SURV IVETHE AMERICAN JOURNAL OFCIVIL DEFENSE

CONTENTS

Spotlight . . . . . . . . Inside Cover

Why We Fail in Civil Defense,by Frank Williams . . . . Page 1

Report From Caracas,by Margaret Brown

. . Page 2

Helicopter Rescue - GermanVersion,by Kevin Kilpatrick . Page 4

Book Review,by John A . Samuel

. . . Page 6

Soviet Civil Defense,

VOL. 7NO . 2MARCH-APRIL,

1974

by Joanne S. Gailar . . . Page 7

Day of Reckoning,by Robert Baffin

. . . . . Page

Five Years Ago inSURVIVE . . . . . . . . . Page 9

Bluff, Gall, and GeneralCuster, Editorialby Herb Johnson

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Back Cover

See "DAY OF RECKONING" -Page 8

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

PER CAPITACONSUMPTION OF ENERGY IN

THE U . S . A . 1900-2000

(Index Based on EquivalentGallons)

n -

12

10

8

4

3

r

7

id

With the designation of pilot projects for 1974now under way CRP (Crisis Relocation Planning)has been launched by DCPA.

But "slow" is the word from the Pentagon . Firststep is the training of DCPA regional teams whichwill go out to the states and pilot cities . Experiencegained by these teams will determine the feasibilityof CRP planning and the executing of those plans.

Viewed from Washington it looks as thoughpilot studies will get a full focus throughout 1974and that the first projects based on this trial andresearch will kick off in early 1975 . Even then CRPwill get caution flags . The first phase - "Mark I" -will be 100% planning and will concentrate on high-way and relocation area considerations and ex-pedient shelter solutions .

The second phase - "Mark II" - will also belargely planning and will come to grips with theknotty problems of provisioning, controls, economycontinuity, and other difficulties that needsmoothing out in order to make CRP practical . Andthis, according to Pentagon sources, is a complexoperation that is yet over the horizon.

One thing is sure : CRP will be an up-to-date1950's

thefrightening Soviet-American confrontation ofOctober 24-25, should help put sober calculation inplace of euphoria ."

-Phyllis Schlafly

SURVIVEAMERICAN JOURNALOF CIVILDEFENSE

Vol. 7, IVo. 2

March-April, 1974

Sponsored bThe Civil Defense Forum

The Oak Ride Civil Defense SocietyThe Professional Society for Protective

esignTheAssociation for Community-Wide

ProtectionfromNuclear Attack

POLICYBOARDWm. Cornelius Hall, Chairman

Lowell B. JacksonJames Goodwin,Secretary

Karl LundgrenWilliam B. Marty, [USCDC]

W. RayMontgomeryJ. Howard Proctor, ,IUSCDC]

JohnE. BexJ. R. Maxfield [ex officio]

Eugene P. WignerArthur A. Broyles

JohnH. NeilerFrankL. Williams

ADVISORY BOARDBillyG. DunavantNeal FItzSimmonsLauretta E. FoxF. Corning KnoteThomas L. Martian, Jr.,Gordon MolesworthEvar P. Peterson

Anthony J. Wiener

EDITORIALCOMMITTEE

SteuartL. PittmanJohnA. SamuelR. G. SherrardMorris W. Self

By. D. SpanglerH.W. Tarkington

Edward Teller

Karl Lundgren, Chairman

Lauretta E. FoxClifford A. Lyle

FredV. Willis, Jr .

STAFFEditor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Walter MurpheyBusiness Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Margaret BrownCirculation Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . Randine JohnsonPublic Relations Director . . . . . . . . . Frank WilliamsArt Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. C. BrownProductionManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . JimCrosby, Jr .

Suve is published bimonthly by theAssociation" for Community-Wide Protection fromNuclear Attack . Address: Survive, Post Office Box910, Starke, Florida 32091. Subscription : $5.00 peryear .

Survive presents authentic information relatingto civil defense - to the survival of free govern-meat, the United States and its peo.ple in thenuclear age. Its aim is public education in this fieldand service as a forum.

Authors are encouraged to submit manuscripisfor consideration

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ublication. Articles (preferably illustrated) should1,000 to 1,500 words in length, slanted to the

nom-technical reader, and oriented toward the civildefense field. Views expressed in contributions toSurvive are those of the authors and do notnecessarily reflect Survive policy .

Material may be reproduced if context ispreserved, credit given, and copy sent to Survive,Post Office Box 910, Starke, Florida 32091.

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concept and quite different than itspredecessor - evacuation .

Hi

"The middle East Crisis and then

As an early alumnus of the DCPA Career DevelopmentProgram - as the civil defense director who in 1968-9 wasresponsible for the construction of the country's first all-sheltercourthouse - as an active supporter of civil defense research andlegislation - as a long-time student of civil defense techniques inthe United States and abroad - and now as a State Represen-tative in Florida, Frank Williams is in a unique position to put hisfinger on civil defense weaknesses. Here he challenges his fellowlegislators to face the civil defense issue.

WHY WE FAILIN CIVIL DEFENSE

-by Frank Williams

What a pessimistic title! Is it true or not? Havewe failed to provide the people of this nation withthe protection to which they are entitled in time ofdisaster?

There are three "positions" on the question ofCivil Defense:

(1)

That it is necessary and requires mean-ingful emphasis ;

(2) That it is unnecessary and should beabolished ;

(3)

That it is necessary but should be anes-thetized until needed in crisis so as notto cause undue alarm.

In my opinion we have failed, and we need toshift from the third position, where we now are andwhere we are not discharging our responsibilities,to the first position, where the people of the UnitedStates could attain the means of disaster survival towhich they are entitled .

Civil Defense is a long-term requirement, a partof the nuclear era. When it is needed we will eitherhave it or not have it . It cannot be manufactured atthe last minute . It is therefore a political respon-sibility, a vital part of public safety and publicwelfare.

Political leaders must become informed on whatthe nuclear threat really means in terms of an-ticipated casualties and damages and on thepractical measures which can be used to effectivelycombat it . While public interest should be en-couraged, public apathy must be accepted asnatural. The public expects to be protected withoutbecoming involved in the means or mechanics ofobtaining the protection . The same situation existsthroughout the entire field of public safety .

Anyone deeply involved in the business of civildefense sees plainly that civil defense as it nowexists represents a protection for the people whichthe people do not in fact have. We have becomeMAR('II-APRIL, 1974

satisfied with building a bureaucracy and living onfalse statistics . We have become adept at dealing inperipheral matters and dodging main issuesbecause they are not popular and they are difficult.

The only people civil defense people seem to beable to communicate with are other civil defensepeople - and most times they do a poor job of this .

As a former civil defense director (and now as astate legislator) I can plainly see where we havefailed on the local level to get the civil defensemessage across to those who are in the decision-making positions of government . It is up to civildefense leaders to see that these people areproperly informed.

This same situation exists at the higher politicalechelons . I have talked with United StatesSenators, Congressmen, and State Legislators fromall parts of the country and most of them tell methat they don't know what civil defense is, and themajority say that they do not know whothe state orlocal civil defense directors are . Most of them seemto think that the civil defense director is a mansitting around with a tin hat, flash light, and abucket of sand waiting for a bomb to drop.

Could this have any bearing on why we fail?We have general agreement that civil defense is

a nice thing that every American should subscribeto and every public official should support - butunfortunately we all fail to do the job because wefeel that the nuts and bolts of a good civil defensesystem are just too much bother .

When politicians accept national and publicsafety as an inherent and immediate politicalresponsibility - which it is - then and only thenwill civil defense succeed and serve the vital in-terests of our country and its people . Then and onlythen will America be able to build for a real survivalcapability and for real peace .

ArgentinaAustriaBangladeshBrazilCamerounCentral AfricanRepublic

ColumbiaCosta RicaChileChinaCubaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorFranceGabonGreat BritainGuatemalaHondurasIndonesiaIranIrakMaliIsraelItalyLiberiaLibyaMauretaniaMexicoNetherlands AntillesNigeriaNicaraguaPanamaPakistanParaguayPeruPuerto RicoPhilippinesRumaniaSalvadorSaudi ArabiaSenegalSpainSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTanzaniaThailandTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaUruguayUSAVaticanVenezuelaWest GermanyZaireZambia

2

UUDLuv VULNEauaEa~

by Margaret Brown

Over 300 delegates and observers from 58,countries and 11 international relief organizationsaround the world attended the Seventh World CivilDefense Conference in Caracas, VenezuelaFebruary 13th to 17th . These included participantsfrom Israel, Saudi Arabia, Great Britain,Zaire, West Germany, Pakistan, Mexico,tina, Iran, Sweden and Switzerland.

France,Argen-

Dr. Milan M. Bodi, Secretary-General of the sponsoring International Civil DefenseOrganization (Geneva, Switzerland) set the tone for the conference in his opening ad-dress by noting that bringing about a better public awareness to the threats of disasterswas a major goal for disaster preparedness .

A comprehensive statement by Dr. Faruk N. Berkol, United Nations Disaster ReliefCoordinator - an office that is only two years old - stressed the close workingrelationship which exists between his group and that of the International Civil DefenseOrganization .

Probably the most challenging problem to be brought before the conference was theneed for a Latin American Regional Center for Disaster Assistance similar to the oneswhich now exist in Southeast Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean. This would bandtogether a number of Caribbean, Central American and South American countries in anorganization aimed at providing a more meaningful framework for quick and effectiverelief in major disasters .

Venezuelan hosts provided a stimulating setting for the conference at the palaciousCirculo Militar, and Venezuelan hospitality made both the daily conference sessions andoff-time pursuits memorable experiences.

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West Germany invests heavilyin day-to-day helicopter res-cue . Its system, although perhapsnot practical in a country char-acterized by "wide-open-spaces, "appears to pay off handsomelyin the compact network ofGerman autobahns and urbancomplexes .

Cologne medic receives emergency call and locatesaccident site on map .

by Kevin Kilpatrick

Hospital ceremony puts Frankfort BO-105 rescue helicopterinto service .

HELICOPTER RESCUE

- GermanVersion-

Medic, doctor and pilot rush from operations building tohelicopter .

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It's dusk on a cold Sunday afternoon - alongthe Rhine near Cologne, Germany .

In town radio central of the Maltese VolunteerRescue Service* calls Emergency HelicopterOperations at Cologne's Heilig-Geist Hospital :"Highway accident at coordinates 12 and 46 on theCologne-Bonn autobahn . 10 kilometers south ofWesseling . Dead and Injured ."

Before the message has been completed action isbegun. The helicopter pilot has marked the locationon his portable map board and as the message isterminated he is out the door . The medic assistantis on the phone to alert the physician on duty, thenhe too hurries to the helicopter .

Two minutes rotor warm-up time is spent inmaking quick mechanical and equipment re-checks .Before the two minutes are up the physician - onthe run - boards the helicopter, and tie-downs andchalks are removed . The two-minute lapse sees thehelicopter and crew off the ground and gainingspeed on a bearing toward the accident . Within 3 to10 minutes from alarm time a physician is on thescene equipped to rush the critically injured toemergency hospital care .

Hi

Germany's helicopter rescue venture is a solidlong-term plan based on the calculation that eachhelicopter put into service can save 100 lives peryear . Seven helicopters now in service bear thisout . Each helicopter is manufactured specifically forthe rescue mission by the Messerschmidt-Blohm-Bolkow Company in Munich . Each one contains twostretcher spaces which can be quickly loaded fromthe rear and three spaces forward for the crew -pilot, physician and medic. Specially-designed

medical equipment and supplies and a hospital-netted radio for setting up emergencyrequirements for arriving casualties are part of theemergency equipment . The helicopter is in truththe "last word" in air rescue .

Germany plans to addthree helicopters peryearto its rescue helicopter inventory and eventually tohave 20 rescue helicopters to cover Germany'sexpressway system.

This system, one of the most encumbered in theworld, but not one of the safest, boasts in normaltimes no speed limits except for short regulatedstretches. Speeds to 120 miles per hour are not'uncommon, which impose upon drivers somewhatdifferent techniques than those in the UnitedStates .

"The rescue helicopter is here to stay," saysUlrich Weidner, editor of Germany's ZS Magazin(Civil protection magazine). "Each helicopter logsabout 1,000 missions a year - not all of them high-way accidents by any means. Our records are full ofcases where the seriously injured would certainlyhave died without a doctor and .his equipment beingon the scene in a few minutes time . In my opinionthe rescue helicopter's potential is just starting toreveal itself."

At any rate Germany's experiment is no longeran experiment . It has paid off handsomely . Othercountries with similar traffic difficulties are alleyes .*One of West Germany's very active volunteer disasterorganizations . The Catholic group has its origins in the TwelfthCentury Crusades .

Doctor closes helicopter door just prior to take off.

MAKCll-APRIL, 1971

At scene of accident casualty is placed in helicoptertreatment bay.

EXPEDIENT SHELTERS SURVEY, Crist y,George A., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, FinalReport, July, 1973. [Available from NationalTechnical Information Service, U. S . Department ofCommerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Va.22151. Printed Copy $7.60, microfiche $0.95 .1

Expedient Shelters Survey is an excellentreview of what has been done in the past to developdesigns for expedient shelters . It is based on astudy of the designs for hasty and expedientshelters which have been reported in availableliterature . The report also assesses the availabilityof construction materials and equipment normallyon hand in areas of low population density. Anadditional goal is to produce an outline of aproposed handbook of expedient shelter planningand construction .

The report is not, nor is it intended to be, amanual on how to design and build expedientshelter. It would be of very little use to anyoneattempting to plan expedient shelters either for thelocal residents or for a large number of evacueesfrom another area .

The survey does help define the present state ofthe art in expedient shelter design and points outsome positive things which need to be done beforean adequate handbook on expedient shelterplanning and construction can be produced . If thisleads to positive action to develop the necessaryinformation the effort which went into the surveywill not have been wasted . It is to be hoped that thisreport will not join hundreds of other excellentreports, surveys, studies and other results ofresearch effort which are gathering dust on a shelfor in a file cabinet somewhere in the bureaucraticlabyrinth .

The work apparently reflects an interest on thepart of DCPA (Defense Civil Preparedness Agency)in the possibility of evacuation or partial evacuationof high risk areas. Reports of continuing im-provement in Russian evacuation and dispersalplans have sparked interest and discussion ofevacuation of certain cities in the United States as ameans of reducing the vulnerability of the people intime of nuclear crisis .

Quoting the report, "such an evacuation hasmany problems, but one of the most immediate isthe extreme shortage of identified fallout shelters(and essentially no blast shelters) in the rural areasto which the population must be dispersed." Someadditional shelter may be created by modificationsto existing buildings but it is probable that it will benecessary to construct temporary shelters of ahasty or expedient nature . Local and regionalplanners must have information on therequirements for construction of such shelters . Theinformation should include proven, workabledesigns which can be adapted to the local situation,which can be built in a short time by local, mostlyunskilled people, using materials and equipmentlocally available.

The purpose of this study is to review andevaluate what has already been accomplished in thedesign and construction of expedient shelters andto assess the availability of construction materialsand equipment normally on hand in areas of lowpopulation density . An additional goal was toproduce an outline of a proposed handbook of ex-pedient shelter planning and construction .

For purposes of the study, an expedient shelteris defined as a fallout shelter of a temporary naturedeveloped by new construction or buildingmodifications during a crisis situation on apreplanned basis to be used as a small group orfamily shelter. Time available for mobilization andconstruction is estimated to be of the order of 24 to48 hours. The shelters must be habitable for twoweeks under fallout conditions .

During the study, designs for some 11 hastyshelters (those which could be built within a fewhours) and 58 expedient shelters, taken from some72 references, were reviewed and evaluated . Mostof these were found to be unsatisfactory for one ormore of several reasons . Very few of the designshad been tested by actually building the shelter andfewer still had been tested by building them withunskilled labor under simulated crisis conditions .

Thirteen designs were finally selected to beincluded in the proposed expedient shelter hand-book . Some of these will have to be revised beforethey can be included .

The study does not include plans for any of theshelters which were evaluated. Plans will be in-cluded in the proposed handbook but the designsmust first be tested by building a prototype shelterunder simulated crisis conditions . The constructionshould be done by persons who have no con-struction experience . This will very probably resultin some revisions in the designs and reveal a needfor redrawing the plans and rewriting instructionsin simple, nontechnical form.

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Soviet Shelter Buildingby

Joanne S. GailarHealth Physics Division DivisionOak Ridge National Laboratory*

Oak Ridge, Tennessee

On Christmas Day, 1973, a top-level conference of civil defense stafftook place in Moscow. It was presided over by Soviet CD Chief, Col. Gen.Alexander T. Altunin, and was attended by high ranking participants .The agenda included a report on increasing the public knowledge aboutcivil defense.,

It comes as no surprise that Altunin, a deputydefense minister as well as CD chief of his country,would back the promotion of CD instruction for thepopulation . It is his stated conviction that"protection against any weapon, even the mostmodern," is possible "if everyone masters its waysand means." 2

The Soviet Union evidently has no intention ofleaving the important matter of acquiring suchknowledge to chance . One step in the process ofinstructing its citizens is the preparation of highquality CD handbooks, always with a particularaudience in mind. The ORNL has publishedtranslations of three such Russian handbookswithin the past three years: (1) Civil Defense(Moscow 1969), a manual "for all faculties ofagricultural institutes"; 3 (2) Civil Defense (Moscow1970), a text for students in engineering and liberalarts colleges throughout the land;" and (3) An-'tiradiation Shelters in Rural Areas (Moscow 1972),a handbook for the general population.'

The most recent handbook is addressed directlyto the Soviet people . In the introduction it states :

Knowledge on the part of the population of thedamaging factors of nuclear weapons and skillfulapplication of defensive methods could reducehuman casualties by many times in the future war,if it is launched by imperialists .

Having read this memorandum, you will know notonly of the damaging action of penetratingradiation and of radioactive contamination of anarea, which follow a nuclear explosion, but will alsobe familiar with the simplest yet dependable meansof defense .

This handbook, forty pages in the originalRussian, goes on to impart this life-saving in-formation to its readers . Chapter I, What EachPerson Should Know About Radioactivity and ItsDamaging Effects, describes the fireball, the shockwave, initial nuclear radiation, and fallout from a

-Operated by the Union Carbide Corporation for the U . S .Atomic Energy Commission .

MARCH-APRIL, 1974

nuclear explosion, and indicates the time of arrivalof fallout in a specific area in relation to distancefrom the explosion and wind velocity . It also in-dicates the fallout duration .

Chapter II, Why It is Dangerous for People toBe in a Radioactively Contaminated Area, dis-cusses radiation sickness and gives the ranges ofthe radiation doses at which relatively light, in-termediate, and serious illness occur, together withthe symptoms at each level of illness.

Chapter III, Learn to Defend Yourself - YouWill Save Your Life and Preserve Your Health,explains the meaning of such terms as shieldingcoefficient and attenuation factor and gives thebasic requirements for a fallout shelter.**

Chapter IV, How to Build a Fallout Shelter,gives instructions and drawings for building suchshelters as a covered trench shelter, a peak-roofeddugout, a lean-to dugout, a wood-earth shelter, ashelter with a roof made of reinforced concrete slab(one with walls lined with rough lumber and onewithout wall lining), a shelter made of faseines(bundles of saplings, or of stalks of plants), and ashelter of adobe brick.

Chapter V, How to Behave in a Fallout Shelter,instructs the reader, "Take with you a supply offood, drinking water, and essential items" and "donot forget to take . . :means for light . . heating. . .a first aid kit, a radio set, and a time piece ."Chapter V also lists important rules of conductwhile in a shelter.

Chapter VI, How to Protect Water Reservesfrom Radioactive Contamination, concludes thehandbook with instructions and six diagrams onhow to protect wellheads from fallout .

**inadequate ventilation for full occupancy in hot weatherappears to be the only serious deficiency in the expedient falloutshelter designs described in this handbook .

Note : Mrs . Gailar's references available upon request . ,

7

DAY OFRECKONING

- The Energy Crisis and Civil Defense

Americans - energy hogs?

Not a nice thought . But an honest answer ap-pears to be "Yes." Egged on by spirallingprosperity, an economy that measures progress interms of increased consumption, and a philosophythat visualizes bottomless pits of all kinds ofenergy, we have been led to glory in waste. Fuels,foods, fertilizers - you name it, we've wasted it .

Our per capita consumption of energy hasskyrocketed from an index of 3.85 in 1940 to 5.0 in1960 to 7.2 today and is predicted conservatively at12.1 for 2000(while our population has increasedfrom 132 million in 1940 to 212 million in 1974).* Wehave refused to consider the obvious fact that wecan't forever double and redouble our consumptionof conventional fuels (see cover chart) no matterhow vast our resources . Today is one day ofreckoning. Our pillage of earthly energy wealth hasnow caught up with us in form of an energy crisis .Restricted imports have helped us to see the light .What has been previously considered an off-beatalarmist viewpoint - that our common energysources are really finite - has suddenly become areal-life monster .

However, not one that can't be licked .Where does civil defense fit in this picture?

Well, the whole raison d ftre for civil defense is toface up to emergencies . In particular, of course,nuclear attack emergencies (where it fails - seeFrank Williams' article, page 1) . But it has beengenerously applied with notable success to lesserdisaster situations such as hurricanes, earthquakes,tornadoes, floods, transport accidents and the like .

It is now being applied to the energyemergency . Civil defense is prominently in theenergy picture all across the nation . It helps toprovide controls, to resolve hardship situations, andto promote economy measures .

Perhaps its most important role will turn out tobe this last one : to help reign in the soaring energyconsumption curve - to "bend" the curve, to helpmold an American society geared to clipping wasteand doing without energy-hungry frills .

If we were to return to the per capita energyconsumption index of 1950 or 1960, which weretimes of remarkably adequate comfort, we could

- by Robert Baffin

today nicely live within our energy means. Wewould in this way fulfill the goal of American self-sufficiency labelled by the White House as "ProjectIndependence - 1980."

Why not earlier? We have already taken a giantstep in economizing on fuels, and further broadsteps are entirely practical .

Civil defense, for example, has for years vainlydeplored the intemperate use of glass walls inmodern construction . In addition to workingagainst civil defense efforts to promote safety andshelter in new construction, glass walls breed costlybreakage due to storms, vandalism, buildingstresses and accident. More important, theypresent the builder with fantastic temperaturecontrol demands . Glass is almost as poor a thermalbarrier as nothing at all . This fact is finally beingrecognized. The results can be more shelter inquality construction - and substantial savings infuel and equipment .

Perhaps there is also a more subtle opportunityfor civil defense: The energy crisis is not new . Itwas predicted over 50 years ago . Gradually itbecame more and more evident that it wouldmaterialize if preventive measures were not taken .

But until it actually hit us we did nothing. Weignored all warnings . We waited for its impact .Only then did we react .

The same indifference and contempt andridicule shroud efforts to provide America andAmericans with home defenses against modernwarfare . The danger here is also obvious . Thesolutions are known. They even point directly towhat is dearest to our hearts : a world without war.

Maybe in bending the energy curve we can alsoplay some light on available passive defensemeasures that can prevent a "nuclear crunch."

Let's hope so.The index figures used here have been calculated principally

from statistics contained in U . S . Government Printing Officepublication, Understanding the "National Energy Dilemma"(prepared by the Staff of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energyfor the use of that committee) .

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The nerve center of today's North American AirDefense Command (NORAD) is hollowed out ofCheyenne Mountain in Colorado . Flags of theUnited States and Canada represent the dualheadquarters . Inside the tube-like entrance, framedin solid rock and 17-foot-thick concrete collars, aretwo 30-ton steel blast doors. Fifty feet apart, theyform a large admission chamber for entering andexiting traffic .

One massive door is always closed in order toguarantee maximum protection against shock.Inside these doors a 29-foot wide tunnel penetrates1,400 feet to the heart of the mountain . Militarysecurity guards maintain a tight, 24-hour vigil.

Here a 4 1/2 acre subterranean city boasts a

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Hydraulic shock absorbers complement thesprings. Blast valves guard air intake and exhaustlines, as well as water and sewage pipes . Power tooperate the headquarters comes from sixgenerators (956 KW each) that could service a cityof 35,000 . Supplies within Cheyenne Mountain areadequate to keep the entire operation going forover a month's time .

- No SubjectMore Misunderstood.- No Responsibility More Ignored.- No Neglect More Deadly.

Facts

population of 900 military specialists. They occupyeleven windowless steel buildings . Eight of themare three stories high, and they provide slightlyover 200,000 square feet of floor space. Equipmentis shock-mounted. Flexible vestibules connect thebuildings, and the buildings themselves aremounted on over 900 one-ton steel springs.

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Bluff, Gall, and General CusterEDITORIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by Herb Johnson

These lines from VJ . 11 . Auden's poem "September 1, 1939" decry a sleeping Free World's tragicparalysis - the date is that of the rape of Poland .

Auden's words are searingly prophetic today . By anyone's yardstick the Soviets have reachedmilitary superiority, and the gap continues to widen . They spend billions for civil preparednesswhile we struggle each year with our leaders for roughly $0 million dollars. Their recent civildefense activities border on frenzy while our meager effort continues to lose ground.

Det e nlc. . . ? "Our worldin stupor lies . .

"Defenseless i1:n.der the nightOur world in stupor lies . . .

Detente for tis - preparedness for there. It's the same old con gameAuden's words were written.

At the close of World War 11 civil defense in the United States enjoyed National SecurityCouncil Status . Without opposition or guidance from the Congress one President after the other byExecutive Order has downgraded protection for American citizens (civil defense) by burying itunder other agencies - the President distorting his authority, the Congress- ignoring itsresponsibility .

Every oath of office taken by elected officials contains the promise "to protect' the lives andproperty of the people," Yet our national policy for defense has been not to protect our people butto destroy other people if we are attacked . There has been no balance of offensive and defensivesystems . We have relied' solely on offensive systems as a deterrent .

And that deterrent is fast losing its credibility, if indeed it has not, already done so . Jeffrey

-Hart in his syndicated column of January 13, 1974 paraphrases a high-rankilig'American miiitaryofficer in this manner: "If the Soviets had called our bluff in the Mediterranean during the Octoberconfrontation it would have resulted in an American disaster ." Hart goes on to say that the Sovietsmustered 93 ships to our 60 and that their mobility and fire powerwere match greater.

The one thing we seem to have left is gall . And that we have plenty of . I wonder if gall will saveus'? It didn't work for Custer .

Dr . Edward Teller estimates that if we had an "all-out national commitment to ;civilpreparedness it would take 8 years to arrive at optimum civilian protection ." Since no suchcommitment is forthcoming - nor does it appear to be on the most distant horizon -

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PRICE OF PEACE DEFENSE!By WaIrrmer E. Strope

ANA7-OMY OF CRISIS RELOCATIONA Survive Staff Report

'Defenseless under the nightOur world ht, stupor lies . .

NON-PROFIT ORG .U . S . POSTAGE

PAIDSTARKE, FLORIDAPERMIT NO . 61