The Age of ExplorationThe Age of Exploration

Parts of a ShipParts of a Ship

Age of PiratesAge of Pirates

A Pirates CreedA Pirates CreedYe Captain shall have full command during the time of engagement, and Ye Captain shall have full command during the time of engagement, and

shall have authority at all other times to conduct the ship shall have authority at all other times to conduct the ship accordingly.  He who disobeys him may be punished unless the accordingly.  He who disobeys him may be punished unless the majority vote against the punishment.majority vote against the punishment.

If ye Captain's vessel is shipwrecked, the crew pledges to remain until he If ye Captain's vessel is shipwrecked, the crew pledges to remain until he has possessed himself of a vessel.  If the vessel is the common has possessed himself of a vessel.  If the vessel is the common property of the crew, the first vessel captured shall belong to ye property of the crew, the first vessel captured shall belong to ye Captain with one share of the spoil.Captain with one share of the spoil.

If ye introduce on board a woman in disguise, ye shall be punished to If ye introduce on board a woman in disguise, ye shall be punished to death.death.

If one Brother steals from another, his nose or ears are to be cut off.  If If one Brother steals from another, his nose or ears are to be cut off.  If he sins again, he is to be given a musket, bullets, lead and a bottle of he sins again, he is to be given a musket, bullets, lead and a bottle of water and marooned on an island.water and marooned on an island.

If there is any doubt in a dispute between ye Brothers, a court of honor is If there is any doubt in a dispute between ye Brothers, a court of honor is to decide the verdict.  If a Brother is proved in the wrong, the first to decide the verdict.  If a Brother is proved in the wrong, the first time he shall be pardoned, but should he offend again, he shall be time he shall be pardoned, but should he offend again, he shall be tied to a gun, and there shall receive from each of the ship's tied to a gun, and there shall receive from each of the ship's company one strike of the lash.  The same punishment shall be given company one strike of the lash.  The same punishment shall be given to ye among us, including officers, who shall get drunk, while on the to ye among us, including officers, who shall get drunk, while on the ship, to the point of losing ye senses.ship, to the point of losing ye senses.

Whoever shall be placed on sentry, and upon his post shall go to sleep, Whoever shall be placed on sentry, and upon his post shall go to sleep, shall in the first case be lashed by all the Brothers, and should he shall in the first case be lashed by all the Brothers, and should he again offend, his head shall be split.again offend, his head shall be split.

All ye who shall plot to desert, or having deserted shall be captured, shall All ye who shall plot to desert, or having deserted shall be captured, shall have ye heads split open.have ye heads split open.

Quarrels between several Brothers whilst aboard ye ship shall be settled Quarrels between several Brothers whilst aboard ye ship shall be settled ashore with pistol and sword.  He that draws first blood shall be the ashore with pistol and sword.  He that draws first blood shall be the victor.  No striking another whilst aboard ye ship.victor.  No striking another whilst aboard ye ship.

  

Myths & OmensMyths & Omens#Unlucky Friday—Christ’s Crucifixion#Unlucky Friday—Christ’s Crucifixion

#Women on Board—Bad Luck#Women on Board—Bad Luck

#Evil in Bananas—Many Banana ships sank#Evil in Bananas—Many Banana ships sank

#Whistling on Board—Change in Course of #Whistling on Board—Change in Course of WindWind

#Go-Easy Captains—Crew did not Fear him#Go-Easy Captains—Crew did not Fear him

#Sirens--Singing Mermaids lured Men #Sirens--Singing Mermaids lured Men overboardoverboard

““Superstition at Sea”Superstition at Sea”

(read handout)(read handout)

Famous PiratesFamous PiratesBlackbeard Calico Jack Blackbeard Calico Jack

Anne BonnyAnne Bonny

Chapter 6: The Age Chapter 6: The Age of Exploration 1500 -of Exploration 1500 -

18001800Section 1: Exploration and ExpansionSection 1: Exploration and Expansion

1.1. Motives and MeansMotives and Means

A. Europeans had been attracted to Asia for A. Europeans had been attracted to Asia for hundreds of hundreds of

years.years.

- 13th Century – - 13th Century – Marco Polo wrote about Marco Polo wrote about his travels to China in his travels to China in The Travels.The Travels. It was It was read by manyread by many..

- 14th Century – - 14th Century – conquest by the Ottoman conquest by the Ottoman Turks reduced the ability of Europeans to Turks reduced the ability of Europeans to travel by land to the far easttravel by land to the far east. Therefore, . Therefore, people start to thinkpeople start to think about about traveling to traveling to Asia by seaAsia by sea..

Marco Polo & Marco Polo & The The TravelsTravels

Ottoman TurksOttoman Turks

Economic motives:Economic motives:

- - Wanted spices: used to preserve and flavor Wanted spices: used to preserve and flavor food; were very expensive after being shipped food; were very expensive after being shipped across land by Arab middlemenacross land by Arab middlemen

““The 3 G’s”: God, Gold, Glory!!!The 3 G’s”: God, Gold, Glory!!!- Wanted precious metals: - Wanted precious metals: gold and silvergold and silver

- - Spread the Catholic faith to nativesSpread the Catholic faith to natives

C. Means:C. Means:- - 15th century: European monarchs had 15th century: European monarchs had

increase their power and resources.increase their power and resources.

- - New technology made sailing beyond New technology made sailing beyond Europe possible.Europe possible.

- by 1500, cartographers had made - by 1500, cartographers had made accurate maps (mercator projection maps) of accurate maps (mercator projection maps) of the area explored.the area explored.

CompassCompass AstrolabeAstrolabe Improved ShipsImproved Ships

2. The Portuguese Trading 2. The Portuguese Trading EmpireEmpire

A. A. Portugal led the way in Portugal led the way in overseas exploration.overseas exploration.

B. B. Prince Henry the Navigator: Prince Henry the Navigator: Sailed along coast of Africa;Sailed along coast of Africa;

discovered new sources of Golddiscovered new sources of Gold

Portugal Prince Henry “The Portugal Prince Henry “The

Navigator”Navigator”

C.C. Bartholomeu Dias: first Bartholomeu Dias: first to sail around southern to sail around southern tip of Africa; becomes tip of Africa; becomes known as Cape of Good known as Cape of Good Hope; Hope; openedopened trade trade with Asiawith Asia

D. D. Vasco da Gama: first to Vasco da Gama: first to reach the spice port of reach the spice port of

Calicut,Calicut, IndiaIndia

E. E. Portugal was able to Portugal was able to build this trading empire build this trading empire because ofbecause of their guns and their guns and knowledge and skill of knowledge and skill of navigating the seas.navigating the seas.

3. 3. Voyages to the Voyages to the AmericasAmericas

A. A. Spanish wanted to sail West to Spanish wanted to sail West to reach the spice islands; establish reach the spice islands; establish their own trade routestheir own trade routes

B. B. Christopher Columbus: sailed Christopher Columbus: sailed westward for Spain; explored Cuba, westward for Spain; explored Cuba,

Hispaniola all major Caribbean Hispaniola all major Caribbean Islands and Honduras; called all Islands and Honduras; called all

the “Indies”the “Indies”

C. Line of DemarcationC. Line of DemarcationC. C. Line of DemarcationLine of Demarcation – was – was

created because both Spain and created because both Spain and Portugal feared the other would Portugal feared the other would claim some of its newly claim some of its newly discovered territories.discovered territories.

Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas- - Treaty of Tordesillas – set the Treaty of Tordesillas – set the

line of demarcation – an line of demarcation – an imaginary line that ran north and imaginary line that ran north and south – Spain had right to south – Spain had right to explore anything west of the line explore anything west of the line and Portugal anything east of the and Portugal anything east of the line.line.

D. Soon other European countries D. Soon other European countries join the race to claim and explore join the race to claim and explore

the Americasthe Americas - England – - England – John Cabot: explored John Cabot: explored

New England coastlineNew England coastline

Portugal - Pedro Cabral – Portugal - Pedro Cabral – explored and what is today explored and what is today

BrazilBrazil

Amerigo Vespucci – cartographer Amerigo Vespucci – cartographer – mapped the new world and in – mapped the new world and in letters and on maps referred to letters and on maps referred to the new lands as the Americas the new lands as the Americas

The Spanish Empire:The Spanish Empire: A. A. Conquistadors: people who conquered the Conquistadors: people who conquered the

AmericasAmericas B. B. Hernan Cortes : conquered the Aztec Hernan Cortes : conquered the Aztec

Empire in CentralEmpire in Central Mexico.Mexico.

C. C. Francisco Pizzaro: Francisco Pizzaro: Conquered the Incan Empire Conquered the Incan Empire in Peru.in Peru.

D. D. Government: system of Government: system of colonial administrationcolonial administration

- - Queen Isabella declared the Indians her subjectsQueen Isabella declared the Indians her subjects..- - granted encomienda: use Native Americans granted encomienda: use Native Americans

as labors; put to work on sugar plantations and as labors; put to work on sugar plantations and gold and silver mines; treated poorlygold and silver mines; treated poorly

E. European diseases – E. European diseases – smallpox, measles, typhus – smallpox, measles, typhus – killed millions of Indians killed millions of Indians because they were not immune.because they were not immune.

F. F. European systems of religion, European systems of religion, language, culture, and language, culture, and government destroyed native government destroyed native American societyAmerican society..

5. 5. Economic Impact and Economic Impact and CompetitionCompetition

A. A. European conquers sought gold and silver – European conquers sought gold and silver – caused (inflation)caused (inflation)

B. B. Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange: extensive exchange of : extensive exchange of plants and animals between old and new worlds plants and animals between old and new worlds – better nutrition; result: people live longer– better nutrition; result: people live longer

C. C. New Rivals Enter the Scene New Rivals Enter the Scene (Asia):(Asia):

- Ferdinand Magellan claimed Ferdinand Magellan claimed Philippine Islands for Spain – Philippine Islands for Spain – became a major base for trade in became a major base for trade in the Pacific.the Pacific.

- - Portuguese controlled the Portuguese controlled the spice trade in Europe and spice trade in Europe and Asia for most of 1500s.Asia for most of 1500s.

- - 1600s, the Dutch replace the 1600s, the Dutch replace the Portuguese as the major Portuguese as the major

European power – started East European power – started East India CompanyIndia Company

--1700s and 1800s, English and 1700s and 1800s, English and French contributed to the French contributed to the

decline of the Dutch trading decline of the Dutch trading empire.empire.

D. D. Commercial Revolution: increased Commercial Revolution: increased international trade with the international trade with the development of colonies and trading development of colonies and trading postpost

E. E. Mercantilism: economic theory Mercantilism: economic theory that held that the prosperity of a that held that the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver.of gold and silver.

- - should export more than you should export more than you import (balance of trade)import (balance of trade)