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Textile and Fabric Finishing(Except Broadwoven Fabric)Mills

1997 Economic Census

Manufacturing

Industry Series

1997Issued October 1999

EC97M-3133B

U.S. Department of CommerceEconomics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

The staff of the Manufacturing and Con-struction Division prepared this report.Judy M. Dodds, Assistant Chief for Cen-sus and Related Programs, was respon-sible for the overall planning, manage-ment, and coordination. KennethHansen, Chief, Manufactured DurablesBranch, assisted by Mike Brown, ReneeColey, Raphael Corrado, and MilbrenThomas, Section Chiefs, Michael Zampo-gna, Former Chief, Manufactured Nondu-rables Branch, assisted by Allen Fore-man, Robert Miller, Robert Reinard,and Nat Shelton, Section Chiefs, and TomLee, Robert Rosati, and Tom Flood,Special Assistants, performed the planningand implementation. Stephanie Angel,Brian Appert, Stanis Batton, Carol Bea-sley, Chris Blackburn, Larry Blum-berg, Vera Harris-Bourne, BrendaCampbell, Suzanne Conard, VanceDavis, Mary Ellickson, Matt Gaines,Merry Glascoe, Kay Hanks, KarenHarshbarger, Nancy Higgins, JamesHinckley, Walter Hunter, Jim Jamski,Evelyn Jordan, Robert Lee, John Line-han, Paul Marck, Keith McKenzie,Philippe Morris, Joanna Nguyen, BettyPannell, Joyce Pomeroy, Venita Powell,Cynthia Ramsey, Chris Savage,Aronda Stovall, Sue Sundermann, Tha-nos Theodoropoulos, Dora Thomas,Ann Truffa, Ronanne Vinson, KeeleyVoor, Denneth Wallace, Tempie Whit-tington, Lissene Witt, and MikeYamaner provided primary staff assis-tance.

Brian Greenberg, Assistant Chief forResearch and Methodology Programs,assisted by Stacey Cole, Chief, Manufac-turing Programs Methodology Branch, andRobert Struble, Section Chief, providedthe mathematical and statistical tech-niques as well as the coverage operations.Jeffrey Dalzell and Cathy Ritenour pro-vided primary staff assistance.

Mendel D. Gayle, Chief, Forms, Publica-tions, and Customer Services Branch,assisted by Julius Smith Jr. and BarutiTaylor, Section Chiefs, performed overall

coordination of the publication process.Kim Credito, Patrick Duck, ChipMurph, Wanda Sledd, and VeronicaWhite provided primary staff assistance.

The Economic Planning and CoordinationDivision, Lawrence A. Blum, AssistantChief for Collection Activities and ShirinA. Ahmed, Assistant Chief for Post-Collection Processing, assisted by DennisShoemaker, Chief, Post-Collection CensusProcessing Branch, Brandy Yarbrough,Section Chief, Sheila Proudfoot, RichardWilliamson, Andrew W. Hait, and Jenni-fer E. Lins, was responsible for develop-ing the systems and procedures for datacollection, editing, review, correction anddissemination

The staff of the National Processing Center,Judith N. Petty, Chief, performed mailoutpreparation and receipt operations, clericaland analytical review activities, data key-ing, and geocoding review.

The Geography Division staff developedgeographic coding procedures and associ-ated computer programs.

The Economic Statistical Methods and Pro-gramming Division, Charles P. PautlerJr., Chief, developed and coordinated thecomputer processing systems. Martin S.Harahush, Assistant Chief for Quinquen-nial Programs, assisted by Barbara Lam-bert and Christina Arledge were respon-sible for design and implementation of thecomputer systems. Gary T. Sheridan,Chief, Manufacturing and ConstructionBranch, Lori A. Guido and Roy A. Smith,Section Chiefs, supervised the preparationof the computer programs.

Computer Services Division, Debra Will-iams, Chief, performed the computer pro-cessing.

The staff of the Administrative and Cus-tomer Services Division, Walter C. Odom,Chief, performed planning, design, compo-sition, editorial review, and printing plan-ning and procurement for publications,Internet products, and report forms.Cynthia G. Brooks provided publicationcoordination and editing.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Textile and Fabric Finishing(Except Broadwoven Fabric)

Mills

1997 Economic Census

Manufacturing

Industry Series

1997Issued October 1999

EC97M-3133B

U.S. Department of CommerceWilliam M. Daley,

SecretaryRobert L. Mallett,

Deputy Secretary

Economicsand Statistics

AdministrationRobert J. Shapiro,Under Secretary for

Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAUKenneth Prewitt,

Director

Paula J. Schneider,Principal Associate Directorfor Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker,Associate Directorfor Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg,Assistant Directorfor Economic Programs

William G. Bostic Jr.,Chief, Manufacturingand Construction Division

ECONOMICS

AND STATISTICS

ADMINISTRATION

Economicsand StatisticsAdministration

Robert J. Shapiro,Under Secretaryfor Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Kenneth Prewitt,Director

William G. Barron,Deputy Director

CONTENTS

Introduction to the Economic Census 1.............................Manufacturing 5.................................................

TABLES

1. Industry Statistics on NAICS Basis With Distribution Among1987 SIC~Based Industries: 1997 7.........................

2. Industry Statistics for Selected States: 1997 7.................3. Detailed Statistics by Industry: 1997 8........................4. Industry Statistics by Employment Size: 1997 10................5. Industry Statistics by Industry and Primary Product Class

Specialization: 1997 10.....................................6a. Products Statistics: 1997 and 1992 11.........................6b. Product Class Shipments for Selected States: 1997 and 1992 ~~.7. Materials Consumed by Kind: 1997 and 1992 12................

APPENDIXES

A. Explanation of Terms A–1.....................................B. NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions B–1......................C. Coverage and Methodology C–1................................D. Geographic Notes ~~........................................E. Metropolitan Areas ~~.......................................F. Footnotes for Products Statistics and Materials Consumed by

Kind ~~...................................................G. Comparability of Product Classes and Product Codes: 1997 to

1992 G–1...................................................

~~ Not applicable for this report.

MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES NAICS 313312 iiiU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Oct. 18, 1999

Introduction to the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts aboutthe structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. Itprovides essential information for government, business,industry, and the general public. Title 13 of the UnitedStates Code (Sections 131, 191, and 224) directs the Cen-sus Bureau to take the economic census every 5 years,covering years ending in 2 and 7.

The economic census furnishes an important part of theframework for such composite measures as the grossdomestic product estimates, input/output measures, pro-duction and price indexes, and other statistical series thatmeasure short-term changes in economic conditions. Spe-cific uses of economic census data include the following:

• Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government usethe data to monitor economic activity and assess theeffectiveness of policies.

• State and local governments use the data to assessbusiness activities and tax bases within their jurisdic-tions and to develop programs to attract business.

• Trade associations study trends in their own and com-peting industries, which allows them to keep their mem-bers informed of market changes.

• Individual businesses use the data to locate potentialmarkets and to analyze their own production and salesperformance relative to industry or area averages.

ALL-NEW INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONS

Data from the 1997 Economic Census are published pri-marily on the basis of the North American Industry Classi-fication System (NAICS), unlike earlier censuses, whichwere published according to the Standard Industrial Classi-fication (SIC) system. NAICS is in the process of beingadopted in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Mosteconomic census reports cover one of the following NAICSsectors:

21 Mining22 Utilities23 Construction31-33 Manufacturing42 Wholesale Trade44-45 Retail Trade48-49 Transportation and Warehousing51 Information

52 Finance and Insurance53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical

Services55 Management of Companies and Enterprises56 Administrative and Support and Waste

Management and Remediation Services61 Educational Services62 Health Care and Social Assistance71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation72 Accommodation and Foodservices81 Other Services (except Public Administration)

(Not listed above are the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, andHunting sector (NAICS 11), partially covered by the censusof agriculture conducted by the U.S. Department of Agri-culture, and the Public Administration sector (NAICS 92),covered by the census of governments conducted by theCensus Bureau.)

The 20 NAICS sectors are subdivided into 96 subsectors(three-digit codes), 313 industry groups (four-digit codes),and, as implemented in the United States, 1170 industries(five- and six-digit codes).

RELATIONSHIP TO SIC

While many of the individual NAICS industries corre-spond directly to industries as defined under the SIC sys-tem, most of the higher level groupings do not. Particularcare should be taken in comparing data for retail trade,wholesale trade, and manufacturing, which are sectortitles used in both NAICS and SIC, but cover somewhat dif-ferent groups of industries. The industry definitions dis-cuss the relationships between NAICS and SIC industries.Where changes are significant, it will not be possible toconstruct time series that include data for points bothbefore and after 1997.

For 1997, data for auxiliary establishments (those func-tioning primarily to manage, service, or support the activi-ties of their company’s operating establishments, such asa central administrative office or warehouse) will not beincluded in the sector-specific reports. These data will bepublished separately.

GEOGRAPHIC AREA CODING

Accurate and complete information on the physicallocation of each establishment is required to tabulate thecensus data for the states, metropolitan areas (MAs), coun-ties, parishes, and corporate municipalities including cit-ies, towns, villages, and boroughs. Respondents were

INTRODUCTION 11997 ECONOMIC CENSUS

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

required to report their physical location (street address,municipality, county, and state) if it differed from theirmailing address. For establishments not surveyed by mail(and those single-establishment companies that did notprovide acceptable information on physical location), loca-tion information from Internal Revenue Service tax formsis used as a basis for coding.

BASIS OF REPORTING

The economic census is conducted on an establishmentbasis. A company operating at more than one location isrequired to file a separate report for each store, factory,shop, or other location. Each establishment is assigned aseparate industry classification based on its primary activ-ity and not that of its parent company.

DOLLAR VALUES

All dollar values presented are expressed in current dol-lars; i.e., 1997 data are expressed in 1997 dollars, and1992 data, in 1992 dollars. Consequently, when makingcomparisons with prior years, users of the data shouldconsider the changes in prices that have occurred.

All dollar values are shown in thousands of dollars.

AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL DATA

Reports in Print and Electronic Media

All results of the 1997 Economic Census are availableon the Census Bureau Internet site (www.census.gov) andon compact discs (CD-ROM) for sale by the Census Bureau.Unlike previous censuses, only selected highlights arepublished in printed reports. For more information, includ-ing a description of electronic and printed reports beingissued, see the Internet site, or write to U.S. CensusBureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300, or call CustomerServices at 301-457-4100.

Special Tabulations

Special tabulations of data collected in the 1997 Eco-nomic Census may be obtained, depending on availabilityof time and personnel, in electronic or tabular form. Thedata will be summaries subject to the same rules prohibit-ing disclosure of confidential information (including name,address, kind of business, or other data for individualbusiness establishments or companies) that govern theregular publications.

Special tabulations are prepared on a cost basis. Arequest for a cost estimate, as well as exact specificationson the type and format of the data to be provided, shouldbe directed to the Chief of the division named below, U.S.Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300. To discuss aspecial tabulation before submitting specifications, callthe appropriate division:

Manufacturing and Construction Division 301-457-4673Service Sector Statistics Division 301-457-2668

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integratedprogram at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for1954, 1958, and 1963. Prior to that time, individual com-ponents of the economic census were taken separately atvarying intervals.

The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing wereincluded with those for population. Coverage of economicactivities was expanded for the 1840 Decennial Censusand subsequent censuses to include mining and somecommercial activities. The 1905 Manufactures Census wasthe first time a census was taken apart from the regulardecennial population census. Censuses covering retail andwholesale trade and construction industries were added in1930, as were some covering service trades in 1933. Cen-suses of construction, manufacturing, and the other busi-ness service censuses were suspended during World WarII.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to befully integrated: providing comparable census data acrosseconomic sectors, using consistent time periods, con-cepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. Itwas the first census to be taken by mail, using lists offirms provided by the administrative records of other Fed-eral agencies. Since 1963, administrative records alsohave been used to provide basic statistics for very smallfirms, reducing or eliminating the need to send them cen-sus questionnaires.

The range of industries covered in the economic cen-suses expanded between 1967 and 1992. The census ofconstruction industries began on a regular basis in 1967,and the scope of service industries, introduced in 1933,was broadened in 1967, 1977, and 1987. While a fewtransportation industries were covered as early as 1963, itwas not until 1992 that the census broadened to includeall of transportation, communications, and utilities. Alsonew for 1992 was coverage of financial, insurance, andreal estate industries. With these additions, the economiccensus and the separate census of governments and cen-sus of agriculture collectively covered roughly 98 percentof all economic activity.

Printed statistical reports from the 1992 and earliercensuses provide historical figures for the study of long-term time series and are available in some large libraries.All of the census reports printed since 1967 are still avail-able for sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.CD-ROMs issued from the 1987 and 1992 Economic Cen-suses contain databases including nearly all data pub-lished in print, plus additional statistics, such as ZIP Codestatistics, published only on CD-ROM.

2 INTRODUCTION 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classifica-tion system, data items, and publications for each of theeconomic censuses and related surveys is published in theGuide to the 1997 Economic Census and Related Statisticsat www.census.gov/econguide. More information on themethodology, procedures, and history of the censuses willbe published in the History of the 1997 Economic Censusat www.census.gov/econ/www/history.html.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used withthe 1997 Economic Census data:

A Standard error of 100 percent or more.D Withheld to avoid disclosing data of individual

companies; data are included in higher leveltotals.

F Exceeds 100 percent because data includeestablishments with payroll exceeding rev-enue.

N Not available or not comparable.Q Revenue not collected at this level of detail for

multiestablishment firms.S Withheld because estimates did not meet

publication standards.

V Represents less than 50 vehicles or .05percent.

X Not applicable.Y Disclosure withheld because of insufficient

coverage of merchandise lines.Z Less than half the unit shown.a 0 to 19 employees.b 20 to 99 employees.c 100 to 249 employees.e 250 to 499 employees.f 500 to 999 employees.g 1,000 to 2,499 employees.h 2,500 to 4,999 employees.i 5,000 to 9,999 employees.j 10,000 to 24,999 employees.k 25,000 to 49,999 employees.l 50,000 to 99,999 employees.m 100,000 employees or more.p 10 to 19 percent estimated.q 20 to 29 percent estimated.r Revised.s Sampling error exceeds 40 percent.nec Not elsewhere classified.nsk Not specified by kind.– Represents zero (page image/print only).(CC) Consolidated city.(IC) Independent city.

INTRODUCTION 31997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


This page is intentionally blank.

4 INTRODUCTION 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


Manufacturing

SCOPE

The 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing covers allmanufacturing establishments with one or more paidemployees. Manufacturing is defined as the mechanical,physical, or chemical transformation of materials or sub-stances into new products. The assembly of componentsinto new products is also considered manufacturing,except when it is appropriately classified as construction.

Establishments in the manufacturing sector are oftendescribed as plants, factories, or mills and typically usepower-driven machines and materials-handling equipment.Also included in the manufacturing sector are some estab-lishments that make products by hand, like custom tailorsand the makers of custom draperies. While manufacturerstypically do not sell to the public, some establishmentslike bakeries and candy stores that make products on thepremises may be included.

While logging and publishing are no longer in the scopeof manufacturing, data for these industries are included inthe manufacturing industry reports, but are not includedin the manufacturing state, summary, and other reports.

GENERAL

This report, from the 1997 Economic Census – Manufac-turing, is one of a series of 480 industry reports and 51geographic area reports, each of which provides statisticsfor individual industries or states, respectively. Seven ofthe industry reports are for industries no longer in themanufacturing sector but are included with manufacturingfor the 1997 census year. Also included for this sector areGeneral, Product, and Materials Consumed Summaryreports, a special report on Concentration Ratios in Manu-facturing, and data files on Location of ManufacturingPlants.

Each industry report presents data for a six-digit NorthAmerican Industry Classification System (NAICS) industry.A description of the particular NAICS industry may befound in Appendix B. These reports include such statisticsas number of establishments, employment, payroll, valueadded by manufacture, cost of materials consumed, valueof shipments, capital expenditures, etc. Explanations ofthese and other terms may be found in Appendix A. Theindustry reports also include data for states with 100employees or more in the industry.

State reports, which include the District of Columbia,present similar statistics at the ‘‘all manufacturing’’ levelfor each state and its metropolitan areas (MAs) with 250

employees or more, and for counties, consolidated cities,and places with 500 employees or more. The state reportsalso include six-digit NAICS level data for industries with100 employees or more in the state.

The General Summary report contains industry and geo-graphic area statistics summarized in one report. Itincludes higher levels of aggregation than the industryand state reports, as well as revisions to the data madeafter the release of the industry and state reports.

The Products and Materials Consumed reports summa-rize the products and materials data published in theindustry reports. The Product Summary report alsoincludes data from the Current Industrial Reports (CIR) anda special table with data for products that are primary tomore than one industry, which are not in the industryreports.

The Concentration Ratios report publishes data on thepercentage of value of shipments accounted for by the 4-,8-, 20-, and 50-largest companies for each manufacturingindustry. Also shown in this report are Hirschmann-Herfindahl Indexes for each industry.

The Location of Manufacturing data files contain statis-tics on the number of establishments for the three- andsix-digit NAICS industry by state, county, place, and ZIPCode by employment-size of the establishment.

GEOGRAPHIC AREAS COVERED

Statistics at the six-digit NAICS industry level are shownfor states and the District of Columbia in both the stateand industry reports for cells with 100 employees ormore.

The state reports also include data at the ‘‘all manufac-turing’’ level for a variety of geographies that meet theemployment criteria.

Data are available for the metropolitan areas (MAs) with250 employees or more. The term MA is a general termused to encompass all of the specifically defined metro-politan areas. A consolidated metropolitan statistical area(CMSA) is made up of two or more contiguous primarymetropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs) with a combinedpopulation of at least 1 million. A PMSA is a subdivision ofa CMSA that demonstrates very strong internal economicand social links separate from the ties to other portions ofthe CMSA. A metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is an inte-grated economic and social unit with a population of atleast 50,000. An MA is made up of one or more countiesmeeting standards of metropolitan character. In NewEngland, cities and towns, rather than counties, are the

MANUFACTURING 51997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


component geographic units. Determination of the MAswas made by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)as of June 30, 1997. The population estimates were fromthe 1990 Census of Population or a subsequent specialcensus. When applicable, the make-up of an MA isincluded in Appendix E. Changes to geographical bound-aries are noted in Appendix D.

The state reports include data for counties with 500employees or more. These are the primary divisions ofstates, except in Louisiana where they are called parishesand in Alaska where they are called boroughs and censusareas. Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia have oneor more places that are independent of county organiza-tions. These places are treated as counties and places. Thecounties and places are defined as of January 1, 1997.

The state reports include data for places with 500employees or more. Places are typically cities, towns, andvillages. They may be incorporated municipalities, semi-independent municipalities, special economic urban areas(SEUAs), or other place equivalents.

The state reports also include data for consolidated cit-ies with 500 employees or more. Consolidated cities aremade up of separately incorporated municipalities.

COMPARABILITY OF THE 1992 AND 1997 CENSUSES

The adoption of the North American Industry Classifica-tion System (NAICS) has had a major impact on the compa-rability of data between the 1992 and 1997 censuses.Approximately half of the industries in the manufacturingsector of NAICS do not have comparable industries in theStandard Industrial Classification (SIC) system that wasused in the past. If industries are not comparable betweenthe two censuses, historic data are not shown. When appli-cable, Appendix G shows the product class and productcomparability between the two systems.

While most of the change affecting the manufacturingsector was change within the sector, some industries leftmanufacturing and others came into manufacturing.Prominent among those leaving manufacturing are loggingand portions of publishing. Prominent among the indus-tries coming into the manufacturing sector are bakeries,candy stores where candy is made on the premises, cus-tom tailors, makers of custom draperies, and tire retread-ing. Data for the industries coming into manufacturing aswell as those leaving manufacturing are included in themanufacturing industry report series for 1997. However,the state and summary reports only include data forindustries in the NAICS definition of manufacturing.

Another change resulting from the conversion to NAICSis that data for central administrative offices (CAOs) asso-ciated with manufacturing are not included along side themanufacturing data. This change affects data in the statereports and the general summary.

DISCLOSURE

In accordance with Federal law governing censusreports (Title 13 of the United States Code), no data arepublished that would disclose the operations of an indi-vidual establishment or company. However, the number ofestablishments classified in a specific industry or geogra-phy is not considered a disclosure, and may be releasedeven when other information is withheld.

The disclosure analysis for the industry statistics files isbased on the total value of shipments. When the totalvalue of shipments cannot be shown without disclosinginformation for individual companies, the complete line issuppressed except for capital expenditures. However, thesuppressed data are included in higher-level totals. A sepa-rate disclosure analysis is performed for capital expendi-tures that can be suppressed even though value of ship-ments data are published.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT ECONOMICDATA

The Census Bureau conducts the Annual Survey ofManufactures (ASM) in each of the 4 years between theeconomic censuses. The ASM is a probability-basedsample of approximately 58,000 establishments and col-lects many of the same industry statistics (includingemployment, payroll, value of shipments, etc.) as the eco-nomic census. However, there are selected statistics notincluded in the ASM. Among these are the number of com-panies and establishments, detailed product and materialsdata, and substate geographic data.

In addition to the ASM, the Census Bureau conducts aCurrent Industrial Reports (CIR) program. The CIR pub-lishes detailed product statistics for selected manufactur-ing industries at the U.S. level annually and, in somecases, monthly and/or quarterly. For the 1997 EconomicCensus – Manufacturing, the annual CIR data are includedin the Product Summary report.

The Census Bureau also conducts the monthly Manufac-turers’ Shipments, Inventories, and Orders (M3) program,which publishes detailed statistics for manufacturingindustries at the U.S. level.

6 MANUFACTURING 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


Table 1. Industry Statistics on NAICS Basis With Distribution Among 1987 SIC ~BasedIndustries: 1997

[NAICS codes appear in bold type. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NAICSor SICcode

Industry

All employees Production workers

Com~panies1

Allestab~

lish~ments2 Number

Payroll($1,000) Number

Hours(1,000)

Wages($1,000)

Value added bymanufacture

($1,000)

Cost ofmaterials($1,000)

Value ofshipments

($1,000)

Total capitalexpendi~

tures($1,000)

313312 Textile & fabric finishing mills 347. 383 29 354 746 156 24 751 52 027 507 693 1 939 111 2 393 400 4 313 586 278 673223130 Weaving & finishing mills, wool

(pt) N........................ 6 148 3 349 128 294 2 502 6 968 8 506 15 444 D225720 Circular knit fabric mills (pt) N.... 103 8 850 251 712 7 412 15 600 161 407 746 934 1 045 778 1 780 051 195 056225820 Lace & warp knit fabric mills

(pt) N........................ 89 5 910 157 077 4 756 10 580 103 898 372 218 311 973 683 488 24 633226900 Finishing plants, n.e.c. N........ 155 11 239 254 617 9 578 19 378 184 575 540 045 672 586 1 214 911 44 385228220 Yarn throwing & winding mills

(pt) N........................ 11 1 387 35 313 1 267 2 612 27 254 66 047 114 042 180 161 5 553228420 Thread mills (pt) N............. 17 D D D D D D D D D229960 Textile goods, n.e.c. (pt) N...... 2 D D D D D D D D D513110 Piece goods, notions, & other

dry goods (pt) N.............. – – – – – – – – – –

1For the census, a company is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control.2Includes establishments with payroll at any time during the year.

Table 2. Industry Statistics for Selected States: 1997[States that are disclosures or with less than 100 employees are not shown. For explanation of terms, see appendixes. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Industry and geographic area

Allestablishments All employees Production workers

E1 Total

With 20em~

ploy~ees ormore Number


Hours(1,000)

Wages($1,000)


($1,000)


Value ofshipments

($1,000)


tures($1,000)

313312, TEXTILE & FABRICFINISHING MILLS

United States 2.............. 383 206 29 354 746 156 24 751 52 027 507 693 1 939 111 2 393 400 4 313 586 278 673

California 2.......................... 51 19 1 965 48 969 1 667 3 615 35 826 104 911 103 969 204 661 14 001Georgia –............................ 26 18 3 395 73 456 2 948 6 063 56 779 147 346 202 493 350 701 8 506New Jersey 6........................ 38 15 1 286 43 303 1 042 2 140 25 193 76 806 48 203 124 833 4 283New York 2.......................... 70 20 1 503 51 799 1 036 2 156 23 995 164 217 176 754 343 840 7 077North Carolina 1...................... 75 61 10 639 255 869 9 033 19 832 183 127 645 022 1 038 915 1 680 801 48 746

Pennsylvania 7....................... 27 18 1 479 38 565 1 237 2 709 26 426 143 335 74 099 216 467 7 091Rhode Island –....................... 8 5 321 9 708 215 429 5 603 66 007 72 915 138 937 2 820South Carolina –...................... 17 12 922 24 087 795 1 597 17 325 47 200 49 547 96 581 3 666Tennessee 2......................... 10 10 1 363 27 664 1 195 2 391 20 725 71 679 64 292 137 137 4 481Texas –............................. 5 3 654 11 183 609 1 193 9 957 42 429 7 623 50 208 896

* Hawaii has no incorporated places in the sense of functioning governmental units; however, in agreement with Hawaiian law, the Bureau of the Census reports data for census designatedplaces (CDPs) which have been designated as place equivalents. Those CDPs, only for the state of Hawaii, with 2,500 or more population are recognized.

1Some payroll and sales data for small single~establishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other governmentagencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate statistics for these small establishments. This technique was also used for asmall number of other establishments whose reports were not received at the time data were tabulated. The following symbols are shown where estimated data based on administrative~record dataaccount for 10 percent or more of the figures shown: 1–10 to 19 percent; 2–20 to 29 percent; 3–30 to 39 percent; 4–40 to 49 percent; 5–50 to 59 percent; 6–60 to 69 percent; 7–70 to 79 percent; 8–80 to89 percent; 9–90 percent or more.

MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES NAICS 313312 7U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Oct. 18, 1999

Table 3. Detailed Statistics by Industry: 1997[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Item Value

313312, TEXTILE & FABRIC FINISHING MILLS

Companies1 number.................................................. 347

All establishments number............................................. 383Establishments with 1 to 19 employees number......................... 177Establishments with 20 to 99 employees number....................... 124Establishments with 100 employees or more number.................... 82

All employees number................................................. 29 354Total compensation2 $1,000............................................ 906 083

Annual payroll $1,000................................................ 746 156Total fringe benefits $1,000........................................... 159 927

Production workers, average for year number............................ 24 751Production workers on March 12 number.............................. 24 889Production workers on May 12 number................................ 25 034Production workers on August 12 number.............................. 24 706Production workers on November 12 number........................... 24 375

Production~worker hours 1,000......................................... 52 027Production~worker wages $1,000........................................ 507 693

Total cost of materials $1,000........................................... 2 393 400Cost of materials, parts, containers, etc., consumed $1,000............... 2 171 270Cost of resales $1,000............................................... 11 988Cost of fuels $1,000................................................. 79 725Cost of purchased electricity $1,000................................... 77 335Cost of contract work $1,000......................................... 53 082

Quantity of electricity purchased for heat and power 1,000 kWh............. 1 407 756Quantity of electricity generated less sold for heat and power 1,000 kWh..... –

Total value of shipments $1,000........................................ 4 313 586Primary products value of shipments $1,000............................ 4 038 130Secondary products value of shipments $1,000......................... 153 878Total miscellaneous receipts $1,000................................... 121 578

Value of resales $1,000............................................ 14 327Contract receipts $1,000........................................... 105 537Other miscellaneous receipts $1,000................................ 1 714

Primary products specialization ratio percent............................. 96Value of primary products shipments made in all industries $1,000.......... 4 366 938

Value of primary products shipments made in this industry $1,000......... 4 038 130Value of primary products shipments made in otherindustries $1,000................................................... 328 808

Coverage ratio percent................................................ 92

Value added $1,000................................................... 1 939 111

Total inventories, beginning of year $1,000............................... 368 393Finished goods inventories, beginning of year $1,000.................... 140 139Work~in~process inventories, beginning of year $1,000................... 96 413Materials and supplies inventories, beginning of year $1,000.............. 131 841

Total inventories, end of year $1,000.................................... 385 629Finished goods inventories, end of year $1,000......................... 155 579Work~in~process inventories, end of year $1,000........................ 99 898Materials and supplies inventories, end of year $1,000................... 130 152

Gross book value of total assets at beginning of year $1,000................ 1 441 214Total capital expenditures (new and used) $1,000....................... 278 673

Capital expenditures for buildings and other structures(new and used) $1,000........................................... 82 420

Capital expenditures for machinery and equipment (newand used) $1,000................................................ 196 253

Total retirements2 $1,000............................................ 44 284Gross book value of total assets at end of year $1,000..................... 1 675 603

Total depreciation during year2 $1,000................................... 103 728

Total rental payments2 $1,000.......................................... 31 782Buildings and other structures rental payments2 $1,000.................. 17 029Machinery and equipment rental payments2 $1,000...................... 14 753

Cost of purchased services for the repair of buildings and otherstructures3 $1,000.................................................... 6 903Response coverage ratio4 percent.................................... 79

Cost of purchased services for the repair of machinery andequipment3 $1,000................................................... 39 538Response coverage ratio4 percent.................................... 79

Cost of purchased communications services3 $1,000...................... 4 767Response coverage ratio4 percent.................................... 79

Cost of purchased legal services3 $1,000................................ 2 656Response coverage ratio4 percent.................................... 79

Cost of purchased accounting and bookkeeping services3 $1,000........... 2 193Response coverage ratio4 percent.................................... 79

Cost of purchased advertising services3 $1,000........................... 9 543Response coverage ratio4 percent.................................... 79

Cost of purchased software and other data processingservices3 $1,000..................................................... 2 356Response coverage ratio4 percent.................................... 79

Cost of purchased refuse removal (including hazardous waste)services3 $1,000..................................................... 2 534Response coverage ratio4 percent.................................... 79

3133121, Textile & fabric finishing mills mmanufacturer

Companies1 number.................................................. N




Item Value

313312, TEXTILE & FABRIC FINISHING MILLS mCon.

3133121, Textile & fabric finishing mills mmanufacturer mCon.



Total cost of materials $1,000........................................... 2 012 096Cost of materials, parts, containers, etc., consumed $1,000............... 1 855 816Cost of resales $1,000............................................... 10 535Cost of fuels $1,000................................................. 54 735Cost of purchased electricity $1,000................................... 56 873Cost of contract work $1,000......................................... 34 137

Quantity of electricity purchased for heat and power 1,000 kWh............. 1 123 225Quantity of electricity generated less sold for heat and power 1,000 kWh..... –

Total value of shipments $1,000........................................ 3 397 189Primary products value of shipments $1,000............................ XSecondary products value of shipments $1,000......................... XTotal miscellaneous receipts $1,000................................... X

Value of resales $1,000............................................ XContract receipts $1,000........................................... XOther miscellaneous receipts $1,000................................ X

Primary products specialization ratio percent............................. XValue of primary products shipments made in all industries $1,000.......... X

Value of primary products shipments made in this industry $1,000......... XValue of primary products shipments made in otherindustries $1,000................................................... X

Coverage ratio percent................................................ X

Value added $1,000................................................... 1 401 304



Gross book value of total assets at beginning of year $1,000................ XTotal capital expenditures (new and used) $1,000....................... X

Capital expenditures for buildings and other structures(new and used) $1,000........................................... X

Capital expenditures for machinery and equipment (newand used) $1,000................................................ X

Total retirements2 $1,000............................................ XGross book value of total assets at end of year $1,000..................... X

Total depreciation during year2 $1,000................................... X

Total rental payments2 $1,000.......................................... XBuildings and other structures rental payments2 $1,000.................. XMachinery and equipment rental payments2 $1,000...................... X

Cost of purchased services for the repair of buildings and otherstructures3 $1,000.................................................... XResponse coverage ratio4 percent.................................... X

Cost of purchased services for the repair of machinery andequipment3 $1,000................................................... XResponse coverage ratio4 percent.................................... X

Cost of purchased communications services3 $1,000...................... XResponse coverage ratio4 percent.................................... X

Cost of purchased legal services3 $1,000................................ XResponse coverage ratio4 percent.................................... X

Cost of purchased accounting and bookkeeping services3 $1,000........... XResponse coverage ratio4 percent.................................... X

Cost of purchased advertising services3 $1,000........................... XResponse coverage ratio4 percent.................................... X

Cost of purchased software and other data processingservices3 $1,000..................................................... XResponse coverage ratio4 percent.................................... X

Cost of purchased refuse removal (including hazardous waste)services3 $1,000..................................................... XResponse coverage ratio4 percent.................................... X

3133122, Textile & fabric finishing mills mconverter



All employees number................................................. 961Total compensation2 $1,000............................................ 41 444


Production workers, average for year number............................ 667Production workers on March 12 number.............................. 658Production workers on May 12 number................................ 670Production workers on August 12 number.............................. 683Production workers on November 12 number........................... 657


8 NAICS 313312 MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIESU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Oct. 18, 1999

Table 3. Detailed Statistics by Industry: 1997 mCon.[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Item Value


3133122, Textile & fabric finishing mills mconvertermCon.

Total cost of materials $1,000........................................... 233 074Cost of materials, parts, containers, etc., consumed $1,000............... 206 632Cost of resales $1,000............................................... 203Cost of fuels $1,000................................................. 5 424Cost of purchased electricity $1,000................................... 5 762Cost of contract work $1,000......................................... 15 053

Quantity of electricity purchased for heat and power 1,000 kWh............. 75 354Quantity of electricity generated less sold for heat and power 1,000 kWh..... –

Total value of shipments $1,000........................................ 416 639Primary products value of shipments $1,000............................ XSecondary products value of shipments $1,000......................... XTotal miscellaneous receipts $1,000................................... X





Value added $1,000................................................... 184 002

















Item Value


3133123, Textile & fabric finishing mills mcommission finisher







Total cost of materials $1,000........................................... 148 230Cost of materials, parts, containers, etc., consumed $1,000............... 108 822Cost of resales $1,000............................................... 1 250Cost of fuels $1,000................................................. 19 566Cost of purchased electricity $1,000................................... 14 700Cost of contract work $1,000......................................... 3 892

Quantity of electricity purchased for heat and power 1,000 kWh............. 209 177Quantity of electricity generated less sold for heat and power 1,000 kWh..... –

Total value of shipments $1,000........................................ 499 758Primary products value of shipments $1,000............................ XSecondary products value of shipments $1,000......................... XTotal miscellaneous receipts $1,000................................... X





Value added $1,000................................................... 353 805

















1For the census, a company is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control.2These items are collected in the ASM and estimated for the remaining establishments; therefore, the levels of estimation are higher than for other items in the table.3Based on ASM sample data.4A response coverage ratio is derived for this item by calculating the ratio of the weighted employment (establishment data multiplied by sample weight) for those ASM establishments that

reported to the weighted total employment for all ASM establishments classified in this industry.

Note: The amounts shown for purchased services reflect only those services that establishments purchase from other companies.


Table 4. Industry Statistics by Employment Size: 1997[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Employment size class

Allestablishments All employees Production workers

E1 Total

With 20em~

ploy~ees ormore Number


Hours(1,000)

Wages($1,000)


($1,000)


Value ofshipments

($1,000)


tures($1,000)

313312, TEXTILE & FABRICFINISHING MILLS

All establishments 2......... 383 206 29 354 746 156 24 751 52 027 507 693 1 939 111 2 393 400 4 313 586 278 673

Establishments with 1 to 4employees 9........................ 73 – 143 6 446 118 223 4 420 6 888 11 375 18 364 782

Establishments with 5 to 9employees 7........................ 47 – 302 6 715 239 463 4 492 14 465 20 891 35 336 1 294

Establishments with 10 to 19employees 4........................ 57 – 797 23 868 621 1 259 12 879 62 198 81 918 144 753 3 540

Establishments with 20 to 49employees 3........................ 71 71 2 298 64 271 1 760 3 740 41 119 206 209 219 328 424 480 11 930



Establishments with 250 to 499employees 2........................ 27 27 8 917 209 117 7 853 16 521 156 884 459 083 631 041 1 091 975 38 014

Establishments with 500 to 999employees 1........................ 7 7 D D D D D D D D D

Establishments with 1,000 to 2,499employees –........................ 1 1 D D D D D D D D D

Establishments with 2,500 employeesor more –........................... – – – – – – – – – – –

Administrative records2 9.............. 77 – 485 8 385 414 782 5 928 16 451 22 986 39 371 1 805

1Some payroll and sales data for small single~establishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other governmentagencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate statistics for these small establishments. This technique was also used for asmall number of other establishments whose reports were not received at the time data were tabulated. The following symbols are shown where estimated data based on administrative~record dataaccount for 10 percent or more of the figures shown: 1–10 to 19 percent; 2–20 to 29 percent; 3–30 to 39 percent; 4–40 to 49 percent; 5–50 to 59 percent; 6–60 to 69 percent; 7–70 to 79 percent; 8–80 to89 percent; 9–90 percent or more.

2Some payroll and sales data for small single~establishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other governmentagencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate statistics for these small establishments. Data are also included in respectivesize classes shown.

Table 5. Industry Statistics by Industry and Primary Product Class Specialization: 1997[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NAICSindustry or

productclass code

Industry or primary product class

All employees Production workersAllestab~

lish~ments Number


Hours(1,000)

Wages($1,000)

Value addedby

manufacture($1,000)


Value ofshipments

($1,000)


tures($1,000)

313312 Textile & fabric finishingmills 383.................... 29 354 746 156 24 751 52 027 507 693 1 939 111 2 393 400 4 313 586 278 673


Table 6a. Products Statistics: 1997 and 1992[Includes quantity and value of products of this industry produced by (1) establishments classified in this industry (primary) and (2) establishments classified in other industries (secondary). Transfers ofproducts of this industry from one establishment of a company to another establishment of the same company (interplant transfers) are also included. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, seeintroductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NAICSproduct

codeProduct

1997 1992

Product shipments Product shipmentsNumber ofcompanies

withshipments

of$100,000

or more

Quantity ofproduction

for allpurposes Quantity

Value($1,000)

Number ofcompanies

withshipments

of$100,000

or more



Value($1,000)

313312 Finished fabrics (exceptbroadwoven) and otherfinished textiles ............... N................... X X 4 366 938 N X X N

3133120 Finished fabrics (except broadwoven) andother finished textiles ................... N................... X X 4 366 938 N X X N

31331201 Finished yarn, raw stock, and narrowfabrics (except knit), not spun, thrown,woven, or braided in the sameestablishment........................ N................... X X 1 531 958 N X X N

3133120111 Bleached yarns (except wool), not spunor thrown in the same establishment mil lb................ 8 X p20.5 62 998 6 X D D

3133120121 Dyed carded cotton yarns, not spun inthe same establishment mil lb........................... 14 X p49.1 124 971 29 X 64.0 147 404

3133120131 Dyed combed cotton yarns, not spun inthe same establishment mil lb........................... 13 X 33.9 130 410 15 X 60.1 123 909

3133120141 Dyed yarns of rayon, acetate, and~orlyocell, not spun or thrown in thesame establishment mil lb.............................. 7 X p7.2 34 539 16 X 26.5 53 442

3133120151 Dyed yarns of acrylic and~ormodacrylic, not spun or thrown in thesame establishment mil lb.............................. 7 X q20.3 59 606 6 X D D

3133120161 Dyed yarns, polyester blends withcotton, not spun or thrown in the sameestablishment mil lb.................................... 13 X S 75 285 22 X 33.3 82 473

3133120171 Dyed yarns of polyester (except blendswith cotton), not spun or thrown in thesame establishment mil lb.............................. 12 X 53.7 152 306 18 X S 116 584

3133120181 Dyed yarns of other manmade fibersand silk, not spun or thrown in thesame establishment mil lb.............................. 12 X S 114 637 21 X S 110 013

3133120191 Mercerized cotton yarns, not spun inthe same establishment mil lb........................... 3 X D D 4 X 14.8 68 821

31331201B1 Raw stock, bleached or dyed (exceptwool) mil lb........................................... 3 X D D 7 X S 69 988

31331201D1 Printed plastics film mil lb................................ 1 X D D 1 X – D31331201F1 Finished braided or woven narrow

fabrics (except wool), not braided orwoven in the same establishment mil lb.................. 13 X q24.4 55 969 N X X N

31331201H1 Finished wool yarns, including winding,tops, and raw stock, not combed orspun at the same establishment...... 14................... X X 98 389 N X X N

31331201J1 Job or commission finishing of wooltextiles, except broadwoven fabrics... 2................... X X D 3 X X 3 119

31331201L1 Other textile and fabric finishing (exceptbroadwoven and knit)............... 10................... X X 510 955 N X X N

31331201N1 Commission receipts for winding,warping, etc., of yarn not thrown orspun in the same establishment...... 8................... X X 40 599 N X X N

31331201P1 Finished thread and yarn of linen...... –................... X X – N X X N

31331202 Finished garments, including stonewashed and tie dyed, not cut and sewnor knit in the same establishment....... N................... X X 81 066 N X X N

31331202M1 Finished garments, including stonewashed and tie dyed, not cut andsewn or knit in the sameestablishment...................... 17................... X X 81 066 N X X N

31331203 Finished weft (circular) knit fabrics, excepthosiery, not knit in the sameestablishment, broad (more than 12inches wide)......................... N................... X X 1 371 281 N X X N

3133120311 Finished weft (circular) knit fabrics,except hosiery, not knit in the sameestablishment, broad (more than 12inches wide) mil fin lin yd............................... 32 X 528.4 1 371 281 29 X 435.7 1 040 377

31331204 Finished warp knit fabrics, not knit in thesame establishment, broad (more than12 inches wide) ...................... N................... X X 409 060 N X X N

3133120411 Finished warp knit fabrics, not knit inthe same establishment, broad (morethan 12 inches wide) mil fin lin yd........................ 18 X 221.3 409 060 21 X 260.5 762 016

31331205 Finished knit fabrics, not knit in the sameestablishment, narrow (12 inches wideor less) ............................. N................... X X 152 105 N X X N

3133120511 Finished weft (circular) knit fabrics, notknit in the same establishment, narrow(12 inches wide or less) mil fin lin yd..................... 5 X p20.3 36 468 8 X S 13 515

3133120521 Finished warp knit fabrics, not knit inthe same establishment, narrow (12inches wide or less) mil fin lin yd........................ 6 X 86.8 115 637 7 X S 37 711

31331206 Contract and commission receipts forfinishing only, weft (circular) knitfabrics .............................. N................... X X 224 470 N X X N

3133120611 Contract and commission receipts forfinishing only, weft (circular) knitfabrics, broad (more than 12 incheswide) ............................. 28................... X X D N X X N

3133120621 Contract and commission receipts forfinishing only, weft (circular) knitfabrics, narrow (12 inches wide orless).............................. 2................... X X D N X X N

See footnotes at end of table.


Table 6a. Products Statistics: 1997 and 1992 mCon.[Includes quantity and value of products of this industry produced by (1) establishments classified in this industry (primary) and (2) establishments classified in other industries (secondary). Transfers ofproducts of this industry from one establishment of a company to another establishment of the same company (interplant transfers) are also included. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, seeintroductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NAICSproduct

codeProduct

1997 1992

Product shipments Product shipmentsNumber ofcompanies

withshipments

of$100,000

or more



Value($1,000)

Number ofcompanies

withshipments

of$100,000

or more



Value($1,000)

313312 Finished fabrics (exceptbroadwoven) and otherfinished textiles mCon.

3133120 Finished fabrics (except broadwoven) andother finished textilesmCon.

31331207 Contract and commission receipts forfinishing only, warp knit fabrics andreceipts for dyeing and finishing lace andnet goods ........................... N................... X X 223 610 N X X N

3133120711 Contract and commission receipts forfinishing only, warp knit fabrics, broad(more than 12 inches wide).......... 18................... X X 204 630 N X X N

3133120721 Contract and commission receipts forfinishing only, warp knit fabrics,narrow (12 inches wide or less) ...... –................... X X – N X X N

3133120731 Contract and commission receipts fordyeing and finishing lace and netgoods, except raschel and burned~outlace .............................. 5................... X X 18 980 9 X X 41 801

3133120Y Finished fabrics (except broadwovenfabric) and other finished textiles, nsk ... N................... X X 373 388 N X X N

3133120YWW Finished fabrics (except broadwoven)and other finished textiles, nsk, fornonadministrative~recordestablishments..................... N................... X X 331 928 N X X N

3133120YWY Finished fabrics (except broadwoven)and other finished textiles, nsk, foradministrative~record establishments . N................... X X 41 460 N X X N

# Additional information is available for this item; see Appendix F.@ Additional data are available for these codes at the aggregate U.S. level in the Current Industrial Report (CIR) series; see Appendix F for the CIR survey number and title.$ This product is primary to more than one industry; see Appendix F for a listing of the related product codes.

Note: For some establishments, data have been estimated from central unit values which are based on quantity~value relationships of reported data. The following symbols are used whenpercentage of each quantity figure estimated in this manner equals or exceeds 10 percent of published figure: p 10 to 19 percent estimated; q 20 to 29 percent estimated. If 30 percent or more isestimated, figure is replaced by S.

Table 6b. Product Class Shipments for Selected States: 1997 and 1992[Not applicable for this report]

Table 7. Materials Consumed by Kind: 1997 and 1992[Includes quantity and cost of materials consumed or put into production by establishments classified only in this industry. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanationof terms, see appendixes]

NAICSmaterial

codeMaterial consumed

1997 1992

QuantityDelivered cost

($1,000) QuantityDelivered cost

($1,000)

313312 TEXTILE & FABRIC FINISHING MILLS

31311101 Spun yarn, all fibers mil lb................................................................ 364.3 640 324 N N31321027 Broadwoven fabrics mil sq yd............................................................. 506.1 13 894 N N32513003 Dyes, lakes, and toners............................................... X................... 203 952 X N31324000 Knit fabrics mil lb........................................................................ S 945 310 N N00970099 All other materials and components, parts, containers, and supplies ........ X................... 169 498 X N00971000 Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, n.s.k. .................... X................... 198 292 X N

# Additional information is available for this item; see Appendix F.

Note: For some establishments, data have been estimated from central unit values which are based on quantity~value relationships of reported data. The following symbols are used whenpercentage of each quantity figure estimated in this manner equals or exceeds 10 percent of published figure: p 10 to 19 percent estimated; q 20 to 29 percent estimated. If 30 percent or more isestimated, figure is replaced by S.


Appendix A.Explanation of Terms

BEGINNING- AND END-OF-YEAR INVENTORIES

Respondents were asked to report their beginning-of-year and end-of-year inventories at cost or market. Effec-tive with the 1982 Economic Census, this change to a uni-form instruction for reporting inventories was introducedfor all sector reports. Prior to 1982, respondents were per-mitted to value inventories using any generally acceptedaccounting method (FIFO, LIFO, market, to name a few).Beginning in 1982, LIFO users were asked to first reportinventory values prior to the LIFO adjustment and then toreport the LIFO reserve and the LIFO value after adjust-ment for the reserve.

Inventory Data by Stage of Fabrication

Total inventories and three detailed components (1) fin-ished goods, (2) work-in-process, and (3) materials, sup-plies, fuels, etc., were collected.

When using inventory data by stage of fabrication for‘‘all industries’’ and at the three-digit subsector level, itshould be noted that an item treated as a finished productby an establishment in one industry may be reported as araw material by an establishment in a different industry.For example, the finished-product inventories of a steelmill would be reported as raw materials by a stampingplant. Such differences are present in the inventory figuresby stage of fabrication shown for all publication levels.

COST OF MATERIALS

This term refers to direct charges actually paid or pay-able for items consumed or put into production during theyear, including freight charges and other direct chargesincurred by the establishment in acquiring these materials.It includes the cost of materials or fuel consumed,whether purchased by the individual establishment fromother companies, transferred to it from other establish-ments of the same company, or withdrawn from inventoryduring the year.

Included in this item are:

1. Cost of parts, components, containers, etc.—Includesall raw materials, semifinished goods, parts, contain-ers, scrap, and supplies put into production or used asoperating supplies and for repair and maintenanceduring the year.

2. Cost of products bought and sold in the same condi-tion.

3. Cost of fuels consumed for heat and power—Includesthe cost of materials or fuel consumed, whether pur-chased by the individual establishment from othercompanies, transferred to it from other establishmentsof the same company, or withdrawn from inventoryduring the year.

4. Cost of purchased electricity—The cost of purchasedelectric energy represents the amount actually usedduring the year for heat and power. In addition, infor-mation was collected on the quantity of electricenergy generated by the establishment and the quan-tity of electric energy sold or transferred to otherplants of the same company.

5. Cost of contract work—This term applies to workdone by others on materials furnished by the manu-facturing establishment. The actual cost of the mate-rial is to be reported on the cost of materials, parts,and containers line of this item. The term ‘‘ContractWork’’ refers to the fee a company pays to anothercompany to perform a service.

Specific Materials Consumed

In addition to the total cost of materials, which everyestablishment was required to report, information alsowas collected for most manufacturing industries on theconsumption of major materials used in manufacturing.The inquiries were restricted to those materials whichwere important parts of the cost of production in a par-ticular industry and for which cost information was avail-able from manufacturers’ records. If less than $25,000 ofa listed material was consumed by an establishment, thecost data could be reported in the ‘‘Cost of all other mate-rials...,’’ Census material code 00970099. Also, the cost ofmaterials for small establishments for which administra-tive records or short forms were used was imputed intothe ‘‘Materials not specified by kind,’’ Census materialscode 00971000.

Duplication in Cost of Materials and Value ofShipment

The aggregate of the cost of materials and value ofshipments figures for industry groups and for all manufac-turing industries includes large amounts of duplicationsince the products of some industries are used as materi-als by others. This duplication results, in part, from theaddition of related industries representing successive

APPENDIX A A–11997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


stages in the production of a finished manufactured prod-uct. Examples are the addition of flour mills to bakeries inthe food group and the addition of pulp mills to papermills in the paper and allied products group of industries.Estimates of the overall extent of this duplication indicatethat the value of manufactured products exclusive of suchduplication (the value of finished manufactures) tends toapproximate two-thirds of the total value of productsreported in the survey.

Duplication of products within individual industries issignificant within a number of industry groups, e.g.,machinery and transportation industries. These industriesfrequently include complete machinery and their parts. Inthis case, the parts made for original equipment are mate-rials consumed for assembly plants in the same industry.

Even when no significant amount of duplication isinvolved, value of shipments figures are deficient as mea-sures of the relative economic importance of individualmanufacturing industries or geographic areas because ofthe wide variation in ratio of materials, labor, and otherprocessing costs of value of shipments, both amongindustries and within the same industry.

Before 1962, cost of materials and value of shipmentswere not published for some industries which includedconsiderable duplication. Since then, these data have beenpublished for all industries at the U.S. level and beginningin 1964, for all geographic levels.

COST OF PURCHASED SERVICES

Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) establishmentswere requested to provide information on the cost of pur-chased services for the repair of buildings and other struc-tures, the repair of machinery, communication services,legal services, accounting and bookkeeping services,advertising, software and other data processing services,and refuse removal. Each of these items reflects the costspaid directly by the establishment and excludes salariespaid to employees of the establishment for these services.

Included in the cost of purchased services for the repairof buildings and machinery are payments made for allmaintenance and repair work on buildings and equipment.Payments made to other establishments of the same com-pany and for repair and maintenance of any leased prop-erty also are included. Extensive repairs or reconstructionthat was capitalized is considered capital expendituresand is, therefore, excluded from this item. Repair andmaintenance costs provided by an owner as part of arental contract or incurred directly by an establishment inusing its own work force also are excluded.

Included in the cost of purchased advertising servicesare payments for printing, media coverage, and otheradvertising services and materials.

Included in the cost of purchased software and otherdata processing services are all purchases by the estab-lishment from other companies. Excluded are services pro-vided by other establishments of the same company (suchas by a separate data processing unit).

Included in the cost of purchased refuse removal ser-vices are all costs of refuse removal services paid by theestablishment, including costs for hazardous wasteremoval or treatment. Excluded are all costs included inrental payments or as capital expenditures.

Response Coverage Ratio

A response coverage ratio is a measure of the extent towhich respondents report for an item. The estimate ismade by calculating the ratio value of the weighted totalemployment data for all the ASM establishments thatreport the item to the weighted total employment data forall ASM establishments classified in an industry (reportersand non-reporters).

DEPRECIATION CHARGES FOR FIXED ASSETS

This item includes depreciation and amortizationcharged during the year against assets. Depreciationcharged against fixed assets acquired since the beginningof the year and against assets sold or retired during theyear are components of this category. Respondents wererequested to make certain that they did not report accu-mulated depreciation.

EMPLOYEES

This item includes all full-time and part-time employeeson the payrolls of operating manufacturing establishmentsduring any part of the pay period which included the 12thof the months specified on the report form. Included areall persons on paid sick leave, paid holidays, and paidvacations during these pay periods. Officers of corpora-tions are included as employees; proprietors and partnersof unincorporated firms are excluded. The ‘‘all employees’’number is the average number of production workers plusthe number of other employees in mid-March. The numberof production workers is the average for the payroll peri-ods including the 12th of March, May, August, and Novem-ber.

Production Workers

This item includes workers (up through the line-supervisor level) engaged in fabricating, processing,assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, pack-ing, warehousing, shipping (but not delivering), mainte-nance, repair, janitorial and guard services, product devel-opment, auxiliary production for plant’s own use (e.g.,power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closelyassociated with these production operations at the estab-lishment covered by the report. Employees above theworking-supervisor level are excluded from this item.

All Other Employees

This item covers nonproduction employees of themanufacturing establishment including those engaged infactory supervision above the line-supervisor level. It

A–2 APPENDIX A 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS


includes sales (including driver-salespersons), sales deliv-ery (highway truck drivers and their helpers), advertising,credit, collection, installation and servicing of own prod-ucts, clerical and routine office functions, executive, pur-chasing, financing, legal, personnel (including cafeteria,medical, etc.), professional, and technical employees. Alsoincluded are employees on the payroll of the manufactur-ing establishment engaged in the construction of majoradditions or alterations utilized as a separate work force.

FRINGE BENEFITS

Fringe benefits are divided into legally required expen-ditures and payments for voluntary programs. The legallyrequired portion consists primarily of Federal old age andsurvivors’ insurance, unemployment compensation, andworkers’ compensation. Payments for voluntary programsinclude all programs not specifically required by legisla-tion whether they were employer initiated or the result ofcollective bargaining. They include the employer portionof such plans as insurance premiums, premiums forsupplemental accident and sickness insurance, pensionplans, supplemental unemployment compensation, wel-fare plans, stock purchase plans on which the employerpayment is not subject to withholding tax, and deferredprofit-sharing plans. They exclude such items as company-operated cafeterias, in-plant medical services, free parkinglots, discounts on employee purchases, and uniforms andwork clothing for employees.

GROSS BOOK VALUE OF DEPRECIABLE ASSETS ATBEGINNING OF YEAR (BOY) AND END OF YEAR (EOY)

Total value of depreciable assets is collected on all cen-sus forms. It shows the value of depreciable assets for thebeginning of year and end of year. The data encompass allfixed depreciable assets on the books of establishments.The values shown (book value) represent the actual costof assets at the time they were acquired, including allcosts incurred in making the assets usable (such as trans-portation and installation). Included are all buildings,structures, machinery, and equipment (production, office,and transportation equipment) for which depreciationreserves are maintained. Excluded are nondepreciablecapital assets including inventories and intangible assets,such as timber and mineral rights.

The definition of fixed depreciable assets is consistentwith the definition of capital expenditures. For example,expenditures include actual capital outlays during the yearrather than the final value of equipment put in place andbuildings completed during the year. Accordingly, thevalue of assets at the end of the year includes the value ofconstruction in progress.

In addition, respondents were requested to make cer-tain that assets at the beginning of the year plus capitalexpenditures, less retirements, equaled assets at the endof the year.

NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS AND COMPANIES

A separate report was required for each manufacturingestablishment (plant) with one employee or more. Anestablishment is defined as a single physical locationwhere manufacturing is performed. A company, on theother hand, is defined as a business organization consist-ing of one establishment or more under common owner-ship or control.

If the company operated at different physical locations,even if the individual locations were producing the sameline of goods, a separate report was requested for eachlocation. If the company operated in two or more distinctlines of manufacturing at the same location, a separatereport was requested for each activity.

An establishment not in operation for any portion ofthe year was requested to return the report form with theproper notation in the ‘‘Operational Status’’ section of theform. In addition, the establishment was requested toreport data on any employees, capital expenditures, inven-tories, or shipments from inventories during the year.

PAYROLL

This item includes the gross earnings of all employeeson the payrolls of operating manufacturing establishmentspaid in the calendar year. Respondents were told theycould follow the definition of payrolls used for calculatingthe Federal withholding tax. It includes all forms of com-pensation, such as salaries, wages, commissions, dis-missal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, andcompensation in kind, prior to such deductions as employ-ees’ social security contributions, withholding taxes,group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. The totalincludes salaries of officers of corporations; it excludespayments to proprietors or partners of unincorporatedconcerns. Also excluded are payments to members ofArmed Forces and pensioners carried on the active pay-rolls of manufacturing establishments.

The census definition of payrolls is identical to that rec-ommended to all Federal statistical agencies by the Officeof Management and Budget. It should be noted that thisdefinition does not include employers’ social security con-tributions or other nonpayroll labor costs, such as employ-ees’ pension plans, group insurance premiums, and work-ers’ compensation.

The ASM provides estimates of employers’ total supple-mental labor costs (those required by Federal and statelaws and those incurred voluntarily or as part of collectivebargaining agreements).

PRODUCT CODES AND CLASSES OF PRODUCTS

NAICS U

textile and fabric finishing (except broadwoven fabric) mills · 1999. 10. 18. · textile and...

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