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TESTED: .22-Caliber Wildcats!

ControllingCast BulletExpansion

4 Handloader 260

AMMUNAMMUNITITIONON REL RELOADING NG JOJOURURNAL AL

June 2009Volume 44, Number 3

ISSN 0017-7393 Issue No. 260

Background Photo: © 2009 Ron Spomer

30 Locked-BreechPistolsPistol Pointers -Charles E. Petty

32 Ruger New ModelBlackhawk.44 SpecialFinally . . .After 54 YearsBrian Pearce

44 Cast Bullet ExpansionImprovedPerformanceOptionsJohn Haviland

52 Easy WildcatsPlus OneA Collection of .22sStan Trzoniec

62 .30 CarbinePart II: HandgunsMike Venturino

70 .223Wrap-UpThe LastWordCharles E. Petty

8 Mountain GunsReloader’s Press -Dave Scovill

12 Short Cartridgesand LongerChambersBullets & Brass -Brian Pearce

16 Shrapnel’sBargainMike’s Shootin’Shack -Mike Venturino

18 Caliber .45Model of 1909Cartridge Board -Gil Sengel

22 CountersunkChambersFrom the Hip -Brian Pearce

26 Winchester’sAutoCompPropellant Profiles -R.H. VanDenburg, Jr.

Page 52 . . .

Page 62 . . .

Page 44 . . .

76 Understandingthe 454424Reader Research -Roger Smith

79 Website ShowcaseSpecial AdvertisingSection -

80 Forster NATO ChamberHeadspace GaugesInside Product News -Clair Rees

84 Speer ReloadingManual #14Book Reviews -R.H. VanDenburg, Jr.

86 Redding CaseNeck GaugeProduct Tests -R.H. VanDenburg, Jr.

Publisher of Handloader™ is not responsible for mishaps of any nature that might occur from use of publishedloading data or from recommendations by any member of The Staff. No part of this publication may be reproducedwithout written permission from the publisher. Publisher assumes all North American Rights upon acceptance andpayment for all manuscripts. Although all possible care is exercised, the publisher cannot accept responsibility forlost or mutilated manuscripts.

Issue No. 260 June 2009

AMMUNAMMUNITITIONON REL RELOADING NG JOJOURURNALALPublisher/President – Don Polacek

Associate Publisher – Mark Harris

Editor in Chief – Dave Scovill

Managing Editor – Roberta Scovill

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Production Director – Becky Pinkley

Contributing EditorsAssociate Editor – Al Miller

John Haviland Ron SpomerBrian Pearce Stan TrzoniecCharles E. Petty R.H. VanDenburg, Jr.Clair Rees Mike VenturinoGil Sengel Ken Waters

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Handloader® (ISSN 0017-7393) is published bi-monthly by Polacek Publishing Corporation, dbaWolfe Publishing Company (Don Polacek, Pres -ident), 2625 Stearman Rd., Ste. A, Prescott, Arizona86301 (also publisher of Rifle® magazine). Tele -phone: (928) 445-7810. Periodical Postage paid atPrescott, Arizona, and additional mailing offices.Subscription prices: U.S. possessions – single issue,$5.99; 6 issues, $22.97; 12 issues, $39.00. Foreignand Canada – single issue, $5.99; 6 issues $29.00; 12issues, $51.00. Please allow 8-10 weeks for firstissue. Advertising rates furnished on request. Allrights reserved.Change of address: Please give six weeks notice.

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Page 52Page 76Page 44

Background Photo: © 2009 Ron Spomer6 Handloader 260

On the cover . . .The new Lipsey’s Ruger Blackhawk.44 Special is available with 45⁄8- and51⁄2-inch barrels. The Smith & Wesson.45 Colt Mountain Gun and 51⁄2-inchbarreled Blackhawk feature Herrett’sCustom stocks. Pistol photosby G. Hudson.

Page 76 . . .

16 Handloader 260

Last winter I was at a Mon-

tana gun show but was feel-ing rather peaked. Instead ofwandering the tables, I was sit-ting and visiting with my long-time friend Shrapnel, on whom Ibestowed that nickname becausea few years back he blew up twovaluable guns. In our conversa-tion he mentioned that there wasa good deal at the show on a ColtSAA. He suggested we go look itover together.

We did. It was obviously a partsgun consisting of an early 1890’srecasehardened frame, a nickel-plated, ill-fitting trigger guard,but with a very good conditionbarrel stamped on the left side“COLT FRONTIER SIX SHOOTER.”For the uninitiated, Colt only putthat marking on single actionschambered for .44 WCF/.44-40.My buddy Shrapnel is nothing ifnot a .44-40 fan. That seller had aprice tag of $825 on it, which did-n’t seem too bad in this day andage. Incidentally, I also noticedthe same guy had a new-in-the-box 3rd Generation Colt SAA .45for only $1,100. You’ll see the sig-nificance of that shortly.

Shrapnel felt that the put-to-gether Colt “spoke to him,” as wegun guys often say about some-thing we want to buy anyway. I don’t know what he heard, but

I now suspect it was scream-ing, “Sucker!” Iwent back to histable to rest, andshortly beforethe end of theshow, Shrapnelcame back car-rying that Coltwith its price tagstill dangling. Hewas smiling ashe said, “I got theguy down to $600! Can you be-lieve that?” Actually I was start-ing to be impressed too. And in afit of very uncharacteristic gen-erosity, I offered to give him aColt backstrap and trigger guardfrom a 1914-vintage Peacemakerthat blew apart on me in 1991.(Shrapnel isn’t the only one whoexperiences costly mishaps.)

The next day he called me whileI was sitting here at the key-board, and a little of his good-deal elation was gone. He asked,“Did you notice that the tag onthat Colt said it was a .44 Spe-cial?” Actually, I had not, but I’ve

got a fine ex-cuse because Iwasn’t feeling

good. Shrapnel isn’t much of a.44 Special fan, so he asked,“That .44 Special cylinder couldbe bored out to .44-40 couldn’tit?” Without giving the idea anythought, I agreed that it could,since the base of a .44-40 is muchwider in diameter than a .44 Spe-cial. Considering that neither ofus consulted a manual with car-tridge drawings, that conversa-tion could be termed “when twofools met.”

So next, Shrapnel visited a mu-tual friend who also does gun-smith work and who owned a.44-40 chambering reamer. Thegunsmith thought he should lookat some cartridge drawings as hehad never rechambered a .44Special cylinder to .44-40 before,but Shrapnel assured him it wasokay.

It wasn’t. A .44 Special cartridgemeasures .457 inch just ahead ofthe rim, while a .44-40 is indeedbigger at .471 inch. But get downto the diameter at the case mouthand things change. Then the .44Special case diameter is still at

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MIKE’S SHOOTIN’ SHACK by Mike Venturino • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

SHRAPNEL’S BARGAIN

This is the ColtSAA made of

various parts thatShrapnel bought

as a “bargain.”

By having thiscylinder recham-bered to .44-40,Shrapnel turneda perfectly use-ful .44 Specialto a perfectlyuseless one.

.457 inch as opposed to the .44-40at .443 inch. (Figures taken fromcartridge drawings in Lyman’s

49th Edition Reloading Hand-

book.)

When Shrapnel fired .44-40rounds in his rechambered cylin-der, the cases blew out tostraight cylinders with a smallconstricted area right at thechamber mouth. Looking at hisfirst fired cases, he said it wasone of those “Oh, no!” moments.The rechambered cylinder wasuseless, and the only thing thatcould be done with it would be tohave it recut to .45 Colt. That cer-tainly isn’t cost effective.

The only remedy then forShrapnel’s bargain at this pointwas a new .44-40 cylinder. Thenhe had to have the gunsmith fit ittoo. So let’s look at the financesof this project for a moment. Thegun itself cost $600. Rechamber-ing the .44 Special cylinder to .44-40 cost $100. The new .44-40

cylinder cost $200, and the gun-smith fee to fit it was $75. Sonow that “good deal” parts Coltis only $125 behind what thatsame seller wanted for a brand-new, in-the-box Colt SAA .45.And remember I gave him thebackstrap and trigger guard.

June-July 2009 17www.handloadermagazine.com

With the barrel turned so thatthe front sight points this far left,the Colt still has a point of im-pact about 3 inches left of pointof aim.

But we’re not done. He finallygot around to shooting it onpaper at 25 yards, and at first itspoint of aim was okay for eleva-tion but a full 4 inches left withthe barrel turned so the frontsight pointed to 12 o’clock. Heused a set of hardwood rosin-coated blocks to turn the barrelso the front sight leaned an ob-jectionable amount to the left.Yesterday he brought it here tomy range to test fire. It still putsits shots a good 2 to 3 inches left.He says in disgust he’s given up.Short of bending the barrelthere’s no way to get it hittingpoint of aim, so he’s just going tosell it.

When he was ready to leave, Iasked him to leave the Colt herefor a few days, so Yvonne couldphotograph it; because I said thiswhole affair would make toogood a column for me to pass up.Besides, I’ve got to get my back-strap and trigger guard back be-fore he sells it! •

For example, an 1895 Marlin .45-70 becomes a ver-satile hunting cartridge by altering the nose of itsbullets. With the original flatnose 405-grain bullet,expansion is minimal and the bullet penetratesdeeply. However, expansion and width of the bulletpath are greatly increased by casting a soft leadnose, splitting the nose or using a bullet with a hol-low point. That additional spread of the bullet canhelp quickly put down big game, especially withbullets of smaller diameter.

For this article I used several methods to expandthe use of cast bullets in the .45-70, .375 Winchesterand .30-30 Winchester.

NOSE DESIGN

AND LEAD ALLOYS

If you start with a large-caliber, cast lead alloy bul-let, like the .45-70, you really don’t have to concernyourself too much with bullet expansion. An elk isgoing to spring an incurable leak with a .45-caliberhole drilled through it. That is, if that large diameterbullet has a fairly flat nose to cut a full diameterhole. Perhaps that punch is the result of the sharpedge of the junction of the flat and the ogive.Roundnose and sharp-tipped bullets jab more thancut, and the resulting hole seems much smallerthan the bullet’s diameter.

Say your favorite deer rifle is chambered for asmaller caliber, like the .30-30 Winchester, wherebullet expansion is required to make a quicklykilling wound. Or maybe you would like your large-caliber bullet to upset at least somewhat to producea wider cutting wound when it meets light resist-ance, like a broadside lung shot on a deer.

Casting these bullets of a relatively soft lead alloy

John Haviland

The relatively slow velocityimparted to cast bulletsoften reduces their abilityto expand on game. Adjust-

ing the ability of a bullet to expanda little or a lot, however, can makea cartridge and bullet useful for avariety of hunting purposes.

like wheelweights, or even seven parts wheel-weights to three parts lead, helps them open up.For this article I used wheelweights with two per-cent tin added. According to a SAECO bullet hard-ness tester, the bullets had a Brinell hardnessnumber (BHN) of 12.

High velocity, of course, helps a bullet expand, buttoo much velocity generates more pressure andspeed than the bullet can withstand and accuracydeteriorates. A muzzle velocity of about 2,000 fps isnear maximum for accuracy to be maintained withalloys soft enough to readily expand. The velocitieslisted for most of the loads in the table are the im-pact speeds the various bullets achieved at 100yards. For example, the Lyman .375-caliber 375449had a muzzle velocity of 1,900 fps from the 20-inchbarrel of my Winchester Big Bore Model 94. At 100yards, the bullet slowed to 1,670 fps.

CastBul Ex

44 Handloader 260www.handloadermagazine.com

To take a bull elk with a cast bullet, it mustexpand yet penetrate deeply. A heavy bulletwith a wide, flat nose cast of a soft lead alloymight be the best remedy for a big bull.

One recovered .30-caliber bulletended up similar to the.375 and .45 bullets.

T

letpansion

Improved Performance Options


With an impact speed of only 1,300 fps, Gould’s45-330 Express bullet blew a wide, deep hole in awax tube.

This hole was punched with a 268-grain bullet froma .375 Winchester.

Handloader 260

The three white-tailed deer myson and I have shot with thisLyman bullet stood from 40 to 75yards away. Shot broadsidethrough the lungs, the deer ranperhaps 60 yards before they fell.However, two of the deer werestill alive, although barely, by thetime we reached them. The deerhad quarter-sized holes punchedthrough them. With no recoveredbullets to examine, I wonderedwhether the bullets had ex-panded all that much.

UNALTERED FLATPOINTS

I shot a few of these Lyman bul-lets into wax tubes, with no alter-ation to their noses, with animpact velocity of 1,640 fps. Thiswax provided more resistancethan the ribs and lungs of a deer,so I took the results with a grainof salt, figuring bullet expansionwould be somewhat less througha deer. Shot into the wax, thenose of one bullet had expanded

and sheared off, while the noseof the second bullet had peeledback and then broken off on oneside.

Similar results occurred withthe SAECO 180-grain flatnose firedthrough the .30-30. As the bulletexpanded, it had a fairly widemushroom after penetrating sev-eral inches into the wax. Beyondinitial expansion, several piecesof the nose were sheared off.

Last deer season my son shotthe SAECO 180-grain FPGC castof wheelweights with a muzzlevelocity of 1,959 fps from the24-inch barrel of a WinchesterModel 94 .30-30. He shot a doeslightly turned away from about60 yards, and it fell dead right onthe spot. The bullet went highthrough the lungs and clippedthe scapula on the far side. Thewound contained quite a bit ofgelatinous blood. The bulletmust have expanded an extremeamount on the scapula, becausethe exit hole was unusually large,about like that produced by a150-grain jacketed bullet fired at3,000 fps from a .30-06.

When they hit the wax, theRCBS-405-FN bullets smashed

46 www.handloadermagazine.com

CastBulletExpansion

Above, a .45-70, like the Marlin 1895, loaded withhollowpoint bullets will work well on deer at ex-tended ranges. Right, this Winchester Model 94 .375Winchester is loaded with 268-grain flatnose, castbullets. Unaltered bullets penetrate well in game or, by altering thenose, will also leave a wide wound channel.

Placing a soft, lead ball in thenose of a mould then pouring inlead to fill it is one method ofmaking a softnose bullet. Bulletsfrom the .45-caliber mould, how-ever, came out ugly, at best.

Drilling a hollow in the nose of a405-grain, .45-caliber bulletaided expansion.


back about three-quarters oftheir nose. The retained weightof three recovered bullets variedbetween 80 and 86 percent, andtheir final expanded diameterwas only slightly wider than bul-let diameter. However, the widechannels through the wax showed

the bullets had expanded well.Penetration was phenomenal,with the bullets blowing clearthrough a wax tube and eightinches into a bundle of dry news-papers. This big bullet was agood candidate for more ex-pansion.

SPLIT NOSE

Old Ideal reloading manualsshow pictures of bullets thathave been cast with a piece ofpaper placed in the mould tosplit the nose. However, the man-uals do not include any informa-tion on exactly how this wasdone. I cut some paper strips .003to .004 inch thick to fit in the .30-,.375- and .45-caliber moulds.Fractures that wide would cer-tainly help a bullet expand. How-ever, the moulds would not fullyclose with the paper between thehalves. The result would be outof round bullets that would neverhit, even remotely, close to thetarget.

I finally settled on .001 inchthick aluminum foil. The mouldsfully closed with a strip of foil be-tween the halves. How wide thefoil strips were cut depended on

the position of a mould’s align-ment pins. For instance, theSAECO .30-caliber, 180-grainFPGC and RCBS-405-FN moulds’alignment pins are positionednear the bottom of the blocks.That location allows placing afoil strip wide enough to splitsome or the entire length of thenose. A strip .23 inch wide splitthe entire length of the nose ofthe .30-caliber bullet. The samewidth strip in the RCBS mouldsplit about three-quarters of thelength of the nose. On the otherhand, the Lyman .375-caliber375449 mould’s alignment pinsare located higher up, oppositeof about the middle of the nose.That allowed placing a foil stripto divide about half the length of

The bullet on the right was castfrom a Lyman 457122 FN HPmould. A similar bullet (left)mushroomed nearly flat, eventhough its impact speed was only1,300 fps.

A soft, lead alloy helps bullets re-main ductile and stay togetherduring expansion. This bullet wascast of three parts lead to sevenparts wheelweights. Harder al-loys often cause the expandedpart of the bullet to break off.

With an unaltered flat point at animpact speed of 1,520 fps this ishow the RCBS-405-FN bullet ex-panded.

This is how the RCBS-405-FNbullet expanded with a holedrilled in its flat nose.

Splitting the nose of the RCBS-405-FN bullet helped it expandon impact.

The bullet on the right had a noseof soft lead poured in the Lyman375449 FPGC mould. That helpedthe bullet expand readily; how-ever, the softnoses were lopsidedand shot inaccurately.

The wide flat on theRCBS-405-FN bullet

just begged for ahollow point.

Handloader 260

dered if the molten lead meltedthe aluminum foil and canceledthe attempt to place a hairlinefracture in the bullets. There wasno need to worry. The fractured.45-70 bullets expanded downnearly two-thirds of their length.The broadened portion of thebullets did break off deeply inthe wax. Perhaps a more ductilelead alloy would have kept thenose intact to produce a bulletwith a wider frontal diameter.However, the enlarged holesthrough the wax indicated thebullets had been more than aninch wide for most of their termi-nal journey.

The .375 bullet with a foil splitalso fully expanded its nose andpart way down its shank. I foundpieces of the broken-off, ex-panded portion of the bulletnearly at the end of the hole inthe wax. That suggests the bullethad stayed together for nearlyall its journey. Penetration wasless than with the unaltered bul-let, but the hole was somewhatlarger.

One recovered .30-caliber bulletended up similar to the .375 and.45 bullets, with expansion welldown into its shank. The nose ofa second bullet, though, mush-roomed and then one side splitoff nearly the entire length of thebullet. Perhaps once the fractureline started tearing, it just contin-ued down the bullet.

These split nose bullets are easyto cast, uniform in weight andlook and shoot just like regularbullets.

SOFTNOSE

I wish I could say the same forthe softnose bullets I cast. Theywere a pain to cast, varied con-siderably in weight and weredownright ugly.

Incorporating soft lead in thenose of a cast lead alloy bullethas been done for decades. Onemethod is to place a lead ball inthe nose of the mould and thenfill the mould with the harder

alloy. A second technique is topour in enough melted soft leadto form the nose and quicklyfollow it with a pour of harderlead alloy.

the nose. When casting, the stripswere placed against the align-ment pins so each split in the bul-let was straight and the samedepth.

Other than ever-so-slight lineson opposite sides of their noses,the bullets dropped from themoulds fully formed and beauti-ful to the eye of someone whodelights in making his own hunt-ing bullets. While casting, I won-


CastBulletExpansion

The SAECO 180-grain FPGC bulletexpanded – with an unaltered flatpoint at an impact speed of 1,630fps from the .30-30 Winchester.

The SAECO 180-grain FPGC bul-let from the .30-30 Winchesterexpanded with its flatnose split.

If you’re shooting a .45-caliber bul-let, left, you start out with a bulletas wide in diameter as expanded.375- and .30-caliber bullets.

This is how the Lyman 375449FPGC bullet from the .375 Win-chester expanded with an unal-tered flat point at an impactspeed of 1,670 fps.

The bullet on the right had itsnose split with a strip of foilplaced in the Lyman 375449FPGC mould. That helped expan-sion, and the bullets looked goodand shot well.

nose. Then he places the mouldright up to the jaws of the han-dles in the molten lead in his fur-nace until the lead in the nosehas melted. Then he pours in theharder lead. The pictures heposted show his bullets have noseams between the parts and arefully formed. I’m happy for him,but I am not going to risk warp-

ing a mould by placing it inmolten lead.

HOLLOWPOINT

The wide flat on the RCBS-405-FN bullet just begged for a hol-low point. I drilled a .135 inchdiameter hole .25 inch deep insome of the bullets. Drilling theholes in the center of the nose

I put a .429-inch lead roundballin the nose of the RCBS-405-FNmould and followed it with a sil-ver stream of wheelweights. Theresult was a bullet with a jaggededge of voids where the two partsmet. They varied so much inweight and were so hard on theeyes I tore out the roundballs anddropped the remainder of the bul-lets back in the melting pot.

The next route was the oldmethod of pouring in enoughmolten lead to form the nose andthen adding the harder lead alloy.Making these softnose bullets in-volved a lot of work. First I cutoff a .38 Special case to hold justenough lead to form the nose ofthe .375 bullet and put a wirehandle on it. Next, I melted leadin a pot on a Coleman stove. Witha steady hand I poured in thelead and then the harder lead.From the Lyman .375 mould,these bullets still had crookedseams between the two parts butwere much more fully formedthan the roundball bullets.

These softnose and split-nose.375 bullets performed approxi-mately the same. However, theaccuracy of the softnose bulletswas rather poor. That inaccuracywas no doubt caused by thevoids in the nose that made thebullets lopsided.

A fellow on the Internet site“Cast Boolits” says he pours inthe soft lead to form the bullet


Left, this foil strip split the nose of .45-caliber bulletscast in an RCBS-405-FN mould. Above, foil stripswere placed in moulds next to the alignment pins toensure the split was the same depth on every bullet.

Handloader 260

it with a heavy charge of powder“. . . thus securing a high rate ofvelocity, with a very flat trajec-tory and increased strikingpower.” The objective of the bul-let’s hollow point “. . . is to causethe bullet to flatten out or mush-room when hitting an animal . . .making a larger wound andbleeding the game freely. . . .”

I had always heard filling a hol-lowpoint with grease or waxhelped the bullet expand quicker.However, Barlow states, “. . . wethink best to have it filled, so asto prevent the action of air in thehole during flight.”

and to the same depth was fairlyeasy but time consuming with adrill press.

This hollow made the big .45-caliber bullet expand faster thanthe other methods. Chunks of theexpanded nose had torn off up tofive inches into the bullet chan-nel in the wax. The hole thosefirst few inches was also verywide. The recovered bullets hadmushroomed down half theirlength, well down the shank. Be-cause the nose of the bullets hadsheared off so soon, the bulletsretained relatively little frontalarea and continued to penetratedeeply. This bullet with a hollowpoint behaved a lot like a Nosler250-grain Partition bullet firedfrom a .338 Winchester Magnumat 2,700 fps.

The Gould’s 45-330 Express is ahollowpoint design that hasbeen around since at least the1880s. Today, Lyman makes its457122 mould to cast this classicbullet. According to The Ideal

Hand Book No. 11, published inthe 1890s by John Barlow, thepurpose of this relatively light-weight .45-caliber bullet is to fire

I loaded these Gould’s bullets,cast from the Lyman 457122 sin-gle-cavity mould, to have a strik-ing velocity of 1,300 fps. That’sabout the velocity the bulletshave at 175 yards when firedwith a maximum load from a rel-atively weak action like theSpringfield trapdoor. This hol-lowpoint bullet can reach 300 fpsfaster from a stronger action, likethe 1895 Marlin. However, at thathigh velocity, the bullet’s plainbase will deform and accuracywill suffer.

The .215 inch deep hollow onthe Lyman bullet generated goodupset. Two recovered bullets hadmushroomed nearly flat. Penetra-tion was rather shallow, butthat’s expected when the bulletsplowed a big hole in the wax.

So I’m going with these LymanGould’s hollowpoints for an easy-to-make and fast-expanding bul-let in the .45-70. For somewhatless but still plenty of expansion,the split nose bullets in .30, .375and .45 caliber are the answer,because they are so trouble-free to cast. And if the deepestpenetration is required with amoderate amount of expansion,unaltered flatnose bullets are thesolution.


The Gould’s 45-330 Express is a hollowpoint designthat has been around since at least the 1880s.

Expansion Chartimpact retained expanded

bullet velocity weight diameter penetration(grains) (fps) (percent) (inch) (inches)

.30-30 Winchester

180 SAECO FPGC split nose 1,630 79 .545 11180 SAECO FPGC unaltered 1,630 81 .438 13

.375 Winchester

266 Lyman 375449 FPGC softnose 1,670 66 .505 8266 Lyman 375449 FPGC split nose 1,670 62 .468 11266 Lyman 375449 FPGC unaltered 1,670 82 .470 15266 Lyman 375449 FPGC unaltered 1,840 77 .653 13

.45-70

336 Lyman 457122 flatnose hollowpoint 1,300 54 .622 7407 RCBS-405-FN unaltered 1,520 86 .605 19407 RCBS-405-FN split nose 1,520 70 .658 13407 RCBS-405-FN drilled hollowpoint 1,520 56 .500 15

CastBulletExpansion

•

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