the basics of uloom-ul-hadeeth grade 112

8/10/2019 The Basics of Uloom-ul-Hadeeth Grade 112

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The Basics of Uloom-ul-

HadeethDefnition o Hadeeth

A Hadeeth is a report of the sayings or actions

of Prophet Muhammad together with the list ofits chain of naration.

Uloom-ul-Hadeeth, or the science ofHadeeth, is all of the technical knowledge we

learn aout the narration of Hadeeth.


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!hy is this important"As we learned in the pre#ious chapters, Allah has

promised to protect this religion. $rom thispromise, we can e sure that Allah has protected

the hadeeth of His Messenger,%PUBH&.!e cannotpersonally see our prophet to follow his e'ample,ut we ha#e een instructed y Allah to followthe (unnah. The ahadeeth are therefore a key toour understanding and following his (unnah.

Allah Almighty inspired generations of scholarsfrom time of the companions to the present dayto work on preser#ing the ahadeeth.


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These scholars ha#e de#eloped a whole

intricate science to screen and classify thehadeeth. Through hard work and dedicationo#er hundreds of years, they separated theauthentic Hadeeth of the Prophet from thefaked and inaccurate narrations that werefalsely attriuted to the Prophet. These greatscholars produced many great collections ofahadeeth of the Prophet.

)n this chapter, we learn some of the asicterminology of this science and look at somee'amples of how these terms are used inpractice.


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Basic Terminology*. *. Sanad+ This word refers to the chain

of narrators of a particular hadeeth.%i.e. thelist of people who transmitted the narrationfrom the prophet.& The plular of sanad is asaneed.

. Matan + The actual te't of the

hadeeth. The plural of matan is

mutoon.

/. 0aawi + )s one of the narrators in thechain of narration. The word meansnarrator. The plural of raawi is .ruwaah


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1. (aheeh

+ this is the o#erall higher grade for the(anad and the Matan. )t means sound and correct.

The plural of (aheeh is(ihah.

2. Hasan+ this is an o#erall good grade Hadeeth

that is slightly less than (aheeh. The Hasan Hadeethis acceptale to use as e#idence. The plural of HasanisHisaan.

3. 4a5eef

+ This is an o#erall low grade Hadeeth thatmeans there is signi6cant weakness in the chain or inthe te't of the Hadeeth that makes unusale asreligious knowledge. The plural of 4a5eef is 4i5aaf.

7. Mawdoo !

+ This means that proof is a#ailale toshow that the Hadeeth is faricated or untruenarration. The plural of Mawdoo5 is "Mawdoo5aat.


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Hadeeth5s Place in )slam!e learn )slam through two main sources of

knowledge+ 8ur5an and (unnah. !e ha#e tofollow all Ayaat and sound Ahadeeth and

recogni9e them as part of our religion.The Hadeeth is recogni9ed as part of our religion

if it is (aheeh or Hasan. The 4a5eef Hadeeth orthe Mowdoo5 narration cannot e consideredpart of )slam.

(ome scholars howe#er, say that we can use4a5eef Hadeeth in matters of manners and whenit encourages us to lo#e Allah and worship Him.


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The ma:ority of the scholars do not follow thatopinion. The say that the 8ur5an and the

sound Hadeeth, (aheeh and Hasan ha#ethousand of #erses and Ahadeeth thatmoti#ate us to do good deeds. Therefore, wedon5t need to look for such moti#ation among

weak Ahadeeth.$inally, all scholars of )slam agree on no

religious #alue to Mawdoo Hadeeth. AHadeeth of this category is simply a lie and

cannot e attriute to 0asoolullah.


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Al-Hadeeth-us-(aheeh

#

+ The (ondHadeethTo identify a Hadeeth as saheeh, it must past 6#e

tests+

*.The chain of narration must e connected. ;ach

narrator has actually learned the Hadeeh fromthe earlier narrator.

.The narrators must e known for their highethical and religious standards.

/.The narrators must e known for their precisionin regards to their memory and accuracy oftransmission. This is ecause a (aheeh Hadeethis a #eratim report, i.e. a word for word report,of what the Prophet actually said.


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1. The te't of the narration cannot contradictanother te't that has a more reliale chain of

transmission.2. There cannot e any logical prolem with

the hadeeth that would throw dout on itsauthenticity.


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;'ample+)mam Bukhari and )mam Muslim said+

8utayah told us that Messenger of Allah,who is most deser#ing of my good

companionship" He said, your mother. Theman said, then who" He said, yourmother.The man said, Then who" He said,your mother. The man said,then who" Hesaid, your father.


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The section in old is called the sanad. Thesection that follows it is called the matan.

)n this hadeeth, the chain of narration isconnected. Also, all of the narrations in thechain are known among scholars of hadeerthfor eing #ery reliale, trustworthy and pricise.

This chain of narration is also well knownamong scholars of hadeeth and it doesn5tcontradict any other narration. The te't of thehadeeth itself is understandale and it

consistent with the rest of the 8ur5an and(unnah. (o this hadeeth has een categori9edas saheeh, or asolutly sound.


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Al-Hadeeth-l-Hasn

The $ine HadeethThe criteria for grading a hadeeth as hasan are

the same as those used in the grading of asaheeh Hadeeth, with one e'ception.

A Hasan Hadeeth will ha#e one or morenarrators in the chain who ha#e een found toe a little weak in their precision, ut not thedegree that they are considered unreliale.

Because these narrators are not as precise, theywill often con#ey the correct meaning of thehadeeth, ut some or all of it will e in their ownwords rather than #eratim.


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;'ample+)mam Ahmed said ?ahya told me that he heard

from Bahi9 who heard from his father who heardfrom his father that+

He said to the Messenger of Allah, peace eupon him, > Messenger of Allah, who should )e good to" He said, your mother) said, thenwho" He said, your mother )said, then

who" He said, your mother, then your father,then your relati#es in order of closeness to you.

This chain of narration is connected and thereare no prolems with te't.


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All of the in chain are considered relialee'cept Bahi9. (ome scholars considered him

reliale and some felt that he made mistakes.But he is de6nitely truthful, and is used as anarrator of hadeeth y At-Tirmithi, An-@a5saee,)n Ma:ah and Au 4awood.

Howe#er, Bukhari and Muslim, who are knownto ha#e employed the highest standards,chose not to use him. (o the chain ofnarration for this hadeeth is considered

hasan.)t is still usale as e#idence, ut it doesnot meet the highest standards of a (aheehHadeeth.


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1. The narrator is found to e so sinful that hisintegrity can not e trusted.

2. There is a logical prolem with the Hadeeththat clearly indicates a mistake was made.

)t is important to not that a grading ofsingle chain of narration as 4a5eef doesn5tmean the Matan itself is weak. )t doeshappen that a single Hadeeth can ha#emultiple chain of narration. These multiplenarrations ha#e #arying degrees ofweakness ut when considered together the

o#erall chain of narration can e consideredHasan.


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;'ample+ )mam At-Tirmithi said that Muhammad said to him

that !akeea5 said to him that ?a9eed said to him thathe heard )n Muarak who heard from (uhai that theMessenger of Allah, peace e upon him, said+

A person who makes permissile what the 8ur5anhas foridden has not elie#ed in the 8ur55an.

This chain of narration has se#eral prolems+*.)t is roken ecause )n Muarak ne#er met (uhai.

.)n Muarak5s uality as a narrator is unknown.

/.?a9eed is generally considered a weak narrator ofHadeeth.


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Al-Hadeeth-ul-Mawdoo

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%

+ The $aricatedHadeeth A Hadeeth can e Mawdoo5 or faricated, when

one or more of the narrators in the (anad isknown a liar and faricator of Hadeeth. That can

e comined with a clear religious de#iation fromthe 8ur5an or the other (aheeh.

!hen the (cholars, lael a certain Hadeeth asMawdoo, this means that the Prophet na#er said

what is eing reported. )n other word, onenarrator has lied and faricated the Hadeeth.


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)n fact, there was a period in time when theremany spurious Ahadeeth spread around ymischief makers and those with ill moti#ations.

A notorious faricator, Ad-ul-Careem, admittedto faricating thousands of Hadeeth that declaredthe Halal Haram and the Haram Halal.)t wastherefore #ery important that the scholars ofhadeeth sort through the material to make it clearto the Muslimswhich ahadeeth were accurate andwhich were not.Mawdoo, is the lowest le#el possile of a hadeeth

narration. The meaning of the te't might ecorrect, ut the Prophet didn5t say it. (omesoneelse has said it. Therefore, the Hadeeth has no

religious #alue.


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;'ample+ ' ()seek knowledge e#en if you ha#e to

go china. Hadeeth (haree

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Au Hurayrah narrated that 0asoolullah said+hoe#er lies on me delierately should pick hisplace in Hell.

reported y Muslim, Au 4awood,At-Tirmithiand in Ma:ah


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(tudy 8uestions*. !hat is the dierence etween Hadeeth (aheeh and

Hadeeth 4aieef"

. 4e6ne+ (anad, Matan, 0aawi.

/. !hat is the Al-Hdeeth-us-(aheeh" !rite an e'ample.1. !hat is the Al-Hadeeth-ul-Hasan" !rite an e'ample.

2. !hat is the Al-Hadeeth-ud-4aeef" !rite an e'ample.

3. !hat is the Al-Hadeeth-ul-Mawdoo" !rite an e'ample.

7. !hat types of ahadeeth are acceptale as religiousguidance"

the basics of uloom-ul-hadeeth grade 112

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