The Basics of Quality The Basics of Quality ControlControl

for Insect Rearing for Insect RearingNorman C. LepplaNorman C. Leppla

University of FloridaUniversity of Florida

Department of EntomologyDepartment of Entomology

and Nematologyand Nematology

Leppla’s Career inLeppla’s Career inInsect RearingInsect Rearing

• University of Arizona- Insect Rearing Research, 2 years

• USDA, ARS- Insectary Management, Florida & Texas, 17 years

• USDA, APHIS- Methods Development, Washington DC & International, 7 years

• University of Florida- Integrated Pest Management, 10 years

Countries of Workshop StudentsCountries of Workshop Students

Educational Background

High School

BS

MS

PhD

Number of responses

Entomology

Agronomy

Plant Health

On the Job

Maintaining the Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Quality of Colonized

InsectsInsects• Collection of appropriate biotypesCollection of appropriate biotypes

• Colonization and strain developmentColonization and strain development

• Rearing proficiencyRearing proficiency

• Colony management Colony management

• OptimizationOptimization

• Strain replacementStrain replacement

I. IntroductionI. Introduction

II. A. Purposes for Rearing InsectsII. A. Purposes for Rearing Insects

II. B. Types of Insect Rearing II. B. Types of Insect Rearing

SystemsSystems

II. C. Options for Colonizing InsectsII. C. Options for Colonizing Insects

II. D. Maintaining the Quality of II. D. Maintaining the Quality of

Colonized Insects Colonized Insects

II. Colony Establishment II. Colony Establishment andand Maintenance Maintenance

II. A. Purposes for Rearing Insects

Monarch

Painted Lady

Small Scale Rearing: Butterflies

II. B. Types of InsectRearing Systems

Diet Preparation Building

Insect Rearing Facilities

General Rearing Building

State-of-the-Art Rearing Rooms

Medium-Scale Rearing: Lepidoptera

Cabbage Looper

Corn Earworm

USDA, ARS Rearing

Keith Halein

Clarence GreenJack

Rye

Bill Fisher

USDA, ARS Rearing

Steve CarlyleFred AdamsFred Adams

Fred Adams

Annie LorieInsect rearing is never a boring task; insects are always doing something interesting and pose new challenges all the time

Punky Rogers

USDA, ARS Rearing

Mass Rearing: Medfly

Waimanalo, Hawaii

Metapa, Mexico

Honolulu, Hawaii

Nori Tanaka

Peter EblingInsect Producer Database Mgr.Great Lakes Forestry Centre1219 Queen St. EastSault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5peter.ebling@nrcan.gc.ca(705) 541-5517

II. C. Options for Colonizing II. C. Options for Colonizing InsectsInsects

http://www.insect.glfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca

• World-wide listing- 35 insect & 21 nematode orders• Data submitted by sources• Searchable database• Expand clients• Adopt-a-colony

Field CollectingCabbage Loopers

Continuous Improvement Continuous Improvement of Insect Rearing of Insect Rearing

CapabilityCapability

II. D. Maintaining the QualityII. D. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insectsof Colonized Insects

SpecificationsSpecifications- Requirements - Requirements forfor

a product or service a product or service

StandardsStandards- The level of quality - The level of quality at which a specification is at which a specification is

writtenwritten

Bonus: Learning How to Bonus: Learning How to Rear High Quality InsectsRear High Quality Insects

•Apprentice in an insectary

•Network with other professionals

•Literature plus trial-and-error

•Visit other insectaries

•Reviews by experts

•Education and Training programs

First Training Program First Training Program for Insectary Managersfor Insectary Managers

•Rearing Theory- Dietetics and nutrition, laboratory colonization, production, problems & solutions, quality assessment

& performance, future of insect rearing as a scientific discipline

•Rearing Practical- Biology, colony maintenance, production management

•Insectary Management- Insect rearing management concept (IRM), planning,

staff management

Insect Diet & Rearing Insect Diet & Rearing Research, LLCResearch, LLC

•Rearing news

•Research

•Consultation

•Educational programs

•Quality control

•Custom workshops

http://www.insectdiets.comhttp://www.insectdiets.com

III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized Tests III. B. Sampling for Consistent

QualityIII. C. Production, Process and Product Control

III. Monitoring QualityIII. Monitoring Quality

III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized

Tests•Quantity- Number of Pupae/AdultsQuantity- Number of Pupae/Adults

•Size- Weight of Pupae Size- Weight of Pupae

•Fecundity- Oviposition and Egg HatchFecundity- Oviposition and Egg Hatch

•Rate of Development- SynchronizationRate of Development- Synchronization

•Adult Behavior- Flight, Longevity Adult Behavior- Flight, Longevity

•Field Performance- Achieve PurposeField Performance- Achieve Purpose

III. B. Sampling III. B. Sampling for Consistent for Consistent QualityQuality

CountCount= Measurement (X)= Measurement (X)

MeanMean= Sum/Number of Counts (= Sum/Number of Counts (XX))

VarianceVariance= Sum of Counts - = Sum of Counts - XX22 (V) (V)

Standard DeviationStandard Deviation= Square Root of V (S)= Square Root of V (S)

III. C. Production, ProcessIII. C. Production, Process and Product Controland Product Control

IIV. A. Structured Diagnostic ProceduresIV. B. Quality Control versus Methods ImprovementIV. C. Periodic Review versus Crisis Review

IV. Evaluation and ManagementIV. Evaluation and Management

IV. A. Structured DiagnosticIV. A. Structured Diagnostic ProceduresProcedures

IV. B. Quality Control IV. B. Quality Control versus Methods versus Methods ImprovementImprovement

Quality ControlQuality Control

•Monitor indicator variables

•Evaluate multiple variables

•Troubleshoot using QC data

•Conduct evaluations rapidly

•Goal is to restore stable productionMethods ImprovementMethods Improvement

•Conduct evaluations methodically

•Test one variable at a time

•Use controlled experiments

•Test results in the production system

•Goal is to optimize production

IV. C. Periodic Review IV. C. Periodic Review versus Crisis Reviewversus Crisis Review

• Terms of referenceTerms of reference• PreparationPreparation• Seek to understandSeek to understand• ClarifyClarify• ReflectReflect• ReportReport• FeedbackFeedback

V. Guidelines forV. Guidelines for Quality Systems Quality Systems

•Policy, Planning and AdministrationPolicy, Planning and Administration

•Design Assurance and Change ControlDesign Assurance and Change Control

•Control of Purchased MaterialsControl of Purchased Materials

•Production Quality ControlProduction Quality Control

•User Contact and Field PerformanceUser Contact and Field Performance

•Corrective ActionCorrective Action

•Employees- Select, Train and MotivateEmployees- Select, Train and Motivate

Global Quality Control Global Quality Control ProgramsPrograms

•Individual CompaniesIndividual CompaniesCustomersCustomers

•International International StandardsStandardsISO 9000 ISO 9000 ASTM ASTM IOBC Guidelines IOBC Guidelines

•The MarketplaceThe Marketplace Quality ProductsQuality Products

to facilitate and to facilitate and advance cost-effective advance cost-effective rearing of high quality rearing of high quality insects and other insects and other arthropods in support arthropods in support of biological control and of biological control and integrated pest integrated pest managementmanagement http://www.amrqc.orghttp://www.amrqc.org

Workshops of the IOBC,Workshops of the IOBC, WGQC (AMRQC) WGQC (AMRQC)

19821982 Gainesville, FloridaGainesville, Florida E. F. Boller and D. L. ChambersE. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers19841984 Wadenswil, SwitzerlandWadenswil, Switzerland E. F. Boller and D. L. ChambersE. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers19861986 Guatemala City, GuatemalaGuatemala City, Guatemala C. 0. CalkinsC. 0. Calkins19881988 Vancouver, CanadaVancouver, Canada C. 0. CalkinsC. 0. Calkins19911991 Wageningen, NetherlandsWageningen, Netherlands F. Bigler and J. C. van LenterenF. Bigler and J. C. van Lenteren19921992 Horsholm, DenmarkHorsholm, Denmark F. BiglerF. Bigler19931993 Rimini, ItalyRimini, Italy M. Benuzzi and N. C. LepplaM. Benuzzi and N. C. Leppla19951995 Santa Barbara, CaliforniaSanta Barbara, California R. F. Luck and N. C. LepplaR. F. Luck and N. C. Leppla19981998 Cali, Colombia Cali, Colombia N. C. Leppla and T. R. AshleyN. C. Leppla and T. R. Ashley20032003 Montpellier, France Montpellier, France P. De Clercq, S. Grenier and P. De Clercq, S. Grenier and

N. C. LepplaN. C. Leppla2007 2007 Montreal, Canada Montreal, Canada S. Grenier and C. S. Glenister S. Grenier and C. S. Glenister20102010 Vienna, AustriaVienna, Austria P. De Clercq and T. A. CoudronP. De Clercq and T. A. Coudron

Abiotic environment

• Holding Conditions

• Release methods (knockdown, handling)

Biotic environment

• Juvenile hormone (Methoprine, fenoxycarb)

• Nutrients (sucrose, protein)

• Semiochemicals (methyl eugenol, citrus oil)

http://www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/ipc/index.

Insect Pest Control (IPC)*Model Business Plan for a Sterile Insect Production

Facility

Improving Male Fruit Fly Improving Male Fruit Fly PerformancePerformance

VI. Total Quality ManagementVI. Total Quality Management

Total Total Quality Quality ManagemeManagement in Insect nt in Insect RearingRearing

Leppla’s Insect Rearing Leppla’s Insect Rearing Quality Control ReferencesQuality Control References

•Leppla, N. C. 2008. The basics of quality control Leppla, N. C. 2008. The basics of quality control for insect rearing. for insect rearing. InIn Principles and Principles and

Procedures for Rearing Quality Insects. Procedures for Rearing Quality Insects. Mississippi State University. Mississippi State University.

•Leppla, N. C. 2004. Leppla, N. C. 2004. The Basics of Insect The Basics of Insect Rearing. Rearing. Encyclopedia of Entomology. Encyclopedia of Entomology.

•Leppla, N. C. 2003. Leppla, N. C. 2003. Guidelines for quality Guidelines for quality control control of commercially produced natural of commercially produced natural enemies. enemies. InIn Quality Control and Production Quality Control and Production of Biological of Biological Control Agents, Theory and Control Agents, Theory and Testing Proc. Testing Proc.

•Leppla, N. C. 2002. Leppla, N. C. 2002. Rearing of Insects. Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Insects. Encyclopedia of Insects.

For more information or a copy of For more information or a copy of this presentation please visit:this presentation please visit:

http://ipm.ifas.ufl.eduhttp://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu

Extension Resources, PresentationsExtension Resources, Presentations