the camera arts time and the fourth dimension. walker evans, roadside store between tuscaloosa and...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Camera Arts
Time and the Fourth Dimension
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Walker Evans, Roadside Store between Tuscaloosa andGreensboro, Alabama, 1936
“…a process of instant assemblage, instant collage.”- Robert Rauschenberg
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Early History of Photography
• camera is the Latin word for “room”
• in the 16th century the camera obscura – a darkened room – was used by artists to copy nature accurately – eventually small portable “dark boxes” came into use
• the major drawback – images could not be preserved
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Camera Obscura
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The Birth of Photography
Photogenic Drawing and
The Daguerrotype
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Photogenic Drawing
• Invented in 1839 by William Henry Fox Talbot.
• Negative images are fixed on paper using light sensitive chemicals
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William Henry Talbot Fox, Botanical, 1839
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The Daguerrotype
• Invented in 1839 by two inventors – Joseph Nicéphore Niépce and Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre.
• The use of light sensitive chemicals on a polished metal plate produced a permanent positive image.
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Pros and Cons of Daguerrotype
• The medium was an instant success.
• It became the preferred medium for portraiture.
• The availability of portraits were no longer limited to the wealthy.
• The process of preparing, exposing and developing the plate was lengthy and time consuming.
• The sitter had to remain absolutely still during the exposure period (from 1 to 10 minutes) to avoid blurring.
• The image could not be reproduced.
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Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre, Le Boulevard du Temple, 1839
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Richard Beard, Maria Edgeworth, 1841,Daguerrotype.
“From now on, painting is dead!” – Paul Delaroche, painter
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Calotype
• Talbot improved upon the photogenic drawing process by using sensitized paper.
• The exposure time was greatly reduced (from minutes to seconds) and produced a latent image that could be developed by dipping the paper in gallic acid.
• This process is the basis of modern photography
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Wet-Plate Collodion
• Introduced in 1850 and almost universally adopted in 5 years.
• A dark-room technique.
• Liquid collodion (pyroxyline dissolved in alcohol or ether) is poured over a glass plate bathed in a solution of silver nitrate.
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Wet-Plate Collodion
• Exposure time was short – 15 minutes.
• Process cumbersome and TOXIC.
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Julia Margaret Cameron
Self-Portrait I Wait, 1860’s
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Documentary Photography
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Timothy O’Sullivan, Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, Pa., 1863
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Timothy O’Sullivan, Canyon de Chelly, Arizona, 1870
The tension between form and content.
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Alfred Stieglitz, Eveningfrom the Shelton, 1931
The tension between form and content.
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Charles Sheeler, Criss-CrossedConveyors – Ford Plant, 1927
The tension between form and content.
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Paula Martino, Steel Spiral-Alcratraz Penitentiary, 2005
The tension between form and content.
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John Paul Filo, Kent State-Girl Screaming over Dead Body,May 4, 1970
Filo won the Pulitzer Prize in 1971 for this photograph.
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Ron Haeberle, Peter Brandt, and the Art Workers’ Coalition,Q. And Babies? A. And Babies., 1970
Word and Image
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Conflicts between the real and the ideal.
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Color Photography
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Joel Meyerwitz on the use of color photography
“Color makes everything more interesting. Color suggests more things to look at, new subjects for me. Color suggests that light itself is a subject.
…..There’s more content! The form for the content is more complex, more interesting to work with.”
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Joel Meyerowitz, Porch, Provincetown, 1977
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Digital Photography
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Andreas Gursky, 99 Cent, 1999
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From Still Pictures to Film
The Birth of Movies
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D.W. Griffith, Innovator and Master of Film Editing
• Griffith sought to create visual variety using an alternating repertoire of shots.
• He innovated the full shot, medium shot, close up and extreme close up, the long shot, the pan, and the traveling shot.
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The Birth of A Nation
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The Wizard of Oz, 1939
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“The Sorcerer’s Apprentice,” in Fantasia, 1940
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Video Art
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Nam Paik June, TV Buddha, 1974-1982
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Bill Viola, Stations, 1994
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Computer and Internet-Based Art Media
….the immaterial is blending seamlessly with the material. –
William J. Mitchell, MIT
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John F. Simon, Unfolding Object, 2002
Mark Napier, net.flag, 2002
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Photography -
A process of instant assemblage, instant collage.