the ancient greeks: sparta and athens chapter 4 section 2 mrs. deborah thompson world history
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The Ancient Greeks: Sparta and Athens Chapter 4 Section 2 Mrs. Deborah Thompson World History. Did you know?. Children in ancient Greece played many games we still play today including backgammon, checkers, hockey, and chess. Vocabulary Review!. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Ancient Greeks:The Ancient Greeks:Sparta and AthensSparta and Athens
Chapter 4 Section 2Chapter 4 Section 2Mrs. Deborah Thompson Mrs. Deborah Thompson
World HistoryWorld History
Children in ancient Greece played Children in ancient Greece played many games we still play today many games we still play today including backgammon, checkers, including backgammon, checkers, hockey, and chesshockey, and chess
TyrantTyrant – someone who takes power – someone who takes power by force and rules with authority.by force and rules with authority.
OligarchyOligarchy –rule by the few –rule by the few DemocracyDemocracy – a citizen-run – a citizen-run
government.government. HelotHelot – workers captured and – workers captured and
enslaved by the Spartans.enslaved by the Spartans.
Powerful Powerful noblesnobles with large farms with large farms seized power from the Greek seized power from the Greek
kings.kings.
Farmers lost their Farmers lost their landland and had and had to work for the nobles or were to work for the nobles or were
sold into sold into slaveryslavery..
Farmers often had to Farmers often had to borrow borrow moneymoney from nobles and could from nobles and could
not pay back the debt.not pay back the debt.
At the end of the Dark
Age…
TyrantsTyrants, or people who take , or people who take power by force and rule with power by force and rule with
total authority, arose.total authority, arose.
Support came from the Support came from the hopliteshoplites in the army, who were also in the army, who were also
farmers.farmers.
TyrantsTyrants overthrew overthrew nobles nobles because they had the backing of because they had the backing of
the the common peoplecommon people..
Unhappy Unhappy farmersfarmers
demanded demanded changeschanges
Changes in the Power Structure
1
2
3
4Sparta had an
oligarchy.
Athens had a
democracy.
Most early Greek Most early Greek tyrantstyrants acted wisely acted wisely
and fairly.and fairly.
Tyrants made themselves popular Tyrants made themselves popular by building new by building new marketplaces, marketplaces,
templestemples, , and protective walls.and protective walls.
Most Greeks didn’t want rule Most Greeks didn’t want rule by by one personone person, so , so
tyrants fell out of favor.tyrants fell out of favor.
By 500 B.C. most city-By 500 B.C. most city-states states
became either became either oligarchies oligarchies
or democracies.or democracies.
SPARTASPARTA
Life in Sparta
To keep the helots under control they To keep the helots under control they created a created a strong militarystrong military of boys and of boys and
men.men.
The results were …
So this happened …
Then this happened …
And that led to this …
Spartans feared that the Spartans feared that the helots might helots might rebelrebel against against
them.them.
Sparta was founded by the Sparta was founded by the DoriansDorians who invaded the who invaded the PeloponnesusPeloponnesus in the in the
Dark AgeDark Age..
Sparta needed more land to grow, so Sparta needed more land to grow, so they they conqueredconquered and enslaved their and enslaved their
neighbors.neighbors.
They called their captive workers They called their captive workers helotshelots, a Greeks word for “, a Greeks word for “capturecapture”.”.
Started with …
Children were raised Children were raised to be to be soldiers soldiers or the or the mothers of soldiers.mothers of soldiers.
Boys were sent to Boys were sent to live in military live in military barracks at the age barracks at the age of of 77..
Men trained Men trained heavily in combat heavily in combat
and expected and expected either to win or to either to win or to
die on the die on the battlefield.battlefield.
Spartan men Spartan men returned returned homehome at at
age of age of 3030 but but stayed in the stayed in the
army until army until age 60age 60..
At age At age 2020, Spartan , Spartan men entered the men entered the regular army and regular army and
lived in the military lived in the military barracks for another barracks for another
10 years10 years..
They were harshly treated to make them tough.They were harshly treated to make them tough.
Spartan girls were Spartan girls were trained in sports such trained in sports such as running, as running, wrestlingwrestling, ,
and throwing and throwing the the javelinjavelin..
Spartan women Spartan women
were freer than were freer than
other Greek other Greek
women and could women and could
own own propertyproperty..
Women ran the Women ran the homes and homes and farms farms
while the men were while the men were in the military in the military and living inand living in
the the barracksbarracks..
They kept fit to They kept fit to become healthy become healthy
mothersmothers..
Spartan Women
Goddess Artemis was often seen as a Patron goddess
and warrior in Sparta.
Sparta’s Governme
nt
Means rule by a few.Means rule by a few.
Two kings headed a council of elders.Two kings headed a council of elders.
The council included 28 citizens over The council included 28 citizens over age 60 and presented laws to an age 60 and presented laws to an
assembly.assembly.Oligarchy
Ephors enforced the laws and managed Ephors enforced the laws and managed tax collection.tax collection.
They voted on the council’s laws and chose They voted on the council’s laws and chose 5 people to be ephors.5 people to be ephors.
All Spartan men over age 30 belonged All Spartan men over age 30 belonged to the assembly.to the assembly.
Assembly
The Spartans focused on military skills to control the
people they conquered.
Focused Military Training
Spartans Spartans fell fell
behind behind other other
Greeks in Greeks in tradetrade
and they and they knew knew less less
about about science science
and and other other
subjects.subjects.
SpartanSpartans s
soldiers soldiers were were
strong strong and and
swift.swift.
To prevent To prevent questioning of questioning of the Spartan the Spartan system of system of
governmentgovernment
Banned Banned traveltravel abroad abroad for any for any reason reason except except military military
onesones
FrowneFrowned upon d upon citizens citizens
who who studied studied literaturliterature or the e or the
arts.arts.
DiscourageDiscouragedd
foreign foreign visitorsvisitors
Athens lay northeast of Sparta, at least a two-day trip away.Athens lay northeast of Sparta, at least a two-day trip away.
Unlike Spartans, Athenians were more interested in building a democracy than building a military force.
Athenian girls stayed at home and their mothers Athenian girls stayed at home and their mothers taught them spinning, weaving, and other taught them spinning, weaving, and other
householdhousehold duties. duties.
Women married and stayed home to keep Women married and stayed home to keep house and to teach their own daughters.house and to teach their own daughters.
Athenian boys went to school where they learned Athenian boys went to school where they learned reading, writing, math, music, and sports to reading, writing, math, music, and sports to
become well rounded citizens.become well rounded citizens.
At age At age 18,18, boys finished school and boys finished school and became became citizenscitizens..
An assembly of citizens An assembly of citizens existed with few powers existed with few powers and the government and the government was an was an oligarchyoligarchy..
Early Athens Athens after 600 B.C.
Government of AthensMembers of Members of
the assembly the assembly were chosen were chosen by by lotterylottery..
Until the 600’s Until the 600’s B.C., Athens was B.C., Athens was ruled by ruled by landowning landowning noblesnobles..
Athenians rebelled Athenians rebelled against the nobles because against the nobles because many were many were farmersfarmers who who
owed money and had to owed money and had to sell themselves into sell themselves into
slaveryslavery to pay to pay their their debts.debts.
Farmers demanded an Farmers demanded an
end to all debts and land end to all debts and land
for the poor.for the poor.
In 594 B.C. the nobles In 594 B.C. the nobles turned to turned to SolonSolon as a leader. as a leader.
1.
6.
5.
4.
3.
2.
ATHENS: Yesterday & Today
ATHENS: Yesterday & Today
The Acropolis TodayThe Acropolis Today
The ParthenonThe Parthenon
The AgoraThe Agora
OlympiaOlympia
Olympia: Temple to Hera
Olympia: Temple to Hera
The 2004 OlympicsThe 2004 Olympicshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8ztMlmavBw
Solon’s Reforms to
the Government
Canceled Canceled all the all the
farmers farmers debtsdebts..
Refused to Refused to give away give away
the the wealthy wealthy nobles’ nobles’ land.land.
Freed those Freed those who had who had become become slavesslaves..
Allowed all Allowed all malemale citizens to citizens to
participate in the participate in the assembly and assembly and law law
courts.courts.
A A council of 400council of 400 wealthy citizens wealthy citizens wrote the laws wrote the laws
but the assemblybut the assemblyhad to pass themhad to pass them..
Solon, Reformer of Athens
A tyrant named A tyrant named PeisistratusPeisistratus seized seized power in 560 B.C. power in 560 B.C. and won support and won support
of the poor by of the poor by dividing large dividing large estate among estate among
landless farmerslandless farmers..
After After Solon, Solon, there there
were 30 were 30 years of years of turmoil.turmoil.
He also He also loaned loaned
money poor money poor people and people and gave them gave them
jobs in jobs in public public worksworks..
Cleisthenes Cleisthenes came to came to
power in 508 power in 508 B.C. and B.C. and
reorganized reorganized the the
assemblyassembly..
1.
4.
2.
3.
Reforms Reforms of of
CleisthenCleistheneses
Power to Power to debate debate matters matters openly, openly, hear hear court court cases cases and and appoint appoint army army generalgenerals.s.
Gave assembly
power
Although Although women, women, foreign-foreign-born men, born men, and slaves and slaves were were excluded excluded from from votingvoting..
Made Athens a
Democracy
Created a council of
500 citizens
Helped the Helped the assembly assembly carry out carry out daily daily business business such as: such as: proposing proposing lawslaws, , dealing with dealing with foreign foreign countries, countries, and and overseeing overseeing the the treasurytreasury..
The impact of Cleisthenes' reforms was felt almost
immediately, revolutionizing all aspects of Athenian life.
Democracy released unheard of potentials in its citizens and ushered in an age of achievement and
prosperity. What happened to
Cleisthenes after instituting his reforms is, however, a
mystery.