVER SWELLING
INFECTION MAKES ANTIGENSORT OF LIKE A MEMORY MARKER
3 VERY SPECIFIC RESPONSE
ndashBODYMAKES ANTIBODIES TO REMEMBER IF THEndashINFECTION COMES IN AGAIN
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Rpj0emEGShQampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=bm4YS293qh4httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=zcEn7p6CKfEampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomuserBrainPOPUKblend=23ampob=5pu26J2ftrIdGnE
HIV
bull HIV name of virusbull AIDS- name of diseasebull Acquired immune deficiency Diseasebull Kills T cellsbull Weakens entire bodybull People with AIDS die because they can not fight
off new infectionsbull You can stay alive with HIV if you take VERY
good cae of your self
HIV
THE HIV VIRUS IS IN YOUR BLOODAND IN YOURYOUR SEX FLUIDSSPERM EVEN PRE EJACULTE FLUIDVAGINAL FLUIDS
BUT NOT IN YOUR SALIVA
Mutations
bull Inheritable changes in the dna
bull Is the ultimate source of genetic variation
bull Genetic variation is a good thing
bull Provides more choices for survival
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
bull Cell
bull Tissue
bull Organ
bull Organ system
bull Organism
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Bacteria
bull Can be good -bull Can be bad-
bull Is a prokaryote NO NUCLEUS no organellesbull Divides by binary fissionbull The first life form on earthbull They know how to mutate adapt and survive
Good bacteriaMaintain the balance in the living world
bull Life can not continue without thembull Decomposer dead matter to make it into
nutrients for producersbull Breaks down sewagebull Converts nitrogen gas into a usable
fertilizer-nitrogen fixationbull Can be mutated to produce things like oil eating
bacteria to eat up oil spillsbull Helps break down food-digestionbull Used in genetic engineering- makes new drugs
etc
BAD BACTERIA
Bacteria is a prokaryoteNo nucleus nO organellesBad bacteria can kill you
too many of them in the wrong place at the wrong timeCan YES be killed by ANTOBIOTICScauses infectionsStreptStaphBotulism
virus
bull Not alive so it can not be killed
bull Can reproduce and live only by invading a living cell
bull Takes over the nucleus and uses its mechanisms to produce and stay alive
bull Composed of a core of DNA or RNA
bull And a protein coat called a capsid
bull Viral lytic infection-invades and then makes it burst-kills it after it uses it
bull Viral lysogenic infectionbull Makes copies of it forever-makes it itrsquos slave
bull Retrovirus- RNA not DNA goes back into the nucleus and keeps replicating itself
bull Never can diebull Cancer HIV herpes polio warts west nilebull Chicken pox hepatitis AltBltC
Bacteriophages
bull Viruses that invade bacteria
bull Can make you VERY sick
bull Causes secondary infections after a viral infection
Immune system
bull 1st line of defense-skinbull 2nd-non specific inflammatory response
ndash Feverndash White blood cells
bull 3d very specific responsendash Makes antibodies to remember for the next time
Specific response
bull Antigen- substance that triggers a -response a foreigner
ndash 2 types of lymphocytesbull B cells- from BONE works of antigen in body fluidsbull T cells ndashfrom THYMUS GLANDbull works on abnormal cells and living cellsbull low in HIVbull Itrsquos what HIV virus attacks
Antigens
bull An antigen is a protein marker that a pathogen (virus or bacteria)
bull White blood cells can identify them to help fight them
Antibody
bull Part of the immune system that binds to antigens to help kill them
bull Has binding sites at the ends of the Y
Antibodies
bull Binds to a antigen
bull A protein that helps destroy pathogens
bull About 100 million in a healthy human
Antibiotic
bull Kill bacteria
bull Nothing kills a virus
bull Not EVER EVER
bull They are immortal
bull Though a lot of them are weak and do not livelong anyway
bull like a little cold
-
bull Acquired immunity
bull once you get certain disease you make antibodies and you can not get it again
bull Vaccination-a weakened form of a pathogen that is injected into a body to produce immunity
bull Like for measles hepatitis HPV
Immune system1SKIN
OH NO SOMETHING GOT IN2 NON SPECIFIC RESPONSEBasic siple general resonseFEVER SWELLING
INFECTION MAKES ANTIGENSORT OF LIKE A MEMORY MARKER
3 VERY SPECIFIC RESPONSE
ndashBODYMAKES ANTIBODIES TO REMEMBER IF THEndashINFECTION COMES IN AGAIN
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Rpj0emEGShQampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=bm4YS293qh4httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=zcEn7p6CKfEampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomuserBrainPOPUKblend=23ampob=5pu26J2ftrIdGnE
HIV
bull HIV name of virusbull AIDS- name of diseasebull Acquired immune deficiency Diseasebull Kills T cellsbull Weakens entire bodybull People with AIDS die because they can not fight
off new infectionsbull You can stay alive with HIV if you take VERY
good cae of your self
HIV
THE HIV VIRUS IS IN YOUR BLOODAND IN YOURYOUR SEX FLUIDSSPERM EVEN PRE EJACULTE FLUIDVAGINAL FLUIDS
BUT NOT IN YOUR SALIVA
Mutations
bull Inheritable changes in the dna
bull Is the ultimate source of genetic variation
bull Genetic variation is a good thing
bull Provides more choices for survival
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
bull Cell
bull Tissue
bull Organ
bull Organ system
bull Organism
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Good bacteriaMaintain the balance in the living world
bull Life can not continue without thembull Decomposer dead matter to make it into
nutrients for producersbull Breaks down sewagebull Converts nitrogen gas into a usable
fertilizer-nitrogen fixationbull Can be mutated to produce things like oil eating
bacteria to eat up oil spillsbull Helps break down food-digestionbull Used in genetic engineering- makes new drugs
etc
BAD BACTERIA
Bacteria is a prokaryoteNo nucleus nO organellesBad bacteria can kill you
too many of them in the wrong place at the wrong timeCan YES be killed by ANTOBIOTICScauses infectionsStreptStaphBotulism
virus
bull Not alive so it can not be killed
bull Can reproduce and live only by invading a living cell
bull Takes over the nucleus and uses its mechanisms to produce and stay alive
bull Composed of a core of DNA or RNA
bull And a protein coat called a capsid
bull Viral lytic infection-invades and then makes it burst-kills it after it uses it
bull Viral lysogenic infectionbull Makes copies of it forever-makes it itrsquos slave
bull Retrovirus- RNA not DNA goes back into the nucleus and keeps replicating itself
bull Never can diebull Cancer HIV herpes polio warts west nilebull Chicken pox hepatitis AltBltC
Bacteriophages
bull Viruses that invade bacteria
bull Can make you VERY sick
bull Causes secondary infections after a viral infection
Immune system
bull 1st line of defense-skinbull 2nd-non specific inflammatory response
ndash Feverndash White blood cells
bull 3d very specific responsendash Makes antibodies to remember for the next time
Specific response
bull Antigen- substance that triggers a -response a foreigner
ndash 2 types of lymphocytesbull B cells- from BONE works of antigen in body fluidsbull T cells ndashfrom THYMUS GLANDbull works on abnormal cells and living cellsbull low in HIVbull Itrsquos what HIV virus attacks
Antigens
bull An antigen is a protein marker that a pathogen (virus or bacteria)
bull White blood cells can identify them to help fight them
Antibody
bull Part of the immune system that binds to antigens to help kill them
bull Has binding sites at the ends of the Y
Antibodies
bull Binds to a antigen
bull A protein that helps destroy pathogens
bull About 100 million in a healthy human
Antibiotic
bull Kill bacteria
bull Nothing kills a virus
bull Not EVER EVER
bull They are immortal
bull Though a lot of them are weak and do not livelong anyway
bull like a little cold
-
bull Acquired immunity
bull once you get certain disease you make antibodies and you can not get it again
bull Vaccination-a weakened form of a pathogen that is injected into a body to produce immunity
bull Like for measles hepatitis HPV
Immune system1SKIN
OH NO SOMETHING GOT IN2 NON SPECIFIC RESPONSEBasic siple general resonseFEVER SWELLING
INFECTION MAKES ANTIGENSORT OF LIKE A MEMORY MARKER
3 VERY SPECIFIC RESPONSE
ndashBODYMAKES ANTIBODIES TO REMEMBER IF THEndashINFECTION COMES IN AGAIN
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Rpj0emEGShQampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=bm4YS293qh4httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=zcEn7p6CKfEampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomuserBrainPOPUKblend=23ampob=5pu26J2ftrIdGnE
HIV
bull HIV name of virusbull AIDS- name of diseasebull Acquired immune deficiency Diseasebull Kills T cellsbull Weakens entire bodybull People with AIDS die because they can not fight
off new infectionsbull You can stay alive with HIV if you take VERY
good cae of your self
HIV
THE HIV VIRUS IS IN YOUR BLOODAND IN YOURYOUR SEX FLUIDSSPERM EVEN PRE EJACULTE FLUIDVAGINAL FLUIDS
BUT NOT IN YOUR SALIVA
Mutations
bull Inheritable changes in the dna
bull Is the ultimate source of genetic variation
bull Genetic variation is a good thing
bull Provides more choices for survival
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
bull Cell
bull Tissue
bull Organ
bull Organ system
bull Organism
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
BAD BACTERIA
Bacteria is a prokaryoteNo nucleus nO organellesBad bacteria can kill you
too many of them in the wrong place at the wrong timeCan YES be killed by ANTOBIOTICScauses infectionsStreptStaphBotulism
virus
bull Not alive so it can not be killed
bull Can reproduce and live only by invading a living cell
bull Takes over the nucleus and uses its mechanisms to produce and stay alive
bull Composed of a core of DNA or RNA
bull And a protein coat called a capsid
bull Viral lytic infection-invades and then makes it burst-kills it after it uses it
bull Viral lysogenic infectionbull Makes copies of it forever-makes it itrsquos slave
bull Retrovirus- RNA not DNA goes back into the nucleus and keeps replicating itself
bull Never can diebull Cancer HIV herpes polio warts west nilebull Chicken pox hepatitis AltBltC
Bacteriophages
bull Viruses that invade bacteria
bull Can make you VERY sick
bull Causes secondary infections after a viral infection
Immune system
bull 1st line of defense-skinbull 2nd-non specific inflammatory response
ndash Feverndash White blood cells
bull 3d very specific responsendash Makes antibodies to remember for the next time
Specific response
bull Antigen- substance that triggers a -response a foreigner
ndash 2 types of lymphocytesbull B cells- from BONE works of antigen in body fluidsbull T cells ndashfrom THYMUS GLANDbull works on abnormal cells and living cellsbull low in HIVbull Itrsquos what HIV virus attacks
Antigens
bull An antigen is a protein marker that a pathogen (virus or bacteria)
bull White blood cells can identify them to help fight them
Antibody
bull Part of the immune system that binds to antigens to help kill them
bull Has binding sites at the ends of the Y
Antibodies
bull Binds to a antigen
bull A protein that helps destroy pathogens
bull About 100 million in a healthy human
Antibiotic
bull Kill bacteria
bull Nothing kills a virus
bull Not EVER EVER
bull They are immortal
bull Though a lot of them are weak and do not livelong anyway
bull like a little cold
-
bull Acquired immunity
bull once you get certain disease you make antibodies and you can not get it again
bull Vaccination-a weakened form of a pathogen that is injected into a body to produce immunity
bull Like for measles hepatitis HPV
Immune system1SKIN
OH NO SOMETHING GOT IN2 NON SPECIFIC RESPONSEBasic siple general resonseFEVER SWELLING
INFECTION MAKES ANTIGENSORT OF LIKE A MEMORY MARKER
3 VERY SPECIFIC RESPONSE
ndashBODYMAKES ANTIBODIES TO REMEMBER IF THEndashINFECTION COMES IN AGAIN
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Rpj0emEGShQampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=bm4YS293qh4httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=zcEn7p6CKfEampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomuserBrainPOPUKblend=23ampob=5pu26J2ftrIdGnE
HIV
bull HIV name of virusbull AIDS- name of diseasebull Acquired immune deficiency Diseasebull Kills T cellsbull Weakens entire bodybull People with AIDS die because they can not fight
off new infectionsbull You can stay alive with HIV if you take VERY
good cae of your self
HIV
THE HIV VIRUS IS IN YOUR BLOODAND IN YOURYOUR SEX FLUIDSSPERM EVEN PRE EJACULTE FLUIDVAGINAL FLUIDS
BUT NOT IN YOUR SALIVA
Mutations
bull Inheritable changes in the dna
bull Is the ultimate source of genetic variation
bull Genetic variation is a good thing
bull Provides more choices for survival
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
bull Cell
bull Tissue
bull Organ
bull Organ system
bull Organism
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
virus
bull Not alive so it can not be killed
bull Can reproduce and live only by invading a living cell
bull Takes over the nucleus and uses its mechanisms to produce and stay alive
bull Composed of a core of DNA or RNA
bull And a protein coat called a capsid
bull Viral lytic infection-invades and then makes it burst-kills it after it uses it
bull Viral lysogenic infectionbull Makes copies of it forever-makes it itrsquos slave
bull Retrovirus- RNA not DNA goes back into the nucleus and keeps replicating itself
bull Never can diebull Cancer HIV herpes polio warts west nilebull Chicken pox hepatitis AltBltC
Bacteriophages
bull Viruses that invade bacteria
bull Can make you VERY sick
bull Causes secondary infections after a viral infection
Immune system
bull 1st line of defense-skinbull 2nd-non specific inflammatory response
ndash Feverndash White blood cells
bull 3d very specific responsendash Makes antibodies to remember for the next time
Specific response
bull Antigen- substance that triggers a -response a foreigner
ndash 2 types of lymphocytesbull B cells- from BONE works of antigen in body fluidsbull T cells ndashfrom THYMUS GLANDbull works on abnormal cells and living cellsbull low in HIVbull Itrsquos what HIV virus attacks
Antigens
bull An antigen is a protein marker that a pathogen (virus or bacteria)
bull White blood cells can identify them to help fight them
Antibody
bull Part of the immune system that binds to antigens to help kill them
bull Has binding sites at the ends of the Y
Antibodies
bull Binds to a antigen
bull A protein that helps destroy pathogens
bull About 100 million in a healthy human
Antibiotic
bull Kill bacteria
bull Nothing kills a virus
bull Not EVER EVER
bull They are immortal
bull Though a lot of them are weak and do not livelong anyway
bull like a little cold
-
bull Acquired immunity
bull once you get certain disease you make antibodies and you can not get it again
bull Vaccination-a weakened form of a pathogen that is injected into a body to produce immunity
bull Like for measles hepatitis HPV
Immune system1SKIN
OH NO SOMETHING GOT IN2 NON SPECIFIC RESPONSEBasic siple general resonseFEVER SWELLING
INFECTION MAKES ANTIGENSORT OF LIKE A MEMORY MARKER
3 VERY SPECIFIC RESPONSE
ndashBODYMAKES ANTIBODIES TO REMEMBER IF THEndashINFECTION COMES IN AGAIN
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Rpj0emEGShQampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=bm4YS293qh4httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=zcEn7p6CKfEampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomuserBrainPOPUKblend=23ampob=5pu26J2ftrIdGnE
HIV
bull HIV name of virusbull AIDS- name of diseasebull Acquired immune deficiency Diseasebull Kills T cellsbull Weakens entire bodybull People with AIDS die because they can not fight
off new infectionsbull You can stay alive with HIV if you take VERY
good cae of your self
HIV
THE HIV VIRUS IS IN YOUR BLOODAND IN YOURYOUR SEX FLUIDSSPERM EVEN PRE EJACULTE FLUIDVAGINAL FLUIDS
BUT NOT IN YOUR SALIVA
Mutations
bull Inheritable changes in the dna
bull Is the ultimate source of genetic variation
bull Genetic variation is a good thing
bull Provides more choices for survival
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
bull Cell
bull Tissue
bull Organ
bull Organ system
bull Organism
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bull Viral lytic infection-invades and then makes it burst-kills it after it uses it
bull Viral lysogenic infectionbull Makes copies of it forever-makes it itrsquos slave
bull Retrovirus- RNA not DNA goes back into the nucleus and keeps replicating itself
bull Never can diebull Cancer HIV herpes polio warts west nilebull Chicken pox hepatitis AltBltC
Bacteriophages
bull Viruses that invade bacteria
bull Can make you VERY sick
bull Causes secondary infections after a viral infection
Immune system
bull 1st line of defense-skinbull 2nd-non specific inflammatory response
ndash Feverndash White blood cells
bull 3d very specific responsendash Makes antibodies to remember for the next time
Specific response
bull Antigen- substance that triggers a -response a foreigner
ndash 2 types of lymphocytesbull B cells- from BONE works of antigen in body fluidsbull T cells ndashfrom THYMUS GLANDbull works on abnormal cells and living cellsbull low in HIVbull Itrsquos what HIV virus attacks
Antigens
bull An antigen is a protein marker that a pathogen (virus or bacteria)
bull White blood cells can identify them to help fight them
Antibody
bull Part of the immune system that binds to antigens to help kill them
bull Has binding sites at the ends of the Y
Antibodies
bull Binds to a antigen
bull A protein that helps destroy pathogens
bull About 100 million in a healthy human
Antibiotic
bull Kill bacteria
bull Nothing kills a virus
bull Not EVER EVER
bull They are immortal
bull Though a lot of them are weak and do not livelong anyway
bull like a little cold
-
bull Acquired immunity
bull once you get certain disease you make antibodies and you can not get it again
bull Vaccination-a weakened form of a pathogen that is injected into a body to produce immunity
bull Like for measles hepatitis HPV
Immune system1SKIN
OH NO SOMETHING GOT IN2 NON SPECIFIC RESPONSEBasic siple general resonseFEVER SWELLING
INFECTION MAKES ANTIGENSORT OF LIKE A MEMORY MARKER
3 VERY SPECIFIC RESPONSE
ndashBODYMAKES ANTIBODIES TO REMEMBER IF THEndashINFECTION COMES IN AGAIN
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Rpj0emEGShQampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=bm4YS293qh4httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=zcEn7p6CKfEampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomuserBrainPOPUKblend=23ampob=5pu26J2ftrIdGnE
HIV
bull HIV name of virusbull AIDS- name of diseasebull Acquired immune deficiency Diseasebull Kills T cellsbull Weakens entire bodybull People with AIDS die because they can not fight
off new infectionsbull You can stay alive with HIV if you take VERY
good cae of your self
HIV
THE HIV VIRUS IS IN YOUR BLOODAND IN YOURYOUR SEX FLUIDSSPERM EVEN PRE EJACULTE FLUIDVAGINAL FLUIDS
BUT NOT IN YOUR SALIVA
Mutations
bull Inheritable changes in the dna
bull Is the ultimate source of genetic variation
bull Genetic variation is a good thing
bull Provides more choices for survival
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
bull Cell
bull Tissue
bull Organ
bull Organ system
bull Organism
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Bacteriophages
bull Viruses that invade bacteria
bull Can make you VERY sick
bull Causes secondary infections after a viral infection
Immune system
bull 1st line of defense-skinbull 2nd-non specific inflammatory response
ndash Feverndash White blood cells
bull 3d very specific responsendash Makes antibodies to remember for the next time
Specific response
bull Antigen- substance that triggers a -response a foreigner
ndash 2 types of lymphocytesbull B cells- from BONE works of antigen in body fluidsbull T cells ndashfrom THYMUS GLANDbull works on abnormal cells and living cellsbull low in HIVbull Itrsquos what HIV virus attacks
Antigens
bull An antigen is a protein marker that a pathogen (virus or bacteria)
bull White blood cells can identify them to help fight them
Antibody
bull Part of the immune system that binds to antigens to help kill them
bull Has binding sites at the ends of the Y
Antibodies
bull Binds to a antigen
bull A protein that helps destroy pathogens
bull About 100 million in a healthy human
Antibiotic
bull Kill bacteria
bull Nothing kills a virus
bull Not EVER EVER
bull They are immortal
bull Though a lot of them are weak and do not livelong anyway
bull like a little cold
-
bull Acquired immunity
bull once you get certain disease you make antibodies and you can not get it again
bull Vaccination-a weakened form of a pathogen that is injected into a body to produce immunity
bull Like for measles hepatitis HPV
Immune system1SKIN
OH NO SOMETHING GOT IN2 NON SPECIFIC RESPONSEBasic siple general resonseFEVER SWELLING
INFECTION MAKES ANTIGENSORT OF LIKE A MEMORY MARKER
3 VERY SPECIFIC RESPONSE
ndashBODYMAKES ANTIBODIES TO REMEMBER IF THEndashINFECTION COMES IN AGAIN
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Rpj0emEGShQampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=bm4YS293qh4httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=zcEn7p6CKfEampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomuserBrainPOPUKblend=23ampob=5pu26J2ftrIdGnE
HIV
bull HIV name of virusbull AIDS- name of diseasebull Acquired immune deficiency Diseasebull Kills T cellsbull Weakens entire bodybull People with AIDS die because they can not fight
off new infectionsbull You can stay alive with HIV if you take VERY
good cae of your self
HIV
THE HIV VIRUS IS IN YOUR BLOODAND IN YOURYOUR SEX FLUIDSSPERM EVEN PRE EJACULTE FLUIDVAGINAL FLUIDS
BUT NOT IN YOUR SALIVA
Mutations
bull Inheritable changes in the dna
bull Is the ultimate source of genetic variation
bull Genetic variation is a good thing
bull Provides more choices for survival
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
bull Cell
bull Tissue
bull Organ
bull Organ system
bull Organism
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Immune system
bull 1st line of defense-skinbull 2nd-non specific inflammatory response
ndash Feverndash White blood cells
bull 3d very specific responsendash Makes antibodies to remember for the next time
Specific response
bull Antigen- substance that triggers a -response a foreigner
ndash 2 types of lymphocytesbull B cells- from BONE works of antigen in body fluidsbull T cells ndashfrom THYMUS GLANDbull works on abnormal cells and living cellsbull low in HIVbull Itrsquos what HIV virus attacks
Antigens
bull An antigen is a protein marker that a pathogen (virus or bacteria)
bull White blood cells can identify them to help fight them
Antibody
bull Part of the immune system that binds to antigens to help kill them
bull Has binding sites at the ends of the Y
Antibodies
bull Binds to a antigen
bull A protein that helps destroy pathogens
bull About 100 million in a healthy human
Antibiotic
bull Kill bacteria
bull Nothing kills a virus
bull Not EVER EVER
bull They are immortal
bull Though a lot of them are weak and do not livelong anyway
bull like a little cold
-
bull Acquired immunity
bull once you get certain disease you make antibodies and you can not get it again
bull Vaccination-a weakened form of a pathogen that is injected into a body to produce immunity
bull Like for measles hepatitis HPV
Immune system1SKIN
OH NO SOMETHING GOT IN2 NON SPECIFIC RESPONSEBasic siple general resonseFEVER SWELLING
INFECTION MAKES ANTIGENSORT OF LIKE A MEMORY MARKER
3 VERY SPECIFIC RESPONSE
ndashBODYMAKES ANTIBODIES TO REMEMBER IF THEndashINFECTION COMES IN AGAIN
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Rpj0emEGShQampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=bm4YS293qh4httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=zcEn7p6CKfEampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomuserBrainPOPUKblend=23ampob=5pu26J2ftrIdGnE
HIV
bull HIV name of virusbull AIDS- name of diseasebull Acquired immune deficiency Diseasebull Kills T cellsbull Weakens entire bodybull People with AIDS die because they can not fight
off new infectionsbull You can stay alive with HIV if you take VERY
good cae of your self
HIV
THE HIV VIRUS IS IN YOUR BLOODAND IN YOURYOUR SEX FLUIDSSPERM EVEN PRE EJACULTE FLUIDVAGINAL FLUIDS
BUT NOT IN YOUR SALIVA
Mutations
bull Inheritable changes in the dna
bull Is the ultimate source of genetic variation
bull Genetic variation is a good thing
bull Provides more choices for survival
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
bull Cell
bull Tissue
bull Organ
bull Organ system
bull Organism
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Specific response
bull Antigen- substance that triggers a -response a foreigner
ndash 2 types of lymphocytesbull B cells- from BONE works of antigen in body fluidsbull T cells ndashfrom THYMUS GLANDbull works on abnormal cells and living cellsbull low in HIVbull Itrsquos what HIV virus attacks
Antigens
bull An antigen is a protein marker that a pathogen (virus or bacteria)
bull White blood cells can identify them to help fight them
Antibody
bull Part of the immune system that binds to antigens to help kill them
bull Has binding sites at the ends of the Y
Antibodies
bull Binds to a antigen
bull A protein that helps destroy pathogens
bull About 100 million in a healthy human
Antibiotic
bull Kill bacteria
bull Nothing kills a virus
bull Not EVER EVER
bull They are immortal
bull Though a lot of them are weak and do not livelong anyway
bull like a little cold
-
bull Acquired immunity
bull once you get certain disease you make antibodies and you can not get it again
bull Vaccination-a weakened form of a pathogen that is injected into a body to produce immunity
bull Like for measles hepatitis HPV
Immune system1SKIN
OH NO SOMETHING GOT IN2 NON SPECIFIC RESPONSEBasic siple general resonseFEVER SWELLING
INFECTION MAKES ANTIGENSORT OF LIKE A MEMORY MARKER
3 VERY SPECIFIC RESPONSE
ndashBODYMAKES ANTIBODIES TO REMEMBER IF THEndashINFECTION COMES IN AGAIN
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Rpj0emEGShQampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=bm4YS293qh4httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=zcEn7p6CKfEampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomuserBrainPOPUKblend=23ampob=5pu26J2ftrIdGnE
HIV
bull HIV name of virusbull AIDS- name of diseasebull Acquired immune deficiency Diseasebull Kills T cellsbull Weakens entire bodybull People with AIDS die because they can not fight
off new infectionsbull You can stay alive with HIV if you take VERY
good cae of your self
HIV
THE HIV VIRUS IS IN YOUR BLOODAND IN YOURYOUR SEX FLUIDSSPERM EVEN PRE EJACULTE FLUIDVAGINAL FLUIDS
BUT NOT IN YOUR SALIVA
Mutations
bull Inheritable changes in the dna
bull Is the ultimate source of genetic variation
bull Genetic variation is a good thing
bull Provides more choices for survival
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
bull Cell
bull Tissue
bull Organ
bull Organ system
bull Organism
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Antigens
bull An antigen is a protein marker that a pathogen (virus or bacteria)
bull White blood cells can identify them to help fight them
Antibody
bull Part of the immune system that binds to antigens to help kill them
bull Has binding sites at the ends of the Y
Antibodies
bull Binds to a antigen
bull A protein that helps destroy pathogens
bull About 100 million in a healthy human
Antibiotic
bull Kill bacteria
bull Nothing kills a virus
bull Not EVER EVER
bull They are immortal
bull Though a lot of them are weak and do not livelong anyway
bull like a little cold
-
bull Acquired immunity
bull once you get certain disease you make antibodies and you can not get it again
bull Vaccination-a weakened form of a pathogen that is injected into a body to produce immunity
bull Like for measles hepatitis HPV
Immune system1SKIN
OH NO SOMETHING GOT IN2 NON SPECIFIC RESPONSEBasic siple general resonseFEVER SWELLING
INFECTION MAKES ANTIGENSORT OF LIKE A MEMORY MARKER
3 VERY SPECIFIC RESPONSE
ndashBODYMAKES ANTIBODIES TO REMEMBER IF THEndashINFECTION COMES IN AGAIN
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Rpj0emEGShQampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=bm4YS293qh4httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=zcEn7p6CKfEampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomuserBrainPOPUKblend=23ampob=5pu26J2ftrIdGnE
HIV
bull HIV name of virusbull AIDS- name of diseasebull Acquired immune deficiency Diseasebull Kills T cellsbull Weakens entire bodybull People with AIDS die because they can not fight
off new infectionsbull You can stay alive with HIV if you take VERY
good cae of your self
HIV
THE HIV VIRUS IS IN YOUR BLOODAND IN YOURYOUR SEX FLUIDSSPERM EVEN PRE EJACULTE FLUIDVAGINAL FLUIDS
BUT NOT IN YOUR SALIVA
Mutations
bull Inheritable changes in the dna
bull Is the ultimate source of genetic variation
bull Genetic variation is a good thing
bull Provides more choices for survival
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
bull Cell
bull Tissue
bull Organ
bull Organ system
bull Organism
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Antibody
bull Part of the immune system that binds to antigens to help kill them
bull Has binding sites at the ends of the Y
Antibodies
bull Binds to a antigen
bull A protein that helps destroy pathogens
bull About 100 million in a healthy human
Antibiotic
bull Kill bacteria
bull Nothing kills a virus
bull Not EVER EVER
bull They are immortal
bull Though a lot of them are weak and do not livelong anyway
bull like a little cold
-
bull Acquired immunity
bull once you get certain disease you make antibodies and you can not get it again
bull Vaccination-a weakened form of a pathogen that is injected into a body to produce immunity
bull Like for measles hepatitis HPV
Immune system1SKIN
OH NO SOMETHING GOT IN2 NON SPECIFIC RESPONSEBasic siple general resonseFEVER SWELLING
INFECTION MAKES ANTIGENSORT OF LIKE A MEMORY MARKER
3 VERY SPECIFIC RESPONSE
ndashBODYMAKES ANTIBODIES TO REMEMBER IF THEndashINFECTION COMES IN AGAIN
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Rpj0emEGShQampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=bm4YS293qh4httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=zcEn7p6CKfEampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomuserBrainPOPUKblend=23ampob=5pu26J2ftrIdGnE
HIV
bull HIV name of virusbull AIDS- name of diseasebull Acquired immune deficiency Diseasebull Kills T cellsbull Weakens entire bodybull People with AIDS die because they can not fight
off new infectionsbull You can stay alive with HIV if you take VERY
good cae of your self
HIV
THE HIV VIRUS IS IN YOUR BLOODAND IN YOURYOUR SEX FLUIDSSPERM EVEN PRE EJACULTE FLUIDVAGINAL FLUIDS
BUT NOT IN YOUR SALIVA
Mutations
bull Inheritable changes in the dna
bull Is the ultimate source of genetic variation
bull Genetic variation is a good thing
bull Provides more choices for survival
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
bull Cell
bull Tissue
bull Organ
bull Organ system
bull Organism
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Antibodies
bull Binds to a antigen
bull A protein that helps destroy pathogens
bull About 100 million in a healthy human
Antibiotic
bull Kill bacteria
bull Nothing kills a virus
bull Not EVER EVER
bull They are immortal
bull Though a lot of them are weak and do not livelong anyway
bull like a little cold
-
bull Acquired immunity
bull once you get certain disease you make antibodies and you can not get it again
bull Vaccination-a weakened form of a pathogen that is injected into a body to produce immunity
bull Like for measles hepatitis HPV
Immune system1SKIN
OH NO SOMETHING GOT IN2 NON SPECIFIC RESPONSEBasic siple general resonseFEVER SWELLING
INFECTION MAKES ANTIGENSORT OF LIKE A MEMORY MARKER
3 VERY SPECIFIC RESPONSE
ndashBODYMAKES ANTIBODIES TO REMEMBER IF THEndashINFECTION COMES IN AGAIN
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Rpj0emEGShQampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=bm4YS293qh4httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=zcEn7p6CKfEampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomuserBrainPOPUKblend=23ampob=5pu26J2ftrIdGnE
HIV
bull HIV name of virusbull AIDS- name of diseasebull Acquired immune deficiency Diseasebull Kills T cellsbull Weakens entire bodybull People with AIDS die because they can not fight
off new infectionsbull You can stay alive with HIV if you take VERY
good cae of your self
HIV
THE HIV VIRUS IS IN YOUR BLOODAND IN YOURYOUR SEX FLUIDSSPERM EVEN PRE EJACULTE FLUIDVAGINAL FLUIDS
BUT NOT IN YOUR SALIVA
Mutations
bull Inheritable changes in the dna
bull Is the ultimate source of genetic variation
bull Genetic variation is a good thing
bull Provides more choices for survival
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
bull Cell
bull Tissue
bull Organ
bull Organ system
bull Organism
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Antibiotic
bull Kill bacteria
bull Nothing kills a virus
bull Not EVER EVER
bull They are immortal
bull Though a lot of them are weak and do not livelong anyway
bull like a little cold
-
bull Acquired immunity
bull once you get certain disease you make antibodies and you can not get it again
bull Vaccination-a weakened form of a pathogen that is injected into a body to produce immunity
bull Like for measles hepatitis HPV
Immune system1SKIN
OH NO SOMETHING GOT IN2 NON SPECIFIC RESPONSEBasic siple general resonseFEVER SWELLING
INFECTION MAKES ANTIGENSORT OF LIKE A MEMORY MARKER
3 VERY SPECIFIC RESPONSE
ndashBODYMAKES ANTIBODIES TO REMEMBER IF THEndashINFECTION COMES IN AGAIN
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Rpj0emEGShQampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=bm4YS293qh4httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=zcEn7p6CKfEampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomuserBrainPOPUKblend=23ampob=5pu26J2ftrIdGnE
HIV
bull HIV name of virusbull AIDS- name of diseasebull Acquired immune deficiency Diseasebull Kills T cellsbull Weakens entire bodybull People with AIDS die because they can not fight
off new infectionsbull You can stay alive with HIV if you take VERY
good cae of your self
HIV
THE HIV VIRUS IS IN YOUR BLOODAND IN YOURYOUR SEX FLUIDSSPERM EVEN PRE EJACULTE FLUIDVAGINAL FLUIDS
BUT NOT IN YOUR SALIVA
Mutations
bull Inheritable changes in the dna
bull Is the ultimate source of genetic variation
bull Genetic variation is a good thing
bull Provides more choices for survival
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
bull Cell
bull Tissue
bull Organ
bull Organ system
bull Organism
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
-
bull Acquired immunity
bull once you get certain disease you make antibodies and you can not get it again
bull Vaccination-a weakened form of a pathogen that is injected into a body to produce immunity
bull Like for measles hepatitis HPV
Immune system1SKIN
OH NO SOMETHING GOT IN2 NON SPECIFIC RESPONSEBasic siple general resonseFEVER SWELLING
INFECTION MAKES ANTIGENSORT OF LIKE A MEMORY MARKER
3 VERY SPECIFIC RESPONSE
ndashBODYMAKES ANTIBODIES TO REMEMBER IF THEndashINFECTION COMES IN AGAIN
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Rpj0emEGShQampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=bm4YS293qh4httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=zcEn7p6CKfEampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomuserBrainPOPUKblend=23ampob=5pu26J2ftrIdGnE
HIV
bull HIV name of virusbull AIDS- name of diseasebull Acquired immune deficiency Diseasebull Kills T cellsbull Weakens entire bodybull People with AIDS die because they can not fight
off new infectionsbull You can stay alive with HIV if you take VERY
good cae of your self
HIV
THE HIV VIRUS IS IN YOUR BLOODAND IN YOURYOUR SEX FLUIDSSPERM EVEN PRE EJACULTE FLUIDVAGINAL FLUIDS
BUT NOT IN YOUR SALIVA
Mutations
bull Inheritable changes in the dna
bull Is the ultimate source of genetic variation
bull Genetic variation is a good thing
bull Provides more choices for survival
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
bull Cell
bull Tissue
bull Organ
bull Organ system
bull Organism
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Immune system1SKIN
OH NO SOMETHING GOT IN2 NON SPECIFIC RESPONSEBasic siple general resonseFEVER SWELLING
INFECTION MAKES ANTIGENSORT OF LIKE A MEMORY MARKER
3 VERY SPECIFIC RESPONSE
ndashBODYMAKES ANTIBODIES TO REMEMBER IF THEndashINFECTION COMES IN AGAIN
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Rpj0emEGShQampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=bm4YS293qh4httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=zcEn7p6CKfEampfeature=relatedhttpwwwyoutubecomuserBrainPOPUKblend=23ampob=5pu26J2ftrIdGnE
HIV
bull HIV name of virusbull AIDS- name of diseasebull Acquired immune deficiency Diseasebull Kills T cellsbull Weakens entire bodybull People with AIDS die because they can not fight
off new infectionsbull You can stay alive with HIV if you take VERY
good cae of your self
HIV
THE HIV VIRUS IS IN YOUR BLOODAND IN YOURYOUR SEX FLUIDSSPERM EVEN PRE EJACULTE FLUIDVAGINAL FLUIDS
BUT NOT IN YOUR SALIVA
Mutations
bull Inheritable changes in the dna
bull Is the ultimate source of genetic variation
bull Genetic variation is a good thing
bull Provides more choices for survival
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
bull Cell
bull Tissue
bull Organ
bull Organ system
bull Organism
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
HIV
bull HIV name of virusbull AIDS- name of diseasebull Acquired immune deficiency Diseasebull Kills T cellsbull Weakens entire bodybull People with AIDS die because they can not fight
off new infectionsbull You can stay alive with HIV if you take VERY
good cae of your self
HIV
THE HIV VIRUS IS IN YOUR BLOODAND IN YOURYOUR SEX FLUIDSSPERM EVEN PRE EJACULTE FLUIDVAGINAL FLUIDS
BUT NOT IN YOUR SALIVA
Mutations
bull Inheritable changes in the dna
bull Is the ultimate source of genetic variation
bull Genetic variation is a good thing
bull Provides more choices for survival
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
bull Cell
bull Tissue
bull Organ
bull Organ system
bull Organism
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
HIV
THE HIV VIRUS IS IN YOUR BLOODAND IN YOURYOUR SEX FLUIDSSPERM EVEN PRE EJACULTE FLUIDVAGINAL FLUIDS
BUT NOT IN YOUR SALIVA
Mutations
bull Inheritable changes in the dna
bull Is the ultimate source of genetic variation
bull Genetic variation is a good thing
bull Provides more choices for survival
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
bull Cell
bull Tissue
bull Organ
bull Organ system
bull Organism
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Mutations
bull Inheritable changes in the dna
bull Is the ultimate source of genetic variation
bull Genetic variation is a good thing
bull Provides more choices for survival
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
bull Cell
bull Tissue
bull Organ
bull Organ system
bull Organism
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
bull Cell
bull Tissue
bull Organ
bull Organ system
bull Organism
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
raquoDna lives in the nucleus
raquoIT CAN NEVER EVER LEAVE
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bull Mitosis- somatic cells- diploidbull 2 exactly identical daughters
bull Meiosis-sex cells gametes - Haploidbull Makes 4 genetically unique cells
bull 22 somatic cellsbull 1 x or 1 ybull Female 22 + x xbull Male 22 + xy
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bull Asexual reproduction
bull Mostly in plants-
bull Vegetative reproduction
bull Strawberries end runners out
bull Divide through mitosis genetically identical
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bull Mitochondria
=ENERGY= ATP
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
movement
bull Diffusion high to low
bull Osmosis-high to low of water
bull Passive transport still across a membrane
bull Facilitated Diffusion high to low thru a membrane using a carrier membrane
bull All use o
bull no 0 energy
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Active transport
bull Low to high
bull Needs energy
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Natural selection
bull Does not work directly on genes
bull Works on the entire organism
bull Populations change not individuals
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
evolution
bull Change over time in the frequencies of the alleles in a population
bull Survival of the best allelesbull The more variation in a gene pool the more likely
the population can survivebull Changes in the environmentbull Affects the PHENOTYPEbull thru the genotype
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
lungs
bull Lung breath
bull Exchange of C02 to O2
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
heart
bull Pumps blood
bull Has valves that keep blood moving in th correct direction
bull Make the lub dub sound
bull Work with the lungs to bring old c02
bull Carries fresh 02 blood to the body
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
What is the difference
bull DNA RNAbull Guanine Guaninebull Thymine Uracilbull Cytosine Cytosinebull Adenine Adeninebull Double helix single strandDe oxyribose sugar ribose sugar Sugar and phosphate bonds
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Dna lives in the nucleus
And can never leave
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Scientific method
bull Theory- an explanation to a scientific
bull conclusion that has not been unproven
bull And has been proven over time
bull Hypothesis- an educated intelligent guess to a scientific question
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
RNA
bull mRNA messenger RNAndash Takes the message of DNA out of the nucleus in to
the cytoplasmndash Transcription- takes place into the nucleusndash rRNA- forms ribosomes- travel on endoplasmic
reticulum where they make proteinsndash tRNa- transfer RNA- brings the nucleotides
(GCUA)floating around the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can make amino acids into proteins
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Endocrine Glands
bull Help the nervous system control the body and maintain homeostasis
bull Many glands- thyroid breasts hypothalamus pituitary ovary adrenal
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Adrenal
bull Live on top of the kidney
bull help the body deal with stressbull ldquofight or flightrdquobull Help the body use all of itrsquos energy to deal
with a sudden stressbull Make the hormone adrenaline and
epinephrine
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Nervous system
bull Helps the body communicate with itself and with the outside world
bull Respondbull Send signalsbull Sensory nerves pick up the message and
send it to the central nervous systembull The Motor nerves send the message from
the spinal cord or brain to the body to respond
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Reflex Arc
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=xx--f9Y8wjgampNR=1tpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=yeGyUXywnFI
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bull Plants breathe out O2 and breathe in CO2
bull Animals breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2 bull Animals breathe in the 02 with their lungsbull (respiratory system) bull The lungs connect with the blood which goes
through the heart so the o2 travels all over the body in the blood Then it collects
bull all of the debris in the CO2 and send back to heart ands then the lungs and then you breathe it out
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Homeostasis
How the body keeps everything the same all of the time
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=H4Xi1R_pJKUampplaynext=1amplist=PL3F17F0D24B2075E8
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Enzymes
Protein substances that start or speed up a reaction
bull Based on pH (very small range 6-7)
bull temperature 978
bull very specific site (lock and key)
bull lower the reaction ratebull (activatiaton rate)
bull
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
mitochondria
bull Make and store energy
bull Break down glucose
bull Stores it as ATP adenosine tri phosphate
bull Has itrsquos own DNA
bull Inherited from your mother
bull Plants have mitochondria and chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Chloroplasts
bull Chloroplasts have chlorophill andash green pigment
bull Which absorbs the light
bull Then it makes energy out of it
bull which is stored as glucose and ATP
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
zygote
bull Egg + sperm -gt zygote
bull gametes
bull Haploid + haploid -gt diploid
bull Zygote-embryo-fetus-baby
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
reproduction
bull Bacteria- binary fission-asexual
bull Gametes-meiosis
bull Autosomes- mitosis
bull Some plants send out runners to reproduce-asexual
bull Sexual reproduction must have a sperm and egg
bull Virus must use the invaded host
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
phenotype
bull Genotype- gene pool
bull Phenotype- physical expression
bull Evolutionary mutation always affects the phenotype
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
heterozygous
bull A fatal recessive allele (ff)will always stay alive in a population because it will be carried in the heterozygous alleles (Ff)
bull It keeps the traits alive
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Mendels laws
Law of Independent assortment- ndash Inheritance of traits is independent of each
otherndash Blue eyes and black hair are not inherited
togetherndash Law of Segregation- two alleles separate
when gametes are formedndash Mother and father alleles separate
Dominance- Dominant rules
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
ecology
bull The strength of an ecosystem is based on the ability of the producers to make energy and the
bull Decomposers to break down dead matter ndash To return the energy to the food webchainndash Detrivores eat dead stuff--vultures
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
10 rule
bull In an energy pyramid every level up losses 90 of the energy as heat---
bull So only 10 is usable
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Nucleic acids-gt DNA-gt amino acid-gt protein-gt everything alive
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
56 Which body systems work together most directly with the digestive system to send messages that the body needs food
a pituitary and skeletalb nervous and endocrinec muscular and circulatoryd endocrine and immune
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
b nervous and endocrine
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
mutations can provide genetic diversity they are not always lethal or bad
Mutation is how changes happen
It is how a species makes the changes it needs
Mutation always works on the phenotype
That is what needs to change
( longer necks darker wings drought resistant plants
MUTATATIONS
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
diversity creates more survival likelihood
The more choices the better
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Reflex arc
Stimulus-gtsensory neuron-gtinterneuron-gtmotor neuron-gtresponse
The Interneurons relay signals between The sensory neuron and the motor neuron
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bull Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms
bull A herbivores
bull B producers
bull C parasites and viruses
bull D Fungi and bacteria
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bull D fungi and bacteria are decompsers
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bull Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from the other subspecies of giraffes
bull A available niches
bull B existing predators
bull C chromosome number
bull D available food resources
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bull C chromosome number
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
raquo In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited
raquocondition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that
bull A are heterozygous for the diseasebull B have the disease themselvesbull C produce new mutations for this diseasebull D are closely interbred
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bull A are heterozygous for the disease
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele (a) is lethal in homozygous individuals (aa) whereas heterozygous individuals (Aa) have no symptoms Based on this information which of the following is likely to result
raquoA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoB The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes
raquoC Only homozygous dominant (AA) individuals will survive
raquoD The prevalence of the disorder will increase over time
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bullA The disorder will quickly be eliminated since no recessive homozygotes will survive to reproduce
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
raquoMutations within a DNA sequence are
raquoA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoB natural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoC unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype
raquoD unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bullA natural processes that produce genetic diversity
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
raquoWhich of these best illustrates natural
raquoselection raquoA An organism with favorable genetic
variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoB A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat forcing other species to migrate
raquoC A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes
raquoD The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bullA An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
raquoA species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years Since the island is small the lineage of every bird for several generations is known This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed Some family groups have survived and others have died out The groups that survive probably have
raquoA interbred with other speciesraquoB inherited some advantageous
variationsraquoC found new places on the island to liveraquoD been attacked by more predators
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bullB inherited some advantageous variations
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
raquoA population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members After several generations the termite population consists almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate This situation is an example of
raquoA the evolution of a new speciesraquo B natural selectionraquoC artificial selectionraquoD adaptive radiation
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bullB natural selection
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
raquoEarth has undergone some catastrophic
raquochanges from time to time Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes
raquoA Dominant species had a slow mutation rate
raquo B Many species filled the same nicheraquoC A strong species had many different raquocharacteristicsraquo D A wide diversity of species existed
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
raquoD A wide diversity of species existed
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
raquo A small population of chimpanzees lives in a
raquo habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period How will genetic drift probably affect this population
ndash A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
ndash B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits
ndash C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
ndash D It will reduce genetic diversity
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
raquoA small portion of a population that is
raquogeographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
raquoA genetic driftraquoB mutation rateraquoC natural selectionraquo D genetic variation
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
raquoD genetic variation
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
raquo A single species of squirrel evolved over time raquo into two species each on opposite sides of the
Grand Canyon This change was most likely due to
raquo A higher mutation rates on one sideraquo B low genetic diversity in the initial populationraquo C the isolation of the two groupsraquo D differences in reproductive rates
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bull C the isolation of the two groups
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
raquo If a paleontologist finds fossils of many raquo different species existing in the same
area raquo at approximately the same time the
paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation
B episodic speciation
C biological diversity
D geographic isolation
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bull C biological diversity
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
raquo The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of
raquo information from raquo A stretch receptorsraquo B chemical receptorsraquo C hormone receptorsraquo D thermal receptors
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bull B chemical receptors
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
raquo A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the raquo central nervous system by raquo A feedback loopsraquo B sensory neuronsraquo C nephron tubulesraquo D receptor proteins
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bull B sensory neurons
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
raquoFossil evidence suggests that a number of
raquomembers of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley California became several isolated species Each of these new species lived in a different pond Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation
raquoA episodic isolationraquo B temporal isolation raquoC geographic isolationraquoD behavioral isolation
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
bullC geographic isolation
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
raquo Which of the following is a function of the nervous system
raquo A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract raquo C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle
tissues raquo D increasing cellular respiration in muscle
tissues
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
raquo B signaling muscle tissues to contract
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization the probability of producing a female is
A 25 B 50 C 75 D 9033
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
B 50
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the dominant form (B) or the recessive form (b) The length of the catiacutes fur is controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form (S) or the recessive form (s) The table below shows the traits for these allele codes
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
1113088 Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait This hypothesis is supported by the observation that A haploid cells are produced by mitosis B diploid cells are produced by mitosis C haploid cells are produced by meiosis D diploid cells are produced by meiosis
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
C haploid cells are produced by meiosis
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased A genetic drift B mutation rate C natural selection D genetic variation
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
D genetic variation
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
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- Slide 133
-
1In a eukaryotic cell for mRNA to be translated into proteina dna must be replicated
b the mRNA must replicate itself
c a ribosome must bind to the endoplasmic reticulum
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
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- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
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- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
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- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
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- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
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- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
d the mRNA must be transported to the ribosome
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Ribosomehas genetic information
Made in the nucleolus ribosome factory3 typesOn the rer rough endoplasmic reticulum-protein factory
Protein factory
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
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- Slide 103
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- Slide 106
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- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
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- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
What are the properties and functions of the Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipidsHeads and tailsSemi permeableProtein channels for big stuff
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
ChonCarbon OxygenHydrogenNitrogen
The main elements that make up everything alive
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Tubes in the bodyArteries o2 bloodVeins co2 bloodLymph wbc immuneTendons attaches muscles to bonesMuscle attached to bones to move the bodyNerves communication network CNS-brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
- Slide 79
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Slide 87
- Slide 88
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
- Slide 92
- Slide 93
- Slide 94
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Slide 97
- Slide 98
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
PhotosynthesisLight synthesis-Putting together lightProcess that converts light energy into chemical energyE of the SUN + CO2 + H20 sugar + O2The actual formula is
6 CO2 + 6H20 C6 H12 O6 + 6 02 6 carbon + 6 water light sugar + 6 oxygen dioxide energy
Photosynthesis ultimately clean all of the toxins out of the atmosphere
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- Slide 74
- Slide 75
- Slide 76
- Slide 77
- Slide 78
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- Slide 133
-
Survival of a species has to do with a high population and high variation
Lots of people bigger gene pool to pick fromrsquomore choices more variationBetter chance of survival
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
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- Slide 114
- Slide 115
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- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Rocks tell about the earthrsquos history
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
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- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Decomposers bacteria fungi earthworms
Keep everything broken down and back into the circle of life
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
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- Slide 120
- Slide 121
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- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Biotic=life
Abiotic not life--rocks water dirt
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
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- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Plants have cell membranes and cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
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- Slide 73
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- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
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- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- Slide 91
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- Slide 95
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- Slide 99
- Slide 100
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- Slide 113
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- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
4 macromolecules of life
The building blocks that everything is made of
ProteinCarbohydratesFats (lipids or triglycerides)
Nucleic Acids--DNA cgat cgau
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
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- Slide 76
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- Slide 81
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- Slide 85
- Slide 86
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- Slide 88
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- Slide 95
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- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
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- Slide 103
- Slide 104
- Slide 105
- Slide 106
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
- Slide 116
- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
Heterozygous both the same
Homozygous--both are different
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
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- Slide 75
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- Slide 89
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- Slide 110
- Slide 111
- Slide 112
- Slide 113
- Slide 114
- Slide 115
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- Slide 117
- Slide 118
- Slide 119
- Slide 120
- Slide 121
- Slide 122
- Slide 123
- Slide 124
- Slide 125
- Slide 126
- Slide 127
- Slide 128
- Slide 129
- Slide 130
- Slide 131
- Slide 132
- Slide 133
-
- Test Review
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Bacteria
- Good bacteria
- BAD BACTERIA
- virus
- Slide 9
- Bacteriophages
- Immune system
- Specific response
- Antigens
- Antibody
- Antibodies
- Antibiotic
- -
- Slide 18
- HIV
- Slide 20
- Mutations
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- movement
- Slide 28
- Active transport
- Natural selection
- evolution
- Slide 32
- lungs
- heart
- What is the difference
- Slide 36
- Scientific method
- Slide 38
- RNA
- Endocrine Glands
- Adrenal
- Nervous system
- Reflex Arc
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Enzymes
- mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- zygote
- Slide 51
- reproduction
- phenotype
- heterozygous
- Mendels laws
- ecology
- 10 rule
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
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