HOME(HTTP://WWW.GOV.PH) PHILIPPINECONSTITUTIONS(HTTP://WWW.GOV.PH/CONSTITUTIONS/)THE1899MALOLOSCONSTITUTION

The1899MalolosConstitution

LACONSTITUCINDEMALOLOS THEMALOLOSCONSTITUTION

Nosotros,losRepresentantesdelPuebloFilipino,convocadoslegtimamenteparaestablecerlajusticia,proveeraladefensecomn,promoverelbiengeneralyasegurarlosbeneficiosdelalibertad,implorandoelauxiliodelSoberanoLegisladordelUniversoparaalcanzarestosfines,hemosvotado,decretadoysancionadolasiguiente:

We,theRepresentativesoftheFilipinoPeople,legallyconvenedtoestablishjustice,provideforthecommondefense,promotethegeneralwelfareandensuretheblessingsofliberty,imploringtheaidoftheSovereignLawgiveroftheUniverseinordertoobtaintheseobjectives,havevoted,decreedandapprovedthefollowing:

CONSTITUCINPOLTICA POLITICALCONSTITUTION

TtuloIDelaRepblica Title1OntheRepublic

Artculo1LaasociacinpolticadetodoslosfilipinosconstituyeunaNacincuyoestadosedenominaRepblicaFilipina.

Article1ThepoliticalassociationofallFilipinosconstitutesaNation,whoseStateshallbenamedthePhilippineRepublic.

Artculo2LaRepblicaFilipinaeslibreeindependiente.

Article2ThePhilippineRepublicisfreeandindependent.

Artculo3Lasoberanaresideexclusivamente Article3Sovereigntyresidesexclusivelyin

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enelpueblo. thepeople.

TitleIIDelGobierno TitleIIOntheGovernment

Artculo4ElGobiernodelaRepblicaespopular,representativo,alternativeyresponsableyloejercentrespoderesdistintosquesedenominanlegislativo,ejecutivoyjudicial.Nuncapodrnreunirsedosomsdeestospoderesenunapersonaocorporacinnidepositarseellegislativoenunsoloindividuo.

Article4TheGovernmentoftheRepublicispopular,representative,alternativeandresponsible,andshallbedividedamongthreedistinctpowers,whichshallbenamedlegislative,executiveandjudicial.Nevercantwoormoreofthesepowersbegiventoapersonorcorporation,norshallthepowerofthelegislativebevestedinanysingleindividual.

TtuloIIIDelaReligin TitleIIIOnReligion

Artculo5ElEstadoreconocelalibertadeigualdaddetodosloscultos,ascomolaseparacindelaIglesiaydelEstado.

Article5TheStaterecognizesthefreedomandequalityofallbeliefs,aswellastheseparationofChurchandState.

TtuloIVDelosFilipinosysusDerechosNacionaleseIndividuales

TitleIVOntheFilipinosandtheirNationalandIndividualRights

Artculo6 Article6

Sonfilipinos:1.Todaslaspersonasnacidasenterritoriofilipino.Unaembarcacinconpabellnfilipinoesconsideradaparaesteefectocomopartedelterritoriofilipino.2.Loshijosdepadreomadrefilipinos,aunquehayannacidofueradefilipinas.3.Losextranjerosquehayanobtenidocartadenaturaleza.4.Losque,sinella,hayanganadovecindadencualquierpueblodelterritoriofilipino.

ThefollowingareFilipinos:1.AllpersonsborninPhilippineterritory.AnyseavesselwherethePhilippineflagisflownisconsidered,forthispurpose,apartofPhilippineterritory.2.ChildrenofaFilipinofatherormother,eventhoughtheywerebornoutsidethePhilippines.3.Foreignerswhohaveobtainedthecertificateofnaturalization.4.Thosewho,withoutsuchcertificate,haveacquireddomicileinanytownwithinPhilippineterritory.

Seentiendeganadalavecindadconlapermanenciadurantedosaossininterrupcin,enunalocalidaddelterritoriofilipino,teniendocasaabiertaymododevivirconocidoycontribuyendoatodaslascargasdelanacin.Lacalidaddefilipinosepierdeconarregloalasleyes.

ItisunderstoodthatdomicileisacquiredthroughanuninterruptedresidenceoftwoyearsinalocalitywithinPhilippineterritory,keepinganopenhouseandhavingaknownoccupation,andpayingallthetaxesimposedbytheNation.Philippinecitizenshipislostinaccordancetothelaws.

Artculo7Ningnfilipinoniextranjeropodrserdetenidonipresosinoporcausadedelitoyconarregloalasleyes.

Article7NoFilipinoorforeignercanbedetainedorimprisonedexceptbyvirtueofacrimeandinaccordancetothelaws.

Artculo8Tododetenidoserpuestoenlibertadoentregadoalaautoridadjudicialdentrodelasveinticuatrohorassiguientesalactodeladetencin.

Article8Anydetaineeshalleitherbesetfree,orbegiventojudicialauthoritywithinthenexttwentyfourhoursfollowingtheactofdetention.

TodadetencinsedejarsinefectooseelevaraprisindentrodelassetentaydoshorasdehabersidoentregadoeldetenidoalJuezcompetente.

Anydetentionshalleitherberenderedwithouteffect,orberaisedtoimprisonmentwithinseventytwohoursofthedetaineebeinghandedovertoacompetentcourt.

Laprovidenciaquesedictaresenotificaralinteresadodentrodelmismoplazo.

Theinterestedpartyshallbedulynotifiedwithinthesameperiodofwhateverdecisionpronounced.

Artculo9NingnfilipinopodrserpresosinoenvirtuddemandamientodeJuezcompetente.

Article9NoFilipinocanbeimprisonedexceptbyvirtueofawarrantissuedbyacompetentcourt.

Elautoporelcualsehayadictadoelmandamientoseratificarorepondr,odoelpresuntoreo,dentrodelassetentaydoshorassiguientesalactodelaprisin.

Theorderthroughwhichthewarranthasbeenpronouncedshallberatifiedorrevised,afterhavingheardtheaccused,withinseventytwohoursfollowingtheactofimprisonment.

Artculo10Nadiepuedeentrareneldomiciliodeunfilipinooextranjeroresidenteenfilipinassinsuconsentimiento,exceptoenloscasosurgentesdeincendio,inundacin,terremotouotropeligroodeagresinilegtimaprocedentedeadentrooparaauxiliarapersonaquedesdeallpidasocorro.Fueradeestoscasos,laentradaendomiciliodeunfilipinooextranjeroresidenteenFilipinasyelregistrodesuspapelesoefectosslopodrndecretarseporJuezcompetenteyejecutarsededa.Elregistrodepapelesyefectosseverificarsiempreapresenciadelinteresadoodeunindividuodesufamiliay,ensudefecto,dedostestigosvecinosdelmismopueblo.Sinembargo,cuandoundelincuentehalladoinfragantiyperseguidoporlaautoridadconsusagentesse

Article10NobodycanentertheplaceofresidenceofanyFilipinoorforeignresidentinthePhilippineswithouthisconsent,exceptinurgentcasesoffire,flood,earthquakeoranysimilardanger,orofunlawfulaggressioncomingfromwithin,orinordertohelpanypersonwhothereinasksforhelp.Otherthanthesecases,entryintotheplaceofresidenceofanyFilipinoorforeignresidentinthePhilippines,andsearchinghispapersoreffectscanbeorderedonlybyacompetentcourtandbeexecutedonlyindaytime.Thesearchofpapersandeffectsshallalwaysbemadeinthepresenceofthepersonconcernedoranymemberofhisfamilyand,intheirabsence,oftwowitnessesfromthesameneighborhood.However,shouldadelinquentcaughtinfragantiandpursuedby

refugiareensudomicilio,podrnstospenetrarenlsloparaelactodelaaprehensin.Siserefugiareendomicilioajeno,precederrequerimientoaldueodeste.

theauthoritiesthroughtheiragentstakerefugeinhisplaceofresidence,theseagentscanenterthereinforthesolepurposeofcarryingoutthearrest.Shouldthedelinquentseekrefugeinanotherpersonshouse,permissionmustbefirstobtainedfromitsowner.

Artculo11Ningnfilipinopodrsercompelidoamudardedomiciliooderesidenciasinoenvirtuddesentenciaejecutoria.

Article11NoFilipinocanbecompelledtochangehisplaceofresidenceexceptbyvirtueofanexecutoryorder.

Artculo12Enningncasopodrdetenerse,niabrirseporlaautoridadgubernativalacorrespondenciaconfiadaalcorreo,nitampocodedetenerselatelegrficaotelefnica.PeroenvirtuddeautodeJuezcompetente,podrdetenersecualquieracorrespondenciaytambinabrirseenpresenciadelprocesadolaquesedirijaporelcorreo.

Article12Innowayshallanycorrespondenceentrustedtothepostofficeoranymessagesentthroughtelegraphortelephonebewithheldoropenedbygovernmentauthorities.However,byvirtueofanorderfromacompetentcourt,acorrespondencemaybewithheld,andwhatevermessagesentthroughthepostalsystemmaybeopenedinthepresenceofadefendant.

Artculo13Todoautodeprisin,deregistrodemoradaodedetencindelacorrespondenciaescrita,telegrficaotelefnicasermotivado.Cuandoelautocarezcadeesterequisitoocuandolosmotivosenquesehayafundadosedeclaren,enjuicio,ilegtimosonotoriamenteinsuficientes,lapersonaquehubieresidopresaocuyaprisinnosehubiereratificadodentrodelplazosealadoenelartculo9,ocuyodomiciliohubieresidoallanado,ocuyacorrespondenciahubieresidodetenida,tendrderechoareclamarlasresponsabilidadesconsiguientes.

Article13Anywarranttoarrest,tosearchaplaceofresidenceandtowithholdwritten,telegraphicortelephonecorrespondencemustbedulyjustified.Shouldthewarrantlackthisrequisite,orwhenthemotivesonwhichsuchwarranthasbeenbasedaredeclaredillegalornotoriouslyinsufficientbyacourt,thepersonthathasbeenimprisoned,orwhoseimprisonmenthasnotbeenratifiedwithintheperiodrequiredinArticle9,orwhoseplaceofresidencehasbeensearched,orwhosecorrespondencehasbeenwithheld,willhavetherighttofileforcorrespondingdamages.

Artculo14Ningnfilipinopodrserprocesadonisentenciado,sinoporelJuezoTribunalaquien,envirtuddeleyesanterioresaldelito,competasuconocimientoyenlaformaquestasprescriban.

Article14NoFilipinocanbeprosecutedorsentencedexceptbythejudgeorcourtthat,byvirtueofthelawsprevioustothecrime,hasbeengivenjurisdiction,andinthemannerthattheselawsprescribe.

Artculo15Todapersonadetenidaopresasinlasformalidadeslegales,fueradeloscasosprevistosenestaConstitucin,serpuestaenlibertadapeticinsuyaodecualquierfilipino.Lasleyesdeterminarnlaformadeprocedersumariamenteenestecaso,ascomolaspenaspersonalesypecuniariasenquehayadeincurrirelqueordenare,ejecutareohiciereejecutarladetencinoprisinilegal.

Article15Anypersondetainedorimprisonedwithoutthelegalformalities,saveforthecasesprovidedforinthisConstitution,willbesetfreeuponhisownrequestorthatofanyFilipino.Thelawsshalldeterminetheproceedingssummarilyinthiscase,aswellasthepersonalandpecuniarypenaltiesthatmustbeincurredbywhosoevershallorder,executeorcausetoexecutetheillegaldetentionorimprisonment.

Artculo16Nadiepodrserprivadotemporaloperpetuamentedesusbienesyderechos,niturbadoenlaposesindeellossinoenvirtuddesentenciajudicial.Losfuncionariosque,bajocualquierpretexto,infrinjanestaprescripcin,sernpersonalmenteresponsablesdeldaocausado.

Article16Nobodyshallbedeniedofhispropertyandrightswhethertemporarilyorpermanently,orbedisturbedinthepossessionofthesame,exceptbyvirtueofajudicialsentence.Governmentofficialswho,underanypretext,infringethisprovisionshallbeheldpersonallyresponsibleforwhateverdamagecaused.

Artculo17Nadiepodrserexpropiadodesusbienes,sinoporcausadenecesidadyutilidadcomnpreviamentejustificadasydeclaradasporlaautoridadcorrespondientemedianteindemnizacinalpropietario,conanticipacinalaexpropiacin.

Article17Nobodyshallbeexpropriatedofhisproperties,exceptbyreasonofcommonnecessityandutility,previouslyjustifiedanddeclaredbytheproperauthority,andthroughindemnificationoftheownerpriortoexpropriation.

Artculo18NadieestobligadoapagarcontribucinquenohayasidovotadaporlaAsambleaoporlasCorporacionespopulareslegalmenteautorizadasparaimponerlaycuyaexaccinnosehagaenlaformaprescritaporlaley.

Article18NobodyisrequiredtopayanytaxthathasnotbeenapprovedbytheAssemblyorbypopularCorporationslegallyauthorizedtoimposethesame,andwhoseexactionisnotmadeintheformprescribedbylaw.

Artculo19Ningnfilipinoquesehalleenelplenogocedesusderechoscivilesypolticospodrserimpedidoenellibreejerciciodelosmismos.

Article19NoFilipinowhofindshimselfinfullenjoymentofhiscivilandpoliticalrightsshallbepreventedfromthefreeexerciseofthesame.

Artculo20Tampocopodrserprivadoningnfilipino:1.Delderechodeemitirlibrementesusideasyopinionesyadepalabra,yaporescrito,valindosedelaimprentaodeotroprocedimiento

Article20NeithershallanyFilipinobedenied:1.Oftherighttofreelyexpresshisideasandopinions,betheyorallyorinwriting,throughtheuseofprintoranyothersimilarmeans2.Oftherightofassociationforall

semejante2.Delderechodeasociarseparatodoslosfinesdelavidahumanaquenoseancontrariosalamoralpblicayporltimo3.Delderechodedirigirpeticiones,individualocolectivamente,alospoderespblicosyalasautoridades.Elderechodepeticinnopodrejercerseporningunaclasedefuerzaarmada.

purposesofhumanlifethatnotcontrarytopublicmoralsandlastly,3.Oftherighttoaddressapetition,whetherindividuallyorcollectively,topublicpowersandauthorities.Therighttopetitionshallinnowaybeexercisedbymeansofarms.

Artculo21Elejerciciodelosderechosexpresadosenelartculoanteriorestarsujetoalasdisposicionesgeneralesquelosregulen.

Article21Theexerciseoftherightsprovidedforintheprecedingarticleshallbesubjecttothegeneralregulationsthatregulatethem.

Artculo22Losdelitosquesecometanconocasindelejerciciodelosderechosconsignadosenestettulosernpenadosporlostribunalesconarregloalasleyescomunes.

Article22Crimesthatarecommittedintheexerciseoftherightsguaranteedinthistitleshallbepenalizedbythecourtsinaccordancetothecommonlaw.

Artculo23Todofilipinopodrfundarymantenerestablecimientosdeinstruccinodeeducacin,conarregloalasprescripcionesqueseestablezcan.LaenseanzapopularseraobligatoriaygratuitaenlasescuelasdelaNacin.

Article23AnyFilipinocancreateandmaintaininstitutionsofinstructionoreducation,inaccordancewiththeestablishedprescriptions.Publicinstructionshallbeobligatoryandfreeofchargeinstateschools.

Artculo24Todoextranjeropodrestablecerlibrementeenterritoriofilipino,consujecinalasdisposicionesqueregulenlamateria,ejercerenlsuindustriaodedicarseacualquieraprofesinparacuyodesempeonoexijanlasleyesttulosdeaptitudexpedidosporlasautoridadesnacionales.

Article24AnyforeignercanfreelyresideinPhilippineterritory,subjecttothedispositionsregulatingthematter,practicehisprofessiontherein,orengageinanyworkthatmaybeperformedwithoutthecertificatesofaptitudeissuedbypublicauthoritiesandrequiredunderthelaw.

Artculo25Aningnfilipinoqueestenelplenogocedesusderechospoliticosycivilespodrimpedrselesalirlibrementedelterritorionitrasladarsuresidenciayhaberesapasextranjero,salvaslasobligacionesdecontribuiralserviciomilitaryalmantenimientodelascargaspblicas.

Article25AnyFilipinowhoisinthefullenjoymentofhispoliticalandcivilrightscannotbepreventedfromleavingtheterritoryfreely,norcanhebehinderedfromtransferringhisresidenceandpropertiestoaforeigncountry,exceptwhenheisrequiredtorendermilitaryserviceormaintainpubliccharges.

Artculo26ElextranjeroquenoestuvierenaturalizadonopodrejercerenFilipinascargoalgunoquetengaanejaautoridadojurisdiccin.

Article26AnyforeignerwhoisnotnaturalizedcannotexerciseanyofficeinthePhilippinesthatcarriesanyauthorityorjurisdiction.

Artculo27TodofilipinoestobligadoadefenderlaPatriaconlasarmascuandoseallamadoporlaley,yacontribuiralosgastosdelEstadoenproporcinasushaberes.

Article27EveryFilipinoisrequiredtoriseinarmstodefendtheMotherlandwheneverheissummonedbythelaw,andtocontributetotheexpensesoftheStateinamannerproportionaltohismeans.

Artculo28Laenumeracindelosderechosconsignadosenestettulonoimplicalaprohibicindecualquierotronoconsignadoexpresamente.

Article28Theenumerationoftherightsguaranteedunderthistitledoesnotimplytheprohibitionofanyotherrightnotexpresslystatedherein.

Artculo29Nosernecesarialapreviaautorizacinparaprocesarantelosfuncionariospblicos,cualquieraqueseaeldelitoquecometieren.Elmandatosuperiornoeximirderesponsabilidadenloscasosdeinfraccinmanifiesta,clarayterminantedeunaprescripcinconstitucional.Enlasdems,soloeximiralosagentesquenoejerzanautoridad.

Article29Previousauthorizationshallnotberequiredtoprosecutepublicofficialsbeforethelowercourts,whatevertheoffensetheyhavecommittedmaybe.Asuperiorordershallnotexemptapublicofficialfromhisresponsibilityincaseswherethereisamanifest,clearandperemptoryinfractionagainstaprovisionoftheConstitution.Otherwise,itwillonlyexemptagentswhodonotexerciseanyauthority.

Artculo30Lasgarantasconsignadasenlosartculos7,8,9,10y11,yprrafos1y2del20nopodrnsuspenderseentodalaRepblicanienpartedeella,sinotemporalmenteypormediodeunaley,cuandoloexijalaseguridaddeEstadoencircunstanciasextraordinarias.Promulgadaaqullaenelterritorioaqueseaplicare,regirdurantelasuspensinunaleyespecial,segnlascircunstanciasloexijan.TantostacomoaqullasernvotadasenlaAsambleaNacionalyenelcasodequestaestuviesecerrada,elGobiernoquedafacultadoparadictarla,deacuerdoconlaComisinPermanente,sinperjuiciodeconvocaraaqullaalamayorbrevedadydarcuentadelosquehubierahecho.Peronienunanienotraleyse

Article30TheprovisionsguaranteedinArticles7,8,9,10and11,andParagraphs1and2ofArticle20cannotbesuspendedfortheentireRepublicorforanyofitsparts,excepttemporarilyandbymeansofalaw,wheneverthesecurityoftheStatesorequiresunderextraordinarycircumstances.Uponpromulgationofsuchsuspensionintheterritoryconcerned,aspeciallawshallbeenforcedduringtheperiodofsuspensionaccordingtowhateverthecircumstancesrequire.BothsuspensionandspeciallawwillbevotedonintheNationalAssembly,andshoulditbeinrecess,theGovernmentshallbeempoweredtoenactit,inaccordwiththePermanentCommission,

podrnsuspendermsgarantasquelasconsignadasenelprimerprrafodeesteartculo,niautorizaralGobiernoparaextraardelpasnideportaraningnfilipino.Enningncasolosjefesmilitaresocivilespodrnestablecerotrapenalidadquelaprescritapreviamenteporlaley.

withoutanyprejudicetoconvokingtheAssemblyassoonaspossibleandaccountingforwhatevermoveithasundertaken.However,innolawcanotherrightsbesuspendedasidefromthoseprovidedforinthefirstparagraphofthisarticle,norshallitauthorizetheGovernmenttoexileordeportanyFilipinofromthecountry.Innocasecanmilitaryorcivilofficialsestablishanotherpunishmentotherthanwhathasbeenpreviouslyprescribedbythelaw.

Artculo31EnlaRepblicaFilipinanadiepuedeserjuzgadoporleyesprivativasniportribunalesespeciales.Ningunapersonanicorporacinpuedetenerfuerosnigozaremolumentosquenoseancompensacindeunserviciopblicoyestnfijadosporlaley.Subsisteelfuerodeguerraymarinasolamenteparalosdelitosyfaltasquetenganconexinntimaconladisciplinamilitarymartima.

Article31NobodyinthePhilippineRepubliccanbebroughttotrialunderprivativelawsorinspecialcourts.Nopersonorcorporationcanhaveprivilegesorenjoyemolumentsthatarenotobtainedascompensationforpublicserviceanddeterminedunderthelaw.Armyandnavylawsshallonlyapplytocrimesandoffensescloselyrelatedtothemilitaryandnavaldiscipline.

Artculo32Ningnfilipinopodrestablecermayorazgos,niinstitucionesvinculadorasdelapropiedad,niaceptarhonores,condecoracionesottuloshonorficosydenoblezadelasnacionesextranjerassinautorizacindelGobierno.TampocopodrestablecerelGobiernodelaRepblicalasinstitucionessealadasenelprrafoanterior,niotorgarhonores,condecoracionesottuloshonorficosydenoblezaaningnfilipino.LaNacin,sinembargo,premiarporunaleyespecial,votadaporlaAsamblea,losservicioseminentesqueprestenlosciudadanosalaPatria.

Article32NoFilipinocanestablishmajoratsorinstitutionsthatentailproperty,oraccepthonors,distinctions,honorifictitlesortitlesofnobilityfromforeignnationswithouttheauthorizationoftheGovernment.NeithercantheGovernmentoftheRepublicestablishtheinstitutionsaforementionedintheprecedingparagraph,norcanitconferhonors,distinctions,honorifictitlesortitlesofnobilitytoanyFilipino.TheNation,however,shallawardbymeansofaspeciallawapprovedbytheAssemblythedistinguishedservicesrenderedbyitscitizenstotheMotherland.

TtuloIVDelPoderLegislativo TitleIVOnLegislativePower

Artculo33ElpoderlegislativoseejercerporunaAsociacindeRepresentantesdela

Article33LegislativepowershallbeexercisedbyanAssemblyofRepresentativesofthe

Nacin.EstaAsambleaestarorganizadaenlaformaycondicionesdeterminadasporlaleyquealefectosedicte.

Nation.ThisAssemblyshallbeorganizedintheformandconditionsdeterminedbythelawenactedforsuchpurpose.

Artculo34LosmiembrosdelaAsamblearepresentarnatodalaNacinynoesclusivamente[sic]aloselectoresquelesnombraron.

Article34ThemembersoftheAssemblyshallrepresenttheentireNation,andnotonlythevoterswhoelectedthem.

Artculo35Ningnrepresentantepodradmitirdesuselectoresmandatoalgunoimperativo.

Article35Norepresentativecanreceiveanyimperativemandatefromhisvoters.

Artculo36LaAsambleasereunirtodoslosaos.CorrespondealPresidentedelaRepblicaconvocarla,suspenderycerrarsussesionesydisolverla,deacuerdoconlamismaoconlaComisinPermanente,ensudefecto,ydentrodelosplazoslegales.

Article36TheAssemblywillconveneeveryyear.ItisthedutyofthePresidentoftheRepublictoconvokeit,suspendandcloseitssessions,anddissolveit,withitsconcurrenceorwiththatofthePermanentCommission,intheabsenceoftheformer,andwithintheperiodgrantedunderthelaw.

Artculo37LaAsambleaestarabiertaalmenostresmesescadaao,sinincluirenestetiempoelqueseinviertaensuconstitucin.ElPresidentedelaRepblicalaconvocar,amstardar,paraelda15deabril.

Article37TheAssemblyshallbeopenforatleastthreemonthsinayear,withthetimespentinitsorganizationexcludedfromthisperiod.ThePresidentoftheRepublicshallconvokeitonthe15thofAprilatthelatest.

Artculo38EncasoextraordinariopodrconvocarlafueradelperodolegaldeacuerdoconlaComisinPermanenteyprolongarlalegislaturasiemprequeelplazonoexcedadeunmes,niseverifiquemsdedosvecesenlamismalegislatura.

Article38Inextraordinarycases,hecanconvokeitoutsidetheperiodgrantedunderthelaw,withtheconcurrenceofthePermanentCommission,andextendlegislativework,providedthattheextensionshallnotexceedtheperiodofonemonthandthatitshallnotbeheldformorethantwicewithinthesamelegislature.

Artculo39LaAsambleaNacional,enunindelosRepresentantesextraordinarios,formarlasconstituyentesparaprocederalareformadelaConstitucinyalaeleccindelnuevoPresidentedelaRepblica,convocadasconunmes,porlomenos,deanticipacinalaterminacindelospoderesdeaqul.EncasodemuerteodedimisindelPresidentedelaRepblica,laAsambleasereunirenseguidapor

Article39TheNationalAssembly,togetherwithextraordinaryrepresentatives,shallformaconstituentbodyinordertoproceedtothereformoftheConstitutionandtheelectionofanewPresidentoftheRepublic.Itshallbeconvenedatleastamonthpriortotheexpirationofthepowersoftheformer.IncasethePresidentoftheRepublicdiesorresignshisoffice,theAssemblyshallconveneimmediately

derechopropioyainiciativadesuPresidenteodelaComisinPermanente.

onitsown,eitherthroughtheinitiativeofitsPresident,orthatofthePermanentCommission.

Artculo40nterinseprocedealnombramientodenuevoPresidentedelaRepblica,ejercersusfuncioneselPresidentedelaCorteSupremadeJusticiaquesersustituidoporunodelosmiembrosdeesteTribunalconarregloalasleyes.

Article40WhilethenewPresidentoftheRepublichasyettobenamed,hisdutiesshallbeexercisedbythePresidentoftheSupremeCourtofJustice,whointurnshallbesubstitutedinhisdutiesbyoneofthemembersofthissaidtribunalinaccordancetothelaws.

Artculo41CualquierareunindelaAsambleaqueseverifiquefueradelperododelegislaturaordinariaserilcitaynula.Exceptanseelcasoprevistoporelttulo39,yenelquelaAsambleaseconstituyaenTribunaldeJusticia,nopudiendoejercerenesteltimocasootrasfuncionesquelasjudiciales.

Article41WhatevermeetingoftheAssemblyheldoutsidetheordinaryperiodoflegislationshallbeillegalandvoid,exceptinthecaseprovidedforinArticle39,orintheeventwhentheAssemblyisconvenedasaCourtofJustice,inwhichcasenofunctioncanbeexercisedotherthanitsjudicialpowers.

Artculo42LassesionesdelaAsambleasernpblicas.Sinembargopodrsersecretasapeticindeciertonmerodesusindividuos,fijadoporelReglamento,decidindosedespuspormayoraabsolutadevotosdelosmiembrospresentessiladiscussionsobreelmismoobjetohadecontinuarenpblico.

Article42ThesessionsoftheAssemblyshallbedoneinpublic.However,theycanbeheldprivatelyupontherequestofacertainnumberofitsmembersdeterminedunderitsbylaws,withadecisionafterwardsthroughanabsolutemajorityofvotesamongitsmembersinattendanceifthediscussiononthesamesubjectshouldcontinueinpublic.

Artculo43ElPresidentedelaRepblicasecomunicarconlaAsambleapormediodemensajesquesernledosenlatribunaporunSecretariodelGobierno.LosSecretariosdeGobiernotendrnentradaenlaAsambleaconderechoaqueselesconcedalapalabra,siemprequelapidan,ypodrnhacerserepresentarenladiscusindeunproyectodeterminadoporcomisionadosdesignadospordecretodelPresidentedelaRepblica.

Article43ThePresidentoftheRepublicshallcommunicatewiththeAssemblythroughmessagesthatshallbereadfromthetribunebyaSecretaryofGovernment.TheSecretariesofGovernmentcanentertheAssemblywiththerighttobegiventheflooriftheysowish,andcanberepresentedinthedeliberationofanyparticularbillbyenvoysdesignatedbydecreeofthePresidentoftheRepublic.

Artculo44PodrconstituirselaAsambleaenTribunaldeJusticiaparajuzgarlosdelitoscometidoscontrala

Article44TheAssemblycanbeconvenedasaCourtofJusticetopassjudgmentoncrimesagainstthesecurityofthe

seguridaddelEstadoporelPresidentedelaRepblicaeindividuosdelConsejodeGobierno,porelPresidentedelaCorteSupremadeJusticiayporelProcuradorGeneraldelaNacin,pormediodeundecretodelamismaodelaComisinPermanenteensudefecto,odelPresidentedelaRepblicaapropuestadelProcuradorGeneralodelConsejodeGobierno.Lasleyesdeterminarnelmododeprocederparalaacusacin,instruccinyremisin.

StatebythePresidentoftheRepublic,andmembersoftheCouncilofGovernment,bythePresidentoftheSupremeCourtofJustice,andbytheSolicitorGeneraloftheNation,bymeansofadecreeissuedbytheAssemblyitself,orbythePermanentCommissionintheabsenceoftheformer,orbythePresidentoftheRepublicuponrecommendationoftheSolicitorGeneralortheCouncilofGovernment.Thelawsshalldeterminetheproceduresforaccusation,investigationandpardon.

Artculo45NingnmiembrodelaAsambleapodrserperseguidonimolestadoporlasopinionesqueexprese,niporlosvotosqueemitaenelejerciciodesucargo.

Article45NomemberoftheAssemblycanbepersecutedorharassedforwhateveropinionheexpresses,norforthevotesthathecastsintheexerciseofhisoffice.

Artculo46NingnindividuodelaAsambleapodrserprocesadoenmateriacriminalsinautorizacindelamismaodelaComisinPermanente,alaquesedarcuentainmediatamentedelhechoparalaresolucinqueproceda.Laprisin,detencinoapprehensiondeunmiembrodelaAsambleanopodrllevarseacabosinpreviaautorizacindelamismaodelaComisinPermanente.PerounaveznotificadalaAsambleasobreelautodeprisin,incurrirenresponsabilidadsi,dentrodedosdassiguientesalanotificacin,noautorizarelaprisinomanifestarelosmotivosenquesefundesunegativa.

Article46NomemberoftheAssemblycanbeprosecutedoncriminalmatterswithouttheauthorizationoftheAssemblyorofthePermanentCommission,towhichanaccountofthemattershallbeimmediatelyrenderedfortheappropriateresolution.Imprisonment,detentionorarrestofamemberoftheAssemblycannotbedonewithoutpriorauthorizationfromtheAssemblyorfromthePermanentCommission.However,oncetheAssemblyhasbeennotifiedaboutthewarrantofarrest,itshallbeheldliableif,withinthenexttwodaysafternotification,itdoesnotauthorizeimprisonmentormanifestthereasonsforrefusingthesame.

Artculo47LaAsambleaNacionaltendrademslasfacultadessiguientes:1.FormarelReglamentoparasugobiernointerior2.Examinarlalegalidaddelaseleccionesylaaptitudlegaldelosindividuoselegidos3.NombraralconstituirsesuPresidente,VicePresidenteySecretarios.MientraslaAsambleanoseadisuelta,suPresidente,Vice

Article47TheNationalAssemblyshallalsohavethefollowingpowers:1.Createbylawsforitsinternalgovernance2.Examinethelegalityofelectionandlegalaptitudeoftheelectedmembers3.Uponitsconvocation,appointitsPresident,VicePresidentandSecretaries.ProvidedthattheAssemblyisnotdissolved,its

PresidenteySecretarioscontinuarnejerciendosuscargosdurantelascuatrolegislaturas,y4.AdmitirlasdimisionespresentadasporsusindividuosyconcederlaslicenciasconsujecinalReglamento.

President,VicePresidentandSecretariesshallcontinueexercisingtheirofficeforfourtermsand4.Accepttheresignationpresentedbyitsmembersandgrantleavesofabsenceinaccordancetothebylaws.

Artculo48NingnproyectopodrllegaraserleysinqueantesseavotadoenlaAsamblea.ParavotarlasleyesserequierelapresenciaenlaAsambleadelacuartaparte,cuandomenos,delnmerototaldolosindividuosquetenganaprobadassusactasyhayanprestadojuramento.

Article48NobillmaybepassedintolawwithoutbeingsubmittedintoavoteintheAssembly.Thepresenceofatleastafourthpartofthetotalnumberofmemberswhoseelectionhasbeendulyapprovedandhavebeensworntoofficeisrequiredinordertopassalaw.

Artculo49NingnproyectodeleypuedeaprobarseporlaAsambleasinodespusdehabersidovotadoensutotalidadydespusartculoporartculo.

Article49NobillmaybeapprovedbytheAssemblyuntilafterithasbeenvoteduponinitsentirety,andsubsequentlyarticlebyarticle.

Artculo50LaAsambleatieneelderechodecensura,ycadaunodesusindividuoseldeinterpelacin.

Article50TheAssemblyhastherightofcensure,andeachofitsmembers,therightofinterpellation.

Artculo51LainiciativadelasleyescorrespondealPresidentedelaRepblicayalaAsamblea.

Article51TheinitiativeofthelawsbelongstothePresidentoftheRepublicandtheAssembly.

Artculo52ElRepresentantedelaAsambleaqueaceptedelGobiernopensin,empleoocomisinconsueldo,seentenderquerenunciaasucargo.ExceptansedeestadisposicinelempleodeSecretariodeGobiernodelaRepblica,yotroscargossealadosenleyesespeciales.

Article52AnyrepresentativeoftheAssemblywhoacceptspension,employmentorassignmentwithcorrespondingremunerationfromtheGovernmentshallbeconsideredresignedfromhisoffice.ExemptedfromthisaretheofficeoftheSecretaryofGovernmentoftheRepublic,andotherpositionsprovidedforinspeciallaws.

Artculo53ElcargodeRepresentanteduracuatroaosytienenderecholosquelaejerzanporvadeindemnizacinaunasumadeterminadaporlaleyconarregloalascircunstancias.

Article53Theofficeofarepresentativeshallbeforfouryears,andthosewhoexercisesuchofficeshallhavetherighttoreceiveasaformofcompensationanamountprovidedforunderthelawandinaccordancetothecircumstances.

Notienenderechoaestaindemnizacinlosqueseausenten

Thosewhofailtoattendtheentireperiodoflegislationshallnothave

durantetodalalegislaturaperorecobranelderechosiasistenalassiguientes.

therighttoreceivecompensation,butshallregainsuchrightoncetheyattendthesessionsthereafter.

TtuloVIDelaComisinPermanente TitleVIOnthePermanentCommission

Artculo54LaAsamblea,antesdecerrarsussesiones,elegirasietedesusmiembrosparaqueformenlaComisinPermanenteduranteelperodoenqueestcerrada,debiendostaensuprimerasessiondesignarPresidenteySecretario.

Article54TheAssembly,beforeclosingitssessions,shallelectsevenofitsmemberstoconstitutethePermanentCommissionduringtheperiodthatitisinrecess,withtheobligationthatthelatterdesignateaPresidentandaSecretaryonitsfirstsession.

Artculo55SonatribucionesdelaComisinPermanente,endefectodelaAsamblea:1.DeclararsihayonolugaraformacindecausacontraelPresidentedelaRepblica,losRepresentantes,SecretariosdeGobierno,PresidentedelaCorteSupremadeJusticiayProcuradorGeneralenloscasosprevistosporestaConstitucin2.ConvocaralaAsambleaaunareuninextraordinariaenloscasosenquedebaconstituirseenTribunaldeJusticia.3.Dartramitealosnegociosquehubierenquedadopendientesparaquepuedantomarseenconsideracin.4.ConvocaralaAsambleaalassesionesextraordinariascuandolaexigenciadelcasolademande,y5.SupliralaAsambleaensusfacultadesconarregloalaConstitucin,excepcinhechadelafacultaddehaceryvotarlasleyes.LaComisinPermanentesereunirsiemprequefuereconvocadaporelquelapresida,conarregloaestaConstitucin.

Article55ThePermanentCommission,intheabsenceoftheAssembly,shallbeempoweredto:1.DeclarewhetherornotthereissufficientcausetotakelegalactionagainstthePresidentoftheRepublic,theRepresentatives,theSecretariesofGovernment,thePresidentoftheSupremeCourtofJustice,andtheSolicitorGeneralinthecasesprovidedforinthisConstitution2.ConvenetheAssemblyinextraordinarysessionincaseswhentheCourtofJusticemustbeconstituted3.Actonmattersthathaveremainedunresolvedinorderforthemtobetakenintoconsideration4.ConvenetheAssemblyinextraordinarysessionswhentheexigencyofthecasesorequiresand5.SubstitutetheAssemblyintheexerciseofitspowersinaccordancetotheConstitution,exceptinthepowerofcreatingandpassinglaws.ThePermanentCommissionshallmeetwheneveritisconvenedbywhoeverpresidesoveritinaccordancetothisConstitution.

TtuloVIIDelPoderEjecutivo TitleVIIOnExecutivePower

Artculo56ElpoderejecutivoresidirenelPresidentedelaRepblicaqueloejercepormediodesusSecretarios.

Article56ExecutivepowerresidesinthePresidentoftheRepublic,whoshallexerciseitthroughhisSecretaries.

Artculo57LagestindelosinteresespeculiaresdelospueblosdelasprovinciasydelEstadocorresponde,respectivamente,alasAsambleaspopulares,alasAsambleasprovincialesyalaAdministracinactivaconarregloalasleyesysobrelabasedelamsampliadescentralizacinyautonomaadministrativas.

Article57Theadministrationoftheparticularinterestsoftowns,provincesandtheStateshallbeentrustedrespectivelytotownassemblies,provincialassembliesandtheincumbentAdministrationinaccordancetothelaw,andshallbebasedonthebroadestdecentralizationandautonomyofadministration.

TtuloVIIIDelPresidentedelaRepblica TitleVIIIOnthePresidentoftheRepublic

Artculo58ElPresidentedelaRepblicaseraelegidopormayoraabsolutadevotosporlaAsambleaylosRepresentesespecialesreunidosenCmaraconstituyente.Sunombramientoserporcuatroaosyserreelegible.

Article58ThePresidentoftheRepublicshallbeelectedthroughanabsolutemajorityofvotesbytheAssemblyandthespecialrepresentativesconvenedasaconstituentchamber.Hisappointmentshallbeforfouryearsandhewillbeeligibleforreelection.

Artculo59ElPresidentedelaRepblicatendrlainiciativadelasleyes,ascomolosmiembrosdelaAsamblea,ypromulgarlasleyescuandohayansidovotadasyaprobadasporstayvigilaryasegurarsuejecucin.

Article59ThePresidentoftheRepublic,aswellasthemembersoftheAssembly,shallhavetheinitiativeofthelaws.Heshallpromulgatethelawsoncetheyhavebeenpassedandapprovedbythelatter,andshallsuperviseandensuretheirexecution.

Artculo60LapotestaddehacerejecutarlasleyesseextiendeatodocuantoconducealaconservacindelordenpblicoenelinterioryalaseguridaddelEstadoenelexterior.

Article60Thepowertoenforcethelawshallextendtoanyconcernrelatedtothepreservationofpublicorderinthecountry,andtotheexternalsecurityoftheState.

Artculo61ElPresidentedelaRepblicapromulgarlasleyesdentrodelosveintedassiguientesalenelquelehayasidotrasmitidaporlaAsamblealaaprobacindefinitiva.

Article61ThePresidentoftheRepublicshallpromulgatealawwithintwentydaysfollowingthetransmittalofitsdefinitiveapprovaltohimbytheAssembly.

Artculo62Sidentrodeesteplazonofuerenpromulgadas,elPresidentelasdevolveralaAsambleaconjustificacindelascausasdesudetencin,procedindoseentalcasoasurevisinynoseentenderqueinsisteenellassinolasreproduceporelvotodelasdosterceras

Article62Ifthelawisnotpromulgatedwithinthisperiod,thePresidentshallreturnittotheAssemblywithajustificationonthereasonsforsuchdeferment.TheAssemblyshallproceedtoitsreview.Itshallnotbepresumedthatthelatterinsistsonitspassageifitisnotrepassedbya

partesdelosmiembrospresentesdelaAsamblea.Reproducidalaleyenlaformaindicada,elGobiernolapromulgardentrodediezdas,haciendoconstarsunoconformidad.AlomismoquedarobligadoelGobiernosidejarepasarelplazodeveintedassindevolverlaleyalaAsamblea.

voteoftwothirdsofthememberspresentintheAssembly.Oncethelawisreviewedinthemannerindicated,theGovernmentshallpromulgateitwithintendayswithamanifestationofitsnonconformity.TheGovernment,wherefore,shallbeheldliableifitallowstheperiodoftwentydaystoelapsewithoutreturningthelawtotheAssembly.

Artculo63Cuandolapromulgacindeunaleyhayasidodeclaradaurgenteporvotacinexpresa,omayoraabsolutadevotosdelaAsamblea,elPresidentedelaRepblicapodrpediraaqullaporunmensajemotivadounanuevadeliberacin,lacualnopodrsernegada,yaprobadadenuevolamismaley,serpromulgadadentrodelplazolegal,sinperjuiciodequeelPresidentepuedahacerconstarsunoconformidad.

Article63Whenthepromulgationofalawhasbeendeclaredurgentbyanadhocvote,orbyanabsolutemajorityofvotesintheAssembly,thePresidentoftheRepubliccanasktheformertodeliberateanewbyemittingamessagetosucheffect.Suchdeliberationcannotberefused.Uponreapprovalofthesamelaw,itshallbepromulgatedwithintheperiodprescribed,withoutprejudicetothePresidentsrighttomanifesthisnonconformity.

Artculo64LapromulgacindelasleyesseverificarmediantesupublicacinenelperidicooficialdelaRepblica,ytienenfuerzadeobligaralostreintadassiguientesaldelapublicacin.

Article64ThepromulgationofthelawshallbeeffectedbypublishingthesameintheofficialbulletinofRepublic,andshallbebindingandexecutoryafterthirtydaysfollowingitspublication.

Artculo65ElPresidentedelaRepblicadisponelasfuerzasdemarytierra,declaralaguerrayhaceyratificalapaz,previoacuerdodelaAsamblea.

Article65ThePresidentoftheRepublicshallhavethearmyandthenavyathisdisposition,declarewar,andenterintoapeaceagreementandratifyit,withthepriorconsentoftheAssembly.

Artculo66LostratadosdepaznoserndefinitivossinodespusdevotadosporlaAsamblea.

Article66PeacetreatiesshallnotbedefinitiveunlessapprovedbytheAssemblythroughavote.

Artculo67Ademsdelasfacultadesnecesariasparalaejecucindelasleyes,correspondealPresidentedelaRepblica:1.Conferirlosempleoscivilesymilitaresconarregloalasleyes2.NombrarlosSecretariosdeGobierno3.Dirigirlasrelacionesdiplomticas

Article67Apartfromthepowersnecessarytoexecutelaws,itisthedutyofthePresidentoftheRepublicto:1.Confercivilandmilitaryemploymentinaccordancetothelaw2.AppointSecretariesofGovernment3.Directdiplomaticandcommercial

ycomercialesconlasdemspotencias4.Cuidardequeentodoelterritorioseadministreprontaycumplidajusticia5.IndultaralosdelincuentesconarregloalasleyessalvolodispuestorelativamentealosSecretariosdeGobierno6.PresidirlassolemnidadesnacionalesyrecibiralosenviadosyrepresentantesdelasPotenciasextranjerasacreditadoscercadel.

relationswithotherpowers4.Ensuretheswiftandcompleteadministrationofjusticeintheentireterritory5.Pardonlawbreakersinaccordancetothelaw,subjecttotheprovisionsrelatingtotheSecretariesofGovernment6.Presideovernationalsolemnities,andwelcomeaccreditedenvoysandrepresentativesofforeignpowers.

Artculo68ElPresidentedelaRepblicanecesitaestarautorizadoporunaleyespecial:1.Paraenajenar,cederopermutarcualquierapartedelterritoriofilipino.2.Paraincorporarcualquierotroterritorioalfilipino.3.Paraadmitirtropasextranjerasenelterritoriofilipino.4.Pararatificarlostratadosdealianzaofensivaydefensiva,losespecialesdecomercio,losqueestipulendarsubsidiosaunaPotenciaextranjera,ytodosaqullosquepuedanobligarindividualmentealosfilipinos.Enningncasolosartculossecretosdeuntratadopodrnderogarlospblicos.5.Paraconcederamnistaseindultosgenerales.6.Paraacuarmoneda.

Article68ThePresidentoftheRepublicneedstobeauthorizedbyaspeciallaw:1.Totransfer,cedeorexchangeanypartofPhilippineterritory2.ToincorporateanyotherterritoryintothePhilippines3.ToallowforeigntroopsinPhilippineterritory4.Toratifytreatiesofoffensiveanddefensivealliance,specialcommercialtreaties,treatiesthatstipulatesubsidiestoaforeignpower,andanyothertreatythatcompelsFilipinostoperformanyindividualobligationInnocasecantheconfidentialarticlesofatreatynullifythosethatarepublic.5.Tograntgeneralamnestiesandpardons6.Tomintmoney.

Artculo69AlPresidentedelaRepblicacorrespondelafacultaddedictarreglamentosparaelcumplimientoyaplicacindelasleyesprevioslosrequisitosquelasmismassealen.

Article69ThePresidentoftheRepublichasthepowertoimposerulesforthecomplianceandenforcementofthelawssubjecttotherequisitesthatthesameprescribe.

Artculo70ElPresidentedelaRepblicapodr,previoacuerdoadoptadopormayoradevotosdeRepresentantes,disolverlaAsambleaantesdelaexpiracindelplazolegaldesumandato.Enestecaso,seconvocarnparanuevaseleccionesdentrodel

Article70ThePresidentoftheRepubliccan,withthepriorconcurrenceoftheRepresentativesadoptedthroughamajorityofvotes,dissolvetheAssemblybeforetheexpirationofthetermlegallyprescribedforitsmandate.Inthiscase,theyshallbeconvenedfornewelectionswithinthree

trminodetresmeses. months.

Artculo71ElPresidentedelaRepblicasoloserresponsableenloscasosdealtatraicin.

Article71ThePresidentoftheRepublicaloneshallbeheldresponsibleincasesofhightreason.

Artculo72LadotacindelPresidentedelaRepblicaserfijadaporunaleyespecial,quenopodrvariarsesinoalfindeperodopresidencial.

Article72ThesalaryofthePresidentoftheRepublicshallbedeterminedbyaspeciallaw,whichcannotberevisedexceptattheendofhisterminoffice.

TtuloIXDelosSecretariosdeGobierno TitleIXOntheSecretariesofGovernment

Artculo73ElConsejodeGobiernosecomponedeunPresidenteysieteSecretarios,quetendrnasucargolascarterasde:Negociosextranjeros,Interior,Hacienda,GuerrayMarina,InstruccinPblica,ComunicacionesyObrasPblicas,Agricultura,IndustriasyComercio.

Article73TheCouncilofGovernmentshallbecomposedofaPresidentandsevenSecretaries,whoshallbeputinchargeoftheportfoliosof:ForeignRelations,Interior,Finance,WarandtheNavy,PublicInstruction,PublicWorksandCommunications,Agriculture,IndustriesandCommerce.

Artculo74TodoloqueelPresidentedelaRepblicamandareodispusiereenelejerciciodesuautoridadserfirmadoporelSecretarioaquiencorresponda.Ningnfuncionariopblicodarcomplimientoaloquecarezcadeesterequisito.

Article74AnythingthatthePresidentoftheRepubliccommandsorresolvesintheexerciseofhisauthorityshallbesignedbytheSecretaryconcerned.Nopublicofficialshallfulfillanyorderthatlackssuchrequisite.

Artculo75LosSecretariosdeGobiernosonresponsablessolidariamenteantelaAsambleadelapolticageneraldelGobierno,eindividualmentedesusactospersonales.AlProcuradorGeneraldelaNacincorrespondeacusarlos,yalaAsambleajuzgarlos.LasleyesdeterminarnloscasosderesponsabilidaddelosSecretariosdeGobierno,laspenasaqueestnsujetosyelmododeprocedercontraellos.

Article75TheSecretariesofGovernmentshallbeheldjointlyresponsiblebytheAssemblyforthegeneralpoliciesofGovernment,andindividuallyfortheirpersonalactions.ItshallbethedutyoftheSolicitorGeneraloftheNationtoprosecutethem,andoftheAssemblytojudgethem.ThelawsshalldeterminethecaseswhereintheSecretariesofGovernmentaretoberesponsible,thepenaltiestowhichtheyshallbesubjected,andthemanneronhowtoproceedagainstthem.

Artculo76Paraelindultodestos,sifuerencondenadosporlaAsamblea,hadeprecederpeticindelamayoraabsoluta

Article76InorderfortheSecretariestoobtainpardonifandwhentheyareconvictedbythe

deRepresentantes. Assembly,itisnecessarythatapetitionbefirstapprovedbytheRepresentativesbyanabsolutemajority.

TtuloXDelPoderJudicial TitleXOnJudicialPower

Artculo77Alostribunalescorrespondeexclusivamentelapotestaddeaplicarlasleyes,anombredelaNacinenlosjuicioscivilesycriminales.UnosmismoscdigosregirnentodalaRepblica,sinperjuiciodelasvariacionesqueporparticularescircunstanciasdeterminenlasleyes.Enellosnoseestablecermsqueunslofueroparatodoslosciudadanosenlosjuicioscomunes,civilesycriminales.

Article77Thecourtshavetheexclusivepowertoapplythelaws,onbehalfoftheNation,incivilandcriminaltrials.ThesamecodesoflawshallapplytotheentireRepublic,notwithstandingthevariationsthatthelawmayprescribeinparticularcircumstances.Thereshallbebutonecodeoflawsapplicabletoallcitizensinordinary,civilandcriminaltrials.

Artculo78Lostribunalesnoaplicarnlosreglamentosgeneralesymunicipalessinoencuantoestnconformesconlasleyes.

Article78Thecourtsshallnotapplygeneralandmunicipalregulations,exceptinsofarastheyareinconformitytothelaws.

Artculo79ElejerciciodelpoderjudicialradicaenunaCorteSupremadeJusticia,yenlostribunalesquesedeterminenenlasleyes.

Article79TheexerciseofjudicialpowerresidesinaSupremeCourtofJustice,andinthetribunalsthataretobeestablishedbylaw.

Sucomposicin,organizacinydemsatribucionesseregirnporlasleyesorgnicasquesedeterminen.

Theircomposition,organizationandotherattributesshallbedeterminedbytheorganiclawsthatshallbeenforced.

Artculo80ElPresidentedelaCorteSupremadeJusticiayelProcuradorGeneralsernnombradosporlaAsambleaNacionalenconcurrenciaconelPresidentedelaRepblicaySecretariodeGobierno,ytendrabsolutaindependenciadelospodereslegislativoyejecutivo.

Article80ThePresidentoftheSupremeCourtofJusticeandtheSolicitorGeneralshallbeappointedbytheNationalAssemblywiththeconcurrenceofthePresidentoftheRepublicandtheSecretariesofGovernment,andshallhaveabsoluteindependencefromthelegislativeandexecutivebranches.

Artculo81TodociudadanopodrentablaraccinpblicacontralosindividuostodosdelPoderjudicialporlosdelitosquecometierenenelejerciciodesucargo.

Article81Anycitizencaninitiatepublicactionagainstmembersofthejudiciaryformisdemeanorsthattheycommitintheexerciseoftheiroffice.

TtuloXIDelasAsambleasProvincialesy TitleXIOnProvincialandPopular

Populares Assemblies

Artculo82LaorganizacinyatribucionesdelasAsambleasprovincialesypopularesseregirnporsusrespectivasleyes.Estasseajustarnalosprincipiossiguientes:1.Gobiernoydireccindelosinteresespeculiaresdelaprovinciaodelpuebloporlasrespectivascorporacionessiendoelprincipiodeeleccinpopularydirectaelfundamentoparalaconstitucindelasmismas.2.Publicidaddelassesionesdeunasyotras,dentrodeloslmitessealadosporlaley.3.Publicacindelospresupuestos,cuentasyacuerdosimportantesdelasmismas.4.IntervencindelGobiernoy,ensucaso,delaAsambleaNacionalparaimpedirquelasprovinciasylosmunicipiosseextralimitenensusatribucionesenperjuiciodelosinteresesgeneraleseindividuales.5.Determinacindesusfacultadesenmateriadeimpuestos,afindequelosprovincialesymunicipalsnosehallenenoposicinconelsistematributariodelEstado.

Article82Theorganizationandattributesoftheprovincialandpopularassembliesshallbedeterminedbytheirrespectivelaws.Theselawsshallconformtothefollowingprinciples:1.Governanceandmanagementoftheparticularinterestsoftheprovinceorthetownbyitsrespectivecorporation,withtheprincipleofpopularanddirectelectionasthebasisfortheconstitutionofthesame.2.Disclosureofthesessionsoftheassemblies,withintheboundsprovidedforunderthelaw.3.Publicationofthebudget,accountsandimportantagreementsofthesame.4.InterventionoftheGovernmentand,asthecasemaybe,oftheNationalAssembly,inordertopreventprovincesandmunicipalitiesfromexceedingtheirpowerstothedetrimentofgeneralandindividualinterests.5.Establishmentoftheirpowersonmattersoftaxation,inamannerthatallowstheprovincialandmunicipalassembliestoavoidcominginconflictwiththetaxsystemoftheState.

TtuloXIIDelaAdministracindelEstado TitleXIIOntheAdministrationoftheState

Artculo83ElGobiernopresentartodoslosaosalaAsamblealospresupuestosdegastosydeingresos,expresandolasalteracionesquehayahechoenlodelaoanterior,acompaandoalmismotiempounbalancedelultimoejercicioconarregloalaley.CuandolaAsambleaserena,lospresupuestoshabrndepresentarsealamismadentrodelosdiezdassiguientesasureunin.

Article83TheGovernmentshallannuallysubmitthebudgetofexpendituresandrevenuestotheAssembly,indicatingwhateveralterationithasincorporatedinthatofthepreviousyearandattachingthereinabalanceofthelastfiscalyearinaccordancetothelaw.ThebudgetmustbepresentedtotheAssemblyonceitconveneswithinaperiodoftendaysfollowingitsconvocation.

Artculo84Ningnpagopodrhacersesinoconarregloalaleydepresupuestosuotraespecialenlaformaybajola

Article84Nopaymentcanbemadeexceptinaccordancetothelawonbudgetoranyotherspeciallawintheform

responsabilidadquelasleyesdeterminen.

andundertheresponsibilityestablishedunderthelaws.

Artculo85ElGobiernonecesitaestarautorizadoporunaleyparadisponerdelosbienesypropiedadesdelEstado,yparatomarcaudalesaprstamosobreelcrditodelaNacin.

Article85TheGovernmentmustbeauthorizedbyaspeciallawinordertodisposethegoodsandpropertiesoftheState,andtoborrowmoneyusingthecreditoftheNation.

Artculo86LadeudapblicaquesecontraigaporelGobiernodelaRepblica,conarregloaestaConstitucin,estarbajolasalvaguardiaespecialdelaNacin.Noseharningnemprstitosinquesevotenalmismotiempolosrecursosnecesariosparapagarlo.

Article86WhateverpublicdebtincurredbytheGovernmentoftheRepublic,inaccordancetothisConstitution,shallbeunderthespecialsafeguardoftheNation.Noloanshallbesecuredwithoutdeterminingatthesametimethenecessaryresourcestopayit.

Artculo87Todaslasleyesreferentesaingresosgastospblicosocrditopblicoseconsiderarncomopartedelasdepresupuestosysepublicarnconestecarcter.

Article87Alllawspertainingtorevenues,publicexpendituresorpubliccreditshallbeconsideredpartofthelawsonbudget,andshallbepublishedassuch.

ARTCULO88LaAsambleafijartodoslosaos,apropuestadelPresidentedelaRepblica,lasfuerzasmilitaresdemarytierra.

Article88TheAssemblyshalldetermine,upontherecommendationofthePresidentoftheRepublic,themilitaryforcesatseaandonland.

TtuloXIIIDelaReformadelaConstitucin TitleXIIIOnConstitutionalReform

Artculo89LaAsamblea,porsoapropuestadelPresidentedelaRepblica,podracordarlareformadelaConstitucinsealandoalefecto,elartculooartculosquehayandemodificarse.

Article89TheAssembly,onitsownorupontherecommendationofthePresidentoftheRepublic,canresolvetoamendtheConstitution,indicatingtosucheffectthearticleorarticlesthatshouldbemodified.

Artculo90Hechaestadeclaracin,elPresidentedelaRepblicadisolverlaAsamblea,yconvocarlaconstituyentequesereunirdentrodelostresmesessiguientes.Enlaconvocatoriaseinsertarlaresolucindequehableelartculoanterior.

Article90Aftersuchdeclarationhasbeenmade,thePresidentoftheRepublicshalldissolvetheAssembly,andconveneaconstituentbody,whichshallmeetwithinthenextthreemonths.Intheconvocation,theresolutionmentionedintheprecedingarticleshallbeinserted.

TtuloXIVDelaObservanciayJuramentoConstitucionalydelosIdiomas

TitleIXOnConstitutionalObservanceandOathofOffice,andonLanguages

Artculo91ElPresidentedelaRepblica,el Article91ThePresidentoftheRepublic,the

Gobierno,laAsambleaytodoslosciudadanosfilipinosguardarnfielmentelaConstitucinyelPoderLegislativo,inmediatamentedespusdeaprobarlaleydepresupuestos,examinarsilaConstitucinhasidoexactamenteobservadaysisusinfraccionesestncorregidas,proveyendoloconvenienteparaquesehagaefectivalaresponsabilidaddelosinfractores.

Government,theAssemblyandallFilipinocitizensshallfaithfullyupholdtheConstitution.Thelegislativepower,immediatelyaftertheapprovalofthelawonbudgets,shallexamineiftheConstitutionhasbeenpreciselyobservedandifitsinfractionsarecorrected,providingforwhateverisconvenientinordertoimposeresponsibilityontheoffenders.

Artculo92ElPresidentedelaRepblicaytodoslosdemsfuncionariosdelaNacinnopodrnentrarenelejerciciodesusfuncionessinprestarjuramento.EstejuramentoseprestarporelPresidentedelaRepblicaantelaAsambleaNacional.LosdemsfuncionariosdelaNacinloprestarnantelasautoridadesquedeterminenlasleyes.

Article92ThePresidentoftheRepublicandallotherpublicofficialsoftheNationcannotassumetheexerciseoftheirpowerswithouttakinganoathofoffice.SuchoathshallbetakenbythePresidentoftheRepublicbeforetheNationalAssembly.OtherpublicofficialsoftheNationalshalltakeitbeforetheauthoritiesdeterminedunderthelaw.

Artculo93ElempleodelaslenguasusadasenFilipinasespotestativo.Nopuederegularsesinoporlaleyysolamenteparalosactosdelaautoridadpblicaylosasuntosjudiciales.Paraestosactosseusarporahoralalenguacastellana.

Article93TheuseofthelanguagesspokeninthePhilippinesshallnotbecompulsory.Itcannotberegulatedexceptbyvirtueoflawandonlyforactsofpublicauthorityandjudicialaffairs.Onsuchoccasions,theSpanishlanguageshalltemporarilybeused.

DISPOSICIONESTRANSITORIAS TRANSITORYPROVISIONS

Artculo94nterinysinperjuiciodelosdispuestoenelartculo48ylascomisionesquenombrelaAsambleaparaqueredactenysometanalamismalasleyesorgnicasparaeldesenvolvimientoyaplicacindelosderechosotorgadosalosciudadanosfilipinosyparaelrgimendelospoderespblicosenelladeterminados,seconsiderarnleyesdelaRepblicalasquesehallabanvigentesenestasIslasantesdelaemancipacindelasmismas.IgualmenteseconsideranvigenteslasdisposicionesdelCdigoCivilrespectoalmatrimonioyregistrocivil,suspendidasporelGobiernoGeneraldeestasIslas,la

Article94InthemeantimeandwithoutprejudicetotheprovisionmentionedinArticle48andthecommissionsnamedbytheAssemblytodraftandtransmittheorganiclawstothesameforthedevelopmentandapplicationoftherightsgrantedtoFilipinocitizensandforthegovernanceofthepublicpowersguaranteedtherein,thoselawsprevailingintheseislandsbeforetheiremancipationshallbeconsideredlawsoftheRepublic.Likewise,theprovisionsoftheCivilCodeasregardscivilmarriagesandregistry,suspendedbytheGovernorGeneraloftheseislands,aswellastheInstructionissuedon

Instruccinde26deabrilde1888parallevaraejecucinlosartculos77,78,79y82dedichoCdigo,laleydelRegistroCivilde17dejunio1870aqueserefiereelartculo332delmismo,yelReglamentode13dediciembresiguienteparalaejecucindeestaley,sinperjuiciodequelosjefeslocalescontinenencargadosdelasinscripcionesenelRegistroCivileintervenganenlacelebracindelmatrimoniodeloscatlicos.

26April1888fortheexecutionofArticles77,78,79and82oftheaforesaidCode,theLawonCivilRegistrydated17June1870andreferredtoinArticle332ofthesame,andtheRegulationissuedthefollowing13Decemberfortheexecutionofthislaw,shallallbeconsideredinforce,withoutprejudicetolocaladministratorswhocontinuetomanageinscriptionsintheCivilRegistryandinterveneinthecelebrationofmarriageamongCatholics.

Artculo95Mientrasnoestnaprobadasyrijanlasleyesaqueserefiereelartculoanteriorpodrnmodificarseporalgunaleyespeciallasdisposicionesdelasleyesespaolesquedichoartculoponeenrigorprovisionalmente.

Article95Whilethelawsreferredtointheprecedingarticlearenotyetapprovedandputineffect,theprovisionoftheSpanishlawsthatthesaidarticletemporarilyenforcesmaybemodifiedbyvirtueofaspeciallaw.

Artculo96PromulgadaslasleyesquelaAsambleaapruebeconarreglodeartculo94,elGobiernodelaRepblicaquedafacultadoparadictarlosdecretosyreglamentosnecesariosparalainmediataconstitucindetodoslosorganismosdelEstado.

Article96OncethelawsthattheAssemblyapprovesarepromulgatedinaccordancetoArticle94,theGovernmentoftheRepublicshallbeauthorizedtoimposedecreesandregulationsnecessaryfortheimmediateorganizationofalltheofficesoftheState.

Artculo97ElactualPresidentedelGobiernoRevolucionariotomardesdeluegoelttulodePresidentedelaRepblicayejercerestecargohastaqueunavezconvocadalaAsambleaconstituyente,procedaalaeleccindelquehadeejercerelcargodefinitivamente.

Article97TheincumbentPresidentoftheRevolutionaryGovernmentshallimmediatelyassumethetitleofPresidentoftheRepublic,andshallperformthedutiesoftheofficeuntiltheConstituentAssemblyhasbeenconvenedandproceedstotheelectionofthepersonwhoshallassumethepositiondefinitively.

Artculo98EsteCongreso,conlosmiembrosquelocomponenyvayanviniendoporsufragioopordecreto,durarcuatroaos,osea,todalapresentelegislatura,empezandostael15deabrilprximovenidero.

Article98ThisCongress,withthememberswhoalreadycomposeitandwhoeverelseshouldjoineitherthroughelectionorthroughdecree,shallhaveatermoffouryears,orinotherwords,fortheentiredurationofthepresentlegislaturethatstartsthiscoming15April.

Artculo99Noobstantelareglageneral Article99Notwithstandingthegeneralrule

establecidaenelprrafo2delartculo4nterintengaelpasquelucharporsuindependencia,quedafacultadoelGobiernopararesolverdurantelaclausuradelCongresolascuestionesydificultadesnoprevistasporlasleyesquesuscitenacontecimientosimprevistos,mediantedecretosdequedarconocimientoalaComisinPermanenteycuentaalaAsambleaenlaprimerareuninquesecelebreconarregloalospreceptosdeestaConstitucin.

establishedinParagraph2ofArticle4whilethecountryneedstofightforitsindependence,theGovernmentshallbeauthorizedduringtherecessofCongresstoresolvewhateverissuesanddifficultiesnotprovidedforunderthelaws,whichunforeseeneventsmaycause,bymeansofdecreesthatshallbebroughttotheknowledgeofthePermanentCommissionandshallbereportedtotheAssemblyinthefirstmeetingthatwillbecalledinaccordancetothepreceptsofthisConstitution.

Artculo100SesuspendehastalareunindelaAsambleaconstituyentelaejecucindelArtculo5,Ttulo3.Entretantolosmunicipiosdelospueblosquerequieranelministerioespiritualdealgnsacerdotefilipino,proveernalamanutencinnecesariadelmismo.

Article100TheexecutionofArticle5,Title3shallbesuspendeduntilthemeetingoftheConstituentAssembly.Meanwhile,themunicipalgovernmentsofthetownthatmayrequirethespiritualministryofaFilipinopriestshallprovidehimwiththenecessarysupport.

Artculo101Noobstantelodispuestoenlosartculos62y63,lasleyesdevueltasporelPresidentedelaRepblicaalCongresonopodrnreproducirsesinoenlalegislaturadelaosiguiente,quedandoestasuspensinbajolaresponsabilidaddelPresidenteysuConsejodeGobierno.Hechalareproduccinenestascondiciones,serobligatoriasupromulgacindentrodediezdas,haciendoconstarelPresidentesunoconformidad.Silareproduccinsehiciereenlegislaturasulteriores,setendrcomoleyvotadaporprimeravez.

Article101NotwithstandingtheprovisioninArticles62and63,thelawsthatthePresidentoftheRepublicreturnstoCongresscannotbepassedexceptinthelegislativetermofthefollowingyear,withthissuspensionremainingundertheresponsibilityofthePresidentandhisCouncilofGovernment.Oncetheyarerepassedundertheseconditions,theirpromulgationshallbeobligatorywithintendays,withthePresidentmanifestinghisnonconformity.Shouldthelawbereapprovedinsubsequentlegislations,itshallbeconsideredalawapprovedforthefirsttime.

ArtculoAdicionalSeentiendenrestituidosalEstadofilipinodesdeelda24mayoultimoquesehaconstituidoelGobiernoDictatorialenCavite,todaslashaciendas,edificiosydemsbienesquetenanlascorporacionesreligionesenestasIslas.

AdditionalArticleItisunderstoodthatallparcelsofland,buildingsandotherpropertiesthatreligiousordersusedtoownintheseislandshavebeenrestoredtothePhilippineStateonthe24thdayofMayoflastyear,whentheDictatorialGovernmentofCavitehasbeenconstituted.

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Barasoain,veintedeenerodemilochocientosnoventaynueve.

InBarasoain,onthe20thdayofJanuary,eighteenhundredandninetynine.

ElPresidentedelCongreso.PEDROA.PATERNO.

ThePresidentofCongress.PEDROA.PATERNO.

LosSecretarios,PABLOTECSON.PABLOOCAMPO.

TheSecretaries,PABLOTECSON.PABLOOCAMPO.

Source:InstitutoCervantesofManila(http://manila.cervantes.es/en/default.shtm)

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