The Basics of Quality The Basics of Quality ControlControl

for Insect Rearing for Insect Rearing20132013

Norm LepplaNorm Leppla

University of FloridaUniversity of Florida

Department of EntomologyDepartment of Entomology

and Nematologyand Nematology

Norm’s Career in Insect Norm’s Career in Insect RearingRearing• University of Arizona- Insect rearing research, 2 yearsUniversity of Arizona- Insect rearing research, 2 years

• USDA, ARS- Insectary management, Florida and USDA, ARS- Insectary management, Florida and Texas, 17 yearsTexas, 17 years

• USDA, APHIS- Methods development, Washington DC USDA, APHIS- Methods development, Washington DC and international, 7 yearsand international, 7 years

• University of Florida- Integrated pest management University of Florida- Integrated pest management and Biological Control, 16 years and Biological Control, 16 years

• Chemical ecology and quality of Chemical ecology and quality of Spalangia cameroni Spalangia cameroni (Erika Machtinger)(Erika Machtinger)

• Rearing and quality of Tamarixia radiata (Chris Kerr)Rearing and quality of Tamarixia radiata (Chris Kerr)

I. I. IntroductionIntroduction

Countries of Workshop Countries of Workshop StudentsStudents

Quality Control TopicsQuality Control Topics

I.I. Introduction- Learning how to Introduction- Learning how to rear quality insectsrear quality insects

II.II. Colony Establishment and Colony Establishment and MaintenanceMaintenance

III.III. Monitoring QualityMonitoring Quality

IV.IV. Evaluation and ManagementEvaluation and Management

V.V. Guidelines for Quality SystemsGuidelines for Quality Systems

VI.VI. Total Quality ManagementTotal Quality Management

Learning How to Rear High Learning How to Rear High Quality InsectsQuality Insects

•Apprentice in an insectaryApprentice in an insectary

•Network with other professionalsNetwork with other professionals

•Literature plus trial-and-errorLiterature plus trial-and-error

•Visit other insectariesVisit other insectaries

•Reviews by expertsReviews by experts

•Education and Training programs Education and Training programs

MSU Insect Rearing MSU Insect Rearing WorkshopWorkshop

John Schneider

Frank Davis

http://insectdiets.com/

•An Introduction to Insect Rearing

•Physical Aspects of Insect Rearing

•Biological Aspects of Insect Rearing

•Following Insectary SOPs: How and Why?

Online Rearing Courses- 2013

2004

Insectary Insectary Manager Manager NetworkNetwork

Anyone associated with the mass Anyone associated with the mass rearing of insectsrearing of insects

65 Members65 Members

http://www.entsoc.org/

Subscribe:Subscribe:((leonwesterd@gmail.coleonwesterd@gmail.comm))

Insect Rearing Insect Rearing Professionals Professionals Google GroupGoogle Group

Léon WesterdGroup moderatorHead of insect rearingWageningen UR, Netherlands

VI. Total Quality ManagementVI. Total Quality Management

Parts of an Insect Rearing Parts of an Insect Rearing SystemSystem

Generic Guidelines Generic Guidelines forfor

Quality Systems Quality Systems

•Policy, Planning and AdministrationPolicy, Planning and Administration

•Design Assurance and Change ControlDesign Assurance and Change Control

•Control of Purchased MaterialsControl of Purchased Materials

•Production Quality ControlProduction Quality Control

•User Contact and Field PerformanceUser Contact and Field Performance

•Corrective ActionCorrective Action

•Employees- Select, Train and MotivateEmployees- Select, Train and Motivate

A Complete QA A Complete QA

SystemSystem

Quality Assurance Actions Frequency of Actions

Production and Process Control Routinely Periodically Possibly

Have up-to-date standard operating procedures X

Use check sheets to monitor rearing processes X

Record daily production data X

Track changes in production X

Review production with staff X

Improve product quality based on staff feedback X

Product Control

Conduct product quality control assessments X

Have established minimum thresholds of quality X

Use standard shipping and handling procedures X

Customer Service

Add customer feedback forms to shipments X

Add product use instructions to shipments X

Have an established customer service program X

Improve product quality based on customer feedback X

Quality Assurance Actions Frequency of Actions

Research Routinely Periodically Possibly

Maintain internal methods improvement X

Conduct publishable research X

Communicate research needs to outside researchers X

Collaborate with researchers without funding projects X

Contract for research and provide funding X

Outreach

Provide materials for training activities X

Provide products for training activities X

Participate in training activities X

Describe quality assurance program X

II. A. Purposes for Rearing InsectsII. A. Purposes for Rearing Insects

II. B. Types of Insect Rearing II. B. Types of Insect Rearing

SystemsSystems

II. C. Options for Colonizing InsectsII. C. Options for Colonizing Insects

II. D. Maintaining the Quality of II. D. Maintaining the Quality of

Colonized Insects Colonized Insects

II. Colony Establishment II. Colony Establishment andand Maintenance Maintenance

II. A. Purposes for Rearing II. A. Purposes for Rearing InsectsInsects

White witch, White witch, Thysania Thysania agrippina agrippina (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae

MonarchMonarch

Painted LadyPainted Lady

Small-Scale Rearing: Small-Scale Rearing: ButterfliesButterflies

II. B. Types of II. B. Types of InsectInsect

Rearing SystemsRearing Systems

Annie LorieAnnie Lorie““Insect rearing is never Insect rearing is never a boring task; insects a boring task; insects are always doing are always doing something interesting something interesting and pose new and pose new challenges all the time”challenges all the time”

Punky Punky RogersRogers

Medium-ScaleMedium-Scale RearingRearing

Mass Rearing- MedflyMass Rearing- Medfly

Metapa, MexicoMetapa, Mexico

El Pino, El Pino, GuatemalaGuatemala

Capacity- 3.5 billion sterileCapacity- 3.5 billion sterilemale pupae per week male pupae per week

Honolulu, HawaiiHonolulu, Hawaii

Nori Tanaka

Peter EblingInsect Producer Database Mgr.Great Lakes Forestry Centre1219 Queen St. EastSault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5peter.ebling@nrcan.gc.ca(705) 541-5517

II. C. Options for Colonizing II. C. Options for Colonizing InsectsInsects

•World-wide listing, World-wide listing, 35 insect & 21 35 insect & 21 nematode ordersnematode orders

•Data submitted by Data submitted by sourcessources

•Searchable Searchable databasedatabase

•Expand clientsExpand clients

•Adopt-a-colonyAdopt-a-colony

http://www.insect.glfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.cahttp://www.insect.glfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca

Field CollectingField CollectingCabbage LoopersCabbage Loopers

Continuous Improvement of Continuous Improvement of Insect Rearing CapabilityInsect Rearing Capability

II. D. Maintaining the QualityII. D. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insectsof Colonized Insects

Maintaining the Quality Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Iof Colonized Insectsnsects

•Collection of appropriate biotypesCollection of appropriate biotypes

•Colonization and strain developmentColonization and strain development

•Rearing proficiencyRearing proficiency

•Colony management Colony management

•OptimizationOptimization

•Strain replacementStrain replacement

III. A. Quality Control Criteria III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized Tests and Standardized Tests

III. B. Sampling for Consistent III. B. Sampling for Consistent Quality Quality

III. C. Production, Process and III. C. Production, Process and Product Control Product Control

III. Monitoring QualityIII. Monitoring Quality

III. A. Quality Control Criteria III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized Testsand Standardized Tests

•Quantity- Number of Pupae or AdultsQuantity- Number of Pupae or Adults

•Size- Weight of Pupae Size- Weight of Pupae

•Fecundity- Oviposition and Egg HatchFecundity- Oviposition and Egg Hatch

•Rate of Development-SynchronizationRate of Development-Synchronization

•Adult Behavior-Flight, Longevity Adult Behavior-Flight, Longevity

•Field Performance- Achieve PurposeField Performance- Achieve Purpose

SpecificationsSpecifications- Requirements - Requirements forfor

a product or service a product or service

StandardsStandards- The level of quality - The level of quality at which a specification is at which a specification is

writtenwritten

III. B. Sampling III. B. Sampling for Consistent for Consistent QualityQuality

CountCount = Measurement = N = Measurement = N

MeanMean = Sum/Number of Counts = X = Sum/Number of Counts = X

VarianceVariance = Sum of (N – X) = Sum of (N – X)2 2 / n-1 = / n-1 = 22

Standard Deviation Standard Deviation = Square Root of = Square Root of 2 2 = SD= SD

Container 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 175 157.6 17.4 302.76 190 190 191 180 142

2 167 157.6 9.4 88.36 191 191 190 180 176

3 144 157.6 -13.6 184.96 191 190 192 189 156

4 166 157.6 8.4 70.56 191 192 190 176 138

5 136 157.6 -21.6 466.56 190 191 190 174 181

Average 157.6 190.6 190.8 190.6 179.8 158.6

Sum of Squares

1,113.2

Variance 278.3

Standard Deviation

16.7 0.5 0.8 0.9 5.8 19.4

Number of Cabbage Number of Cabbage Looper Pupae Per Rearing Looper Pupae Per Rearing ContainerContainer

Shelf 1 is Shelf 1 is lowestlowest

Quality Control Quality Control ChartsCharts

III. C. Production, ProcessIII. C. Production, Process and Product Controland Product Control

IV. A. Structured DiagnosticIV. A. Structured Diagnostic Procedures Procedures IV. B. Quality Control versus IV. B. Quality Control versus Methods Improvement Methods Improvement IV. C. Periodic Review IV. C. Periodic Review

IV. Evaluation and ManagementIV. Evaluation and Management

IV. A. Structured DiagnosticIV. A. Structured Diagnostic ProceduresProcedures

IV. B. Quality Control Versus IV. B. Quality Control Versus Methods ImprovementMethods Improvement

Quality Control

• Monitor indicator variables

• Evaluate multiple variables

• Troubleshoot using QC data

• Conduct evaluations rapidly

• Goal is to restore stable production Methods Improvement

• Conduct evaluations methodically

• Test one variable at a time

• Use controlled experiments

• Test results in the production system

• Goal is to optimize production

Type of Research Research Priorities

Feasibility/market analysis Natural enemy effectiveness in controlling target pestsProduct development Quality assurance systems

Mass production

 

Rearing facilities Mechanized equipmentRearing materialsNatural and artificial dietsRearing and harvesting techniquesProduction quality controlProcess quality controlProduct quality control

Utilization

 

Product handling and storageAutomated counting technologyImproved packaging and shippingExtended use period Efficient scouting techniques Optimal release numbers, rates and timingMechanized application technologiesEfficient product evaluation proceduresUtilization quality control

Application environment Site-specific pest prevention Systems to maximize the effectiveness of natural enemiesNatural enemy use with pesticidesSystems with multiple products and pestsEffectiveness in seasonal and perennial crops

Olivefly Methods ImprovementOlivefly Methods Improvement

FAO/IAEA Entomology Unit Seibersdorf, Austria - 2009

Bactroceraoleae

Eg

gs/

Cag

eEggs laid

Eggs hatched

Sex ratio male:female

Tota

l eggs

laid

Number of females

Eggs laid

Eggs Hatched

Eggs laid

Eggs hatched

Tota

l eggs

laid

Number of males

Olivefly Methods Olivefly Methods ImprovementImprovement

IV. C. Periodic IV. C. Periodic ReviewReview

V. Guidelines for Quality V. Guidelines for Quality SystemsSystems

IOBCIOBC

Global Quality Global Quality Control ProgramsControl Programs

•Individual Companies Customers

•International Standards ISO 9000 IOBC Guidelines

•The Marketplace Quality Products

to facilitate and to facilitate and advance cost-effective advance cost-effective rearing of high quality rearing of high quality insects and other insects and other arthropods in support arthropods in support of biological control and of biological control and integrated pest integrated pest managementmanagement

http://www.amrqc.orghttp://www.amrqc.org

International International Organization for Organization for

Biological ControlBiological ControlMission:Mission:

Workshops of the IOBC,Workshops of the IOBC, WGQC (AMRQC) WGQC (AMRQC)

1982 Gainesville, Florida E. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers1984 Wadenswil, Switzerland E. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers1986 Guatemala City, Guatemala C. 0. Calkins1988 Vancouver, Canada C. 0. Calkins1991 Wageningen, Netherlands F. Bigler and J. C. van Lenteren1992 Horsholm, Denmark F. Bigler1993 Rimini, Italy M. Benuzzi and N. C. Leppla1995 Santa Barbara, California R. F. Luck and N. C. Leppla1998 Cali, Colombia N. C. Leppla and T. R. Ashley2003 Montpellier, France P. De Clercq, S. Grenier and NCL2007 Montreal, Canada S. Grenier and C. S. Glenister2010 Vienna, Austria P. De Clercq and T. A. Coudron2013 Bangalore, India P. De Clercq and T. A. Coudron

Insect Pest Insect Pest Control (IPC)Control (IPC)

http://www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/ipc/public/ipc-model-plan-sterile-insect-technique.html

Leppla’s Insect Rearing Leppla’s Insect Rearing Quality Control ReferencesQuality Control References

• Leppla, N. C. 2013. Quality Assurance for Mass-Reared Leppla, N. C. 2013. Quality Assurance for Mass-Reared Parasitoids and Predators. In Mass Production of Parasitoids and Predators. In Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms. Elsevier.Beneficial Organisms. Elsevier.

• Leppla, N. C. 2009. The basics of quality control for Leppla, N. C. 2009. The basics of quality control for insect rearing. insect rearing. InIn Principles and Procedures for Principles and Procedures for Rearing Quality Insects. Mississippi State University. Rearing Quality Insects. Mississippi State University.

• Leppla, N. C. 2004, 2008. Rearing of Insects.Leppla, N. C. 2004, 2008. Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Entomology. Kluwer. Encyclopedia of Entomology. Kluwer.

• Leppla, N. C. 2003. Leppla, N. C. 2003. Guidelines for quality control of Guidelines for quality control of commercially produced natural enemies. commercially produced natural enemies. In In Quality Quality Control and Production of Biological Control Agents, Control and Production of Biological Control Agents, Theory and Testing Procedures. CABI. Theory and Testing Procedures. CABI.

• Leppla, N. C. 2002, 2009. Leppla, N. C. 2002, 2009. Rearing of Insects. Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press. Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press.

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