RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ABUNDANCE OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ABUNDANCE OF MICRO ALGAE AND ECOSYSTEM OF SUNKERI MICRO ALGAE AND ECOSYSTEM OF SUNKERI

BACKWATERS, KARWARBACKWATERS, KARWAR

ULHAS G. NAIKULHAS G. NAIK*, VINOD V. NAYAK# AND N. KUSUMA**, VINOD V. NAYAK# AND N. KUSUMA*

*Department of Marine Biology,*Department of Marine Biology,Karnatak University Post Graduate Centre,Karnatak University Post Graduate Centre,Kodibag, KarwarKodibag, Karwar--581 303, Karnataka, India581 303, Karnataka, India

#Mahasatee Arts, Commerce and Science College, #Mahasatee Arts, Commerce and Science College, Ulga, Karwar, Karnataka, IndiaUlga, Karwar, Karnataka, India

Location of Study Area

(14o51’28” N and 74o09’08” E)

Location of the Study Area in Sunkeri Backwaters River Kali, Karwar

• .

(14o51’28” N and 74o09’08” E)

Hydrographic Parameters

• Temperature

• Salinity

• Dissolved Oxygen

• Hydrogen ion concentration

• Suspended matter

• Vertical Extinction Coefficient (VEC)

• Nutrients: Phosphate-P, Nitrate-N,Nitrite-N and Silicate-

SiO3

PhytoplanktonPhytoplankton

ATAT WTWT SAL.SAL. DODO pHpH SPMSPM VECVEC POPO44 NONO33 NONO22 SiOSiO22

PostPostMonsoonMonsoon 28.428.4 26.6326.63 18.818.8 4.754.75 7.837.83 0.0940.094 0.410.41 0.530.53 0.40.4 0.710.71 140.5140.5

PrePreMonsoonMonsoon 30.530.5 27.0827.08 20.920.9 5.175.17 8.18.1 0.1470.147 0.330.33 0.330.33 0.380.38 0.320.32 104.6104.6

SouthwestSouthwestMonsoon.Monsoon. 28.1228.12 26.1426.14 13.6213.62 5.465.46 7.957.95 0.5570.557 0.220.22 0.370.37 0.280.28 0.540.54 219.3219.3

AT= Air Temperature (oC); WT=Water Temperature (oC); SAL=Salinity (psu); DO= Dissolved Oxygen (ml/l); pH=Hydrogen ion concentration;

SPM= Suspended Particulate Matter (g/l); VEC= Vertical Extinction Coefficient (m);PO4= Phosphate-P (µg at/l); NO3=Nitrate (µg at/l); NO2=Nitrite (µg at/l) and

SiO2= Silicate (µg at/l)

Occurrence of Phytoplankton species at different study stations

Phytoplankton Stn I Stn II Stn III

Class: Cyanophyceae

Trichodesmium erythraeum + + -

Class: Chlorophyceae

Cosmarium sp. + + +

Microasterias sp. - + -

Spirogyra sp. - - +

Zygnema sp. + - -

List of Diatom species

Class: Bacillariophyceae

Stn I

Stn II

StnIII

Coscinodiscus sp. + + +

Skeletonema costatum + + +

Hemidiscus sp. + + +

Melosira sp. + + +

Stephanophyxis sp. + - -

Triceratium sp - + +

B. mobiliensis + - +

Biddulphia sp. + + +

B. obtusa + + +

B. sinensis + + +

Guinardia sp. + - -

Bellorochea sp. + - -

Nitzschia sp. + + +

N. seriata + + +

Ditylum sp. + - +

List of Diatom species

Chaetoceros socialis + - +

C. decipiens + + +

C. lorenzianus + + +

C. affinis - + +

Grammatophora sp. + - -

Campylodiscus sp. - + +

Planktoniella sp. + - +

Bacteriastrum sp. + + +

Eucampia sp. + + +

Clamacodium sp. + + +

Streptotheca sp. + + +

Thallossira sp. + + +

T. gravida + + +

Thallassionema sp. - + +

List of Diatom species

Rhizosolenia alata + - -

R. stolterfothii + + -

R. styliformis + + -

R. hebata + + +

R. robusta + + +

R. castracanei - + -

Thalassiothrix sp. + + +

Asterionella sp. + + -

Pleurosigma sp. + + -

Gyrosigma sp. + + +

Navicula sp. + + +

Lithodesmium sp. + + -

List of Dinoflagellate species

Class: Dinophyceae

Stn I

StnII

StnIII

Peridinium depressum

+ + +

Noctiluca miliaris + + -

Pyrocystis fusiformis + - +

Prorocentrum sp. + + -

Dinophysis sp. + - -

Ornithocercus sp. + + -

Ceratium tripos + - +

C. massiliensis + + +

C. furca + - +

C. fusus + + +

• i) Shannon Weiner Index of Species Diversity

H= -Σ {ni log ni}

N N

• ii) Species Richness Index (d) = S-1

Log N

• iii) Evenness Index (e ) = H

Log S

Where ni = number of individuals of each species

N = total number of individuals

S = number of species

Natural logarithm (ln) was used in all the calculations.

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Monthly variation in the Phytoplankton density and species evenness

Monthly variation in Phytoplankton density and Species Richness

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Monthly variation in the species diversity, evenness & richness of Phytoplankton at study station

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Phytoplankton

Sp. Diversity

Sp.Eveness

Sp.Richness

ATAT WTWT SALSAL DODO pHpH SPMSPM VECVEC PO4PO4 NO3NO3 NO2NO2 SiO2SiO2 PPPP

ATAT 11

0.69050.6905**** 0.4277**0.4277** --0.26020.2602 0.18340.1834 --0.18690.1869 0.00340.0034 --0.36710.3671 0.14240.1424 0.07780.0778 --0.39430.3943 0.2597*0.2597*

WTWT 11 0.2647*0.2647* --0.15950.1595 0.2962*0.2962* 0.01030.0103 0.3529**0.3529** --0.42930.4293 --0.04760.0476 0.1960.196 --0.0270.027 0.3462**0.3462**

SALSAL 11 --0.66590.6659 0.16770.1677 --0.75370.7537 0.4888**0.4888** --0.12890.1289 0.17730.1773 --0.21830.2183 --0.73450.7345 0.3549**0.3549**

DODO 11 0.2803*0.2803* 0.8268**0.8268** --0.47050.4705 --0.38420.3842 --0.22570.2257 --0.19640.1964 0.5165**0.5165** 0.2834*0.2834*

pHpH 11 --0.06250.0625 --0.05640.0564 --0.69750.6975 0.18960.1896 --0.32420.3242 --0.29280.2928 0.4056**0.4056**

SMSM 11 --0.460.46 --0.19390.1939 --0.4340.434 --0.04740.0474 0.6117**0.6117** 0.15770.1577

VECVEC 11 0.15790.1579 0.04890.0489 0.4413**0.4413** --0.00950.0095 --0.04960.0496

PO4PO4 11 0.3021*0.3021* 0.5893**0.5893** 0.04740.0474 --0.3910.391

NO3NO3 11 0.3601**0.3601** --0.18090.1809 0.20260.2026

NO2NO2 AT=Air Temperature; WT=Water Temperature; SAL=Salinity; DO=Dissolved Oxygen; pH=Hydrogen ion concentration; AT=Air Temperature; WT=Water Temperature; SAL=Salinity; DO=Dissolved Oxygen; pH=Hydrogen ion concentration; --0.24720.2472

SiO2SiO2 SPM=Suspended Particulate Matter; VEC=Vertical Extinction Coefficient; PO4=PhosphorusSPM=Suspended Particulate Matter; VEC=Vertical Extinction Coefficient; PO4=Phosphorus--P; NO3= NitrateP; NO3= Nitrate--N; N; --0.21270.2127

PPPP NO2= NitriteNO2= Nitrite--N;SiO3= Silicate; PP= Phytoplankton N;SiO3= Silicate; PP= Phytoplankton 11

* = Significant at 5% level * = Significant at 5% level

** = Significant at 1% level ** = Significant at 1% level

Stepwise multiple regression ( r ) values :

Abiotic (Hydrographic) parameters and

biotic groups of Phytoplankton at study station

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AT WT SAL DO Ph SM VEC PO4 NO3 NO2 SiO2

Abiotic parameters

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Blue Green Algae

Green Algae

Diatoms

Dinoflagellates

Stepwise multiple regression co-efficient for Phytoplankton at study Area

• Blue green algae: Air temperature, Water temperature,salinity and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) and VEC.

• Green algae : Dissolved oxygen, suspended matter,and silicate

• Diatoms : Dissolved oxygen, hydrogen ionconcentration (pH) and suspended matter

• Dinoflagellates: Air temperature, Water temperature,salinity and nitrate