the american revolution: 1775-1781
DESCRIPTION
The American Revolution: 1775-1781. Opposing Sides. Opposing Sides. By mid August of 1776, 32,000 British troops had arrived Controlled by William Howe Continental Army=230,000 Rarely had more than 20,000 at a time. Opposing Sides. Paying for the war became a problem for colonies - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Britain Americans
Advantages ? ?
Disadvantages ? ?
Opposing Sides
![Page 3: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Opposing Sides
By mid August of 1776, 32,000 British troops had arrived
Controlled by William HoweContinental Army=230,000
Rarely had more than 20,000 at a time
![Page 4: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Opposing Sides
Paying for the war became a problem for colonies
Continental Congress couldn’t taxRobert Morris helped fund the Cont. Army
Setup loans and helped establish the Bank of North America to help finance the military
![Page 5: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Military Strategies
Attrition [the Brits had a long supply line].Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war you don’t have to win a battle, just wear the British down]Make an alliance with one of Britain’s enemies.
The American
s
The BritishBreak the colonies in half by getting between the No. & the So.Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally.“Divide and Conquer” use the Loyalists.
![Page 6: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Phase I: The Northern Campaign[1775-1776]
![Page 7: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Crown Point
![Page 8: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Capturing of Fort Ticonderoga
![Page 9: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Fort Ticonderoga 1775
![Page 10: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Fort Ticonderoga
![Page 11: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Battle of Quebec 1775
![Page 12: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Battle of Quebec 1775
![Page 13: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Phase II:NY & PA[1777-1778]
![Page 14: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Northern Campaign[1777-1778]
Britain wanted to take New York City to crush the will of the colonial rebelsContinental Congress asked George Washington to defend NYC
Troops were inexperienced so the British easily took NYC
Washington and his troops retreated Nathan Hale=U.S. spy was captured and hanged “ I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country”
British established NYC as their headquarters for the rest of the war
![Page 15: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
New York City in Flames(1776)
![Page 16: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Crossing the DelawareBattle of White Plains
Washington is forced to retreat againBritish heads toward Philadelphia/ instead of following retreating colonial forces
Washington reaches Penn.=British had stopped their advance and est. winter quarters in N.J. On Dec. 25, 1776, Washington led 2,400 troops across the icy Delaware River
Won two small victories at Trenton and Princeton
SETTLED IN HILLS OF N.J. FOR WINTER
![Page 17: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Battle of White Plains
![Page 18: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Washington Crossing the Delaware
Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851
![Page 19: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Battle of Trenton
![Page 20: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Battle of Trenton
![Page 21: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Battle of Trenton
![Page 22: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Battle of Princeton
![Page 23: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Battle of Princeton
![Page 24: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Battle of Princeton
![Page 25: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Philadelphia FallsGen. John Burgoyne devised a three-pronged attack of New York (March 1777)
Attack NY from the North, South, and West
Wasn’t carried out
In Spring of 1777, Gen. Howe took 13,000 troops and attacked Philadelphia from the South (Maryland)
Defeated Washington at the Battle of Brandywine Creek
Captured PhiladelphiaContinental Congress escaped and Howe failed to destroy C.A.
Retreated to VALLEY FORGE
![Page 26: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Battle of Brandywine Creek
![Page 27: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Valley Forge
![Page 29: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Valley Forge
![Page 30: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Valley Forge
![Page 31: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Valley Forge
![Page 32: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Valley ForgeBitter cold and food shortages killed nearly 2,500 men
Two European military officers joined Washington and helped improve discipline and boost morale
1. Marquis de Lafayette (France)2. Baron Friedrich von Steuben
(Prussia)
![Page 33: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
France Enters the WarGen. Burgoyne in June of 1777, attacks New York from the North (Quebec) with 8,000 troops
800 British troops and 1,000 Iroquois attacked Albany from the east=defeated by Benedict Arnold
He won a few early victories but were unable to defeat Americans in upper NY
With his supplies dwindling and him being unable to defeat the militia Surrendered at SaratogaTurning point of the WAR!!!!!!
![Page 34: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Saratoga: “Turning Point” of the War?
A modern-day re-enactment
![Page 35: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Saratoga
![Page 36: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Saratoga
![Page 37: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Saratoga
![Page 38: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
War in the WestIn 1778, George Rogers Clark took 175 troops down the Ohio River and captured several towns
Gave Americans control of the region
Various Indian Groups joined w/ British and fought against the Americans
Most suffered defeats and had villages and towns destroyed
![Page 39: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
France Enters the WarFrance and Spain had been sending weapons to the AmericansU.S. now wanted troops from France
French didn’t want to get involved until they new the Americans could winBattle of Saratoga Victory=French alliance w/ U.S.
Feb.6, 1778, U.S. signed two treaties1st France recognizes U.S. as an independent nation2nd Alliance b/w France and U.S.
![Page 40: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
War at SeaAmerican ships attacked British merchant ships=disrupt trade
Congress issued letters of marque=licenses to private ships authorizing them to attack merchant ships (Brit.)Seized millions of dollars of cargo
Most famous naval battle= John Paul Jones Bonhomme Richard vs. Serapis and Countess of Scarbrough, Sept. 1779
Jones “I have not yet begun to fight.”3hrs of fighting=British surrendered
![Page 41: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Bonhomme Richard vs. Serapis and Countess of Scarbrough, Sept. 1779
![Page 42: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Bonhomme Richard vs. Serapis and Countess of Scarbrough, Sept.
1779
![Page 43: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
John Paul Jones“I have not yet begun to fight.”
![Page 44: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Phase III: The Southern Strategy [1780-1781]
![Page 45: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Britain’s “Southern Strategy”Britain thought that there were
more Loyalists in the South.Southern resources were more valuable/worth preserving.The British win a number of small victories, but cannot pacify the countryside [similar to U. S. failures in Vietnam!]Good US General:Nathanial Greene
![Page 46: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
The Southern CampaignBritish defeat at Saratoga=Gen. Howe resigned
Replaced by Sir Henry Clinton
In Dec. 1778, British captured Savannah, GAGen. Clinton the attacks Charles Town, SC
About 14,000 troops surround the cityOn May 12, 1780, Americans surrendered5,500 Americans captured=biggest defeat
![Page 47: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
The Southern CampaignUpset the “over-the-mountain” men, put together a militia
Battle of Kings MountainDefeated Ferguson and destroyed his armyTurning point of Southern Campaign
Gen. Nathaniel GreeneHoped to wear down British while militia destroyed supply lines
Carried out hit-in-run raids against British camps and supply wagonsFrancis Marion “Swamp Fox”=leader of most famous militia
![Page 48: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Nathaniel Greene
![Page 49: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Battle of King’s Mountain
![Page 50: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Battle of King’s Mountain
![Page 51: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
The Southern CampaignIn Spring of 1781, Gen. Cornwallis decided to invade VA
Linked up w/ Benedict Arnold’s (traitor) forcesBegan to conquer VA
In June 1781, Americans led by Gen. Anthony Wayne forced Cornwallis to retreat to Yorktown
Cornwallis wanted to protect supplies and maintain communications by sea
![Page 52: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
The Southern CampaignWashington and Rochambeau rushed to VA
French fleet was arriving from the Caribbean
On Sept. 28, 1781, American and French forces surrounded Yorktown
On Oct. 14 Alexander Hamilton captured key British defenses
On Oct. 19, 1781, Gen. Cornwallis and 8,000 British troops surrenderedEND OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
![Page 53: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
The Battle of Yorktown (1781)
Count de Rochambeau
AdmiralDe Grasse
![Page 54: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
The Battle of Yorktown (1781)
![Page 55: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
The Battle of Yorktown (1781)
![Page 56: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:
Painted by John Trumbull, 1797“The World Turned Upside
Down!”
![Page 58: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Reasons for American Success
Americans were more motivatedBritish were overconfidentTime was on the side of the AmericansAmericans fought along side the British's most hated rival the French
![Page 60: The American Revolution: 1775-1781](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568166a5550346895dda9408/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
North America After theTreaty of Paris, 1783