The 2011 census – the Jewish picture

Daniel Vulkan Senior Researcher, Board of Deputies of British Jews

http://www.bod.org.uk research@bod.org.uk

Jewish Historical Society, Leeds 1 July 2013

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2

Jewish Telegraph, 14 December 2012

Data published on 11 December 2012 revealed that 263,346 people in England & Wales had chosen to identify as Jewish in the 2011 census. (It is important to note that, as in 2001, the religion question was voluntary.)

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Religion response 2011 2001

Number Percentage Number Percentage

Christian 33,243,175 59.3 37,338,486 71.8

Muslim 2,706,066 4.8 1,546,626 3.0

Hindu 816,633 1.5 552,421 1.1

Sikh 423,158 0.8 329,358 0.6

Jewish 263,346 0.5 259,927 0.5

Buddhist 247,743 0.4 144,453 0.3

Other religions 240,530 0.4 150,720 0.3

No religion 14,097,229 25.1 7,709,267 14.8

Religion not stated 4,038,032 7.2 4,010,658 7.7

Total 56,075,912 100.0 52,041,916 100.00

Responses to religion question, England & Wales, 2011 and 2001

ONS: Tables KS07 (2001), KS209EW (2011)

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Northern Ireland: 335 people chose to identify as Jewish Scotland: data not yet published (expected September 2013)

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2011 2001 Change 2001-2011

LA Total Jewish Percent Rank Total Jewish Rank Number Percent

Barnet 356,386 54,084 15.2% 1 314,564 46,686 1 7,398 15.8%

Hackney 246,270 15,477 6.3% 2 202,825 10,732 5 4,745 44.2%

Hertsmere 100,031 14,293 14.3% 3 94,455 10,712 6 3,581 33.4%

Harrow 239,056 10,538 4.4% 4 206,814 13,112 3 -2,574 -19.6%

Bury 185,060 10,302 5.6% 5 180,607 8,924 7 1,378 15.4%

Redbridge 278,970 10,213 3.7% 6 238,635 14,796 2 -4,583 -31.0%

Camden 220,338 9,823 4.5% 7 198,019 11,153 4 -1,330 -11.9%

Salford 233,933 7,687 3.3% 8 216,104 5,179 13 2,508 48.4%

Haringey 254,926 7,643 3.0% 9 216,507 5,724 11 1,919 33.5%

Westminster 219,396 7,237 3.3% 10 181,286 7,732 9 -495 -6.4%

Leeds 751,485 6,847 0.9% 11 715,402 8,267 8 -1,420 -17.2%

Enfield 312,466 4,412 1.4% 12 273,559 5,336 12 -924 -17.3%

Brent 311,215 4,357 1.4% 13 263,464 6,464 10 -2,107 -32.6%

Epping Forest 124,659 3,972 3.2% 14 120,894 3,715 14 257 6.9%

Kensington and Chelsea 158,649 3,320 2.1% 15 158,920 3,550 15 -230 -6.5%

Gateshead 200,214 3,004 1.5% 16 191,141 1,564 30 1,440 92.1%

Brighton and Hove UA 273,369 2,670 1.0% 17 247,816 3,358 16 -688 -20.5%

Manchester 503,127 2,613 0.5% 18 392,819 3,076 17 -463 -15.1%

Trafford 226,578 2,413 1.1% 19 210,144 2,314 21 99 4.3%

Birmingham 1,073,045 2,205 0.2% 20 977,087 2,343 20 -138 -5.9%

Local authorities with largest Jewish populations in 2011 – change since 2001

7 ONS: Tables KS07 (2001), KS209EW (2011)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

18,000 (1967)

15,000 (1982)

12,000 (1988)

8,267 (2005)

9,000 (1995)

MPF 10,500 (1988)

BoD 12,000 (1998)

BoD 14,000 (1986)

1986: Board of Deputies estimates 14,000 in 1985 (British Jewry in the Eighties, Waterman/Kosmin) 1988: Murray Freedman estimates 10,500 in 1986 (Leeds Jewry: A Demographic and Sociological Profile) 1998: Board of Deputies revises 1985 estimate down to 12,000 (A Profile of British Jewry, Schmool/Cohen)

Jewish population of Leeds, Jewish Year Book (selected years)

8

= 100 Jews

Rest of Leeds:

Alwoodley

Distribution of Jewish population of Leeds by ward (2011 census)

9 ONS: Table KS209EW

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Ward All Christian Buddhist Hindu Jewish Muslim Sikh Other

religion

No religion Religion

not stated

Adel and Wharfedale 19,430 12,614 61 251 106 654 231 41 4,149 1,323

Alwoodley 22,766 10,807 104 716 3,270 1,360 898 70 3,964 1,577

Ardsley and Robin Hood 22,204 13,870 47 106 22 183 86 48 6,447 1,395

Armley 25,550 13,243 107 160 29 1,501 265 100 8,418 1,727

Beeston and Holbeck 22,187 11,811 74 153 28 2,077 223 63 6,202 1,556

Bramley and Stanningley 21,334 11,823 55 77 32 173 46 72 7,676 1,380

Burmantofts and Richmond Hill 24,843 14,158 126 160 25 2,111 104 66 6,365 1,728

Calverley and Farsley 22,594 12,782 46 330 37 1,043 867 89 5,935 1,465

Chapel Allerton 23,536 10,826 147 203 140 2,858 864 129 6,614 1,755

City and Hunslet 33,705 13,925 248 948 136 4,791 281 127 11,058 2,191

Cross Gates and Whinmoor 22,099 14,344 39 68 40 332 126 53 5,695 1,402

Farnley and Wortley 24,213 13,991 64 193 25 304 157 78 7,827 1,574

Garforth and Swillington 19,811 13,904 23 47 20 67 40 47 4,408 1,255

Gipton and Harehills 27,078 10,494 131 282 37 8,991 530 70 4,688 1,855

Guiseley and Rawdon 22,347 14,433 40 35 27 149 85 77 6,008 1,493

Harewood 18,363 12,756 28 66 409 175 201 40 3,463 1,225

Headingley 20,533 7,847 120 328 191 832 135 98 9,579 1,403

Horsforth 21,506 13,277 61 92 54 208 133 81 6,268 1,332

Hyde Park and Woodhouse 25,914 9,337 303 608 332 3,803 201 159 9,347 1,824

Killingbeck and Seacroft 23,749 14,018 73 72 31 457 173 50 7,313 1,562

Kippax and Methley 21,116 14,323 19 13 29 92 30 52 5,127 1,431

Kirkstall 21,709 10,128 135 244 52 1,451 184 115 7,836 1,564

Middleton Park 26,228 14,984 52 67 24 239 49 68 8,984 1,761

Moortown 22,792 11,254 93 610 1,045 1,878 1,224 61 5,055 1,572

Morley North 22,692 14,269 49 207 15 117 237 54 6,290 1,454

Morley South 21,748 12,990 52 144 9 142 158 71 6,642 1,540

Otley and Yeadon 22,233 13,818 68 27 38 86 12 87 6,439 1,658

Pudsey 22,408 13,207 48 108 22 240 262 35 6,988 1,498

Rothwell 20,354 13,565 48 53 21 104 45 43 5,096 1,379

Roundhay 22,546 10,516 77 402 427 2,836 767 80 5,772 1,669

Temple Newsam 21,543 14,575 50 48 32 243 33 49 5,228 1,285

Weetwood 22,375 11,615 117 220 93 1,099 225 74 7,303 1,629

Wetherby 19,979 14,286 67 10 49 176 42 49 4,045 1,255

LEEDS 751,485 419,790 2,772 7,048 6,847 40,772 8,914 2,396 212,229 50,717

ONS: Table KS209EW

Distribution of Jewish population of Leeds by ward (2011 census)

Two thirds of Leeds Jews live within the shaded area

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Brodetsky Primary School

Marjorie & Arnold Ziff Community Centre

Donisthorpe Hall Sinai Synagogue

United Hebrew Congregation

Beth Hamedrash Hagadol Synagogue

Etz Chaim Synagogue

Christian, 68.9%

Muslim, 3.0%

Jewish, 1.2%

Sikh, 1.1%

Hindu, 0.6%

Buddhist, 0.2%

Other religion,

0.2%

No religion, 16.8%

Religion not stated, 8.1%

Christian, 55.9%

Muslim, 5.4%

Jewish, 0.9%

Sikh, 1.2%

Hindu, 0.9%

Buddhist, 0.4%

Other religion,

0.3%

No religion, 28.2%

Religion not stated, 6.7%

Response to religion question in Leeds, 2001 and 2011 censuses

2001 2011

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Population pyramids – general population of England & Wales

2001 2011

Jewish population of England & Wales

13 ONS: Tables S149 (2001), DC2107EW (2011)

Jewish population of Southend on Sea 2011

Jewish population of Hackney 2011

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Jewish population of Leeds

2001

2011

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Ward Jews 18-24 All Jews % 18-24

Headingley 424 474 89.5%

Moortown 46 1,542 3.0%

North 177 3,927 4.5%

Roundhay 32 769 4.2%

University 203 253 80.2%

… … … …

All wards 1,064 8,272 12.9%

Jews in Leeds, 2001 – distribution of 18-24 year-olds

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2001: concentration of 18-24 age group in Headingley and University wards (student residential areas) 2011: data not yet available

Change in Jewish population of Leeds 2001-2011 – by birth cohort

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Jewish children under 15 (census 2011) vs Brodetsky Primary School enrolment (January 2013)

R Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 45 33 43 29 28 25 23

18 Enrolment figures - DfE: SFR21/2013

Ethnic Group Jews - Leeds Jews - England

& Wales All - Leeds

All - England &

Wales

All categories: Ethnic group 6,847 263,346 751,485 56,075,912

White: Total 6,517 243,300 639,487 48,209,395

White: English/Welsh/Scottish/Northern Irish/British 6,065 202,600 609,714 45,134,686

White: Irish 31 1,134 7,031 531,087

White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller 10 247 687 57,680

White: Other White 411

(incl ?? Israeli*)

39,319

(incl ??? Israeli*)

22,055

(incl 38 Israeli)

2,485,942

(incl 3,274 Israeli)

Mixed/multiple ethnic group: Total 89 4,249 19,632 1,224,400

Mixed/multiple ethnic group: White and Black Caribbean 17 784 8,813 426,715

Mixed/multiple ethnic group: White and Black African 7 432 2,493 165,974

Mixed/multiple ethnic group: White and Asian 12 1,235 4,906 341,727

Mixed/multiple ethnic group: Other Mixed 53 1,798 3,420 289,984

Asian/Asian British: Total 18 2,768 58,243 4,213,531

Asian/Asian British: Indian 7 819 16,130 1,412,958

Asian/Asian British: Pakistani 3 440 22,492 1,124,511

Asian/Asian British: Bangladeshi 2 223 4,432 447,201

Asian/Asian British: Chinese 0 326 5,933 393,141

Asian/Asian British: Other Asian 6 960 9,256 835,720

Black/African/Caribbean/Black British: Total 17 1,611 25,893 1,864,890

Black/African/Caribbean/Black British: African 8 618 14,894 989,628

Black/African/Caribbean/Black British: Caribbean 2 511 6,728 594,825

Black/African/Caribbean/Black British: Other Black 7 482 4,271 280,437

Other ethnic group: Total 206 11,418 8,230 563,696

Other ethnic group: Arab 10 571 3,791 230,600

Other ethnic group: Any other ethnic group 196 10,847 4,439 333,096

Some other data from the 2011 census – presented without commentary …

19 ONS: Tables DC2201EW, QS211EW *data not yet available

Country of Birth Jews - Leeds Jews - England

& Wales All - Leeds

All - England &

Wales

All categories: Country of birth 6,847 263,346 751,485 56,075,912

Europe: Total 6,541 228,811 692,562 51,319,357

Europe: United Kingdom: Total 6,362 213,573 665,341 48,570,902

Europe: Ireland 28 1,069 4,762 407,357

Europe: Other Europe: Total 151 14,169 22,459 2,341,098

Africa: Total 71 8,359 16,837 1,312,617

Middle East and Asia: Total 148 15,860 35,030 2,587,066

Middle East and Asia: Middle East 135 13,650 6,544 295,075

(incl 17,778 Israel)

Middle East and Asia: Eastern Asia 2 292 4,282 321,140

Middle East and Asia: Southern Asia 5 1,496 20,190 1,628,037

Middle East and Asia: South-East Asia 5 318 3,958 333,657

Middle East and Asia: Central Asia 1 104 56 9,157

The Americas and the Caribbean: Total 77 9,228 5,782 673,401

Antarctica and Oceania (including Australasia) 10 1,088 1,274 183,373

Other 0 0 0 98

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ONS: Tables DC2103EW, QS203EW

Disability Jews - Leeds

Jews -

England &

Wales

All - Leeds All - England

& Wales

Day-to-day activities limited a lot 9.9% 8.2% 7.9% 8.5%

Day-to-day activities limited a little 11.8% 8.8% 8.9% 9.4%

Day-to-day activities not limited 78.2% 83.1% 83.3% 82.1%

General Health

Very good or good health 77.6% 82.7% 81.9% 81.2%

Fair health 16.3% 12.3% 12.7% 13.2%

Bad or very bad health 6.1% 5.0% 5.4% 5.6%

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ONS: Table DC3203EW

Tenure (by Household

Reference Person*) Jews - Leeds

Jews -

England &

Wales

All - Leeds All - England

& Wales

N (number of households) 3,269 110,726 320,596 23,366,044

Owned: Owned outright 42.4% 39.3% 26.0% 30.8%

Owned: Owned with a mortgage or loan or

shared ownership 31.2% 34.0% 32.6% 33.5%

Social rented: Rented from council (Local

Authority) 2.9% 2.8% 16.9% 9.4%

Social rented: Other social rented 9.8% 4.7% 5.1% 8.2%

Private rented: Private landlord or letting

agency 11.2% 16.5% 16.7% 15.3%

Private rented: Other private rented or living

rent free 2.5% 2.6% 2.7% 2.8%

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ONS: Table DC4204EW

*The “Household Reference Person” (HRP) is the person with the highest level of economic activity (“economically active, employed, full-time, non-student” ranking highest, and “economically inactive, other” ranking lowest), or the eldest such person if there are several people at the same level. A Jewish HRP is not necessarily the same as a “Jewish household” – some Jews will live in households with a non-Jewish HRP; some households with a Jewish HRP will contain non-Jews.

Murray P Freedman משה פייבל בן חיים יעקב הלוי

25 July 1928 – 9 March 2011 23

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Useful sources: Board of Deputies of British Jews – publications available at http://www.bod.org.uk/live/content.php?Category_ID=92 Office for National Statistics – census tables available from https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/ Department for Education – official statistics from http://www.education.gov.uk/researchandstatistics/statistics