The AmericasThe Americas

Lesson #2Lesson #2

Settlement and IndependenceSettlement and Independence

After the Europeans realized they were not After the Europeans realized they were not in Asia or the Indies, they focused on in Asia or the Indies, they focused on

gathering the riches of this “New World”.gathering the riches of this “New World”.

European ColonizationEuropean ColonizationStarting in the 1500s, first the Spanish and then the Portuguese began settling parts of the Americas. By the late 1500s, French, English, and other European settlers arrived in North America. Most came for one of three reasons:

1.To farm the plentiful land available.

2.To search for valuable minerals like gold.

3.To escape religious or political PERSECUTION.

Map of Map of European European Colonial Colonial Claims in Claims in

the the 1700s.1700s.

The three main rivals who tried to control North The three main rivals who tried to control North America in the 1700s, were the English, the America in the 1700s, were the English, the

French, and the Spanish.French, and the Spanish.

The English had 13 colonies on the Atlantic Seaboard.

French ColoniesFrench ColoniesThe French were primarily in North America to trap and trade rather than to permanently settle. Many of them did intermarry with the local native women.

The settlements they did create were mainly in Quebec along the St. Lawrence River. Other settlements were established along the Mississippi River, the most famous being the city of New Orleans.

New France included land along the St.

Lawrence River, the

Great Lakes, and land

drained by the

Mississippi River.

Spanish ColoniesSpanish ColoniesThe Spanish ruled large areas west of the Mississippi River, although they did set up the first European colony on U. S. soil in 1565 at St. Augustine, Florida.

The Spanish settled large areas of modern-day Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California.

The Spanish were the first Europeans to claim large parts of both North and South America. By 1750, they did have some settlements in parts of what is now the southern U. S.

After losing the French and Indian War, the French

government was basically kicked out of

North America, but

settlers stayed behind.

The U. S. was first in the Americas to gain independence.The U. S. was first in the Americas to gain independence.

Eventual Territorial Growth of the U. S. 1783 - 1853Eventual Territorial Growth of the U. S. 1783 - 1853

Canadian IndependenceCanadian Independence

With so many Americans arriving in Canada, With so many Americans arriving in Canada, during and after the American Revolution, during and after the American Revolution, the British eventually divided it into two parts.the British eventually divided it into two parts.

Lower Canada was established along the Lower Canada was established along the eastern part of the St. Lawrence River where eastern part of the St. Lawrence River where mainly French was spoken.mainly French was spoken.

Upper Canada, included the western part of Upper Canada, included the western part of the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes region. English was mainly spoken.region. English was mainly spoken.

Lower Canada is shown in green. Lower Canada is shown in green. Upper Canada is shown in yellow.Upper Canada is shown in yellow.

English-Speaking

French-SpeakingPlease do not be confused by the

terms “Lower” and “Upper”.

In this instance, “Lower” refers to the area near the mouth of a river. “Upper” refers to

being further up the river, near its

source.

Upper and Lower Canada united in 1841, and Upper and Lower Canada united in 1841, and self-government was approved by Great Britain self-government was approved by Great Britain in 1849.in 1849.

In 1867, the Dominion of Canada was In 1867, the Dominion of Canada was established, and the provinces of Quebec, established, and the provinces of Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick were Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick were united.united.

Manitoba, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Manitoba, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island were then added later.Island were then added later.

Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Newfoundland Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Newfoundland were added in the 1900s.were added in the 1900s.

1867

1867

1867 1867

18701871

1873

19051905

1949

1870

1898

1999

The Map in 1800Latin America was dominated by the Spanish and the Portuguese.

Other Europeans such as the British, French, and Dutch, had smaller influences.

Viceroyalty of New Spain – Early 1800sViceroyalty of New Spain – Early 1800s

Included Mexico,

and several of

the Central

American countries.

Viceroyalty of New Granada – Early 1800sViceroyalty of New Granada – Early 1800s

Included Venezuela

, Colombia,

and Ecuador.

Viceroyalty of Peru – Early 1800sViceroyalty of Peru – Early 1800s

Included most of the modern-day countries of Peru and

Chile.

Viceroyalty of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata – Rio de la Plata –

Early 1800sEarly 1800s

Included the modern-day countries of

Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and

Argentina. Brazil had to earn its

independence from Portugal.

Until around 1800, about 2,000 Portuguese and Spanish settlers arrived each year.

Other Europeans, especially Italians, British, French, and Germans came. In

modern times, so many of them settled in the nations of Argentina and Uruguay, that

they were known as immigrant nations.

Europeans Migrate toEuropeans Migrate toLatin AmericaLatin America

IndependenceIndependence

Inspired by the American Revolution, people living in Latin America began to

desire their independence as well. Throughout the first half of the 1800s, many of them began to achieve it. Haiti, a French colony, was the first to gain independence in 1804. Most of the Spanish colonies had

to fight and struggle to gain their independence.

Many of the island nations stayed

colonies well into the 20th century.