the age of reason enlightenment. vocabulary natural law-laws that govern human nature as science...
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The Age of ReasonEnlightenment
Vocabulary• Natural Law-laws that
govern human nature as science governs the physical world
• A social contract-Hobbes state of nature, brutish and uncivil, was given up by people in order to have an organized life.
• Natural right-rights that all people had at birth. This was purported by Locke.
• Philosophes philosophers, thinkers who believed reason could lead to government improvements.
• Physiocrats - philosophes who used reason to endorse an rational economy.
• Laissez-faire--rejection of mercantilism and the desire to gain gold and silver, instead, let the land be productive, produce more wealth and no government interference.
Agriculture, logging and mining produce new wealth
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
English Response to the Glorious Revolution
•Hobbes Believed in Powerful Government ( Absolute Monarchy)
Leviathan. ( 1640’s-English Civil War)
He believed people are born cruel and incapable
An absolute monarchy, which could impose order and compel obedience, was the best government.
He expressed ideas in two treatises defending the Glorious Revolution
People had certain natural rights from birth.
These rights include the right to life, liberty and private property.
A government that overreached can be overthrown
http://youtu.be/1XcjB5nqVgM
Contrast in a Venn diagram• Hobbes • Locke
"Tabula rasa" means "erased tablet" in Latin. He used this term to describe the infant's mind at birth,
Locke supposed the infant's mind to be as white paper, void of all characters, without any ideas. Wondering how the mind came to be furnished, he answered:
experience.
English philosopherJohn Locke - believed people were reasonable & moral.
At birth, people’s minds were a clean sheet of paper
• Voltaire Freedom of Speech and religion
▫What did Louis XIV do to trigger Voltaire's ire?
• Rousseau People are good but are corrupted bythe evils of society. The good of the community as a whole should be put before individual interest. Governments should be elected freely.
If oppressive should be changed by force.
Montesquieu states that the best governmentHad 3 branches. ( this would protect natural rights)• Executive• Legislative• Judicial
This would provide checks and balance.separation of powerNo one all powerful authority
Diderot compiled the ideas of the enlightenment in an Encyclopedia
http://youtu.be/cy2jWJtO3lE
One enlightened women was Mary Wollstonecraft Believed in education for both girls and boys.
The Enlightenment ideal "free and equal” did not apply to women. Though the philosophes said women had natural rights, their rights were limited to the areas of home and family.
Economic policies
Adam Smith He wrote The Wealth of Nations.
He believed government should not interfere with business (laissez-faire)
Smith says that economic growth is linked to market forces (supply and demand). These are natural.
physiocrats
Capitalism or market economyReplaced mercantilism
Economists who applied natural laws to the economy
Do worksheet 1-16Using text 144-148
CENSORSHIP
the control of the information and ideas circulated within a society.
A hallmark of dictatorships throughout history.
Monarchs and the Church wantedto stop the movement, books were
censored and burned
The majority of people, the middle class liked the new concepts
Many philosophes were arrested and jailed
With censorship, how did these ideas
stay alive and spread?1. The Courts of monarchs who wanted to be “enlightened”. ( Catherine the Great)2. Printed materials- pamphlets and the encyclopedia3. Salons
http://youtu.be/SbRGIFIBcQk
absolute rulers who used their power to bring about political and social change.
Rulers who wanted to spread the new ideas--- but keep their authority are enlightened despots.
Joseph IIAustria
• Worked to improve lives of Peasants•Tried to modernize government
CatherineRussia
• Reformed Russian laws and government •( built schools and hospitals•Abolished torture•Criticized serfdom
Frederick the GreatPrussia
• more efficient government•Tolerated religious differences•Despised torture
EnlightenedDespots examples
Art and Architecture
Grand art, Baroque, Huge colorful paintings that showed battle scenes. Austere and inspired thought.
The more personal, light, charming and elegant
Rococo style became more commonplace.Very delicate and ornate.
Replaced by
Culture of the time
Musichttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xq2WTXtKurk&feature=share&list=PLL4bLMIbd7ZysI2lf1p_qtF-lIjkBBa7Q
Guy Fawkes…hero or villain
Gunpowder PlotRobert Catesby
Guy Fawkes
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBVrPurrqCw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DD3c4K8b8X8&feature=relmfu
"Remember, remember the fifth of November.Gunpowder, Treason and Plot.
I see no reason why Gunpowder TreasonShould ever be forgot."
North Americ
a
Before 1763
This war ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763.
England acquired all French land east of the Mississippi except New Orleans.(this was ceded to Spain)
French Canada now belonged to England
The French agreed not to impede Britain's control of India
Britain is the powerful nation in the world in the mid-1700’s
factor Explanation
Geography Great location to control trade
Business England was business friendly and place few restriction on trade.
Union with Scotland
This Union created a larger market for farmers and manufacturers
Ireland Irish lands were taken from the Irish and given to English and Scots
War On the winning side which gave them territory and trade
Britain at mid Century
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONCAUSES AND EFFECTS
CAUSESNeglect of Navigation acts prior to 1763
After 1763---The British monarch tightened up enforcement
Stopped right to assemble in certain colonies—Massachusetts , whenThe colonists grumbled
Merchant Smuggler/Criminal
New taxes to pay for war!
European enlightened ideas
The British thought of the colonies as a trade linkbetween Britain—Africa ---and, the West Indies.
The King, George III, did not think the colonists had any rights as Englishmen.
He believed they could be taxed and not be able to assemble or petition.
Taxes could be placed on the colonists.
The response by the colonists was
1. to protest.
2. the Declaration of Independence
3. The desire to break free from Britain even if it meant a war.
Outcomes
A revolutionary war fought and won by the colonies
A new nation, The United States of America
How did the Colonists defeat
The world superpower?
Home court advantage fought on our own soil.
Trained to fight in the F & I war
Aided by other European countries especially France
BELIEVED IN THE CAUSE
on England
New colonial policiesGeorge III discredited
on English North American colonies.
A new Nation based on Enlightened ideas
A Constitutional Government
On the rest of the world!
Inspired other revolutions Especially France
Effects of this Revolution
Flag of 1789
•The epitome of enlightened thought is the development of a new nation based on those ideals.
Thomas Paine
The Crisis
"These are the times that try men's souls."
“ Society in every state is a blessing, but Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil; in its worst state an intolerable one.”
Commonsense
WHO FOUGHT FORINDEPENDENCE?
Patriots, 1/3 of the population
Tories sided with the British Some did not care who won!
Justification of the Revolutionary War
According to enlightened thinkers
Approved July 4, 1776The British did not protected the natural rights of
the colonists
The colonists declare independence
A new nation is created
The Declaration of Independence
The writings of Thomas Paine