the age of u.s. imperialism
DESCRIPTION
THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM. “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.” - T. Roosevelt. IMPERIALISM - definitions. 1. Imperialism = the quest to build up a territorial empire . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE AGE OF
U.S. IMPERIALISM
• “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.”
- T. Roosevelt
![Page 2: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
IMPERIALISM - definitions
• 1. Imperialism = the quest to build up a
territorial empire.
• 2. Imperialism = control by powerful nation(s) over a less advanced or less civilized area.
![Page 3: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
POWERFUL NATION• USUALLY CHARACTERIZED BY
• Advanced Economy (Industrial)
• Strong Government
• Considerable
Military Strength
![Page 4: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The “Less Advanced” Area• CHARACTERIZED BY
• Primitive economy (pre-industrial)
• Underdeveloped natural resources
• Weak government
• Limited military power
*Imperialism has also been called Colonialism
![Page 5: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
BACKGROUND - Imperialism• US. Imperialism – response to European Imperialism
• 1. Fundamental Cause: Industrial Revolution
Industrialized nations desired colonies to provide:
• a) cheap supply of raw materials
• b) a market for the mother country’s goods
• c) large profits w/ minimum risk on investment of
SURPLUS CAPITAL
![Page 6: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
2. Other Causes:• Used NATIONALIST arguments to gains support
for EMPIRE BUILDING.
• a) gain glory & achieve a “place in the Sun”
• b) secure essential military bases & war materials
• c) provide an outlet for surplus population
• d) provide safety - missionaries spread Christianity
• E) bring to the backward areas the “blessings of the civilized culture” of the West [Europe & USA]
![Page 7: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
This “Duty” of the West• Labeled by RUDYARD KIPLING as
• The “White Man’s Burden”
![Page 8: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
REASONS for U.S. turn to IMPERIALISM • 1) Industrial Revolution
• 2) Closing of the FRONTIER – leads investors to look elsewhere for economic opportunity
![Page 9: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
3. EXAMPLE of other Nations (Imperialist)
• a. British Empire controlled over ¼ of World’s
territory and population
![Page 10: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The British Empire
![Page 11: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Controlled the Suez Canal in Egypt
• 101 miles long• Connects Mediterranean
with RED SEA
![Page 12: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
British Imperialists
• Cecil Rhodes wanted a CAIRO to CAPE Empire
• Cairo is in EGYPT• CAPETOWN is in
South Africa
• Cartoon:
“Colossus of Rhodes”
![Page 13: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The BRITISH Empire’s “Crown Jewel” =
• “THE SUBCONTINENT” AKA INDIA
![Page 14: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
“THE LAND DOWNUNDER”
• AKA Australia
![Page 15: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
“The Sun never sets on the Union Jack”
![Page 16: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
4. American NATIONALISM
![Page 17: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR (1898)
• Causes of the War:
• 1. Despotic Spanish rule over Cuba– A. Spain denied civil liberties & political rights– B. Levied heavy taxes – restricted foreign trade– C. Ruthlessly suppressed rebellions
– D. Spain finally abolished slavery in 1886
– E. Economic depression brings another
revolt for INDEPENDENCE
![Page 19: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
2. American Humanitarianism & sympathy
• A. Sympathized with desire for independence
• B. Outraged when over 200,000 Cubans died in
concentration camps of hunger and disease
![Page 20: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
3. ECONOMIC INTERESTS
• A. American merchants traded with Cuba to the
amount of $100 Million a year
• B. American investors placed $50 million in
sugar and tobacco plantations.
![Page 21: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
4. “Yellow Journalism”• A. William Randolph Hearst – NY Journal
• B. Joseph Pulitzer – New York World
• C. Both Newspapers sought to increase
circulation by sensationalized news stories.
3) Hearst’s Journal printed the Delome Letter
Spanish ambassador calls McKinley “weak”
![Page 22: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
William R. Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer
![Page 23: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Pulitzer vs. Hearst
![Page 24: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
De Lome Letter
![Page 25: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
5. Sinking of the Maine – Feb 1898
• A. American battleship visiting Cuba blown up
• 260 Americans killed
• B. Cause: probably fire in a coal bin
• C. But, American public goaded on by the
Yellow Press – blames SPAIN
![Page 27: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Sensationalism – Yellow Journalism
![Page 28: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Outbreak of the War
• McKinley demands Spain ends camps and negotiate with Cuban rebels
• April 11, 1898: McKinley asks Congress to use American armed forces in Cuba
• Congress approves on 4-20, and recognizes Cuba’s INDPENDENCE from Spain
• Congress adopts Teller Amendment which stated that the United States would not….
![Page 31: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Teller Amendment [1898]• Made PRIOR to Sp-Am War
• U.S. could NOT ANNEX Cuba
• US must “leave control of island to its People”• Superceded by PLATT AMENDMENT
![Page 32: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
CONDUCT OF THE WAR• Battle Cry = “Remember the Maine,
• to HELL with Spain!”
![Page 33: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
George Dewey• Victorious Admiral at
• Battle of Manila Bay
[Philippines]
![Page 34: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Bell Work
• List 4 new territories the US acquired between 1898 and 1920:
![Page 38: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Rough Riders – San Juan Hill
![Page 39: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Buffalo Soldiers
![Page 41: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Treaty of Paris Dec 1898
• Ended 16 - week war
![Page 42: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Terms - Treaty of Paris - 1898• Spain agreed
• 1) CUBA independent
• 2) Puerto Rico and Guam “given” to USA
• 3) Philippines sold to USA for $20 Million
![Page 43: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Platt Amendment - post-war
• Followed Sp – Am War
• Cuba must accept for US to withdraw
• Cuba could not allow foreign powers to control it
• USA could lease land for naval base – Guantanamo Bay
![Page 44: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Protectorate• Cuba becomes a Protectorate of USA
• Protectorate = a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger nation
![Page 45: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Annexation Debate - Philippines
• PRO-Annexation• Educate Filipinos• Uplift Filipinos• Civilize Filipinos
• ANTI-Annexation• Violated the
Declaration of Independence• Denied Self-Government to
the new territories• Introduced more racial
problems
William Howard Taft,Governor of Philippines
![Page 46: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
The “Bolo War”• AKA the Filipino Rebellion• AKA Philippine-American War• Lasted 3 years• Guerilla War • Filipinos fight for independence
• Led by Emilio Aguinaldo
![Page 47: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Meiji Restoration – Japan late 19th C
• Movement to modernize Japan
• Begins w/Commodore Matthew Perry’s visit
• Japan begins to adopt Western ways
• Built up navy
![Page 48: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
GREAT WHITE FLEET
![Page 50: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Spheres of Influence• Ports or regions where a foreign nation retains
exclusive rights over trade, mines, rails, etc.
![Page 51: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Open Door PolicyJohn Hay – Sec. of State
• Called for open access to all of China’s ports
![Page 52: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Boxer Rebellion
![Page 53: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Isthmus• Isthmus – narrow strip of land connecting two land
masses
The Isthmus of Panama
![Page 54: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Nicaragua
• Original site planned for canal to be built
• French attempting to build a canal in Panama
• Eventually went bankrupt
![Page 55: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
PANAMA
• Originally part of Columbia
• Broke away with help of USA’s navy
• Gave USA permission to build canal
![Page 56: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Flag of Panama• Materials
bought in USA
![Page 57: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Panamanian Flag• Materials bought at
• In New York city
![Page 58: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
The PANAMA CANAL - 1914
• Reduced NY – San Francisco trip over 50%
• From 13,000 miles to 5,200 miles
![Page 59: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
CAPE
HORN
![Page 60: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Panama Canal• 51 miles long
• Avg. width 492 ft.
• 6 locks
• 27,500 workers died
• Most from disease
• 10 mile canal zone
![Page 61: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Cross-section: Panama Canal
![Page 62: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Built during the TR years
![Page 63: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Roosevelt Corollary• Put some “teeth” into the Monroe Doctrine
• USA will use
military to
enforce the
Monroe
Doctrine
• Claimed right
to “police” the
W. Hemsiphere
![Page 64: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
GUNBOAT DIPLOMACY• Pursuit of a nation’s
interests with implied use of force
![Page 65: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Dollar Diplomacy = using a nation’s economic power to influence
other countries.
Associated with Taft & subsequent presidents
DOLLAR DIPLOMACY
![Page 66: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Jose Marti
• Consider the “Father of Cuban Independence”
• Died in 1895 leading independence uprising against the Spanish.
![Page 67: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Frederick Remington - artist• Sent to Cuba by Wm. R. Hearst to draw pictures
of Cuba’s fight against Spanish.
• Wm. Randolph Hearst Frederick Remington
You supply the pictures and I’ll supply the war!
![Page 68: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Stephen Crane
• Young novelist• Wrote The Red Badge of Courage
• Sent to Cuba by newspapers
• Served as war
• correspondent;
• Died @ 28 of
• Tuberculosis
![Page 69: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Leonard Wood
• Organized “roughriders”
• Brigadier General in
Cuba during Sp-Am War
• Appointed military gov.
of Cuba
• Helped write the
constitution of Cuba
![Page 70: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
PANCHOVILLA
• Attacked Columbus, NM
• Angered by
US decision to
end arm
shipments to his
rebel forces
• Killed 25
• Americans
![Page 71: THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813fe7550346895daad688/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
John J. Pershing – Mexico 1916
• “Black Jack”
• Led force into Mexico
• Searching for Villa
• Re-assigned WWI