the american revolution causes, enlightenment, & key figures
TRANSCRIPT
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The American RevolutionCauses, Enlightenment, & Key Figures
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REVIEW
• Revolutions follow a general pattern• Preliminary Stage – Problems with Old
Regime• 1st Stage – Moderates peacefully take over• 2nd Stage – Radicals violently take over• 3rd Stage – Nation recovers & begins to
grow
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What were the political causes of the American Revolution?
How did Enlightenment ideas influence the creation of the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights?
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Origins
• American colonists were citizens of Britain• Entitled to rights English citizens received
• Magna Carta• English Civil War• Glorious Revolution• English Bill of Rights
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• Colonists protected from French & Indian attacks – Britain defeated French during French & Indian War
• France forced to surrender control of Canada
• Colonists no longer feared invasion, hoped to expand westward
Origins
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Taxes & Liberty
• Britain ran up debt during French & Indian War, taxed colonists to help pay it off
• Colonists objected to taxes – Taxes created without their consent; violation of their rights as English citizens
• Colonists favored self-government, British Parliament felt they controlled colonists
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Enlightenment & Revolution
• Church – Ministers delivered sermons criticizing British government
• Legacy of Glorious Revolution – Demonstrated English citizens could overthrow oppressive ruler
• Enlightenment Ideals – Writers made colonists think “Taxation without representation” was unjust
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• Britain sent troops to prevent unrest• Eliminated most taxes, insisted on taxing
tea• Boston Tea Party – Colonists disguised as
Indians dumped a shipload of tea into harbor
Enlightenment & Revolution
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• Boston Massacre (1775) – 1st violence of Revolution between colonists & British
• Enlightenment writers said colonies should be independent due to distance from Britain
• French sided with colonies after persuasion, and wanted revenge for French & Indian War
Enlightenment & Revolution
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Constitutional Convention
• After winning independence they sent representatives to Constitutional Convention
• Wanted to create strong government, but not strong enough to threaten liberties
• Constitution created system with power divided between national & state government
• Created 3 branches (Legislative, Executive, & Judicial) to divide power
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• Checks & Balances (each branch has to approve decisions made by other branch) created to keep 1 branch from becoming too powerful
• Bill of Rights (1st 10 Amendments) added to protect individual liberties
• Ultimate power rested with citizens
Constitutional Convention
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Major Figures
• Thomas Pain – English Writer – Published Common Sense – Colonies should be independent
• Lafayette (French) & Kosciuszko (Poland)• Volunteers that persuaded France to support
the colonists• John Locke – English Writer – Power
comes from the people