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THE AMERICAN REDS.^

«*Map of tHe Indian Reservations and Military Posts and Agencies Controlling the Civilized and TTncivilized !ftibes<3ft Longitude S3 West from 81 Washington 29

rmic b RU8SCLUM.V.

WARDS OF THE NATION.Our Indian Reservations and

Reservation Indians.

The Hostile Tribes in Dakota andMontana.

KICKAPOOS IN KANSAS AND IN MEXICO.

Condition of Red Men on the Pa¬cific Coast.

A Prospective and Retrospec¬tive View.

The Lands Occupied asReservations.

Military Supervision at theAgencies.

13m map presented above shows the principalIndian reservations and military posts In that part.f the United States ijln* between Texas andMinnesota on the east and Washington Territoryand Mexico on the Pacific coast, with few excep¬tions all the aboriginal tribes and bands, both peace-foi and hostile, are located within the territory in¬dicated. Most of the troops in the Departm ent ofDakota have been concentrated under Colonel D.8. Stanley to escort the surveying parties on theNorth Pacific Railroad line to the Yellowstone, andM a consequence bat one or two posts are now

/decupled laMINNESOTA.

There are live reservations in this State, on whichwere are about six thousand Indians. The Chip¬pewa* of the Mississippi have been assigned to thereservations known as White oak Point and WhiteEarth. A great many still pursue a roving life,preferring to remain on their old grounds. WhiteOak, from the nature oi the soil, possesses few ad¬vantages for successful agriculture ; but any natu¬ral deficiencies here are more than compensatedby the surpassing beauty and excellence of WhiteEarth. Tfle latter consists of thirty-six town-anipa, diversified by lake, prairie and tim¬ber lands, and le equal, if not superior,In quality or soli to any other lands In Mlnne-¦ota. The I'lllage and Wlnnebagohlsh dwell withinthe limits of the reservation, chiefly upon thelalanda ana snores of Leech and Cass lakes. TheAshing Is not to be excelled. The Red Lake andr«mbina Chippewa* occupy a fertile track alongthe shores of the lake deriving its name from thattribe, although they do /»vt pi«flt py the fertility of

the soil. They live upon roots and berries, whichare abundant. The locations of the reservationsare marked on the map. The Minnesota Indiansare generally peaceiul and need little militarysupervision.

DAKOTA.This Territory, situate west of Minnesota and

immediately sonth of the British Possessions, has a

large and troublesome Indian population, princi¬pally composed of Sioux. It is studded over withmilitary posts and camps. There is a general Siouxreservation, with seven others of lesser area. TheSisseton and Warpetons are located some milessouth or Fort Abercrombic, and, with the UpperMissounans, number about eight thousand seuls.Two companies of the Twentieth infantry, underMajor Yard, occupy Port Wadsworth, on thespot. The Two Kettle, Sans Arc ana Minne-conjoux bands, estimated at between fivethousand and six thousand at the Cheyenne reser¬

vation, have been very troublesome. Twocompanies of the Seventeenth lnrantry arestationed at this point. Nearly seven thousandOnpapas, Yanctonians and Cuthcads are at theGrand River reservation. They are disposed tofollow the chase and avoid, as far as they can, as¬

sociation with other Sioux. Two companies of thesame regiment are also stationed at this agency.The Yancton reservation, in the southern part ofthe Territory, has 1,800 Indians. They arc said tobe making some progress in civilization. At theWhetstone or Lower Brule reservation about 4,000draw subsistence from the government. One-halfare at the Upper Brule. They comprise the Ogal-lalan and seceders from several bands ofSioux, together with 600 half-breeds and whiteswho have cast their lot with them. They roam

over the country a distance of twenty or twenty-five miles. These are guarded by Captain Bush'scompany of the Twenty-second infantry. At theCrow Creek Agency there are 2,400 Indians, be¬longing to different tribes, of violent dispositionand difficult to manage. Troops are located nearthem. The Poncos, on a reservation by them¬selves, on the Nebraska boundary line, close toFort Kandall, have been reduced to 700. They are

willing and anxious to learn the arts of peace.They are provided with a school, but the Interfer¬ence of whites does them mnch injury,

NEBRASKA.There are six reservations in Nebraska. The

four largest.the Pawnee, the Winnebago, theOmaha and Santee Sioux.are marked on the map.A few years since an allotment of lands wasmado tn severalty among the three last named.The head of each family received eighty acres, andthose nnder eighteen and unmarried forty acreseach. The Pawnees, for some reason, did not havean allotment. Most of tbem live In earth-coveredlodges, which are neither olean nor healthy. TheNehames have schools and temperance societies.The Quakers have charge or the Indians. Largetracts of land are represented to be under cultiva¬tion. Nebraska is Included in the NorthernSuperintendence The Indians number aboutseven thousand. There Is a large garrison, com¬

posed of the Second cavalry and Eighth infantry, atOmaha Barracks.

fKANSAS.

The Klckapoos occupy a very desirable reserva¬tion, containing 28,686 acres, in the northeasternpart of the State, and through which tne centralbranch of the Union Pacific Railroad passes. Thecountry wound tbem u settling op rapidly. They

are loyal and peaceable, and evlnco a desire tojot* their raiding brethren in Mexico, on a tract ofland in the Indian Territory, if the removal of thelatter across the Rio Grande can be effected.There live about 1,600 Pottawatamies on a reser¬vation eleven miles square, in Jackson county.They live in separate lodges and possess cattle andan abundance of agricultural implements; on theKansas reservation, 600; Ottoc, 600, and Keosho,6,000. The Shawnees are also anxious to go South.The Third and Filth infantry and Sixth cavalry arestationed in Kansas.

INDIAN TERRITORY.The CfcoctawB, Chickasaws, Kiowas, Arapahoes,

Cherokee*. Comanches, <mages and other tribesare settled in large numbers In the Indian Terri¬tory. Altogether they number nearly fifty thou¬sand souls. The Choctawa constitute a nation, andare governed by a President and Legislature. TheSac and Fox tribes are situated on Deep Fork, westof the Creeks and north of the Semlnoles. Theirland.of good quality.comprises 760 square miles.They were removed from Kansas. The Arapahoesare on the Upper Arkansas, and are well suppliedwith cattle and buildings. The Kiowas andComanches behave well. Large tracts of landarc secured to these tribes, a considerableportion of which have made great progess in civili¬zation. In Kansas and other States Indians desireto be removed to this Territory, where greater ad¬vantages are enjoyed than in any other part of thecountry. The interference ol white men frequentlycauses disorders, and there arc some of the redmen who Indulge in raids into Texas for the pur¬pose of cattle stealing. There are five companiesof troops serving in the Territory.four colored andone white. Three are stationed at Fort sill andtwo at Fort Gibson.

TEXAS.There are no reservations in Texan. Six regi¬

ments are stationed in the State to keep the tur¬bulent savages in order, and to guard the line ofthe Rio Grande from predatory Inroads fromMexico. The government aims at removing thevarious tribes to suitable reservations, but theyprefer the war path and delight in plundering ex¬

peditions. The troops are kept continually mov¬

ing to protect exposed settlements, and escorting,as in Arizona, trains. The Indians on the IndianTerritory in the southeast are charged with fre¬quently making Inroads for the purpose of robberyinto Texas.

MONTANA.Returning to the North we find that the Assina-

boincs, who principally make their abode in theBritish Possessions, cross froquently Into Montana.There are besides In this Territory the Gnos Ven¬tres, Blackfeet, Flatheads, Bend d'OreUles, Crows,Kootenay ana other tribes, each of whom haveagencies. Smallpox has made great ravages amongthese people. The Flatheads have adopted thedress and habits of whites and have made greatprogress in the arts of civilization. An Immensetract of land has been set apart as a reservationnear the boundary line lor the various tribes*The Piegan massacre Is not forgotten, and Itwould appear the Indians prefer the northernside of the line to United States territory. TheYellowstone, towards which the Northern PacificRailroad surveying party Is now advancing, es¬corted by a small army, Is In this locality, and afew days since a report cams of an attack onsome engineers who wero in advance. The num¬ber of Indians in Montana about thirty thousand,

but they have allies In Dakota and in the BritishPossessions.

WYOM1NO.The Shoshones and Bannocks and Mountain

Crows are on reservations in this Territory. Theylive principally by the chase. In 1868 a tract ofland in the western part of Wyoming was set apartfor the Shosnones, who agreed, when the Bannocksshould desire a reservation, one should be set asidefor them. The Shoshones selected one themselves,which includes a large amount or arable land welladapted to cultivation.

COLORADO.There arc several Indian agencies in Colorado. A

general reservation has been laid out for tne sev¬eral tribes of Ctcs and there is another In thesouthern part of the Territory on which there are8,000 Indians. These, of course, do not all remainwithin the limits. The red men are not far re-moved from their original savage condition.

NKW MEXICO.The Indians in New Mexico principally consist

of various tribes of Apaches, Navajos, Pueblos andMescaleros. They number about thirty thousand,but are constantly passing away. Manv of themhold communication with their brethren In Ari¬zona. At the Cimarron Reservation there are

Maquache and Jicarllla Apaches amounting to 900;at Abequln the Neblnoche and Capote, numbering600. who are every day growing less, and the Gilaand Mogollons, at another agency, though havingplenty of good land, are, by associating with badwhite men, completely demoralized. There la alarge reservation in the centre of the Territory,but there are few Indians on it. There are gar¬risons at forts Bayard, Craig, Cummlngs, Garland,McKee, Heldon, Stanton, Tulerosa, Union and Win-gate. The Fifteenth Infantry and Eighth cavalryare stationed In New Mexico.

UTAH.There la but one reservation In Utah.the Uintah.

It contains many thousand acres of excellent land,and, It ib said, there is no better site for Indianfarms. There is plenty of timber and excellentgrazing. The Plutes, Goahutes and Shoatomes arethe government wards. They are self-support¬ing. No Indians now roam over Utah in search offurs, but several thousands are engaged in hunt¬ing. There is a considerable military force in theTerritory, but their presence is not occasioned byrefractory Indians.

ARIZOKA.Portions of thePlrat and Fifth cavalry and Twelfth

and Twenty-third Infantry are stationed in Ari¬zona. Since the visits of General Howard and Vin-cent Colyer a few years since several of the reser¬vations have been broken up and the Indians re¬moved to other localities. The Apaches have shownthe greatest disinclination to remain on the reser¬vations, and when off them have engaged in everydescription of outrage. A vigorous war has beenprosecuted against them in consequence. Cochiseand his band are now on the Bonora boun¬dary line,i and the Narlcopas,' Talorosas,Pimas, Gila Apaches, Ighlte Mountain Apachesand other tribes are required to remain ontheir respective reservations, at the risk of beingexterminated if found off them, in nearly allcases the Indians are subsisted by the government.The tribes generally are la a very degraded condi¬tion. The fighting force of General Crook wasweakened by the witndrawai of five companies ofcavalry sent to operate against the Modocs. It ispresumed tuat the government will tend these

troops back. The Arizona Indiana are not by anymeans subdned, as recent reports clearly show.Tncrc Is yet much to be done to secure the pacifi¬cation of the Territory.

mAHO.The principal reservation in Idaho Is that or tho

fthoshones and Kan nocks. They number 1,100, andarc contented with their home. The Nez Percezhave a valuable reservation In the northwest orthe Territory containing 600,000 acres, made up ofbottom and valley land. The Lapwats have theirgrouad rcnced in and raise good crops, besidesbeing provided with comfortable dwellings. ThePond d'Oreilles and spokanes are provided for atgovernment agencies.

NKVADA.There are several tribes In this State related to

those In Utah. There are two reservations InNevada.one situate on Trnckee River, near itsmonth, which includes within its limits PyramidLake; the other is near tho mouth or WalkerRiver, Including wltbln Its limits Walker's Lake.The fish is plentilnl and excellent. The land Ismuch Improved, and tho Indians are willing towork for compensation. Tho Plntes, Shoshones,Washoes and Goskoots number altogether aboutseven thousand souls.

WASHINOTON TBRRITORY.There are eight reservations in Washington ; the

number or Indians is about 11,000. By treatyfourteen tribes and bands were nnitcd on theYakabama Reservation, the largest in the Terri¬tory. It was formerly occupied as a military sta¬tion (Fort Slmcoe), and all the buildingswere turned over to the Indians in good order.Number or Indians, 2,700. Fire reservations areIncluded atTolallp, near Bellingham Kay, whichembraces a large swamp of 12,000 acres, capableor being drained. There are 4,ooo Indians atTulallp, who are Industrious. They have plenty orcattle and make a profitable business or cattingdown wood.The chehallln Reservation contains 5,000 acres or

rich alluvial land on the Cbeballls River. It waspurchased by the government for the use or theIndians, bat the treaty not having been ratified byCongress there have been fears they woald oe dis¬turbed in possession. They namoer 600, includingChlnooks, Shoal Water Bays, Clatsops and liamp-totops. Chehallis, Colvllle, Shokomlab, NeanBay and other agencies are in rair condition. Theother tribes In Washington are the Coenr d'Alcnea,Spokanes, Walla Wallas, Payallops and Umatlllaa.Portions of the Fourth artillery and Twenty-flrstInfantry have been serving In Washington.

OREGON.The six reservations in this State include Warm

Springs and Klamath. The two named have nowbecome historical, Klamath being the home Inwhich the government placed the murderer Jackand where he refused to remain, and WarmSprings having furnished Donald McKay and bisband of warriors, who fought so effectively againstthe Modoos. Umatilla Reservalion has l,ooo In¬dians, representing three tribes.the Walla Waljas,the Cayuse and Umatlllaa. They are Intermarriedwith the Lapwais, the Slmcocs and Warm Springs.The Grand Rondo Reservation is well suppliedwith cattle ; Alsea has great nataral resources andIs capable or supporting a large population, andSilets supports a number or fragmentary tribesand bands. They are reported to be restless andquarrelsome. There Is a reservation set apartn«*r Fort Warner for roving tyuids oi Indians. The <

confederated tribes of Middle Oregon prosper Inpeace. The Oregon tribes have always been war*like.

CALIFORNIA.The reservations in California, with the excep¬

tion of the one occupied by the Mission Indians,have been heretofore very badly managed. HoundValley, in Mendocino connty, contains 6.000 aoresand la entirely surrounded by mountains. Thereare located on It abont seven hundred Indians, andits recent direction illustrates the degree of pros¬perity that may be attained onder just agents.The Indians have been stimulated to labor andthey thrive accordingly. This year they hare 700acres planted In small grain, 195 acresIn corn and 100 acres in vegetables.The- Indians are docile and jcontent.Hoopa Valley is not at all well conducted; the landis besides sterile and the crops usually fail. It ispartly fenced In with brush. There are abont twohundred of the Tule tribe on the Hoopa reserva¬tion. The Mission Agency, in San Diego county, hasunder Its control ever Ore thousand of the SanLuis, Rey, Diegenes and Cohahullla tribes. Thereexists a dispute as te the title to their lands, whichare very extensive, they claiming under Mexicangrants made before the acquisition or California bythe United States. Having been under the controlof the early Catholic fathers these Indians are faradvanced in civilization. The Nomalacher and PittHlver agencies are In peor condition. The totalnumber of Indians in California is about twenty-flve thousand. For the most part they are Dig¬gers.a very luferlor race.

STATE TEMPERANCE CONVENTION.Albany, N. Y., June 22, 1878.

The arrangements for the state Convention Inthe Interests or the Sabbath and temperance, to beheld next Tuesday in Tweddle Hall, are nearlycompleted. Among the prominent gentlemen whohave signified their intention to participate areRev. Dr. Cuyler and Rev. B. E. Hall, of Brooklyn;Rev. Dr. Foss and J. N. Stearns, of New York : Re*.I)r. Darling, of Albany; Hon. W.J. Groo. of Middle-town; John O'DonneU, of Lowvilie; J. W. stebblnsand Rev. Mr. Mailer, of ltochister, and Rev. J. B.smith, of Geneva. The tajier beer and politicalquestions will probably occupy m et of the- tune ofthe Convention.

CANADIAN MARKSMEN PIT T0~WI¥BLED0N.QuiBtc, Jane 22, 1878.

The Canadian marksmen whe are to take part 10the shooting at Wimbledon sailed for England to¬day In the steamship Prussian. Thry were ad¬dressed on board by the Governor General.

BHIPWRECK AND L088 OF LITE,qvsbbc, c, IS., Jnne 22, 18n,

A telegram frem Port an Basque reports a shiptotally wrecked and the drowning of the captainand mate.

RECOVERY OF BODIES FROK THE ATLANTIC?WRECK.Halifax, If. 8., June 22, UJ%

Pour more bodies have been recovered from tMAtlantic wreck.

FIRE IN PENNSYLVANIA.South hctuliihv, Jnne 22, 1878.

The large tannery belonging to B. J. Routs, atBeersvtlie, four miles from here, turned lastnight. Damage about twenty thousand dollars^

k insurance. 116*000.