the acquirement of scientific knowledge
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The acquirement of scientific knowledge. Aka the scientific method. What is The Scientific Method?. Defined as an organized, logical approach to solve a problem or question. Steps of the Scientific Method. Define a Problem or Ask a Question - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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AKA THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
THE ACQUIREMENT OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
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WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD?
•Defined as an organized,
logical approach to
solve a problem or question
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STEPS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
•Define a Problem or Ask a Question• A clear statement of the problem or
question is a crucial step in beginning an investigation
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STEPS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
• Make Observations• Use of all or some of the senses
(sight, taste, feel, hearing, or smell)• Called a qualitative observation
• Make a measurement• Called a quantitative observation
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STEPS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
•Formulate a Hypothesis• Predict a possible answer to the problem
or question• It should be based on facts and
observations• Should be capable of testing
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STEPS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
•Designing and Performing an Experiment• Develop and follow a procedure• Include a detailed materials list
• The outcome must be measurable (quantifiable)• Experiment must be controlled and include
independent and dependent variables!• Experimental evidence will either support or
contradict hypothesis
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INDEPENDENT VARIABLE(THE CAUSE)
• The independent, or manipulated variable, is a factor that’s intentionally varied by the experimenter• Goes after the “If” in your hypothesis!
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DEPENDENT VARIABLE(THE EFFECT)
• The dependent, or responding variable, is the factor that may change as a result of changes made in the independent variable• Goes after the “Then” in your hypothesis!
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CONTROL GROUP• In a scientific experiment, the control is the group that serves as the standard of comparison• The control group may be a “no treatment" or an “experimenter selected” group
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CONTROL GROUP• The control group is exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group, except for the variable being tested
All experiments should have a control group!
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STEPS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
• Collect and Analyze Results• Data, such as observations and
measurements, are recorded and then analyzed• Confirm the results by retesting• Put your data into a data table• Make the data table into a graph• Graphs make it easier to see patterns in the data!
• DRY MIX• Dependent variable = Responding variable = Y-axis• Manipulated variable = Independent variable = X-axis
• If the data support the hypothesis, then the conclusion would state that the hypothesis is supported• If the data contradict the hypothesis, then a
new hypothesis must be made and tested
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STEPS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
•Draw a Conclusion• Scientists base their conclusions on
observations made during experimentation• Include a statement that accepts or rejects the
hypothesis• A hypothesis is NEVER correct or incorrect
• Make recommendations for further study and possible improvements to the procedure
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IN SUMMARY…
• Careful observation and collection of data is the foundation of any experiment• Observations must be reproducible and may be
categorized as:• Qualitative• Descriptive, e.g., blue
• Quantitative• Measureable, e.g., 4.0 cm
• What is an inference?• An inference is an explanation or assumption of what is
observed• These are conclusions and may change as more data is
collected
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TIME FOR THE CANDLE DEMO
• Watch closely and list as many observations as you can on page 14 of your notebook!• Then, identify each observation as quantitative,
qualitative, or an inference
• A table like the one below may be useful in organizing your thoughts:
Observation Qualitative
Quantitative
Inference
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WHOA!!
• Did any of your earlier observations change after your last observation (eating the candle)?
• How does this relate to what we discussed about the scientific method?
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YOUR TURN!
• Time to apply the scientific method with the Gum Lab!