The building blocks of life.The building blocks of life.

Cell TheoryCell TheoryCell TheoryCell Theory

All living things are composed of cellsCells are the basic unit of structure and function

of living thingsAll cells are produced from other cells

Cell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell Anatomy

Cell WallCell Wall rigid layer of nonliving

materialProvide protection &

supportFound in plant, some

bacteria, some protists and some, fungi

Cell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell Anatomy

Cell membraneCell membraneThe outer layer of animal

cells, found inside cell walls (if wall is present)

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Cell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell Anatomy

NucleusNucleusDirects the cells activitiesContains DNA found on

chromatin strandsMaterials pass in and out

through the nuclear membrane

Cell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell Anatomy

MitochondriaMitochondriaRod-shapedCreate energy for the cell

from foodWhy is the inside of the

mitochondria folded?

Cell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell Anatomy

ChloroplastChloroplastTurn the Sun’s energy into

food through photosynthesis

They do not make energy, they convert it

Cell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell Anatomy

Endoplasmic Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum (ER) (ER)

Carry proteins and other materials through the cell

Cell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell Anatomy

RibosomeRibosomeFound on ER or in the

cytoplasmProduce protein for the

cell

Cell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell Anatomy

Golgi BodyGolgi BodyFlattened sacsReceive proteins and

other material, package them and ship them out

Cell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell Anatomy

VacuoleVacuoleStore food water and

other materialsSmall in animal cell Large in plants

Store H2OHelp keep the plant upright

Cell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell AnatomyCell Anatomy

LysosomeLysosomeContain enzymes that

function in digestion of food and dead cell parts

Surrounded by a membrane

Animal vs. PlantAnimal vs. PlantAnimal vs. PlantAnimal vs. Plant

1. Plant cells have chloroplasts

2. Plant cells have a cell wall

3. Plant cells have a large central vacuole

4. Animal cells have more lysosomes

Specialized CellsSpecialized CellsSpecialized CellsSpecialized Cells

Red Blood CellRed Blood CellHas no nucleus so that it

can carry more oxygen

Specialized CellsSpecialized CellsSpecialized CellsSpecialized Cells

Muscle CellsMuscle CellsLong, slippery and elastic

so that they can slide past one another upon expansion and contraction

Specialized CellsSpecialized CellsSpecialized CellsSpecialized Cells

Nerve cellsNerve cellsCan be several feet long pass chemical and

electrical signals throughout the body