the biosphere – chapter 3 1.how are nutrients important in living systems. explain how matter...
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The Biosphere – Chapter 31. How are nutrients important in living systems.
Explain how matter moves among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.
2. Explain how energy flows through living systems and how efficient is the transfer of energy among organisms.
3. Explain the different levels of organization ecologists study
Period 1: Period 7
Quiz: Thur Oct 2nd Quiz: Mon Oct 6th Lab: Thur Oct 2nd (Book Pg 81) Lab: Mon Oct 6th (Book Pg 81)Test: Mon Oct 6th Test: Wed Oct 8th
Period 4Quiz: Fri Oct 3rd Lab: Fri Oct 3rd (Book Pg 81)Test: Tues Oct 7th
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What is
Ecology?
• The interactions of organisms with one another and with their physical surroundings
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Biosphere
That part of the Earth in which life
exists
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Levels of organizationSpecies: group of organisms that Breed and produce fertile offspring
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Populations• Key:–Group of individuals that belong to the
same species and live in the same area.
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Community
Organisms living together in an ecosystem
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Physical features•Abiotic factors = physical features
•water sunlight, soil type rocks, temp.•Biotic Factors = living organisms
•shark, fish, coral, tube worms, arthropods
Ecosystem
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Biome• Key:– Group of ecosystems that have the
same climate and similar dominant communities.
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TundraLocations:•Northern North America, Asia and Europe
Characteristics:•Treeless biome•Covered in mosses, lichens and grasses•Animals migrate in summer to feed on
plants•Carnivores follow the food migrating•Permafrost = Permanently frozen subsoil
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Ecological MethodsKeys:
- Observing* Collecting data to make an
educated guess (hypothesis)
- Experimenting* testing changes in natural
ecosystems- Modeling
* models help predict what could happen ecologically over a
long period of time. (Global Warming)
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Energy FlowKeys:
Main source of energy? The Sun
Autotrophs Energy from the environment to
fuel the production of simple into complex organic compounds
Producers? Make their own food
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Energy From the SunKeys: Photosynthesis
Use solar energy to convert CO2 and H2O into O2 and C6H1206
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Life Without
Light
Keys: Chemosynthesis
Use chemical energy to convert CO2 and H2O into chemical compound and C6H1206
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ConsumersKeys: Acquire energy from other organisms Heterotrophs Five types:
Herbivores: Cows / Deer Plant eaters
Carnivores: Snakes / owls Animal eaters
Omnivores: Bears / crows Best of Both worlds
Detritivores: Mites / earthworms Plant and animal remains
Decomposers: Bacteria / fungi Break down organic Matter
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Food Chain
Keys: Transfer of
energy by eating and being eaten
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The Food Web
Keys: Feeding
Relationships among organisms
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Trophic LevelsKeys:
Each step of the food chain or food Web.
Each consumer depends on the trophic level below for energy.
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Ecological PyramidsKeys:
Diagram in your notes the following Ecological Pyramids.
Three Types1. Energy Pyramid2. Biomass Pyramid3. Pyramid of Numbers
Be able to define each pyramid Relate the pyramids to the different
trophic levels.
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Nutrient CyclesKeys: NUTRIENTS
Substances organisms need to sustain life.
Build tissues and carry our life functions
Biogeochemical cycles Passed between organisms and the
environment
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Class Assignment
Keys: Finished by the end of Class. Worth 10 Points in HW category. Each notebook will be check before
you leave.Assignment:
Develop a flow chart that traces the: Carbon Cycle Nitrogen Cycle Water Cycle
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Flow chart Example