the 2000 – 2010 era: memory lane revisited · thomas kernen – consulting engineer the 2000 –...
TRANSCRIPT
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 2
Introduction
All content in this presentation is provided based my own recollections of events
Aided by research and input from various sources Google, Wikipedia, archive.org, zakon.org RIPE, NANOG, SwiNOG, APNIC, IETF Route-views, potaroo.net, thdn.net, CAIDA, Arbor Cisco, BAKCOM, Euro-IX, Swisscom, DANTE, Dr Peering And many more…
Some data may be inaccurate or incomplete
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 3
Back to the year 2000
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 4 Source: CAIDA
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 5 Source: archive.org
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 6 Source: archive.org
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 7 Source: archive.org
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 8 Source: thdn.net
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 9
Max In: 1130.4 Mb/s Average In: 583.2 Mb/s Current In: 1130.4 Mb/s
Max Out: 1339.4 Mb/s Average Out: 606.0 Mb/s Current Out: 1232.6 Mb/s
GREEN ###Incoming Traffic in Bits per Second
BLUE ### Outgoing Traffic in Bits per Second
http://www.linx.net
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: LINX
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10
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Swisscom
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11
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Swisscom
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 12 http://www.linx.net
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: archive.org
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 13 http://www.linx.net
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Sunrise
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 14 Source: archive.org
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
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2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
US timekeeper (USNO) and a few other time services around the world report the New Year as 19100 on 1 Jan
First major DDoS: Yahoo (then Buy.com, eBay, CNN, Amazon.com, ZDNet.com, E*Trade, and Excite) DDoS Feb 7th 2000 (occurred during NANOG meeting)
"The blue window", renamed and redesigned, becomes Bluewin AG.
C&W buys Petrel and Agri.ch
Carrier 1 (CONE) goes public
Google's index reached 1 billion pages
Sunrise buys diAx
Sprint - MCI Worldcom merger is canceled
Sprint and Deutsche Telekom sells to France Telecom their Global One shares
eDonkey2000 client and server are released
The year in review
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2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Cisco IOS 12.0S is the recommended SP software train of the era
ICANN selects new TLDs: .aero, .biz, .coop, .info, .museum, .name, .pro
DANTE’s TEN-155 upgraded to speeds of up to 622Mbps Napster is the online music sharing platform Livejournal is the blogging platform of the era First mass production machines with GE ports (Apple
PowerMac G4 & Powerbook G4) Star Trek Voyager is currently showing season 6 TIX average is 140Mbit/s and 25kpps, peak traffic was
435Mbit/s and 165kpps CIXP informal measurements over the public infrastructure
show 100-200 Mb/sec at peak time
The year in review
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2001: “dot bomb”
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IPv4 prefixes
Source: potaroo.net
2001 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
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Linux kernel 2.4.0 is released Swisscom introduces HSCSD (Possible to bundle up to
four channels, rate of up to 57.6 kbps, almost the speed of ISDN!)
Kazaa and FastTrack protocol are released PsiNet files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection European Council finalises the international cybercrime
treaty Code Red virus outbreak targeting IIS web servers Fire in Baltimore, Maryland (Howard Street Tunnel)
Damage to Metromedia Fiber Network, WorldCom, PSINet (and others) fiber optic cables causing major Internet traffic issues
The year in review
2001 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
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.biz and .info are added to the root server first traffic on GÉANT flows (2.5 Gbps and then 10 Gbps
links) Swisscom BBCS is launched Napster is shutdown Nimda virus outbreak BitTorrent is released LimeWire client is released Concert is split: US + Eastern Asia to AT&T, Europe to
BT KPNQwest acquired EBONE (owned by GTS since ‘99) Serious load on all networks on September 11th
The year in review
2001 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
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2002: RIPE in Rhodes
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2002 2000 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
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2002 2000 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
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Nextra Switzerland sold to T-Systems Multilink
Carrier 1 (Luxembourg) files for bankruptcy
Cogent acquires major US assets of PSINet
Toppreise.ch is launched
MMS is launched in Switzerland
eMule client is released
EBONE is shutdown following the KPNQwest bankruptcy
WorldCom files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection
Swisscom launches their PWLAN service
Abilene/Internet 2 backbone deploys native IPv6
SwiNOG launches the new (current) website ;-)
Coordinated attack against all Root DNS servers
Suprnova.org torrent indexing site goes live
10GE: IEEE Std 802.3ae-2002 (fiber)
Level 3 agrees to acquire Genuity (ex-BBN)
Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones
The year in review
2002 2000 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
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2003: Worms & co
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The year in review
2003 2000 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Public Interest Registry (PIR) takes over as .org registry operator. VeriSign retains control over .com domains
The first official Swiss online election takes place in Anières/GE SQL Slammer worm launched: Caused major DDoS. Took down
5 of the 13 DNS root servers.
isoHunt torrent index is founded Google buys Pyra Labs (Blogger.com) Pilot IPv6 services on GÉANT started RFC 3514: The Security Flag in the IPv4 Header - Includes the
Evil bit. A patch for FreeBSD 7 is available. T-Systems Multilink is sold to B.Com (SOLPA) The French Ministry of Culture bans the use of the word "e-mail"
by government ministries adopts the use of "courriel” Blaster computer worm is launched
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 27
The year in review
2003 2000 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Sobig.F computer worm launched. Generates record volumes of email
Geneva launches FTTH trial The Pirate Bay BitTorrent tracker is founded CERN and Caltech join forces to smash Internet speed
record 5.44 gigabits per second in a single session over a 10 Gbps link
Swisscom sets up Eurospot for pan European PWLAN service
Linux kernel 2.6.0 is released Bluewin registers 200,000 ADSL customers and leads
the broadband market
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The Matrix Reloaded and Revolution were released
2003 2000 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
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2004: Web 2.0 launch
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The year in review
2004 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
The original ShareReactor is shutdown by Swiss police
Facebook is launched. Has 1 million actives users by year end
Flickr is launched
Cisco IOS XR is released (with CRS-1 launch)
Launch by RIPE NCC of anycast root servers (k-root). First time more instances of DNS root servers outside the US
Many torrent indexing sites are shutdown (including Suprnova)
Swisscom launches UMTS
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2005: mid-point
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 32 Source: thdn.net
2005 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
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IPv4 routing table
Source: potaroo.net
2005 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
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IPv6 routing table
Source: potaroo.net
2005 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
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The year in review
2005 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
SBC Communications agrees to acquire AT&T Corp
.se becomes the first ccTLD to implement DNSSEC
Verizon buys MCI (Worldcom)
YouTube is founded in Febuary and has 8 million views a day by December
Yahoo! acquires Flickr
Swisscom launches PWLAN services in trains
DVB-H first trial (with Swisscom Broadcast)
SOLPA sold to Cablecom
Initial trial of BBC iPlayer is launched
.eu (European Union) ccTLD launches on Dec 7th
eDonkey2000 is shutdown
DANTE’s GEANT2 launches
Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith
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2006: World Cup
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The year in review
2006 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010
RazorBack 2 (server on eDonkey network) is shutdown
HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) is introduced
Unbundling is approved by Swiss government
Twitter is launched
Slideshare is launched
BluwinTV is launched
Zattoo is launched
First European Peering Forum
YouTube has 1000 million views a day
Copper based 10 GE is available
Cisco IOS 12.2S goes end of sale
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2007: YouTube
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The year in review
2007 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010
Population of the City of Zurich vote to build an FTTH network
Cyber attacks are launched against Estonia WiMax trials by Swisscom
Original iPhone is launched in the US VDSL available on Swisscom BBCS
Level 3 acquires SAVVIS (content distribution network) Facebook reaches 20 and then 50 million active users
Official launch of BBC iPlayer YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire
Internet in 2000
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2008: Mobile data
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YouTube prefix hijacking
Source: ripe.net
2008 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2009 2010
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The year in review
2008 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2009 2010
IPv6 hour starts at NANOG/RIPE/IETF/APNIC. IPv6 education is going mainstream in SP community
NASA tests the first deep space communications network modeled on the Internet, using the Disruption-Tolerant Networking (DTN) software to transmit images to/from a science spacecraft ~20 million miles above Earth
Analogue Switch off is completed. Terrestrial TV services are digital only in Switzerland
IPv6 addresses are added for the first time to 6 of the root zone servers
Google's crawler reaches 1 trillion pages, although only a fraction are indexed by the search engine
Google services are accessible over IPv6
DVB-H network launched (for the Euro 2008)
iPhone officially launched in Switzerland
Facebook reaches over 100 million active users
Swisscom upgraded to HSPA
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 43
2009: King of Pop dies
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Michael Jackson’s funeral: over 2Tbits/s
Source: Akamai
2009 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 45 Source: CAIDA
2009 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 46
IPv6 routing table
Source: space.net
2009 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010
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The year in review
2009 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010
A wave of FTTH partnerships are announced in Switzerland
Foursquare is launched (Geosocial Networking)
RFC 5514: IPv6 over Social Networks - Implemented as a Facebook application
Netflix provides streaming over IPv6 (via Limelight networks)
Swisscom introduced HSPA+ (HSPA Evolution) for ITU World Telecom
Geocities is shutdown. Was hosting 38 million pages
YouTube has 1 billion views a day
Cisco IOS 15.0M is released
DNSSEC becomes operational on .gov, .org, .us
Google launches Public DNS service: 8.8.8.8 & 8.8.4.4
Swisscom returns its Wimax license to BAKOM
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 48
2010: intense activity?
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 49 Source: thdn.net
2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 50
2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000
IPv4 BGP prefix count
Source: portaroo.net
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2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000
IPv6 BGP prefix count
Source: potaroo.net
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Evolution of transit pricing
Source: drpeering.net
2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 53 Source: linx.net
2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000
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Internet Exchanges traffic volumes 2002 - 2010
Source: Euro-IX
AIX Athens 46 Mbps (15 ASNs) - 13 Gbps (15 ASNs)
AMS-IX Amsterdam 7.5 Gbps (144 ASNs) - 923 Gbps (344 ASNs)
BIX Budapest 2 Gbps (50 ASNs) - 142 Gbps (49 ASNs)
BNIX Brussels 800 Mbps (44 ASNs) - 26 Gbps (50 ASNs)
CATNIX Barcelona 75 Mbps (15 ASNs) - 1.4 Gbps (22 ASNs)
CIXP Geneva 137 Mbps (36 ASNs) - 1.32 Gbps (36 ASNs)
DE-CIX Frankfurt 5.6 Gbps (91 ASNs) - 1 Tbps (340 ASNs)
LINX London 12.75 Gbps (129 ASNs) - 600 Gbps (350 ASNs)
MIX Milan 1.25 Gbps (61 ASNs) - 56 Gbps (83 ASNs)
VIX Vienna 1.2 Gbps (70 ASNs) - 27 Gbps (104 ASNs)
Total: July 2002 was 35 Gbps, in April 2010 3.8 Tbps
2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 55
The year in review Cisco IOS 12.0S end of sale (end of support 2012 - released in 1999)
More FTTH partnerships announced
Swisscom ends DVB-H service
Swisscom launches LTE trials
YouTube services available over IPv6
For April Fool's 2010, Google added an &evil=true parameter to requests through the Ajax APIs. (RFC 3514)
YouTube has 2 billion views a day
Foursquare has 1 million users
Facebook reaches over 400 million active users
Botnet tool uses Twitter as C&C hub
Linux kernel 2.6.34 is released (as of writing)
100GE still in draft (as of writing)
2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 56
1.0.0.0/8 allocated to APNIC. Sink testing from Merit
Source: MERIT
2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 57
PSTN minutes vs. mobile phones in Switzerland
Source: BAKOM
2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000
0
5000000
10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000
2000
20
01
2002
20
03
2004
20
05
2006
20
07
2008
20
09
PSTN thousands of minutes Mobile phone lines
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Presentation_ID 58
Internet Access lines in Switzerland
Source: BAKOM
2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
PSTN/ISDN Cable DSL Fibre