The Allied Victory(Ch. 16, Sec. 4)

How did the Allies gain control on both war fronts?

• Allied Forces under Montgomery (British) and Eisenhower (US) attacked German forces in Africa

• They defeated the Germans at El Alamein, & then crushed Rommel’s Afrika Korps (tanks)

• Hitler began an attack on Stalingrad (Russia) with nightly bombing raids

• Despite heavy bombing by German Luftwaffe, the brutal winter saved a devastated Stalingrad

• The German army was forced to retreat

How was the war effort supported at home (in the US)?

• In the US, factories were converted to wartime production (women filled in for men)

• Shortages of consumer goods led to rationing to support the war effort

• Some citizens contributed by buying war bonds and stamps to help finance the war

• And after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese living in the US were relocated to camps

What events led to the surrender of Germany?

• The D-Day Invasion (1944) of Normandy cost heavy losses, but liberated France (Germany)

• Allies had set up a huge dummy army that appeared ready to attack Calais (seaport)

• The Germans later broke through a weak spot in the American defenses at Ardennes

• Known as the Battle of the Bulge, the Allies held & the Germans had to retreat to Berlin (where they finally surrendered)

What events finally led to the surrender of Japan and an end to the war?

• When Japanese plan to defeat US failed (Leyte Gulf), they used kamikaze pilots on US ships

• The US then took the islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa (350 miles from Japan)

• To save countless soldiers lives, the US dropped two atomic bombs on Japan (Hiroshima, Aug. 6th & Nagasaki 3 days later)

• Japan asked for an armistice on Aug. 14, 1945 and formally surrendered on Sept. 2, 1945

Mushroom Cloud from Atomic Bomb

Destruction Caused by Atomic Bomb