the categories of speech functions used by the main

THE CATEGORIES OF SPEECH FUNCTIONS USED

BY THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN THE MOANA MOVIE

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree

in English Language Education

By

Gavrilla Albertina Tarigan

Student Number: 141214162

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUANGE AND ARTS EDUCATION

FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA

2018

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

THE CATEGORIES OF SPEECH FUNCTIONS USED

BY THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN THE MOANA MOVIE

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree

in English Language Education

By


Student Number: 141214162

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUANGE AND ARTS EDUCATION

FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA

2018


vi

ABSTRACT

Tarigan, Gavrilla Albertina. (2018). The categories of speech functions used by

the main characters in Moana movie. Yogyakarta: English Language Education,

Sanata Dharma University.

In using language, the differences of choosing the words cannot be

deflected. There are some factors that can influence how people use a language.

They are gender, social status and educational background. Besides, language also

has different purposes in the society. One word can reflect some messages.

Therefore, it is important to learn about speech functions so people will not be

wrong in interpreting the meaning of some utterances. Moana movie was chosen

because it consists of various utterances used by the main characters. From the

movie, the utterances of the main characters, Maui and Moana, were chosen to be

analyzed.

This study aimed at identifying the speech function categories used by the

main characters. There are two research questions, namely, 1) what categories of

speech functions are used by the main characters in Moana movie? and 2) what

are the differences in the categories used by Maui and Moana?

To answer the research questions, document analysis was chosen as the

main research instrument. In order to collect the data, this research used the script

and the movie of Moana. Then, open coding and categorizing were done to

analyze the data. All of the utterances were analyzed and categorized based on

Halliday’s speech functions theory.

Based on the research results, there are five categories of speech functions

used by Moana. They were regulatory, representational, interactional, personal

and heuristic functions. Besides, Maui used six speech function categories. They

are personal, representational, regulatory, interactional, heuristic and imaginative

functions. Moana was more dominant in using regulatory and heuristic functions.

Meanwhile, Maui was dominant in using representational, interactional, personal

and imaginative functions.

Keywords: speech function categories, differences, Moana and Maui, Moana,

movie.


vii

ABSTRAK

Tarigan, Gavrilla Albertina. (2018). The categories of speech functions used by

the main characters in Moana movie. Yogyakarta: English Language Education,

Sanata Dharma University.

Dalam penggunaan bahasa, beberapa perbedaan tidak dapat dielakkan.

Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi bagaimana orang-orang

menggunakan sebuah bahasa. Faktor-faktor tersebut adalah jenis kelamin, status

sosial dan latar belakang pendidikan. Selain itu, bahasa juga memiliki maksud

yang berbeda didalam masyarakat. Satu kata dapat merefleksikan beberapa

makna. Maka dari itu, sangatlah penting untuk mempelajari fungsi bahasa agar

orang-orang tidak salah menginterpretasikan maksud dari beberapa ujaran. Film

Moana dipilih karena memiliki berbagai macam penggunaan bahasa yang

digunakan oleh karakter-karakter utama. Dari film tersebut, ujaran-ujaran dari

karakter-karakter utama, Maui dan Moana, dipilih untuk dianalisis.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kategori-kategori fungsi

bahasa yang digunakan oleh karakter-karakter utama. Terdapat dua rumusan

masalah, yaitu, 1) kategori fungsi bahasa apa saja yang digunakan oleh karakter-

karakter utama? dan 2) apa perbedaan kategori yang digunakan oleh Maui dan

Moana?

Untuk menjawab rumusan masalah, analisis dokumen digunakan sebagai

instrumen penelitian. Dalam pengumpulan data, penelitian ini menggunakan

naskah dan film Moana. Kemudian pemberian kode dan penggolongan dilakukan

untuk menganalisis data. Semua ujaran-ujuran dianalisis dan dikategorikan

berdasarkan teori fungsi bahasa dari Halliday.

Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian, terdapat lima kategori fungsi bahasa

yang digunakan oleh Moana. Kategori-kategori tersebut adalah regulatory,

representational, interactional, personal dan heuristic. Sedangkan Maui

menggunakan enam kategori fungsi bahasa. Kategori-kategori tersebut adalah

personal, representational, regulatory, interactional, heuristic dan imaginative.

Sementara itu, Moana lebih mendominasi pada penggunaan fungsi heuristic dan

imaginative. Sedangkan Maui lebih dominan pada penggunaan fungsi

representational, interactional, personal dan imaginative.

Keywords: speech function categories, differences, Moana and Maui, Moana,

movie.


viii

“Positive mind creates a beautiful life.”

I dedicate this thesis for my family, especially my mom and dad, and also movie

lovers who learn English through watching movie.


ix

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First, I would like to express my greatest gratitude to Jesus Christ. I

Thank Him for giving me the greatest chance to feel how college life is. Also, I

want to deliver my gratitude for His blessings so I could finish writing this thesis.

Then, I also would like to express my gratitude to my lovely family. I thank my

mom and dad, Sofiani Situmorang and Masa Tarigan, also my younger brother

and sister, Gery Arga Tarigan and Gilberta Agnesya Tarigan, for supporting

me in every situation. I also thank my sisters, Nita and Iren, who always support

me in finishing this thesis. Then, for my beautiful niece, Umbul, I am grateful she

is around. They are my biggest reason to finish this thesis.

I would also like to express my gratitude for my thesis advisor, Monica

Ella Harendita, M.Ed., because without her I could not finish this thesis. Her

kindness, knowledge and patience helped me. I also thank my academic advisor,

Concilianus Laos Mbato, M.A., Ed.D., for always guiding me during these eight

semesters. He does not only teach me about some English courses but also about

real life and his experiences. I also thank all of the ELESP lecturers for teaching

and guiding me in the past eight semesters.

I am also very grateful for having a lovely person, Galang Aji Prakosa. I

thank him for always being there for me when I need him especially to finish this

thesis. I thank God for giving me the biggest supporters, Nauka Anastasia, Intan

Septi Wahyuni, Annisa Dwi Mantovani and Fina Chintia Dewi. I know they all


x

will always be there for me and the distance means nothing because them all mean

everything to me.

Lastly, I would like to thank my ELESP class F batch 2014 especially E.

R. P. Lovilla Saputri, Fikriya Choiruna Buditama, Monica Erlia Novitasari

and Andreas Tri Hartana. I am very grateful to have them all in these 4 years.

They are all the best friends I have ever had. I thank them for colouring my life

and giving me so many experiences through my ups and downs. Also, I want to

thank my friends in the Thesis Writing class, Ros, Emmy, Titis, Dara, Nina,

Nanda, Vivi, Amara, Erni, Maria, Devita. I thank them for sharing everything

so we can be better together. See you on top, friends.



xi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ............................................................................................................ i

APPROVAL PAGES ............................................................................................... ii

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ........................................................ iv

PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI .......................................................... v

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. vi

ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................ vii

DEDICATION PAGE ............................................................................................. viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................... ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................. xiii

LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................. xiv

LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. xv

LIST OF APPENDICES ......................................................................................... xvi

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 1

A. Research Background.................................................................................... 1

B. Research Questions ....................................................................................... 3

C. Significance of the Study .............................................................................. 3

D. Definition of Terms ....................................................................................... 5

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .................................. 7

A. Theoretical Description ................................................................................. 7

1. Speech Function ...................................................................................... 7

a. Instrumental Function ....................................................................... 8

b. Regulatory Function .......................................................................... 8

c. Representational Function ................................................................. 9

d. Interactional Function ...................................................................... 10

e. Personal Function ............................................................................. 10

f. Heuristic Function ............................................................................ 11


xii

g. Imaginative Function ....................................................................... 11

h. Metalinguistic Function ................................................................... 12

B. Theoretical Framework ................................................................................ 15

CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY ..................................................................... 16

A. Research Method .......................................................................................... 16

B. Object of the Study....................................................................................... 18

C. Type and Source of Data .............................................................................. 18

1. Script ...................................................................................................... 18

D. Data Analysis Technique ............................................................................. 19

CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .......................... 22

A. Speech Function Categories Used by Moana............................................... 22

B. Speech Function Categories Used by Maui ................................................. 38

C. The Difference Categories Used by Man and Woman ................................ 51

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................... 57

A. Conclusions .................................................................................................. 57

B. Recommendations ........................................................................................ 58

C. Implications .................................................................................................. 59

REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 60

APPENDICES ......................................................................................................... 62


xiii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

# : Number

Ins : Instrumental

Dec : Declarative

Imp : Imperative

Inter : Interrogative

Rep : Representational

Int : Interactional

Per : Personal

Heu : Heuristic

Im : Imaginative.

Met : Metalinguistic


xiv

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1 Speech Function Categories Used by Moana .......................................... 20

Table 3.2 Speech Function Categories Used by Maui..............................................20


xv

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 4.1 Total of Speech Function Categories Found in Moana’s Utterance ...... 23

Figure 4.2 Total of Speech Function Categories Found in Maui’s Utterances ....... 38

Figure 4.3 Percentage of Speech Function Categories Used by Maui and Moana . 52


xvi

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1. Table Analysis of Speech Function Found in Moana’s and Maui’s

Utterances .......................................................................................... 63

Appendix 2. Script of Moana Movie ...................................................................... 98

Appendix 3. First Table of Speech Function Categories Used

by Moana and Maui ......................................................................... 131

Appendix 4. Table of Speech Function Categories Used by Moana and Maui

Checked by Experts ......................................................................... 161


1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter is divided into four parts. The first part is the research

background. The second part is the research questions. The third part is the

significance of the study and the last part is the definition of terms.

A. Research Background

People tend to use various language to communicate with other people.

Therefore, the differences and misunderstanding in communication cannot be

deflected. In society, the differences of language used are directly found while

talking to someone. Some of the differences are gender, social status, educational

level and age difference. According to Wardhaugh (1992):

The age-grading phenomenon, whereby young children speak differently

from older children and in turn, children speak differently from mature and

adults; studies which show that the varieties of language that speakers use

reflect such matters as their regional, social, or ethnic origin and possibly

even their sex; and other studies which show that particular ways of

speaking, choices of words, and even rules for conversing are determined

by certain social requirements.

Those factors can create misunderstanding between speaker and hearer in the

communication itself.

Besides having some general differences, language also has different

purposes in society namely speech functions. According to Halliday (1973, pp.

202-203), speech functions are instrumental, regulatory, representational,

interactional, personal, heuristic and imaginative (as cited in Brown, 1987). Those


2

functions are used to express needs, control someone’s actions, present

information, show solidarity, state the identities, explore the curiosity and explain

the imagination. Besides, according to Holmes (1992), there are six functions of

speech which are expressive, directive, referential, metalinguistic, poetic and

phatic (p. 286). Those functions show the feeling, information, direction,

comment, aesthetic features and solidarity.

The researcher combines the theory by Halliday and Holmes. Regulatory

is the same with directive function. Interactional is the same with phatic function.

Representational is the same with referential function. Expressive is included as

Personal function. Poetic is included as Imaginative function. Therefore, there are

eight speech function categories in this thesis. They are instrumental, regulatory,

interactional, representational, personal, heuristic, imaginative and metalinguistic.

Halliday’s speech function theory is chosen because Halliday writes this theory

while observing his child and it is suitable with the research subject. The theory is

also called as seven functions of a child’s language. It also combines with Holmes

theory because speech function theory by Holmes is the newest.

Speech functions are not only found in real life but also in the media such

as books and recordings. Moreover, in this modern era, there are some forms that

can be analyzed such as electronic and social media. The examples of electronic

and social media are television, computer, internet, instagram, facebook, youtube

and so on. One of the advantages live in this modern era is the information or

needs, can be easily obtained. For example, videos or movies which can be

obtained from You-tube and the like.


3

Movies are made in some genres. The popular genres are action, sci-fi,

horror, comedy, animation and romance. One of the best animation movies is

Moana. Moana movie tells about Moana and her family who live near the beach.

Maui is a demigod who is a brave voyager but because of one accident, he stops

the cruise and lives in an island. Then, they make promise to complete the mission

that has not finished yet before. In Moana, most of the dialogues are uttered by

Maui and Moana. Moana provides many utterances use especially in speech

functions context.

The utterances in Moana consist of many different functions. However,

this research is going to analyze Maui’s and Moana’s utternaces. The way Maui

and Moana use their language are also different. Those languages may have some

different functions. To analyze the speech function categories, Halliday’s speech

functions theory is used. The results and some related studies are used to compare

what categories used by Moana and Maui.

. Therefore, it is important to understand and learn the purpose of language

because it can help people in communicating one another and avoid

misunderstanding. In communication, there is also a transfer of information. One

word or utterance can deliver different information. The understanding of speech

function will help people to get the correct information and deliver the right

message. Moreover, the research about speech function is still low.

B. Research Questions

In this research, there are two questions that will be answered. They are:


4

1. What categories of speech functions are used by the main characters in the

Moana movie?

2. What are the differences in the categories used by Maui and Moana?

C. Significance of the Study

This research is expected to contribute significantly to these parties.

1. Readers in General

This research is expected to help the readers understand about

sociolinguistics especially speech function. By reading this research, the readers

see the findings of speech function used. Through the findings, hopefully, the

readers understand the speech function’s theory.

2. Next Researchers

This research is expected to facilitate the next researchers that will analyze

the same context with this research. When the next researchers want to analyze

the same context, the next researchers can use this research as a reference

especially the discussion part. The next researchers also can compare their results

with the results of this research because there is one part which explains about it

in the discussion. The next researchers also can take a look at the conclusion part

and directly find the final results of this research.


5

3. Teachers or Lecturers

This research is expected to help the teachers or lecturers to teach the

students about sociolinguistics especially speech functions when they discuss it.

This research is expected to give other examples from the research results so the

teachers or lecturers can use it in the learning activity. The teachers or lecturers

can take a look at the examples from the discussion part which have been

explained. To get more examples about speech function categories, the teachers or

lecturers also can see the table of Appendix 1.

4. English Learners

This research is expected to help English learners when they learn about

sociolinguistics. In learning this research, the learners are expected to get the main

point and make them easier to learn sociolinguistics especially speech functions.

D. Definition of Terms

In this part, there are several things which are explained to avoid

misunderstanding. There are some forms such as speech function, character,

movie and Moana.

1. Speech Function

Speech function is used to understand the language itself and what the

language is for then what the functions of language in our society are. The

functions of language are used to deliver various ways which have the same

message (Holmes & Wilson, 2017). There are some functions of language


6

according to Halliday (as cited in Brown, 1987) such as instrumental, personal,

interactional, regulatory, representational, heuristic and imaginative.

2. Characters

Character is a crucial part. Character is a person that appears in movies,

books or novels. There are female or male characters; child, young or old

characters. Kamisa (1997) reveals that, “The character is a psychiatric traits,

morals or character that distinguishes one person from another character” (p. 281).

A character means having a personality and represents someone which is in the

script or story. A character influences the success level in a movie. When a

character acts totally in a frame, probably that movie is categorized as success.

There are also some kind of characters such as protagonist and antagonist.

3. Moana

Moana is a movie that tells about a brave girl, Moana, who voyages to

restore the heart of Te Fiti which is stolen by Maui. It makes Te Fiti, the goddess

of the creator of all island and life, becomes angry. She makes Moana’s island

gets some problems. This movie was directed and written by Ron Clements and

John Musker. It was produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios, Walt Disney

Pictures. It was released on November 23rd, 2016. The voice talents were Auli'i

Cravalho as Moana and Dwayne Johnson as Maui.


7

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

There are two parts in this chapter. They are theoretical description and

theoretical framework. In the first part, the theories which are used in this research

are described namely speech functions. Then this topic is summarized in the

theoretical framework.

A. Theoretical Description

There is one topic discussed in this part. Speech functions theory by

Halliday and Holmes are combined to analyze the categories used by the main

characters in Moana movie.

1. Speech Function

The functions of language are one of the important parts in

communication. Those functions show some different meanings and purposes.

One category has the different purposes with other categories. Speech functions

reflect the realization of language forms (Brown, 1987). Therefore, these

functions are important to know because they affect its forms because one word or

sentence may deliver different purposes.

According to Halliday (1973), there are some functions of speech such as

in the following (as cited in Brown, 1987):


8

a. Instrumental function

This function aims to elicit certain event to happen but it just focuses on

expressing the needs. Moreover, in the other book, Language as Social Semiotic,

Halliday (1978) states instrumental function aims to satisfy someone’s needs (p.

19). For example, “I want orange juice” or “I need a bowl”. The word “Want” in

the first example shows that someone asks another person to give him the orange

juice. While, the words “Orange juice” show someone’s needs. In the second

example, the word “Need” means that he asks another person to take a bowl for

him. While, the words “A bowl” refer to someone’s need.

b. Regulatory function

Regulatory function is used to control the event. However some controls

are difficult to differentiate from instrumental function because regulatory

function of language cannot be separated from certain control power. This

function is not only used to control the event but also someone’s action. As stated

in Halliday’s speech functions theory (1978), regulatory function is used to

control others’ behaviors (p. 19). For example, “Don’t talk to grandma like that”,

“Give it to me” or “Go away”. The words “Don’t talk” show that someone

controls someone’s action that he should not talk like that. The word “Give”

shows that someone commands another person. The word “Go” shows the

imperative utterance which means controlling someone’s action.

Similar to directive function from Holmes and Wilson (2017), directive

function aims to control someone to do something (p.294). This directive function

is in the form of imperatives, declaratives or interrogatives. Imperatives are


9

expressed by orders or commands. Then, declaratives and interrogatives are

expressed more polite than imperatives. Declaratives show the persuasive

utterances and usually end with a full stop. For examples, “I would like you to sit

down.”, “You could go there with me.” or “I want you to sit down”. The words

“Would”, “Could” and “Want” show the politeness. The words “Like”, “Go” and

“To sit” show that someone gets people to do something. Then, imperative forms

express commands and usually end with the exclamation marks. For examples,

“Sit down!”, “Clear the table!”, or “Open the door!”. Those examples show the

commands, use exclamation marks and get people to do things. Interrogative

forms are used to ask someone to do things but in a polite way and usually end

with the question marks. For examples, “Won’t you sit down?”, “Could you

stand up?” or “Would you give it to me?”. The words “Won’t”, “Could” and

“Would” in the beginning of the sentences show the interrogative forms.

c. Representational function

Representational stands from the word “representation” which means

stating the truth of something. This function is used to make statements,

explanations, reports or representations of the reality (Halliday, 1973 as cited in

Brown, 1987). Furthermore, referential function by Holmes and Wilson (2017) is

used to provide information (p. 294). For examples, “The President gave a

speech last night”, “The sun is hot” or “The world is flat”. The first example

shows that it really happens because of the words “Gave” and “Last night”. The

example consists of the information and statement about the President. The

second and third examples represent the reality about the sun and the world. Then,


10

this function is also used to present the facts and information to someone. As

written in Halliday’s book (1978), the informative function is used to convey new

information (p. 20).

d. Interactional function

Interactional function is used to maintain the social relationship with other

people. For further, interactional function is used to get closer and maintain the

emotional ties with other people (Halliday, 1976, pp. 19-20). The social ties can

be seen from the solidarity. If the social ties get closer, the solidarity will be

higher. Meanwhile, according to Holmes and Wilson (2017), phatic function is

used to express information about social relationship (p. 24). For examples, “Hi,

how are you?”, “Good morning, Linda”, “That’s great”, “Yes, it’s beautiful”,

or “Thank you”. The first and second examples show the greeting utterances. The

greeting utterances show the solidarity between speaker and hearer. The third and

fourth examples show the good answers for the hearer.

e. Personal function

This personal function allows a speaker to express feelings, emotions and

personalities. Holmes and Wilson (2017) state that expressive function is used to

express feelings (p. 294). For examples, “I am feeling good today” or “I feel in

love with you”. The words “feeling good” show that the speaker is fine on that

day. The words “feel in love” show the speaker feeling that he falls in love.

Someone’s personality is usually characterized by his or her personal language

function and communication. Furthermore, in this aspect of personal language,

there are so many things that can be explored such as cognition, affect and culture


11

(Halliday, 1973 as cited in Brown, 1987). Personal identity is aimed to state

personalities and characteristics. For examples, “I am moody”, “I come from

Indonesia” or “I am a good person”. The word “Moody” shows someone’s

personality. The words “From Indonesia” show someone’s identity. Then, the

words “A good person” show someone’s characteristic. As written by Edward

(2009), personal identity is all the characteristics, traits and dispositions and it

creates the uniqueness of someone (p. 19).

f. Heuristic function

Heuristic function of language involves language to enrich the

environmental knowledge. Typically, this functions are often used the in the form

of questions that will show the answer. Not only to explore the curiosity but also

to learn the world around. Furthermore, Halliday (1978) states that heuristic

function is a kind of “Tell me why” function. It is used to explore and learn more

about the world around (pp. 19-21). For examples, “What is the dog doing?”,

“Why are you acting like that?” or “Where does the rain come from?”. The

words “What is”, “Why are” and “Where does” show that someone explores the

surrounding. He explores the world itself and also someone’s action.

g. Imaginative function

Imaginative function explains to use the imaginary senses or ideas of the

language. Jokes, novels, fairy tales can be included as imaginative function

because they show the beauty of language itself to create impossible dreams. This

function shows the freedom of using language to create the imaginative language.

Moreover, according to Holmes and Wilson (2017) in their poetic function, they


12

claim that imaginative function focuses on the aesthetic features. This function is

used to create imaginary environments. The imaginative function, Halliday (1978)

states that function is used as “Let’s pretend” function and also to create world of

one’s own. For example, “One day, there live a beautiful princess...”. The

example shows that someone creates the imaginary language from the words

“One day”. It means someone imagines something which has not happened yet.

h. Metalinguistic function

Metalinguistic function is used to describe or explain the language itself.

Holmes and Wilson (2017) state that metalinguistic function is used to comment

on language itself. For example, “’Hegemony’ is not a common word”.

Hegemony is the language which means the influence of leadership , domination ,

power , and so on a country over other countries (or state). Then, the words “not a

common word” are the comment for hegemony because it is not usually used in

the society.

Beside the main theory, this research also provides some of related studies

from other researchers who did the similar research in speech function. Arista

(2014) also did the same research. She analyzed the speech function from the

dialogue of Sherlock Holmes II: A Game of Shadow who acts as a detective. She

gathered the data by using Holmes’ speech function theory. This research used

qualitative and descriptive research methods to analyze the data. To collect the

data, she identified the utterances, categorized the language, counted the dominant

and explained the dominant types. The findings of this research showed that the

speech function found in the dialogue here expressive, directive, referential,


13

metalinguistic, phatic and poetic. The most dominant functions were

metalinguistic and referential.

Catur (2014) did the same research. However, he used the different form

in gathering the data. He analyzed the utterances used by the characters of Hitch

movie. Halliday’s speech functions theory was used in analyzing the data. To

gather the data, he used qualitative and descriptive research methods. He also used

the purposive sampling where was only 10 percent data reported from all the data

found. To collect the data, he studied the script which was downloaded from

internet. The results of this research showed speech functions found in the

utterances such as offer, command, statement and question. He also analyzed the

responses of four basic speech functions. Those are supporting and confronting.

Mustain (2011) observed speech functions and politeness in Indonesian

communication. In the research, she used Holmes’ speech functions theory. He

studied the utterances of Indonesian communication to collect the data. However,

he did not specify the object of the research. The results of this research showed

that the speech functions found in the Indonesian communication here expressive,

directive, referential, metalinguistic, phatic and poetic. Whereas, in reporting the

data, the researcher did not use coding, he just used the simple one by writing the

sentences.

On the other side, there are some researchers who did the similar research

about speech act. Utami (2017) conducted the speech acts research. This research

analyzed the utterances of Jimmy Hopkins in a game of Bully: Scholarship


14

Edition. The game was used as the object of this study. She used speech act theory

by Searle (1976). She used qualitative research method and discourse analysis to

analyze the data. The audiovisual observation was used as observation technique.

In gathering the data, she used observation table to classify Jimmy Hopkins’

utterances. She also used purposive sampling to gather the data. In analyzing the

data, she used coding and labeling. The findings of this research showed that the

speech act found in this research such as representatives, directives, commissives,

expressives and declarations.

Nemani (2013) did the same research as Utami’s (2017). He used Searle’s

theory to classify the speech act. He used A Separation movie as the object of this

research. He analyzed the utterances of the main characters. This research used

quantitative and qualitative research to analyze the data. The data was categorized

into speech act categories. He also used excel as a computer statistical data base in

analyzing the data. The results of this research showed that the speech acts found

were representatives, directives, commisives, expressives and declarations. The

highest percentage of speech act was directive which consisted of 46 percent.

Kohandi, Farzaneh and Kazemi (2014) did the same research in the scope

of speech functions and speech acts. They used speech functions theory by

Halliday (1975) and speech acts by Searle (1976). They analyzed speech acts and

language functions in Top Notch Series. They used qualitative as data analysis

procedure. They presented the results in the form of table with frequency and

percentages. The results of speech functions were instrumental, regulatory,


15

representational, interactional, personal and heuristic. Besides, the results of

speech act were representative, commissive, directive and expressive.

B. Theoretical Framework

This research describes the theories which have been summarized to

answer the research questions. There are two research questions of this research

which are related to speech functions. The first research question focuses on the

speech functions used by the main characters. Then, the second research question

focuses on the different categories which are commonly used by each character,

Moana and Maui. Those research questions will be analyzed by using Halliday’s

speech functions theory (1973) to categorize the data.

In answering those research questions, the researcher uses Halliday’s

speech functions theory (1973) and Holmes’s and Wilson’s (2017) speech

function theory. There are ten speech functions categories. They are instrumental,

regulatory which consists of three parts imperative, interrogative and declarative,

interactional, representational, personal, heuristic, imaginative and metalinguistic

functions. Instrumental is used to satisfy the needs. Imperative is used to

command people. Interrogative is used to ask people to do things in a polite way.

Declarative is used to suggest people to do things. Representational is used to

provide facts and information. Interactional is used to interact with other people.

Personal is used to convey the existence of “I”. Heuristic is used to learn and

satisfy the curiosity about the world around. Imaginative is used to create

imaginary environment. Metalinguistic is used to describe the language itself.


16

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter provides the methodology used by the researcher in analyzing

this research. This chapter consists of four sections. The first part is research

method which explains the method used in this research. The second part is object

of the study which describes the object in this research. The third part is the type

and source of data and the last part is data analysis technique.

A. Research Method

This research used qualitative research because this is a sociolinguistics

research. According to Wardhaugh (1992), “Sociolinguistic studies are non-

statistical nature and have no element doubt attached to them. This is because

much of language use is categorical rather than statistical.” When doing the

linguistic research, it is important to relate the data with the theory. Also, the

evidence is very important in this qualitative study for convincing the reader about

the research.

Qualitative research is one of the methods in doing research which

explains the quality itself not the quantity. Also, in the qualitative research, the

researcher reads some sources to relate the theory with the analysis. Holliday

(2002) states qualitative research is a method which provides the opportunities for

exploring social variables and looks deep into the quality of social life (p. 6). A


17

research also has some written sources to be liberated to tell the reader about the

research.

Qualitative research is like doing investigation on the real life. In this

research, the context is doing investigation in the language itself. Doing

investigation means find the result by learning the language cases in the movie.

According to Holliday (2000), “It is the responsibility of qualitative research to

find ways to investigate these realities in whatever form they present themselves”

(p. 24).

In order to answer the research question, the researcher used document or

content analysis because this research depended on the content of the movie and

the theory. Ary, Jacobs, Razavieh, and Sorensen (2010) claim that it focuses on

the recorded materials of human behavior such as tapes, films, public records,

textbooks, letters, diaries or other documents (pp. 29-30). Moreover, Wood and

Kroger state that, “Content analysis involves a much more mechanical process of

categorization, neglects the possibility of multiple categorization, and aims to

quantify the relationship between coding categories” (p. 33).

Content analysis begins with a question and researcher believes that it can

be answered by analyzing the document. Sometimes document analysis is used to

determine the frequency of using the language. Usually content analysis uses

computer to analyze the data quickly and accurately. There are some advantages

of content analysis. First, the presence of the researcher cannot influence or

change the data. Next, the researcher does not need to ask for permission in


18

conducting the research. Last, content analysis is easy to be replicated (Ary, et al.,

2010).

B. Object of the Study

There are some subjects that can be researched. In this modern era,

technology becomes one of the most influential things. According to Ary, et al.

(2010), technology can also be used as a data resource for a research. By using

technology, it can find some subjects for a qualitative research such as movie,

recording, audio and others (p. 494). The subject of the research was a movie.

This research used an animation movie, it is Moana. This movie was published on

November 23rd, 2016. This movie was aimed for any ages because this movie tells

about adventure and there is no scene for adults. This movie was chosen because

all scenes were appropriate for any ages and also it was the new movie not the old

one. There are two main characters in Moana, namely Moana and Maui. Those

characters were analyzed whether they use the functions of speech or not.

C. Type and Source of Data

In analyzing the research, the researcher used content analysis. This

research used the only source of data which is script.

1. Script

The instrument is document. Document can be everything which is

recorded such as letter, movie, recording and others. In order to collect the data,

the researcher watched and analyzed the script of Moana movie. According to


19

Ary, et al. (2010), the researcher believes can answer the research question by

analyzing the document (p. 30). Through watching the movie or analyzing the

script which is one of the instruments, it was expected to answer the research

questions. Besides watching the movie, the researcher analyzed the script and

underlined the meaningful words for this research. The script of Moana was

downloaded from a website, namely, Fandom which was retrieved on March 5th,

2018 from http://moana.wikia.com/wiki/Moana/Transcript.

D. Data Analysis Technique

Then, to gather the data, this research used open coding. According to Ary, et

al. (2010), open coding deals with labeling and categorizing the data (p. 465).

Moreover, Wood and Kroger (2000) claim that, “Depending on the categories that

are used, the coding may involve varying degrees of interpretation” (p. 32).

The researcher watched the movie without doing anything. Then, the

researcher watched movie while taking notes and underlined the important words.

After that, the researcher made codes and table for categorizing the speech

functions used by Moana and Maui in Moana movie. From the table, the

researcher was easier to explain and answer the research questions. There would

be clear explanation about the findings on the tables. The use of the tables makes

it easier for the reader or the researcher to understand the results of this research.

Tesch (1990), states that codes are easier to use as abbreviations to label the

sentences or utterances (p. 121). After categorizing the utterances, the researcher

made the first table in Appendix 3. After that, the researcher asked some experts


20

to check the results which provided in the Appendix 4. Then, the final results are

provided in the Appendix 1.

Table 3.1 Speech Function Categories Used by Moana

M

O

A

N

A

#. Sentence

Speech Function

Ins Reg Rep Int Per Heu Im Met

Dec Imper Inter

Table 3.2 Speech Function Categories Used by Maui

M

A

U

I

#. Sentence

Speech Function

Ins Reg Rep Int Per Heu Im Met

Dec Imp Inter

Notes:

Abbreviations:

# : Number

Ins : Instrumental

Reg : Regulatory

Dec : Declarative

Imp : Imperative

Inter : Interrogative


21

Rep : Representational

Int : Interactional

Per : Personal

Heu : Heuristic

Im : Imaginative

Met : Metalinguistic


22

CHAPTER IV

RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this chapter, the research results are presented to discuss speech

function categories used by Moana and Maui in Moana movie. This chapter is

divided into three parts. The first part explains the speech function categories used

by Moana. The second part explains about the speech function categories used by

Maui. The third part shows the different categories used by those characters.

A. Speech Function Categories Used by Moana

In this part, some results are discussed to show the major speech function

categories used by Moana. The data are showed in the figure 4.1 page 22 and the

table of data analysis is in Appendix 1.

As seen in figure 4.1 page 22, there are seven categories of speech

function used by Moana. They are declarative, imperative, interrogative,

representational, interactional, personal and heuristic functions. Besides,

according to Halliday (1978, p. 19) and Holmes and Wilson (2017), there are ten

speech function categories like instrumental, declarative, imperative,

interrogative, representational, interactional, personal, heuristic and imaginative

and metalinguistic. There was no instrumental, imaginative and metalinguistic

functions found in Moana’s utterances. The results are similar to the research

which was done by Kohandi, Farzaneh and Kazemi (2014), they also found

instrumental function as the last function used in Top Notch Series and did not


23

found any imaginative functions. Different with the research which was done by

Arista (2014), she found that metalinguistic function as the first function used in

Sherlock Holmes II.

Figure 4.1 Total of Speech Function Categories Found in Moana’s Utterances

1. Declarative

As seen in figure 4.1, from 177 utterances, declarative was analyzed in 55

utterances. It makes declarative function becomes the first speech function used

by Moana. Declarative function is used to control someone’s behavior in a polite

way. It usually ends with full stop. For examples:

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Moana


24

a. “Fun, I want us to go back.”

The words “I want us” refer to the declarative function because they

control someone’s action. Those words are used to command someone. It is

shown by the word “Want” and it also ends with full stop. This is included as

declarative function because of the word “Want” which means a wish (Oxford, p.

1716) shows her desire for a particular thing of action. In this case, Moana hopes

her father puts her down and let her play on the ocean because she really loves the

ocean. It has been like her true friend. However, her father carries Moana to go

home because her father does not like Moana plays on the ocean.

b. “We can voyage again.”

The words “Can voyage” refer to the declarative function because those

words are used to convey someone to do particular action while Moana gives an

idea about what they have to do. This is included as a declarative function because

of the word “Can” which means the possibility of something to happen (Oxford,

p. 215). That word also shows that the villagers and Moana have the opportunity

to voyage again because Moana just finds some boats and canoes in an old cave.

She does not believe that her villagers was the voyagers. She also wants to save

her island because they lack of food supplies.

c. “We have to find Maui.”

The words “Have to find” refer to the declarative function because those

words are used to give a command to her father that they should find Maui to

restore the heart. This is included as a declarative function because of the words


25

“Have to” which is used to show an advice (Oxford, p. 715). It means that it can

be done by her father or not because it is just an advice from Moana to help her

people. Those words also show that Moana and her father have to do it because if

they do not do it, there will be an impact. The impact goes to their village because

their village will lack of food supplies if they do not find Maui and restora the

heart of Te Fiti.

2. Imperative

Imperative function is used to control others’ behaviours by using

directive sentences. Imperative expresses the form of commands rather that

statements or requests by using pressure and confident way. As seen in Figure 1

page 22, imperative function which is used by Moana found in 20 utterances. It

makes imperative function becomes the fourth function used by Moana. For

examples:

a. “Heihei. Heihei. Stay!”

The word “Stay” shows that she controls Heihei’s action and she does not

need any answers but action to follow the instruction. The verb is shown the

imperative function and ends with exclamation mark. This is included as

imperative function because of the word “Stay” which means being in a particular

place for a period of time without moving away (Oxford, p. 1500). The word

“Stay” shows command that Heihei should not move from his place. Moana asks

the chicken called Heihei to stay in the boat because the chicken is so scared.


26

Heihei realizes that he is in the middle of the ocean and he falls to the ocean.

Then, Moana asks Heihei to stay without any movement.

b. “Take out Te Ka, restore the heart.”

The second example is dentified as imperative because of the words “Take

out” and “Restore”. The words “Take out” mean to carry somebody from one

place to another (Oxford, p. 1562). Therefore, the words mean to bring Maui from

his island to Te Ka. Then, the word “Restore” means to bring something to a

former condition, place or position (Oxford, p. 1295). It means a command that

Maui has to give the Te Fiti’s heart back. Those words consist of the directivity

because of the intonation and the mimicry. Those words are aimed to force Maui

to do something whether he likes it or not. In this case, Maui is forced to go to Te

Ka and restore the heart of Te Fiti because Maui always rejects Moana’s request.

Maui feels that Te Fiti’s heart is a curse and he does not want to put it back. Then,

Moana commands Maui to do it.

c. “Lesson one, hit it!”

The words “Hit it” refer to the imperative function because it forces

someone to do it. The word “hit” consists of imperative function which means

touch something with force (Oxford, p. 738). In this case, Moana bring her hands

and gives the force to the sail. It consists of the directivity of imperative function

because of Moana does it in the independent way and it can be seen from her

intonation. The third example explains about Moana who wants to learn about


27

way finding and she said the first lesson is “hit it”. The word “it” refers to the sail

of the boat. Then, directly Moana hits the sail.

3. Interrogative

Interrogative function is used to

a. “Can’t you at least try?”

The words “Can’t you” refer to regulatory function because they control

someone’s action but this example is more polite. This example is included as

interrogative because of the word “Can’t” which is used to say that is possible for

something to do (Oxford, p. 215). In this case, it is possible to Maui to restore the

heart. This example starts with question and ends with a question mark. In this

case, Moana asks Maui to try restoring the heart of Te Fiti either he accepts it or

not. Not only the utterances, Moana’s intonation also shows that Moana hopes

Maui to accept it. Then, the reaction of Maui is accepts the request.

b. “Can’t you shift shape or something?”

The words “Can’t you” show the interrogative function because of the

intonation. This example is included as interrogative function because of the word

“Can’t” which is used to ask somebody to help. In this case, Moana command

Maui to help her by using a polite way. Usually interrogative utterances are

delivered as the questions. The words “Can’t you” in the first example shows that

Moana asks Maui to shift shape or something. In this case, Moana requests it to

Maui and it could be done by Maui or not. Then, the reaction of Maui is he rejects


28

Moana’s request by saying “Do you see my hook? No magic hook, no magic

power.”

c. “Is there something you want to tell me?”

This example shows the interrogative funtion because of the words “Is

there”. It is also used to force her grandmother to tell her about something that she

has to know but because of the age-different, she uses the polite way. The words

“Is there” show the existency (Oxford, p. 117). It shows that her grandmother

conceals something from her. The last example shows that Moana asks her

grandmother to tell something if there is something important to be told. Moana is

angry because her grandmother does not act like usual. After that, her

grandmother answers it patiently. Then, she accepts the request by taking Moana

to an old cave.

The first three categories are included as one which is regulatory funcion.

Those numbers show the first function used by Moana. These results are

compatible with the research which was done by Nemani (2013). He found 98

utterances consisted of directive function by Searle (1976). The directive function

by Searle (1976) is similar to regulatory function by Halliday (1973). In Nemani’s

(2013) research, the directive function was also used in A Separation Movie. For

example, “You just sign here and get out. Call someone for the bail”. The words

“Sign here”, “Get out” and “Call” express the directive functions. This example is

similar to the second example. Those words show that someone controls people’s

action.


29

4. Personal

Personal function was also found in Moana’s utterances. Personal function

usually explains the existence of “I”. Halliday (1978) states personal function is

identifying and expressing the self (p. 19). This function explains about

someone’s characteristics, statements, personality or identity. For examples:

a. “I am Moana of Motunui.” (10 times)

The words “I am” show that Moana tells the existence of herself. This

example is included as personal function because of the word “I” which means the

subject of a verb (Oxford, p. 767). The word “I” and “Motunui” in this example,

show Moana’s identity. Moreover, she says it ten times and it means that she

wants to show her identity because she comes from Motunui. Moana says it to

Maui for introducing herself at first but she keeps saying it to remind Maui.

Moana comes from Motunui and her grandmother says that she should restore Te

Fiti’s heart. Then, her grandmother says that utterances to Moana so she will say it

to Maui.

b. “I am self-taught”.

The word “I am” still show the existence of Moana but in the different

purpose. This is included as the personal function because of the word “Self-

taught” which means having learned something by reading books rather than

somebody teaching her (Oxford, 1378). It shows that is included as someone’s

personality. She wants to show her personality that she can learn by herself. In

this context, Moana and Maui confront Kakamora. Kakamora is a group of living


30

coconut and they are kind of pirates. They come to Moana’s boat because of Te

Fiti’s heart. They want to seize that heart. Then, Moana explains those utterances

to Maui because he is hesitant of Moana’s abilities. Actually, Moana cannot sail

but she explains her personality. It is shown in the words “self-taught”.

c. “They’re kind cute.”

The words “They’re kind cute” show that she states her personal statement

about something. This is included as personal function because of the word

“Cute” which means pretty and attractive (Oxford, p. 380). Then, pretty and

attractive is someone’s characteristics. This example shows the opinion function

because other people can have different opinion about it. Every person can see it

differently. Maui and Moana are in the boat. Moana brings Te Fiti’s heart closer

to Maui and Maui is afraid of it because he thinks that it is a curse. Then Maui

asks Moana to get it away from him but Moana keeps playing with it. Suddenly,

Kakamora comes to them because of Te Fiti’s heart. Then, Moana does not know

what Kakamora is and she says that they are cute.

Personal function found in 39 utterances. Those numbers show that

personal utterances become the second function used by Moana. The results are

similar to the research which was done by Kohandi, Farzaneh and Kazemi (2014),

they did the research in Top Notch Series and they also found that personal

function was in the second place. They analyzed the conversations from the book

of Top Notch Series. There were ten units in Top Notch 1. They found 12 of 49

conversations or 24.48 percent which consisted of personal function. They used


31

the table of Chi-Square to prove whether the results were significant or not. The

table showed that the results were significant and meaningful. It meant that the

speech functions were not distributed equally in that book.

5. Representational

In this movie, Moana also uses representational function to convey fact.

Referential function has the truth information. The context is very important. For

examples:

a. “This cave has boats.”

The words “This cave has boats” show that she wants to provide

information how the cave looks like or what is inside of it. This is included as

representational function because of the word “Cave” and “Boats”. The word

“Cave” means a large hole in the side of a hill or under the ground (Oxford, p.

234). The word “Boats” means a vehicle that travels on water moved by oar, sails

or motor (Oxford, p. 158). Those two words consist of information about the cave.

The first example shows that Moana finds an old cave in the village. There are

some boats inside of the cave. Then, there are some old memories after she bangs

the drum and some pictures seem appear in front of Moana. That boat is used by

the old villagers to voyage in the ocean and Moana represents it to other villagers.

Moana informs that to all villagers and hope her father wants to do it and they can

voyage again.


32

b. “The heart is in the...”

The words “The heart is” show that she also provides information where

the heart is so Maui will not get confused where to find the heart. This is included

as representational function because of the word “Heart” which means a part of

the body which sends blood around the body (Oxford, p. 720). It informs about

the hearts which is in the Heihei’s body. The second example explains about a

heart of Te Fiti which is eaten by the chicken inadvertently. Moana and Maui are

on the boat with Heihei. After that, Kakamora comes to take Te Fiti’s heart and

actually the chicken eats it. Kakamora is successful to take Te Fiti’s heart by

bringing that chicken with them. Yet, Moana directly informs it to Maui so they

can go back to take Te Fiti’s heart.

c. “And there is the whole ocean.”

The words “There is” show the information about something. In this

context, she wants to tell that there is ocean out there. This example is included as

representational function because of the words “There is” and “Ocean”. “There is”

used to show that something exist and “Ocean” means the mass of salt water that

covers most of the earth surface (Oxford, p. 1049). Those words show the

information about this world. Moana explains it to the villagers. Her village gets

some problems. Their coconuts are putrid and they cannot find fishes again. After

that, Moana says if they cannot find any fishes in one side, there is a whole ocean.

Moana informs it to villagers so they can find fish in the ocean but actually her


33

father does not agree with Moana’s suggestion. Moana’s father is quite afraid if

they go to the ocean because he has bad experience with it.

In this movie, from 176 utterances, the researcher found 33

representational utterances. These results make representational in the third

function that is used by Moana. These results are different from Utami’s (2017)

research. She found representative in 141 numbers. It made representative

becomes the most commonly speech function used in her research. Also, on the

contrary with Nemani’s (2014) research in A Separation movie, he only found

three representative functions or one percent of 202 utterances. For example, “If

her mother doesn’t give permission, she can’t come with you, Ma’am”. The

words “If”, “Give permission” and “She can’t come” do not express the

information but show the truth in representative functions.

6. Heuristic

The next function used by Moana is heuristic function. Heuristic function

is used to learn and explore the surroundings. It can be in the form of questions

and answers. For examples:

a. “Why are you acting weird?”

The words “Why are you acting” show that she explores someone’s action.

This is included as heuristic function because of the word “Acting” which means

something that somebody does (Oxford, p. 14). It shows her curiosity why

someone is doing that. Moana is curious about what her grandmother does. Her


34

grandmother is near the ocean. She looks like enjoy the oceans and she dances

alone there. Moana is just going back from her trip to find Maui. She really wants

to find Maui and she thinks that she can do it but actually she is back because of

the big waves. Then she finds her grandmother acts strange so, she asks her

grandmother by using that utterance.

b. “What is this place?”

That question shows that she is curious about what is that place because

she has never been there before. This is included as heuristic function because of

the word “Place” which means particular position or area (Oxford, p. 1147). From

the whole sentence, it means that she is curious about that place. It is her first

experience. Moana is curious about a new place that she visits with her

grandmother. After going back from her failed trip, she meets her grandmother

near the ocean. She does not believe her grandmother again. She realizes that she

should follow her father’s suggestion than her grandmother. Then, her

grandmother brings her to a cave. The cave is full of the old stories of village.

c. “What’s in there?”

That question shows that she is also curious about something in there. It is

included as heuristic function because of the word “There” which means existing

or available (Oxford, p. 1590). She is curious about something in that place

because she visits that place for the first time. To satisfy her curiosity, she keeps

asking some questions about the new place. The last example shows that Moana is

curious about something in an old cave. Her grandmother brings Moana to that


35

cave to make her believes that they were voyagers. The cave looks like a magical

cave because it saves all of the stories about that village. Then, to answer the

question, Moana comes into the cave and explores what is inside the cave. Moana

comes alone to that cave and she finds the answers about her curiosity.

Those were some examples of heuristic function found in Moana’s

utterances. As seen at those examples, Moana used W+H questions and they were

also used for exploring about what happened. Thus, there were 17 heuristic

functions found in Moana’s utterances. Those utterances make heuristic function

becomes the fourth function used by Moana. Different from the research which

was done by Kohandi, Farzaneh and Kazemi (2014), they found this heuristic

function was in the first function used in their research. They found it in 16

numbers or 32.65 percent.

7. Interactional

Interactional function is used by Moana. Interactional function is used to

create or end communication and also to show emphaty and solidarity. For

examples:

a. “Thank you.”

The words “Thank you” are used to end the communication and also to

show the high solidarity because someone has done something for her. It is

included as interactional function because of the words “Thank you” which

means that someone is grateful for something that has done by someone (Oxford,


36

p. 1588). It is also a compliment to show the solidarity to others. Moana says it to

Maui because Maui comes back for helping her to restore the heart of Te Fiti.

After his hook is cracked, Maui leaves Moana alone in the middle of the ocean.

He says that his hook is special because it is made by the gods. He is also

disappointed with Moana because Moana does not follow his suggestion to turn

around. After that, they fight each other because Maui feels that Moana is wrong

in choosing the way. After leaving Moana alone, Maui is back to help Moana

with his cracked hook and he is not afraid to lose that hook.

b. “I’m sorry about your hook.”

The words “I’m sorry” also show the solidarity. She feels what Maui feels

so she says sorry to Maui. It is included as the interactional function because of

the word “Sorry” which means feeling sad and sympathetic (Oxford, p. 1460). It

also means that Moana shows her emphaty. Moana says it to Maui because he has

lost his hook. That hook is broken when they fight the lava monster. Maui does

not regret it because he realizes that he does something good. He also helps

Moana’s village and be friend again with Te Fiti. After regretting his action in the

past to Te Fiti, finally Te Fiti forgives him and gives him back the hook.

c. “See you out there, Maui.”

The words “See you” are used to end the communication with someone. It

is included as interactional function because of the words “See you” which is

used to say goodbye (Oxford, p. 1372). It also shows the solidarity because she

hopes that they can meet again one day. Moana says it to Maui because they have


37

finished the mission. They restore Te Fiti’s heart together although there are so

many obstacles that they should be deal with. Moana does not give up because

she wants to convince Maui that they should restore Te Fiti’s heart to save her

village. The mission is accomplished. Then, Moana goes back safely to her

village.

Those utterances show that Moana ends the conversation and shows her

empathy. There were 9 utterances consisted of interactional function found in

Moana’s utterances. Those numbers make interactional become the lowest

function used by Moana. The results are similar to the research in Sherlock

Holmes which was done by Arista (2014), she also found phatic function in six

utterances or four percent. For example, “Sweet thing, I might need your help in

the disposal of this parcel”. The words “Sweet thing” show the phatic function

because they are used to maintain the social ties between other people. The

results made phatic function became the fifth function found in Sherlock Holmes.

Different from Kohandi, Farzaneh and Kazemi (2014), they found

representational function is in 12 numbers or 24.48 percent and it made that

function became the second function used in Top Notch Series.

B. Speech Function Categories Used by Maui

As seen in figure 4.2 page 38, there are eight speech function categories

used by Maui. They are declarative, imperative, interrogative, representational,

interactional, personal, heuristic and imaginative functions. There was none of

instrumental and metalinguistic functions found in Maui’s utterances.


38

Figure 4.2 Total of Speech Function Categories Found in Maui’s Utterances

1. Personal

There were 63 numbers of personal functions found in Maui’s utterances.

Personal function is related to individual information such as personal feelings,

emotions, identities, personalities and characteristics. For examples:

a. “Ah, you know, Maui is hero to all.”

The words “Maui is” want to show the existence of “I”. This is included as

personal function because of the word “Hero” which means a person who is

admired by many people for something brave or good (Oxford , p. 729). From the

sentence, he also wants to show his identity which is a hero. Maui tries to show

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Maui


39

about himself because he is hero to all. Moana just arrives at Maui’s island and

Maui comes to see the boat. Maui is very happy because after a long time god

sends him a boat to go out of that island. Yet, he does not realize that Moana is

there. After that, he shocks because there are Moana and Heihei. Then he

introduces himself to Moana and says that he is hero in the world.

b. “I, I love you too, buddy.”

The word “Love” shows his feeling. This is included as personal function

because of the word “Love” which means strong feeling of acffection for

somebody especially a friend (Oxford, p. 913). Maui expresses his feeling to his

tattoo. He states his pity because the moving tattoo hugs him. Maui just shares his

story about who he is. He says that he is not born by demigod but by human

parents but his parents do not love him and throw him under the sea. Suddenly,

the gods find him and make Maui becomes a demigod. He feels sad while telling

that story.

c. “I’m not going on suicide mission with some mortal.”

The words “Some mortal” show his personal statement that refer to

Moana. This is included as personal function because of the word “Mortal” which

means that cannot live forever and must die (Oxford, 993). Based on his

perception, Moana is just a human being while Maui is a demigod of wind and

sea. Then, he thinks Moana can make their journey be more difficult.

Those were the examples found in Maui’s utterances. The examples show

that Maui tries to tell his opinion to Moana. There were 63 numbers of opinion


40

functions. This personal function becomes the highest function used by Maui.

Besides, a critical analysis research by Kohandi, Farzaneh and Kazemi (2014)

found personal function was in the second function used. They found 12 numbers

of personal function or 24.48 percent of 55 numbers. A research by Arista (2014)

found expressive function as the fourth function used in Sherlock Holmes II: A

Game of Shadows movie. For example, “What an excellent opportunity!”. The

example shows that Holmes expresses his emotion because he feels surprised of

something.

2. Representational

The next function is representational. Representational function is used to

state information, direction and the like. For examples:

a. “The second I took it, I got blasted out of the sky and I lost my hook.”

He informs that he has ever tried to take the hook but he fails. It is

included as representational function because of the words “I got blasted out of

the sky and I lost my hook”. Those words containt the information about the past

story. Maui informs about his experience and tells the reason why he is very

afraid of Te Fiti’s heart. Moana brings Te Fiti’s heart closer to Maui and Maui is

not brave enough to see it even to touch it. Maui also informs Moana before this

utterance, he says that Te Fiti’s heart is not a heart, it is a curse. Then, he explains

it to Moana and asks Moana to get it away from him.

b. “You know, a real way finder never sleeps.”


41

That words “A real way finder never sleeps” show that he informs Moana

how to be a real wayfinder so Moana can improve her ability. Maui informs if

Moana really wants to be a way finder, she should not sleep. Moana learns about

way finding and Maui teaches her. After that, she sleeps in the boat and has a

nightmare. In her dream, her village is in danger because of some problems. Then,

she is shocked and wakes up from her rest. After that Maui explains how to be a

real way finder.

c. “You go out there, he will kill you.”

The words “Go out” and “Will kill” are related. It shows representational

function because of the combination of “if you go out” and “so he will kill you”.

Maui informs Moana, if the Monster called Tamatoa shows up, he will kill her.

They come into Tamatoa’s cave to take Maui’s hook. Moana is asked to shift

Tamatoa’s attention so Maui can take his hook. Then, Moana comes in front of

Tamatoa and Tamatoa is interested with Moana’s necklace, Te Fiti’s heart, and he

does not kill Moana.

Those are some examples of representational function found in Maui’s

utterances. Those examples show that Maui gives some kind of information to

Moana. Therefore, there were 42 representational function found in Maui’s

utterances. It makes representational becomes the second function which is

usually used by Maui. On the contrary with Nemani’s (2014) research in A

Separation movie, he found representative function is in the lowest function found

in the research. He found three numbers of representative functions. The results


42

are similar to Arista (2014), she found referential as the second function used by

Holmes. She found 57 utterances consisted of referential function. For example,

“Three men have been following you for the last half mile their motives highly

unsavory.” The words “Three men” and “For the last half mile” express the

referential utterances. The words are used to show the truth that someone really

did it.

3. Declarative

In figure 4.2, there are 7 utterances consist of declarative function. The

first regulatory function is declarative function which is used to control someone’s

actions but is not usually done by the hearer. Usually it is in the form of

suggestions and ends with full stop. For examples:

a. “You need to stop doing that.”

The words “Need to stop” show that Maui controls Moana’s action.it is

included as declarative function because of the word “Need” which is used to ask

if something is necessary (Oxford, p. 1019). It is necessary because Moana can

stop doing that to Maui. He does not want Moana to do it so he asks Moana to

stop. Maui asks Moana to stop asking about the tattoo in Maui’s body but Moana

keeps asking about it. Maui says that the tattoos show up when Maui earns them.

Then, Moana still asks about the function of a tattoo to the others. Maui feels

uncomfortable and he says that is none of Moana’s business but she keeps asking

about those tattoos.


43

b. “Let’s fatten you up, drumstick.”

First example, the words “let’s” shows Maui invites the tattoo to become

fatter. It is included as declarative because of the word “Let” which is used to

make suggestions (Oxford, p. 881). Maui suggests it to his tattoo. It is in the

beginning of the journey. Moana comes to Maui’s island and asks Maui to restore

the heart of Te Fiti. Maui acts like he wants to do it and starts singing. After that,

he puts Moana into a cave and closes that cave with a very big stone. He hopes

Moana cannot go outside and he can bring Moana’s boat. After that, his tattoo is

angry because of Maui’s action and Maui just say that utterances.

c. “Okay, let’s get my hook.”

The second example also uses the words “let’s” and Maui persuades

Moana to get his hook together. The word “Let” in this utterance consist of

offering help (Oxford, p. 881). Maui is asked by Moana to restore Te Fiti’s heart

while sailing in the ocean. Maui thinks that he cannot do it without his magical

hook. His hook is not with him. That hook is in Lalotai. They should take that

hook in a monster cave and then they take it together.

4. Imperative

The second part of regulatory function is imperative. There are 27

imperative functions found in Maui’s utterances. This function is used to force

someone to do something. Usually, it is in the form of imperative. For examples:


44

1) “Back off.”

First example is aimed to make Moana stays away from him. This is

included as imperative because the words “Back off” consist of directivity which

is used to move away backwards from something (Oxford, p. 96). Moana keeps

asking about Maui’s tattoos because she is curious about it. Maui feels distracted

because of it and he asks Moana to stop asking about those tattoos and said that it

is not her business. Maui looks angry and he commands Moana to back off and

stay away from him.

2) “Moana stop.”

Second example, finally Maui wants to restore the heart together with

Moana. This example is included as imperative because of the word “Stop” which

means to no longer move. It should make Moana does not move away. At first

they help each other and after that there is an accident that Moana does not follow

Maui’s instruction. Maui points out Moana to stop. Maui knows that they cannot

pass that lava monster because it will follow them wherever they are. Yet, Moana

is still in that way and finally they fail because she did not hear Maui.

3) “Turn around.”

The last example shows that Maui commands Moana to turn around. The

words “Turn around” show the imperative sentences which mean the amount time

it takes to unload a ship at the end of one journey and load it again for the next

one (Oxford, p. 1651). It can be seen not only from the utterances but also from

Maui’s intonation. Maui said it because they are in a danger if they do not turn


45

back. Moana holds the boat’s steering and she does not follow Maui’s instruction.

Maui commands Moana because they cannot pass the lava monster.

5. Interrogative

The last part of regulatory function is requesting. There are two requesting

functions found in Maui’s utterances. Interrogative function is used to ask

someone whether they want to do something or not. For example:

1) “You’re gonna stay here with the other chicken.”

First example, Maui asks Moana to stay in the boat with the chicken called

Heihei. The words “You’re gonna” shows the interrogative sentence which means

the action tpo do in the future (Oxford, p. 662). They are in a way to Lalotai to

take Maui’s hook. Before escalading the hill, Maui does not want Moana to

follow him because he thinks that it is not safe for Moana. Yet, Moana does not

follow Maui’s request. Moana follows Maui to escalade the hill.

2) “Tell me I could beat Te Ka cause I’m Maui.”

Second example shows that Maui asks Moana to tell him about himself.

Maui requests for confession from Moana. This example is included as

interrogative because of the word “Tell” which is used to say that somebody

understand about it (Oxford, p. 1579). They are just back from Tamatoa’s cave.

Maui does not believe in their abilities because they cannot pass Te Ka. Then,

Moana asks him to get up but he is still lazy and asks Moana to tell him about

himself.


46

The third until five categories are included as regulatory function. Regulatory

function is the third function which is used by Maui. There were 36 numbers

found in this function. Different from Nemani’s (2014) research, he found

directive function was as the highest function used in A Separation movie. Yet,

the results are similar to Arista’s (2014) research, she found directive was as the

third function used in Sherlock Holmes movie. For example, “Give me the

wedding ring.” The words “Give me” express the directive utterances which are

used to control someone’s action to bring him a ring.

6. Interactional

Interactional function is usually used to show solidarity and get closer with

other people. This function was also found in Maui’s utterances. For examples:

a. “Goodbye.”

The word “goodbye” shows that Maui ends up the conversation with the

good way and maintains the social ties between both of them. It is included as

interactional function because of the word “Goodbye” which is used when

someone leaves somebody (Oxford, p. 669). The social ties are shown by their

reaction which looks desperate because of the separation. Maui appreciates Moana

but he really cannot help Moana anymore because his hook is cracked. They

almost can beat Te Ka but because of Moana does not follow Maui’s instruction,

they fail and Maui does not want to continue that mission again. Maui is afraid of

his hook and then he flies and leaves Moana alone in that boat.


47

b. “Thank you.”

The words “Thank you” shows that Maui tries to get closer to the goddess

and also he maintains emotional ties by uttering those words. It is included as

interactional function because the words “Thank you”. In this case, Maui says it to

accept the goddes’ gift in a polite way (Oxford, p. 1588)..Maui says it to the

goddess called Te Fiti because Maui has been given back his hook. When they

pass Te Ka, Maui’s hook is broken and he cannot use that hook again. After that

he meets the goddess and he uses that utterance because he really appreciates the

goddess’ gift.

c. “See you out there Moana.”

The words “See you” show that Maui gets closer with Moana. The words

“See you” shows the solidarity which is used to say goodbye (Oxford, p. 1373).

Those words also show how the social relationship between them is going on. It

runs well because he says those words. The words “See you” mean that he hopes

to meet Moana again. The last example is aimed to end the conversation with

Moana because Moana will be back to her village. Finally they accomplish the

mission to restore Te Fiti’s heart. Moana prepares her boat and brings Heihei with

her. Maui is also asked to come with Moana because her people will need a

master of way finder but he says that the villagers already have one.

Those are the examples found in Maui’s utterances. Those examples show

that Maui wants to create or end the conversation and to show his solidarity. In

this part, there were ten interactional functions found in Maui’s utterances. It


48

makes interactional becomes the fourth function used by Maui. The research by

Arista (2014) found it as the fifth function used the Sherlock Holmes movie. She

found six representational utterances or four percent of 172 utterances found in

Sherlock Holmes movie. For example, “He was boxing champion at Cambridge

where he made friends with our current prime minister.” The words “At

Cambridge where he made friends” give the information of someone who wins

the boxing tournament.

7. Heuristic

Heuristic function is related to the curiosity about the environment. Not

only talking literally the surroundings, but also the people. It can be in the form of

questions and answers. For example:

a. “You’re gonna give me a speech?”

The words “You’re gonna give” show that Maui learns more about what

Moana does. The words “You’re gonna give me" is included as heuristic function

and it can bee seen from the intonation. He is also curious about what she is going

to do. They are on the boat and sail across the sea. At that time, Moana said,

“Wake up, play time is over”. After that, Maui is curious about what Moana will

do and he states it by saying that utterance. It can be seen from Maui’s intonation

that he is curious about what Moana will do after that.

b. “Wonder, what they’re here for?”


49

The question “what they’re here for?” means that Maui explores why they

are there. Those words are included as heuristic function because of the word

“Here” which means in the position or place (Oxford, 728). He thinks about any

possibilities about what they come for. Maui says it because of Kakamora.

Kakamora is kind of coconuts and they are alive. They come because of Te Fiti’s

heart which is brought by Moana. Then, Maui says it to Moana to find out why

Kakamora are there. Before they come, Moana just plays together with Maui

because he is afraid of it. He asks Moana to get it away from him because he says

it is a curse.

c. “You can’t sail?”

The words “You can’t sail?” show that Maui is exploring Moana’s

abilities. The words “Can’t sail” are included as heuristic function because it

means he just knows that Moana cannot control and travel on a boat with sail

(Oxford, 1340). Actually, Moana does not know about sailing or way finding.

Then, in a situation when Kakamora comes to them, Maui asks it to Moana.

Moana cannot sail because her father never teaches her about it and after beating

Kakamora, Moana asks Maui to teach her about way finding.

Those are some examples of heuristic function found in Maui’s utterances.

Those examples show Maui’s curiosity. In this function, there are six numbers of

heuristic functions found in Maui’s utterances. They make this function become

the fifth function used by Maui. Yet, research by Kohandi, Farzaneh and Kazemi


50

(2014) found the different data, they found heuristic function as the highest

function used in Top Notch Series. They found it in 16 out of 55 utterances.

8. Imaginative

The last is imaginative function. This function is related to someone’s

imagination like jokes, poetry or storytelling. Usually, in this part, the beauty of

the language will be seen. For examples:

a. “When you use a bird to write it, it’s called tweeting (laughs).”

The words “Use a bird to write” do not make sense because actually a bird

cannot even write. Also, the next words “It’s called tweeting” mean one of the

social media, namely, twitter which uses a bird as their symbol. Those words

show that Maui is joking. Moana arrives in Maui’s island and meets Maui. Then,

Maui introduces himself to Moana. He said that he is a demigod of the wind and

sea and also he is hero to all. Then, he thinks that Moana is a fan of him but

actually Maui is not Moana’s hero. Then Moana tries to explain it but Maui

directly cuts Moana’s utterance and states that utterance and gives his signature to

Moana.

b. “Yes, because it only appears after a human sacrifice. Kidding (laughs).”

The words “Appear after a human sacrifice” do not make sense in the real

life because who wants to sacrifice someone just to open the door. Those words

are just the imagination. They are on the top of Lalotai. Maui asks Moana to stay

in the boat but she does not want to. Then, she follows him to the top of a hill or


51

Lalotai. They are there and Moana is looking for where Lalotai is. In fact, Lalotai

is beneath them. After that, Maui starts joking by telling that utterance. Moana is

afraid that she will be sacrificed and Maui says it as a joke.

There are two numbers of imaginative functions found in Maui’s

utterances. They make this function become the sixth function which is used by

Maui. The research by Arista (2014) also found poetic function as the sixth

function used in her research. She found 4 numbers consisted of poetic utterances.

For example is “Touchy, touchy.” The example shows the poetic function

because it consists of alliteration. Those numbers differ with the research by

Kohandi, Farzaneh and Kazemi (2014), they did not find any imaginative

utterances in their research.

C. The Differences in the Categories Used by Maui and Moana

In this part, some results are discussed to show the different speech

function categories used by Maui and Moana in Moana movie. The data are

showed in the figure 4.3 page 52 and the table of data analysis is in the appendix

1. As seen in figure 4.3, there are five types of speech function categories used by

Maui and Moana. They are regulatory, representational, interactional, personality

and heuristic functions. Besides, one function is just used by Maui namely

imaginative function.


52

Figure 4.3 Percentage of Speech Function Categories Found in Moana’s And Maui’s

Utterances

1. Declarative

The function used by both characters is declarative of regulatory function.

This research found Moana used persuading more than Maui did. Moana uses it in

31.07 percent while Maui uses it in 4.40 percent. Those numbers show that Moana

likes to persuade people more than Maui does. Therefore, in this function, Moana

is dominant. As stated by Holmes and Wilson (2017), the age is also influenced

the language use. The oldest children tend to use imperative and the youngest ten

to use declarative (p. 299). Moana is younger than Maui. Maui has lived many

years. Therefore, Moana uses this function almost ten times more than Maui does.

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Moana

Maui


53

2. Imperative

The next function of regulatory is imperative. In this research, imperative

function found in 11.29 percent used by Moana. Besides, Maui uses it in 16.98

percent. Imperative function is used more by Maui than Moana in Moana movie.

Holmes and Wilson (2017 state that girls are less direct and more polite than boys

(p. 300). Therefore, Maui is dominant in imperative function. Maui is a demigod

of wind and sea. He is not an ordinary human so he uses more imperative

utterances to Moana does. Holmes and Wilson (2017) state usually superior likes

to use imperatives to subordinates (p. 298). According to Catur (2014) in a

research of Hitch movie, he does not find the similar data. He found that female

character used it more than male character did. He found 2 numbers used by

female while he did not find any imperative in male utterances.

3. Interrogative

The last of regulatory function is interrogative function. In this research, it

found Moana likes to use it more than Maui although it is just in 2.27 percent.

Besides, the Maui uses it in 1.25 percent. It shows that both Moana and Maui do

not really use that function in their language. Holmes and Wilson (2017) declare

that social status influenced this function. The lower status such as post male will

tend to use this function when he asks the upper- class British female (p. 307). In

this research, Maui is just an ordinary girl while Moana is a demigod. Thus,

Moana is dominant in using this function.


54

4. Representational

The second is representational function. As seen in figure 4.3 page 51,

Moana uses it less than Maui. Moana uses this function in 18.75 percent while

Maui uses it in 26.41 percent. Therefore, this function is dominated by Maui. The

difference is up to 7.66 percent. It shows that Maui gives more information, facts

and direction. The results are similar to Talbot (2010), she found that man used

referential function more than woman. She found 24 utterances or 61 percent in

man while18 utterances or 35 percent found in woman.

5. Interactional

The third function is interactional. This research found Moana uses it less

than Maui although the difference is not exceedingly specific. Moana uses it in

5.11 percent. Besides, Maui uses it in 6.28 percent. The difference between those

two is just in one number. It shows that both Maui and Moana do not really use

this function in their conversation because Moana uses it as the fifth function and

Maui uses it as the fourth function. In contrary, Eckert and Ginet (2003) state that

female tends to show solidarity or familiarity and also show respect forms (p. 158-

161).

6. Personal

The fifth is personal function. This is used more by Maui in 39.61 percent.

Meanwhile, Moana also uses it in 21.31 percent. Those data show that Maui

would like to show himself more than Moana does. Those results are different


55

from the explanation from Eckert and Ginet (2003). They claim that men talk

more about their accomplishment than women talks about their looks, personality

and moral qualities (p. 124). Maui’s utterances show the different results. Then,

those results do not only show the personality but also his affection, emotion and

feeling. Usually, women tend to use her feeling than men do. Maui is dominated

the personal function. In contrast with Lakoff (1973, as cited in Edwards, 2009),

as written in his female’s language theory, declares that women tend to be more

expressive and emotional than men.

7. Heuristic

The sixth is heuristic function. This research found Moana explores her

surrounding more than Maui does. The data show Moana uses heuristic function

in 9.09 percent. Besides, Maui uses in 3.77 percent. It shows that Maui does not

really want to learn something new or he is not really curious about his

surroundings. Thus, Moana is really curious about the environment and

someone’s actions so she keeps asking question. Edwards (2009) states women

tend to speak less and to ask more questions. Moana asks three times more than

Maui does. Besides, men tend to talk more, make longer utterances and become

less facilitative (p. 148).

8. Imaginative

The last function is imaginative. Imaginative function is used by Maui.

Maui uses it in 1.25 percent while Moana does not use this function in her


56

utterances. All of the utterances that have imaginative functions are jokes. There

is none of poetic or storytelling utterances. The results make Maui dominates this

function. It is strengthened by Crawford (1995), she claims that women cannot tell

jokes and they don’t get jokes because they have no sense of humor (p. 25).


57

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

There are two parts in this chapter. They are conclusions and

recommendations

A. Conclusions

After analyzing the movie and the research results, there are two

conclusions to answer the research questions. The first research question is what

categories of speech functions are usually used by the main characters in Moana

movie? For the result, there are seven speech function categories in Halliday’s

speech function theory. They are instrumental, regulatory, representational,

interactional, personal, heuristic and imaginative functions. While in this research,

there are five speech function categories used by Moana. They are regulatory,

representational, interactional, personal and heuristic. Whereas, there are six

speech function categories used by Maui, namely, regulatory, representational,

interactional, personal, heuristic and imaginative functions.

The second conclusion is related to the second research question, namely,

what are the differences in the categories used by Maui and Moana? From the data

analysis, it was found five speech function categories used by Maui and Moana.

They are regulatory, representational, interactional, personality and heuristic

functions. Regulatory is used by Moana as the first function while Maui uses

personal function. Moana also uses personal function as the second function


58

whereas Maui uses representational function. Moana uses representational as the

third function while Maui uses regulatory as the third function. Moana uses

heuristic as the fourth function. Meanwhile, Maui uses interactional function as

the fourth function. The last function used by Moana is interactional function.

Maui uses heuristic as the last function.

B. Recommendations

The researcher suggests these recommendations to two groups of people.

They are English language students and future researchers.

1. English Language Students

Speech function categories are important to be learned by English

Language students. From this research, the researcher recommends the English

Language Students to learn and understand the speech function categories. There

are some experts with some different functions of language. Some of them are

connected and some are not. It will be better for the students to learn farther about

speech function so there will not be misunderstanding about those functions.

2. Future Researchers

For future researchers, the researcher recommends to find the accurate data

and example about speech functions theory which is used in the research. It will

be more helpful in analyzing the data. The researcher recommends for giving

more attention in analyzing the utterances or sentences so the most correct

category will be chosen.


59

C. Implications

Firstly, this research aims to give contributions to the field of English

education especially in language teaching. Speech functions contain of some

categories such as instrumental, declarative, imperative, interrogative,

representational, interactional, personal, heuristic, imaginative and metalinguistic.

English learners can increase their understanding and vocabularies through speech

functions. Their understanding will help them to interpret the correct meaning of

some utterances. Then, the increasing vocabularies will help them to deliver the

correct message to the listener.


60

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Holmes, J. & Wilson, N. (2017). An introduction to sociolinguistics (5th ed.).

New York: Routledge.


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http://moana.wikia.com/Moana/Transcript

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61

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Talbot, M. (2010). Language and gender (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Polity Press.

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London: Routledge.

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http://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/jesr/article/view/161

https://repository.usd.ac.id/11606/

62

APPENDICES


63

Appendix 1. Table of Speech Function Categories Used by Moana and Maui

Abbreviations:

# : Number Ins : Instrumental Reg : Regulatory

Dec : Declarative Imp : Imperative Inter : Interrogative

Rep : Representational Int : Interactional Per : Personal

Heu : Heuristic Im : Imaginative

(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg

Rep Int Per Heu Im Met

Dec Imp Inter

1. 00:07:20 Fun, I want (us to) go back. O

2. 00:08:30 Dad! I was only looking at the boats. I wasn’t

gonna get on them.

O

3. 00:12:15 Bye! O

4. 00:12:16 You’re doing great. O

5. 00:13:19 Well... We should clear the diseased trees and we

will start a new grove there.

O


64

Appendix 1 (continued)

(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

6. 00:13:47 Then we’ll rotate the fishing ground. O

7. 00:13:53 Oh.. Then we’ll fish far side of the island. O

8. 00:13:57 The windward side. O

9. 00:14:17 What if... we fished beyond the reef? O

10. 00:14:23 I know, but if there are no fish in the lagoon... O

11. 00:14:27 And there’s a whole ocean... O

12. 00:15:03 I didn’t say go beyond the reef because I want to

be on the ocean.

O

13. 00:15:14 Because he doesn’t get me. O

14. 00:20:06 Grandma... Are you gonna tell dad? O


65


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

15. 00:20:20 He was right. About going out there. It’s time to

put my stone on the mountain.

O

16. 00:20:42 Why aren’t you trying to talk me out of it? O

17. 00:21:02 Why are you acting weird? O

18. 00:21:08 If there’s something you want to tell me, just tell

me.

O

19. 00:21:11 Is there something you want to tell me? O

20. 00:21:28 What is this place? O

21. 00:21:47 What’s in there? O

22. 00:23:14 Bang the drum. O

23. 00:25:53 We were voyagers. (6 times) O


66


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

24. 00:27:15 I thought it was a dream. O

25. 00:27:39 I don’t even know how to make it past the reef. O

26. 00:27:42 But I know who does. O

27. 00:28:02 Save our island. O

28. 00:28:04 This cave has boats, huge canoes. O

29. 00:28:07 We can take them to find Maui, make him restore

the heart.

O

30. 00:28:13 We can voyage again. O

31. 00:28:17 You told me to help our people. O

32. 00:28:19 This is how we can help our people. O

33. 00:28:27 No! (13 times) O


67

Appendix 1 (continued

(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

34. 00:28:28 Don’t! O

35. 00:28:29 We have to find Maui. O

36. 00:28:30 We have to restore the heart. O

37. 00:29:35 Not now. I can’t. O

38. 00:30:04 I... I can’t leave you. O

39. 00:32:04 I am Moana of Motunui. (10 times) O

40. 00:32:06 You will board my boat, sail across the sea and

restore the heart of Te Fiti. (6 times)

O

41. 00:32:59 Yes... see. There we go. Nice water. O

42. 00:33:04 The ocean is a friend of mine. O


68


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

43. 00:33:09 Heihei. Heihei! Stay. O

44. 00:33:34 Ok. Next stop, Maui. O

45. 00:34:31 Ocean. I could use a little help. O

46. 00:34:40 Please. (2 times) O

47. 00:34:41 Come on. Help me. O

48. 00:36:21 Maui, shapeshifter, demigod of the wind and sea

(2 times).

O

49. 00:37:49 I’m here because you stole the heart of Te Fiti

and you will board my board, sail across the sea,

and put it back.

O


69


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

50. 00:38:14 Thank you? O

51. 00:40:54 Hey, let me out! You lying slimmy son of a... O

52. 00:42:39 Stop! O

53. 00:42:40 Hey, you’ll pull back the horde. O

54. 00:43:05 This is my canoe. And you will journey to

aahh...

O

55. 00:43:27 Yes. And you will restore the heart. O

56. 00:43:50 What is your problem? O

57. 00:43:52 Are you afraid of it? O

58 00:44:12 Get this away? O


70


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

59. 00:44:30 Come for this... the heart. You mean this heart

right here... come and get it.

O

60. 00:44:37 No, I’m gonna get us to Te Fiti. So you can put it

back.

O

61. 00:44:41 Thank you. O

62. 00:44:43 You’re welcome! O

63. 00:44:49 Kaka...what? O

64. 00:45:00 They’re kind of cute. O

65. 00:45:20 Ocean do something, help us. O


71


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

66. 00:45:30 I... I am self-taught? O

67. 00:45:44 Can’t you shift shape or something? O

68. 00:46:38 Yup. I just did best. O

68. 00:46:47 No, no, no, no. Heihei. Maui they took the heart. O

69. 00:47:11 The heart is in the... O

70. 00:47:12 We have to get it back. O

71. 00:47:34 Maui..... there. Right there! O

72. 00:47:37 You’re turning. What are you doing? O

73. 00:47:53 Coconuts. O

74. 00:48:44 Hah...got it. Oh..oh.. Hey... O

75. 00:48:59 Yeah... we did it! O


72


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

76. 00:50:00 Maybe you were but now... Now you’re just the

guy who stole the heart of Te Fiti. The guy who

cursed the world. Don’t know one fellow.

O

77. 00:50:24 But, put this back. Save the world. You’d be

everyone’s hero.

O

78. 00:50:35 Mauiii. Mauiii. Mauii. Guess what they said. O

79. 00:50:44 Then we get your hook (2 times). O

80. 00:50:45 Take out Te Ka, restore the heart. O

81. 00:51:03 Then save the world. Deal? O

82. 00:51:59 Okay, first... I’m not a princess. I’m the

daughter of the chief.

O


73


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

83. 00:52:30 If you can talk, you can teach way finding. O

84. 00:52:33 Lesson one... hit it. O

85. 00:53:03 It’s cold. Wait, it’s getting warmer. O

86. 00:53:08 Then, it’s disgusting. O

87. 00:54:33 And he lives up there. O

88. 00:54:42 Lalotai? Realm of monsters. O

89. 00:54:45 We (‘re) going to the Realms of Monsters? O

90. 00:57:22 Go! O

91. 00:59:04 Maui’s fishhook. O


74


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

92. 00:59:08 Sorry. I thought you were a monster, but... I

found your hook and you’re right... This

Tamatoa really like the treasure.

O

93. 00:59:49 This is stupid, I’m just gonna walk up there. O

94. 01:00:40 Don’t it’s my grandma’s. O

95. 01:05:00 We gotta go. O

96. 01:05:37 Yahoooo.... We’re alive (2 times). O

97. 01:06:27 It’s not cursed (2 times). O

98. 01:06:58 Can’t you at least try? O

99. 01:07:09 Alright, play time is over. O


75


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

100. 01:07:11 Get up. O

101. 01:07:40 What’s Nanya? O

102. 01:07:49 What’s that for? O

103. 01:08:00 Is that why your hook not working? O

104. 01:08:18 You don’t wanna talk, don’t talk. O

105. 01:08:21 You wanna throw me off the boat, throw me

off.

O

106. 01:08:35 You’re right but my island is dying. O

107. 01:08:50 And I want to help but I can’t if you don’t let

me.

O

108. 01:10:05 Maybe the Gods found you for a reason. O


76


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

109. 01:10:09 Maybe the ocean brought you to them. O

110. 01:10:17 But the Gods are the ones who make you Maui.

You are.

O

111. 01:12:08 Next stop, Te Fiti. O

112. 01:14:13 Go, save the world. O

113. 01:15:20 Yes, we will. O

114. 01:16:08 I thought we can make it. O

115. 01:16:13 I thought I can make it. O

116. 01:16:17 We can fix it. O

117. 01:16:22 Next time we’ll be more careful. O

118. 01:16:25 Te Ka was stuck on the barely island. O


77


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

119. 01:16:27 It’s lava, it can’t go on the water. O

120. 01:16:29 We can find a way around. O

121. 01:16:35 What... we still have to restore the heart. O

122. 01:16:41 Maui you have to restore the heart. O

123. 01:16:44 That’s not true. O

124. 01:17:13 You will board my boat, sail across the sea. O

125. 01:17:20 I just restore the heart of Te Fiti. O

126. 01:17:22 The ocean chose me. O

127. 01:17:58 I am not the right person. O

128. 01:18:03 You have to choose someone else (2 times). O

129. 01:19:44 I don’t know. O


78


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

130. 01:23:22 We’ll make it pass the barely island. O

131. 01:23:24 We’ll make it to Te Fiti. O

132. 01:23:26 None of us, you understand, because you are

chicken.

O

133. 01:25:44 Thank you. O

134. 01:27:30 It’s gone. O

135. 01:28:22 Let her come to me. O

136. 01:30:38 I’m sorry about your hook. O

137. 01:32:32 You can come with us, you know. O

138. 01:32:35 My people are going to need a master way

finder.

O


79


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

139. 01:33:00 See you out there, Maui. O

Total 177 0 55 20 4 33 9 39 17 0 0


80


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

1. 00:36:36 Boat! A boat! The God has given me a (screams) O

2. 00:37:00 Hero of man. O

3. 00:37:02 It’s actually Maui, shapeshifter, demigod of the

wind and sea, hero of man. I interrupted, from

the top, hero of man.

O

4. 00:37:09 Go! O

5. 00:37:18 Ah, you know, Maui is a hero to all. O


7. 00:37:27 Maui always has time for his fans. O

8. 00:37:30 When you use a bird to write it, it’s called

tweeting. (laughs)

O


81


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

9. 00:38:11 Yeah. So what I believe you were trying to say is

thank you.

O

10. 00:38:16 You’re welcome (2 times). O

11. 00:41:12 I’m not going to Te Fiti with some kid. O

12. 00:41:13 I’m going to get my hook. O

13. 00:41:15 You have yours and I’m not Maui without mine. O

14. 00:41:19 Okay, talk to the back. O

15. 00:41:58 Oh no, no, no. Don’t look at me like that. O

16. 00:42:00 It’s a beautiful cave, she’s gonna love it and I’m

going to love you.

O

17. 00:42:08 Now, let’s fatten you up, drumstick. O


82


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

18. 00:42:32 I can watch that all day. O

19. 00:42:34 Okay, enjoy the island. O

20. 00:42:36 Maui...out! O

21. 00:43:11 Alright, get over it, we gotta move. O

22. 00:43:15 And she’s back. O

23. 00:43:56 I’m not afraid. O

24. 00:44:01 Stay out of it or you’re sleeping in my armpit. O

25 00:44:03 You stop it. O

26. 00:44:04 That is not a heart, it is a curse. O

27. 00:44:07 The second I took it, I got blasted out of the sky

and I lost my hook.

O


83


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

28. 00:44:11 Get it away from me. O

29. 00:44:15 I’m Demigod, okay? O

30. 00:44:17 Stop that, I will smite you. O

31. 00:44:18 You wanna get smote? O

32. 00:44:22 Listen, that thing doesn’t give you power to

create life.

O

33. 00:44:24 It’s a homing beacon of death. O

34. 00:44:27 If don’t put it away, bad things will come for it. O

35. 00:44:35 You’re gonna get us killed. O

36. 00:44:47 Kakamora. O


84


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

37. 00:44:51 Murdering little pirates. O

38. 00:44:52 Wonder, what they’re here for? O

39. 00:45:23 The ocean doesn’t help you. O

40. 00:45:24 You help yourself. O

41. 00:45:29 You can’t sail? O

42. 00:45:48 You see my hook? O

43. 00:47:07 That (‘s) a chicken. O

44. 00:47:38 Escaping. O

45. 00:47:41 Forget it, you’ll never get it back. O

46. 00:47:48 They’re just gonna kill you. O


85


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

47. 00:49:03 Congratulations, on not being dead, curly. O

48. 00:49:06 You surprise me. O

49. 00:49:11 You wanna get to Te Fiti, you have to go

through the whole oceans and bad not to

mention Te Ka, lava monster.

O

50. 00:49:31 I’m not going on a suicide mission with some

mortal.

O

51. 00:49:35 You can restore the heart without me. O

52. 00:49:58 Little girl, I’m a hero. O

53. 00:50:41 We never make it without my hook. O

54. 00:51:01 First, we get my hook. O


86


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

55. 00:51:15 Okay, we go east. O

56. 00:51:17 To the Lair of Tamatoa. O

57. 00:51:20 If anyone has my hook, it’s that bee-eyed

bottomfeeder.

O

58. 00:51:48 It’s call way finding, princess. O

59. 00:51:51 It’s not just sail and not, it’s sea where you’re

going in your mind. Knowing where you are by

knowing where you’ve been.

O

60. 00:52:05 If you weary dress and you have animal

sidekick, you’re princess, you’re not a

wayfinder.

O


87


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

61. 00:52:09 You’re never be a way find her. O

62. 00:52:12 You’ll never be a way. O

63. 00:52:26 You’re a bad person. O

64. 00:52:38 Pull the sheets. O

65. 00:52:40 Not that sheets. O

66. 00:52:47 Tried that one already. O

67. 00:52:57 If the current warm, you’re going the right way. O

68. 00:54:03 Enjoy your beauty rest. O

69. 00:54:05 You know, a real wayfinder never sleeps. O

70. 00:54:08 So they actually get what they need to go. O

71. 00:54:13 We’re here. O


88


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

72. 00:54:21 He’s skyvenger. O

73. 00:54:37 That’s just the entrance. O

74. 00:54:41 To Lalotai. O

75. 00:54:50 You are gonna stay here with the other chicken. O

76. 00:55:00 I called her chicken, that chicken on the boat. O

77. 00:55:02 I know she’s human, but that’s not. O

78. 00:55:06 You know, forget it. O

79. 00:55:07 Forget it, I’m not explaining it to you. O

80. 00:55:09 What? Cause that is not funny. O

81. 00:55:24 So, daughter of the chief, I thought you stayed in

the village, you know, kissing babies and things.

O


89


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

82. 00:55:42 The ocean, makes sense. O

83. 00:55:52 If the ocean so smart, why didn’t you just take

the heart back to Te Fiti itself or bring me my

hook.

O

84. 00:55:59 The ocean straight up pooky dooks but I’m sure

it’s not wrong about you.

O

85. 00:56:06 You’re the chosen one. O

86. 00:56:33 Yes, because it only appears after a human

sacrifice. Kidding... ha.. ha..ha..

O

88. 00:57:05 Do not worry, it’s a lot far down there than it

looks.

O


90


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

89. 00:57:15 I am still Maui. O

90. 00:57:58 Well, she’s dead. O

91. 00:58:01 Okay, let’s get my hook. O

92. 00:59:13 Stay. O

93. 00:59:18 Listen. For a thousand years, I’ve only been

thinking about keeping this hair silky, getting

my hook and being awesome again.

O

94. 00:59:48 You’re not selling it. O

95. 00:59:53 You go out there, he will kill you. O

96. 00:59:55 Just stick to the plan. O

97. 00:59:56 Oh! When he shows up, keep him distracted. O


91


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

98. 00:59:58 Make him talk about himself. O

99. 01:00:00 He loves bragging about how awesome he is. O

100. 01:05:43 I appreciate what you did down there. O

101. 01:05:46 But, I’m sorry. O

102. 01:05:48 I’m trying to be sincere for once and feel you’re

distracted.

O

103. 01:05:54 Cause you looking at me like I have a shark

head.

O

104. 01:06:22 We’re never making it to Te Fiti. O

105. 01:06:24 The mission is curse. O

106. 01:06:27 Shark head. O


92


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

107. 01:06:46 Cursed. O

108. 01:06:51 What can I say except, we’re dead soon, we’re

dead soon.

O

109. 01:07:13 You’re gonna give me a speech. O

110. 01:07:15 Tell me I could beat Te Ka cause I’m Maui. O

111. 01:07:21 Take a hike, tiny. O

112. 01:07:31 They show up when I earn them. O

113. 01:07:37 That’s a man’s discovery of Nanya. O

114. 01:07:50 You need to stop doing that. O

115. 01:07:57 Back off. O

116. 01:07:58 I said back off. O


93


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

117. 01:09:00 I wasn’t born a demigod. O

118. 01:09:04 I have human parents. O

119. 01:09:07 They.. they took one look and decided they did

not want me.

O

120. 01:09:15 They threw me under the sea like I was nothing. O

121. 01:09:24 Somehow, I was found by the Gods. O

122. 01:09:26 They gave me the hook. O

123. 01:09:28 They made me... Maui and back to the human I

went.

O

124. 01:09:36 I gave them island, fire, coconuts, anything they

ever want.

O


94


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

125. 01:09:53 It was never enough. O

126. 01:10:33 I, I love you too, buddy. O

127. 01:12:59 I figured it out you know the ocean used to love

when I pull out violence.

O

128. 01:13:08 Find them. O

129. 01:13:10 All those new island, new villages, it was the

water that connected them all and byway the

ocean.

O

130. 01:13:21 Curly hair, non a princess. O

131. 01:13:40 I believe you have officially delivered Maui

across the great sea.

O


95


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

132. 01:13:54 It’s time. O

133. 01:15:14 What...what are you doing? O

134. 01:15:18 We won’t make it. O

135. 01:15:21 Turn around. O

136. 01:15:22 Moana stop. O

137. 01:16:04 I told you to turn back. O

138 01:16:18 It was made by the Gods, you can’t fix it. O

139. 01:16:37 My hook is cracked. O

140. 01:16:39 One more hit and it’s over. O

141 01:16:43 Without my hook, I’m nothing (2 times). O


96


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

142. 01:17:04 No, we’re here because the ocean told you,

you’re special and you believe it.

O

143. 01:17:14 Goodbye, Moana. O

144. 01:17:15 I’m not killing myself so you can prove

something, you’re not.

O

145. 01:17:24 The choice was wrong. O


147. 01:25:45 You’re welcome. O

148. 01:26:24 Short cut. O

149. 01:26:48 Get the heart to the sparrows. O

150. 01:30:43 I’m Maui. O


97


M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

151. 01:31:11 Look, what I did was wrong. O

152. 01:31:16 I have no excuse. O

153. 01:31:18 I’m sorry. O

154. 01:31:37 Thank you. O

155. 01:31:39 Deeply appreciate. O

156. 01:32:31 Gonna miss you drumstick. O

157. 01:32:39 They are already have one. O

158. 01:33:01 See you out there, Moana. O

Total 159 0 7 27 2 42 10 63 6 2 0


98

Appendix 2. Script of Moana movie

Gramma Tala: In the beginning, there was only ocean until the mother island

emerged: Te Fiti. Her heart held the greatest power ever known. It could create

life itself. And Te Fiti shared it with the world. But in time, some begin to seek Te

Fiti's heart. They believed that they could possess it the great power of creation

would be theirs. And one day, the most daring of them all voyaged across the vast

ocean to take it. He was a Demigod of the wind and sea. He was a warrior. A

trickster. A shapeshifter who could change form with the power of his magical

fish hook. And his name was Maui. But without her heart, Te Fiti began to

crumble, giving birth to a terrible darkness. Maui tried to escape, but was

confronted by another who sought the heart: Te Kā, a demon of earth and fire.

Maui was struck from the sky, never to be seen again. And his magical fish hook

and the heart of Te Fiti, were lost to the sea. Where even now, 1000 years later, Te

Kā and the demons of the deep still hunt for the heart, hiding in the darkness that

will continue to spread, chasing away our fish, draining the life from island after

island until every one of us is devoured by the bloodthirsty jaws of inescapable

death! But one day, the heart will be found by someone who would journey

beyond the reef, find Maui, deliver him across the great ocean to restore Te Fiti's

heart and save us all.

Chief Tui: Thank you, Mother, that's enough.

Moana: Papa!

(continued)


http://moana.wikia.com/wiki/Gramma_Tala

http://moana.wikia.com/wiki/Ocean

http://moana.wikia.com/wiki/Te_Fiti

http://moana.wikia.com/wiki/Maui

http://moana.wikia.com/wiki/Chief_Tui

http://moana.wikia.com/wiki/Moana_Waialiki

99


Chief Tui: No one goes outside the reef. We're safe here. There is no darkness.

There are no monsters.

(Children screaming)

Chief Tui: There is nothing beyond that reef but storm and rough sea. As long as

we stay on our very safe island, we'll be fine.

Gramma Tala: The legends are true. Someone will have to go.

Chief Tui: Mother, Motunui is paradise. Who would want to go anywhere else?

Chief Tui: Moana! Oh, there you are. Moana, what are you doing? You scared

me.

Moana: Fun, I wants (us) go back.

Chief Tui: I know, I know, but you don't go out there. It's dangerous. Moana,

come on... Let's go back to the village. You are the next great chief of our people.

Sina: And you'll do wondrous things, my little minnow.

Chief Tui: Oh yes, but first, you must learn where you're meant to be.

Chief Tui: ♫ Moana, make way, make way / Moana, it's time you knew / The

village of Motunui is all you need / The dancers are practicing / They dance to an

ancient song / (Who needs a new song? This old one's all we need) / This tradition

is our mission / And Moana, there's so much to do (Make way) / Don't trip on the

taro root, that's all you need / We share everything we make (We make) / We joke

and we weave our baskets (Aha!) / The fishermen come back from the sea ♫

(continued)


http://moana.wikia.com/wiki/Sina

100


Moana: ♫ I wanna see ♫

Chief Tui: ♫ Don't walk away / Moana, stay on the ground now / Our people will

need a chief and there you are ♫

Chief Tui and Sina: ♫ There comes a day / When you're gonna look around /

And realize happiness is where you are ♫

Chief Tui: ♫ Consider the coconut (the what?) / Consider its tree / We use each

part of the coconut, that's all we need ♫

Sina: ♫ We make our nets from the fibers / The water's sweet inside / We use the

leaves to build fires / We cook up the meat inside ♫

Chief Tui: ♫ Consider the coconuts / The trunks and the leaves / The island gives

us what we need ♫

Moana: ♫ And no one leaves ♫

Chief Tui: ♫ That's right, we stay /We're safe and we're well provided / And

when we look to the future / There you are / You'll be okay / In time you'll learn

just as I did ♫

Chief Tui and Sina: ♫ You must find happiness right where you are ♫

Gramma Tala: ♫ I like to dance with the water / The undertow and the waves /

The water is mischievous, ha! / I like how it misbehaves / The village may think

I'm crazy / Or say that I drift too far / But once you know what you like, well,

there you are /

(continued)


101


You are your father's daughter / Stubbornness and pride / Mind what he says but

remember / You may hear a voice inside / And if the voice starts to whisper / To

follow the farthest star / Moana, that voice inside is who you are ♫

Moana: Dad! I was only looking at the boats. I wasn't gonna get on them.

Chief Tui: Come on. There's something I need to show you. I've wanted to bring

you here from the moment you opened your eyes. This is a sacred place. The

place of chiefs. There would come a time when you will stand on this peak and

place a stone on this mountain. Like I did. Like my father did. And his father and

every chief there has ever been. And on that day, when you place your stone, you

will raise this whole island higher. You are the future of our people, Moana. They

are not out there. There are right here. It's time to be who they need you to be.

Villagers: ♫ We make our nets from the fibers (We weave our nets from the

fibers) / The water's sweet inside (And we'll taste the sweet inside) / We use the

leaves to build fires (We sing these songs in our choir) / We cook up the meat

inside (beat inside) ♫

Chief Tui: ♫ The village believes in us (Ha! That's right!) / The village believes

(Ha!) / The island gives us what we need / And no one leaves ♫

Moana: ♫ So here I'll stay / My home, my people beside me / And when I think

of tomorrow

Villagers: ♫ There we are ♫

(continued)


102


Moana: ♫ I'll lead the way / I'll have my people to guide me / We'll build our

future together ♫

Villagers: ♫ Where we are ♫

Moana: ♫ 'Cause every path leads you back to ♫

Villagers: ♫ Where you are ♫

Moana: ♫ You can find happiness right ♫

Villagers: ♫ Where you are / Where you are ♫

Villager: Every storm, this roof leaks no matter how many fronds I add.

Moana:Not the fronds, wind shifted the post. Mmm... That's good pork. Oh, I

mean... No, I wasn't... What? They calling me, so I gotta... Bye!

Moana: You're doing great.

Villager: Is it done yet?

Moana: So close.

Villager: I'm curious about that chicken eating the rock. He seems to lack the

basic intelligence required for pretty much everything. Should we maybe just

cook him?

Moana: Sometimes our strength lies beneath the surface. Far beneath in some

cases. But I'm sure there's more to Heihei than meets the eye.

Villager: It's the harvest. This morning I was husking the coconuts and...

Moana: Well... We should clear the diseased trees. And we will start a new grove

there.

(continued)


http://moana.wikia.com/wiki/Heihei

103


Villager: Thanks, Moana. She's doing great.

Chief Tui: This suits you.

Villager: Chief! There's something you need to see. Our traps in the east lagoon.

They're pulling out less and less fish.

Moana: Then we'll rotate the fishing ground.

Villager: We have, there's no fish.

Moana: Oh... Then we'll fish far side of the island.

Villager: We tried.

Moana: The windward side.

Villager: And the leeward side. We tried the whole lagoon. They're just... gone.

Villagers:

-What you have tried using for the bait?

-I don't use it as a bait.

-I would talk to the counselor.

-I'm sure we'll...

Moana: What if... we fished beyond the reef?

Chief Tui: No one goes beyond the reef.

Moana: I know. But if there are no fish in the lagoon...

Chief Tui: Moana...

Moana: And there's a whole ocean...

Chief Tui: We have one rule.

(continued)


104


Moana: An older rule, when there were fish.

Chief Tui: A rule that keep us safe!

Moana: But Dad!

Chief Tui: Instead of endangering our people so you can run right back to the

water! Every time I think you're past this. No one goes beyond the reef!

Sina: Well, it's like what you said in front of your dad standing on a boat.

Moana: I didn't say go beyond the reef because I want to be on the ocean.

Sina: But you still do. He's hard on you, because...

Moana: Because he doesn't get me.

Sina: Because he was you. Drawn to the ocean. Down by the shore. He took a

canoe, Moana. He crossed the reef and found an unforgiving sea. Waves like

mountains. His best friend begged to be on that boat. He couldn't save him. He's

hoping he can save you. Sometimes, who we wish we were, what we wish what

we can do is just not meant to be.

Moana: ♫ I've been staring at the edge of the water / Long as I can remember,

never really knowing why / I wish I could be the perfect daughter / But I come

back to the water, no matter how hard I try / Every turn I take, every trail I track /

Every path I make, every road leads back / To the place I know, where I can not

go, where I long to be / See the line where the sky meets the sea? It calls me / And

no one knows, how far it goes / If the wind in my sail on the sea stays behind me /

One day I'll know, if I go there's just no telling how far I'll go /

(continued)


105


I know everybody on this island seems so happy on this island / Everything is by

design / I know everybody on this island has a role on this island / So maybe I can

roll with mine / I can lead with pride, I can make us strong / I'll be satisfied if I

play along / But the voice inside sings a different song / What is wrong with me? /

See the light as it shines on the sea? It's blinding / But no one knows, how deep it

goes / And it seems like it's calling out to me, so come find me / And let me know,

what's beyond that line, will I cross that line? / See the line where the sky meets

the sea? It calls me / And no one knows, how far it goes / If the wind in my sail on

the sea stays behind me / One day I'll know, how far I'll go ♫

Moana: I can do this. There's more fish beyond the reef. There's more beyond the

reef. Not so bad. Pua!

(Gasping for air)

Gramma Tala: Whatever just happened, blame it on the pig.

Moana: Grandma... Are you gonna tell dad?

Gramma Tala: I'm his mom. I don't have to tell him anything.

Moana: He was right. About going out there. It's time to put my stone on the

mountain.

Gramma Tala: Okay. Well, then head on back. Put that stone up there.

Moana: Why aren't you trying to talk me out of it?

Gramma Tala: You said that's what you wanted.

(continued)


106


Moana: It is.

Gramma Tala: When I die, I'm going to come back this one of these. Or I chose

the wrong tattoo.

Moana: Why are you acting weird?

Gramma Tala: I'm the village crazy lady. That's my job.

Moana: If there's something you want to tell me, just tell me. Is there something

you want to tell me?

Gramma Tala: Is there something you want to hear? You've been told all our

people's stories but one.

Moana: What is this place?

Gramma Tala: Do you really think our ancestors stayed within the reef?

Moana: What's in there?

Gramma Tala: The answer to the question you keep asking yourself. Who are

you meant to be? Go inside, bang the drum, and find out.

Moana: Bang the drum.

Matai: ♫ Tatou o tagata folau vala'auina / Le atua o le sami tele e o mai / O ava'e

le lu'itau e lelei / Tapenapena ♫

Voyagers: ♫ Aue, aue / Nuku i mua / Te manulele e tataki e / Aue, aue / Te fenua

te malie / Nae ko hakilia kaiga e / We read the wind and the sky when the sun is

high / We sail the length of the seas on the ocean breeze / At night, we name

every star / We know where we are /

(continued)


http://moana.wikia.com/wiki/Matai

107


We know who we are, who we are / Aue, aue / We set a course to find / A brand

new island everywhere we roam / Aue, aue / We keep our island in our mind /

And when it's time to find home / We know the way / Aue, aue, / We are

explorers reading every sign / We tell the stories of our elders in a never-ending

chain / Aue, aue, / Te fenua, te malie / Nae ko hakilia / We know the way

Moana: We were voyagers. We were voyagers! We were voyagers! We were

voyagers! We were voyagers! Why'd we stop?

Gramma Tala: Maui. When he stole from the Mother Island, darkness fell. Te Ka

awoke. Monsters lurked and boats stopped coming back. To protect our people,

the ancient chiefs forbid voyaging. And now we have forgotten who we are. And

the darkness has continue to spread, chasing away our fish, draining the life from

island after island.

Moana: Our island?

Gramma Tala: But one day, someone will journey beyond our reef, find Maui,

deliver him across the great ocean to restore the heart of Te Fiti. I was there that

day. The ocean chose you.

Moana: I thought it was a dream.

Gramma Tala: Nope! Our ancestors believed Maui lies there at the bottom of his

hook. Follow it and you will find him.

(continued)


108


Moana: But... Why'd it choose me? I don't even know how to make it past the

reef. But I know who does.

Villagers:

-The coconuts are turning black.

-What about the fish?

-It happens all over the island.

Chief Tui: Please. Please. Settle down.

Villagers:

-What are you going to do?

-Who will dig new fields?

Chief Tui: We'll find a way... We...

Moana: ... Can stop the darkness. Save our island. This cave has boats. Huge

canoes. We can take them to find Maui. Make him restore the heart. We were

voyagers. We can voyage again. You told me to help our people. This is how we

can help our people. Dad. What are you doing?

Chief Tui: I should've burned those boats a long time ago.

Moana: No! Don't! We have to find Maui. We have to restore the heart. There is

no heart. This...this is just a rock. No!

Villager: Chief! It's your mother!

Chief Tui: Mother.

(continued)


109


Villagers:

-What can be done?

Gramma Tala: Go.

Moana: Gramma.

Gramma Tala: Go.

Moana: Not now. I can't.

Gramma Tala: You must. The ocean chose you. Follow the fish hook.

Moana: Grandma.

Gramma Tala: And when you find Maui, you grab him by the ear. You say... I

am Moana of Motunui. You will board my boat, sail across the sea, and restore

the heart of Te Fiti.

Moana: I... I can't leave you.

Gramma Tala: There is nowhere you could go that I won't be with you. Go.

Moana: ♫ There's a line where the sky meets the sea and it calls me / But no one

knows how far it goes / All the time wondering where I need to be is behind me /

I'm on my own, to worlds unknown / Every turn I take, every trail I track / Is a

choice I make, now I can't turn back / From the great unknown, where I go alone,

where I long to be / See her light up the night in the sea, she calls me / And yes, I

know, that I can go / There's a moon in the sky and the wind is behind me / Soon

I'll know, how far I'll go ♫

Moana: I am Moana of Motunui. You will board my boat, sail across the sea, and

(continued)


110


restore the heart of Te Fiti. I am Moana of Motu... nui. Hei-hei?! It's okay. You're

alright. Yes... see. There we go. Nice water. The ocean is a friend of mine. Hei-

hei. Hei-hei! Stay. Ok. Next stop, Maui. I am Moana of Motunui. You will board

my boat, sail across the sea and restore the heart of Te Fiti. I am Moana... of...

Mo... tu... Board my boat! Oh, no. No ... no... no...no. No. Ocean. I could use a

little help. No... no. Please. Come on. Help me. Please.

Moana: Ehmm... What? I said help me. And wrecking my boat?! Not helping!

Fish pee in you... all day. So...Maui? Maui. Maui, demigod of the wind and sea, I

am Moana of Motunui. You will board my boat. No. You will board my boat.

Yeah. I am Moana of Motului. You will board my...

Maui: Boat! A boat! The Gods have given me a (screams)

Moana: Maui, shapeshifter, demigod of the wind and sea. I am Moana...

Maui: Hero of Man.

Moana: Wh..What?

Maui: It's actually Maui, shapeshifter, demigod of the wind and sea, hero of man.

I interrupted, from the top, hero of man. Go.

Moana: I am Mo...

Maui: Sorry, Sorry, Sorry, Sorry. And women. Man and women. Both. All. Not a

guy-girl thing. Ah, you know, Maui is a hero to all. You're doing great.

Moana: What? No, I came here to...

(continued)


111


Maui: Oh, of course, of course. Yes, yes, yes, yes. Maui always has time for his

fans. When you use a bird to write with, it's called tweeting. (laughs) I know, not

every day you get a chance to meet your hero.

Moana: You are not my hero. And I'm not here so you can sign my oar. I'm here

because you stole the heart of Te Fiti and you will board my boat, sail across the

sea, and put it back.

Maui: Yeah... It almost sounds like you don't like me, which is impossible

because I got stuck here for a thousand years, trying to get the heart as a gift for

you mortals so you could have the power to create life itself. Yeah. So what I

believe you were trying to say is thank you.

Moana: Thank you?

Maui: You're welcome.

Moana: Wait, no, no, no. I-I didn't... I wasn't... why would I ever say... Maui: ♫

Okay, okay / I see what's happening here / You're face-to-face with greatness and

it's strange / You don't even know how you feel, It's adorable! / Well it's nice to

see that humans never change / Open your eyes, let's begin / Yes it's really me, It's

Maui! Breathe it in / I know it's a lot, the hair, the bod! / When you're staring at a

demigod / What can I say except "You're welcome" / For the tides, the sun, the

sky / Hey, it's okay, it's okay, you're welcome / I'm just an ordinary demi-guy! /

Hey, what has two thumbs and pulled up the sky / When you were waddling yay

high? / This guy! /

(continued)


112


When the nights got cold, who stole you fire from down below? / You're looking

at him, yo! / Oh, also I lasso'd the sun / You're welcome / To stretch your days

and bring you fun / Also, I harness the breeze / You're welcome / To fill your sails

and shake your trees / So what can I say except you're welcome? / For the islands

I pulled from the sea / There's no need to pray, it's okay, you're welcome / I guess

it's just my way of being me / You're welcome, you're welcome / Well, come to

think of it / Kid, honestly I can go on and on / I can explain every natural

phenomenon / The tide, the grass, the ground / Oh, that was Maui just messing

around / I killed an eel, I buried its guts / Sprouted a tree, now you've got coconuts

/ What's the lesson? What is the takeaway? / Don't mess with Maui when he's on

the breakaway / And the tapestry here in my skin / Is a map of the victories I win /

Look where I've been, I make everything happen / Look at that mean mini Maui

just tippity tappin' / Well anyway, let me say you're welcome! / For the wonderful

world you know / Hey, it's okay, it's okay, you're welcome! / Well, come to think

of it, I gotta go / Hey, it's your day to say you're welcome! / 'Cause I'm gonna

need that boat / I'm sailing away, away, you're welcome! / 'Cause Maui can do

anything but float / You're welcome, you're welcome / And thank you!

Moana: Hey, let me out! You lying slimy son of a...

Maui: Mm... Mmm. You're welcome. No... I'm not going to Te Fiti with some

kid. I'm going to get my hook. You have yours, and I'm not Maui without mine.

(continued)


http://moana.wikia.com/wiki/Mini_Maui

113


Okay, talk to the back. Boat snack. Oh, no, no, no. Don't look at me like that. It's a

beautiful cave, she's gonna love it. And I'm going to love you. In my belly. Now,

let's fatten you up, drumstick. I can watch that all day. Okay, enjoy the island.

Maui... Out!

Moana: No. Stop !

Hey, you're pull back the horde.

Maui: Did not see that coming.

Moana: I am Moana of Motunui.This is my canoe. And you will journey to

aahh...

Maui: Alright, get over it. We gotta move.

And she's back.

Moana: I am Moana of Motun..uiiii....

Maui: It was Moana, right?

Moana: Yes. And you will restore the heart.

Maui: Alright, I'm out. Ahh, come on.

Moana: What is your problem? Are you afraid of it?

Maui: No. No, Ha..ha..ha. I'm not afraid. Stay out of it or you're sleeping in my

armpit. You stop it. That is not a heart. It is a curse. The second I took it, I got

blasted out of the sky. And I lost my hook. Get it away from me.

(continued)


114


Moana: Get this away?

Maui: Hah .. hey .. hey... I'm Demigod, okay? Stop that. I will smite you. You

wannna get smote? Listen, that thing doen't give you power to create life. It's a

homing beacon of death. If you don't put it away bad things will come for it.

Moana: Come for this ... The heart. You mean this heart right here... Come and

get it.

Maui: You are gonna get us killed.

Moana: No, I'm gonna get us to Te Fiti. So you can put it back. Thank you.

"You're welcome!"

Maui: Kakamora.

Moana: Kaka... what?

Maui: Murdering little pirates. Wonder, what they're here for ?

Moana: They're kind of cute.

Ocean do something, help us.

Maui: The ocean doesn't help you. You help yourself. You can't sail ?

Moana: I ... I am self-taught? Can't you shift shape or something?

Maui: You see my hook? No magic hook. No magic powers.

Moana: The boat ... is turning into my fault. Yup. I just did best. No, no, no, no.

Hei-hei. Maui. They took the heart.

Maui: That (‘s) a chicken.

(continued)


115


Moana: The heart is in the ...We have to get it back. Mauiii.... There. Right there!

You're turning. What are you doing?

Maui: Escaping.

Moana: The heart.

Maui: Forget it, you're never get it back. Beside, we got a better one. Hey... What

do I gonna steal with? They (‘re) just gonna kill you.

Moana: Coconuts. Hah... Got it. Oo... Oohh... Hey. Yeah... We did it!

Maui: Congratulations, on not being dead, curly. You surprise me but I'm still not

taking that thing back. You wanna get to Te Fiti. You have to go through

the whole oceans and bad. Not to mention Te Ka. Lava monster. Ever defeat a

lava monster.

Moana: No. Have you?

Maui: I'm not going on a suicide mission with some mortal. You can restore the

heart without me. And me says ... No. I'm getting my hook. End of discussion.

Moana: You'll to be a hero. That's what you are about, rights?

Maui: Little girl, I am a hero.

Moana: Maybe you were but now ...Now you're just the guy who stole the heart

of Te Fiti. The guy who cursed the world. Don't know one fellow.

Maui: No one.

Moana: But, put this back. Save the world. You'd be everyone's hero. Maui...

Maui... Maui... Guess what's they say.

(continued)


116


Maui: We never make it, without my hook. Not pass Te Ka.

Moana: Then we get your hook. We get your hook, take out Te Ka. Restore the

heart.Unless you don't wanna be.Maui Demigod of Wind and Sea. Hero to all.

Maui: First, we get my hook.

Moana: Then save the world. Deal?

Maui: Deal. Worth a shot? Okay, we go east. To the Lair of Tamatoa. If anyone

has my hook, it's that bee-eyed bottomfeeder.

Moana: Teach me to sail. My job is to deliver Maui across the great ocean. I

should... I should be sailing.

Maui: It's call Wave Finding, Princess. It's not just sail and not, it's sea where

you're going in your mind. Knowing where you are by knowing where you've

been.

Moana: Okay, first ... I'm not a princess. I'm the daughter of the chief.

Maui: Same difference.

Moana: No.

Maui: If you weary dress, and you have animal sidekick. You're Princess. You're

not a wayfinder. You're never be away find her. You're never be a way. Really?

Blow dart in my buttcheek. You are a bad person.

Moana: If you can talk, you can teach. Way finding. Lesson one ... hit it.

Maui: Pull the sheets. Not the sheets. No. No. No. No. Tried that one already.

(continued)


117


You're measuring the stars. Not giving the sky a hi five. If the current warm,

you're going the right way.

Moana: It's cold. Wait, it's getting warmer. Then it's disgusting. What's wrong

with you? We're here. See, I told you, I can do it. Motunui. I'm home?

Chief Tui: Moana...

Moana: Dad...

Sina: Moana...

Moana: Mom ...

Help ...

Moana: No.

Moana...

Maui: Enjoy your beauty rest. You know a real wayfinder, never sleeps. So they

actually get what they need to go. Muscle up, butter cup. We're here.

Moana: You sure this guy's gonna have your hook.

Maui: Tamatoa... oh yeah have it. He's a skyvenger. Collect stuff, things that look

cool. And for Tomatoa, trust me, my hook is the coolest collected.

Moana: And he lives up there.

Maui: Oh,ho, no, no, no... That's just the entrance to Lalotai.

Moana: Lalotai ? Realm of Monsters. We (‘re) going to the Realms of Monsters.

Maui: We ? No. Me. You are gonna stay here with the other chicken.

(continued)


118


That's what I'm talking about, give me some ... Come on, that was a good one,

how you'd not get it. I called her chicken, that chicken on the boat. I know she's

human, but that's not. You know... forget it. Forget it, I'm not explaining it to

you. What? Cause that is not funny. So, Daughter of the chief, I thought you

stayed in the village. You know, kissing babies and things. Hey, I'm just trying

to understand. Why your people decided to send her. How's my phrases? You.

Moana: My people didn't send me. The ocean did.

Maui: The ocean? makes sense. You're what ? Ape. Can't sail. Obvious choice.

Moana: It chose me for a reason.

Maui: If the ocean so smart, why didn't you just take the heart back to Te Fiti

itself or bring me my hook. The ocean straight up pooky dooks but I'm sure it's

not wrong about you. You're the chosen one.

Moana: The ocean chose you for a reason.

Maui: If you start singing, I wanna throw up.

Moana: So, not seeing entrance.

Maui: Yes, because it only appear after a human sacrifice. Kidding, Ha..ha..ha...

So serious. Do not worry, it's a lot far down there than it looks. I am still Maui.

Moana: Go.

Maui: And he's sticks the landing. What? Dumb-dumb, she's not even here. No

mortals gonna jump into the realm of mon...Well.... She's dead. Okay, let's get

my hook.

(continued)


119


Moana: Maui's fishhook.

Maui: Yeah....

Moana: Sorry. I thought you were a monster, but... I found your hook and you're

right...This Tamatoa really likes the treasure.

Maui: Stay.

Moana: What ? No ? I'm... I'm the one who...

Maui: Listen. For a thousand years,I've only been thinking about keeping this hair

silky, getting my hook, and being awesome again. And it's not getting screwed up

by a mortal. Who has no business inside of a monster cave except -

Except...Maybe as bait.

Moana: *sigh* Wow, the shiny glittering cave. And just like me, it's covered in

sparkling treasure. Sparkle ... Sparkle. Sparkle.

Maui: You're not selling it.

Moana:This is stupid, I'm just gonna walk up there.

Maui: *whisper* You go out there, he will kill you. Just stick to the plan. Oh!

When he shows up, keep him distracted. Make him talk about himself. He loves

bragging about how awesome he is.

Moana: Well, you two must get along perfectly.

Maui:Well not since I ripped his leg off.

Moana: Wait, you did what!?

(continued)


120


Tamatoa: Huhuhuhuuu...What have we here? It's a sparkly, shiny -wait a

minute...It's a human! What are you doing down here in the realms of the monst-

Just pick an eye, babe. I can't- I can't concentrate on what I saying if you keep -

Yep, pick one! pick one! You're a funny looking little thing, aren't you? Oooh

what's this?

Moana: Don't, it's my grandma's.

Tamatoa *mockingly* It's my grandma's. I ate my grandma!!! And it took a week

because she was absolutely humongous. Why are you here?

Moana: Cause you're amazing! And we mortals have heard...the tales about the

crab....who became a legend. And I got to know. How you did you get so

crab...ulous?

Tamatoa: Are you just trying to get me to talk about myself? Because if you are

...I will gladly do so!! In song form!

♫ Well, Tamatoa hasn't always been this glam/I was a drab little crab once../Now

I know, I can be happy as a clam/Because I'm beautiful, baby./Did your granny

say "listen to your heart"/Be who you are on the inside/I need three words to tear

her argument apart/Your granny lied/I'd rather be shiny like a treasure from a

sunken pirate wreck/Scrub the deck and make it look shiny/I will sparkle like a

wealthy woman's neck/Just a sec, don't you know?/Fish are dumb, dumb,

dumb/They chase anything that glitters/Beginners/

(continued)


121


Oh, and here they come, come, come/To the brightest thing that glitters/Mmm,

fish dinners/I just love free food/You look like seafood ♫

Moana:- No !

Maui:Hey! Crab cakes. I'm back. It's Maui time.

Tamatoa: *gasp*

Maui: What do you say, little buddy. Giant hawk? Coming up...Yahoo!!!

Yahooooo....?

Tamatoa:♫ Well, well, well.../Little Maui's having trouble with his look/You

little semi-demi-mini-god/Ouch! What a terrible performance/Get the hook ! ( Get

it ? )/You don't swing it like you used to, man/Yet I have to give you credit for my

start/And your tattoos on the outside/For just like you, I made myself a work of

art/I never hide, I can't/I'm too shiny/Watch me dazzle like a diamond in the

rough/Strut my stuff, my stuff is so shiny/Send your armies but they'll never be

enough/My shell's too tough, Maui man/You could try, try, try.../But you can't

expect a demigod to beat a decapod/Look it up/You will die, die, die/Now it's time

for me to take apart/Your aching heart/Far from the ones who abandoned

you./Chasing the love of these humans/Who made you feel wanted/You try to be

tough/But your armor's just not hard enough/Maui! Now it's time to kick your

hiney/Ever seen someone so shiny?/Soak it in cause it's the last you'll ever

see/C'est la vie mon ami, I'm so shiny/

(continued)


122


Now I'll eat you so prepare your final plea/Just for me/You'll never be quite as

shiny/You wish you were nice and shiny ♫

Moana: Hey! I got something shiny for ya.

Tamatoa: The heart of Te Fiti. You can't run from me! Oh, you can...You keep

surprising me. There's only so far you can get on those two little legs. Hahahaaa.

The power of creation...for the crustacean. Where is it? Where is it?

Moana: We gotta go.

Maui: Wait, what about the heart?

Moana:He can have it! I've got a better one.

Tamatoa: Hahahahaaa Yes! I have the ...

Wait a minute... Ugh!! I see, she's taken a barnacle and she's covered it in bio

illuminescent algae...as a diversion. Grrr!!! Come back here!!! Raaaaahh!!! Oof!!

Ugh!! Huh?

Moana: Yahooooo!!!

Tamatoa:Hey! Hey!!...Did you like the song?

Moana: We're alive. We're alive.

Maui: Listen. I appreciate what you did down there.

Moana: Mm..hmm...

Maui: Took guts. But... I'm sorry. I'm tryin' to be sincere for once, and it feels

you're distracted.

(continued)


123


Moana: No, no, no way.

Maui: Really. Cause you looking at me like I have a ...Shark head.

Moana: Do you have a shark head, cause I ...?

Maui: Look ...The point is ... For little girl, child thing, whatever who had no

business being down there. You did me a solid but you also almost died and I

couldn't even beat the dumb crab. So, chances of beating Te Ka. Bup kiss. We're

never making it to the Te Fiti. This mission is curse.

Moana: It's not cursed.

Maui: Shark head.

Moana: It's not cursed.

Maui: Cursed. What can I say, except we're dead soon.We're dead soon.

Moana: Can't you at least try?

Maui: Giant hook. Hey, it's okay... it's okay. We're dead soon.

Moana: Alright, play time is over. Get up.

Maui: Why? You're gonna give me a speech Tell me I could beat Te Ka cause I'm

...Maui. Take a hike, tiny.

Moana: How do you get your tatoos.

Maui: They show up when I earn them.

Moana: How do you earn that one. What's that for ?

Maui: That's a man's discovery of Nanya.

(continued)


124


Moana: What's Nanya ?

Maui: Non ya'll Business.

Moana: I just keep asking. What's that for ?

Maui: You need to stop doing that. Back off.

Moana: Just tell me what it is.

Maui: I said back off.

Moana: Is that why your hook not working. You don't wanna talk, don't talk. You

wanna throw me off the boat, throw me off. You wanna tell me, I don't know what

I'm doing, I know I don't. I have no idea why the ocean chose me. You're right.

But, my island is dying. So I am here. It's just me and you and I want to help but I

can't, if you don't let me.

Maui: I wasn't born a demigod. I have human parents. They... They took one look

and decided they did not want me. They threw me under the sea like I was

nothing. Somehow I was found by the Gods. They gave me the hook. They made

me... Maui. And back to the human, I went. I gave them island, fire, coconuts.

Anything they ever want.

Moana: You took the hard for them. You did everything for them. So they loved

you.

Maui: It was never enough.

(continued)


125


Moana: Maybe the Gods found you for a reason. Maybe the oceans brought you

to them because it saw someone who worthy of being saved. But the Gods are the

ones who make you Maui. You are.

Maui: Okay, okay. I, I love you too, buddy. Yeah!

Moana: Next stop, Te Fiti. What ?

Maui: I figured it out you know the ocean used to loved when I pull out violence.

Cause your ancestors would sail the seas. Find them. All those new island, new

villages... It was the water that connected them all. And byway the ocean. I think I

be looking for, ehh... Curly hair, non a princess. To start that again. That is little

even nicest thing. You've ever said to me. Probably should've saved that for Te

Fiti. I did, Moana of Motunui. I believ you have officially delivered Maui across

the great sea. Moana, Moana, Moana, it's time.

Moana: Go, save the world. Maui...

Maui: What... What are you doing ?

Moana: Finding you better way in.

Maui: We won't make it.

Moana: Yes, we will.

Maui: Turn around.

Moana: No.

Maui: Moana stop.

(continued)


126


Moana: No. Are you okay? Maui.

Maui: I told you to turn back.

Moana: I thought we can make it.

Maui: We?

Moana: I thought I can make it. We can fix it.

Maui: It was made by the Gods. You can't fix it.

Moana: Next time will be more careful. Te Ka was suck on the barely island. It's

lava. It can't go on the water. We can find a way around.

Maui: I'm not going back.

Moana: What... We still have to restore the heart.

Maui: My hook is cracked. One more hit and it's over.

Moana: Maui you have to restore the heart.

Maui: Without my hook, I am nothing.

Moana: That's not true.

Maui: Without my hook, I am nothing.

Moana: We are only here because you stole the heart in the first place.

Maui: No, we're here because the ocean told you, you're special and you believe

it.

Moana: I am Moana of Motunui. You were board my boat.

Maui: Goodbye, Moana.

(continued)


127


Moana: Sail across the sea,

Maui: I'm not killing myself so you can prove you're something, you're not.

Moana: I just restore the heart of Te Fiti. The Ocean chose me.

Maui: The choice was wrong.

Moana: Maui! Why did you bring me here? I'm not the right person. You have to

choose someone else. Choose someone else. Please.

Gramma Tala: You are a long ways past the reef.

Moana: Grandma.

Gramma Tala: Guess I chose the right tattoo.

Moana: Grandma ! That's right, grandma. I .. I'll crying to it.

Gramma Tala: It's not your fault. I never should have put so much on your

shoulders. If you're ready to go home, I will be with you. Why do you hesitate?

Moana: I don't know.

Gramma Tala: I know a girl from an island. She stands apart from the crowd.

She loves the sea and her people. She makes her whole family proud. Sometimes

the world seems against you. The journey may leave a scar, but scars can heal and

reveal just where you are. The people you love will change you. The things you

have learned will guide you. And nothing on earth

can silence. The quiet voice still inside you and when that voice starts to whisper.

Moana you've come so far. Moana listen.Do you know who you are?

(continued)


128


Moana: Who am I ? I am a girl who loves my island. I'm a girl who loves the sea.

It calls me... I am the daughter of the village chief. We are descended from

voyagers. Who found their way across the world. They call me ... I've delivered us

to where we are. I have journeyed farther. I am everything I've learned and more.

Still it calls me. And the call isn't out there at all. It's inside me. It's like the tide

always falling and raising. I will carry you here in my heart. You remind me. That

come what may. I know the way. I AM MOANA. I am Moana of Motunui.

Aboard my boat, I will sail across the sea and restore the heart of Te Fiti. The

follow us under water, we'll make it pass the barely island. We'll make it to Te

Fiti. None of us, you understand because you are chicken. No! Hei-hei. No, no,

no, no, no.... Te Fiti... Maui! You've came back. But your hook. One more hit, and

...

Maui: Te Ka has gotta catch me first. I've got your back, chosen one. Go, save the

world.

Moana: Maui, thank you.

Maui: You’re welcome. Hey... Te Ka! Shortcut. Moana. Get the heart to the

sparrows.

Moana: Te Fiti. It's gone.

Maui: TE - KA !!

(continued)


129


Moana: Let her come to me. I have crossed the horizon to find you. I know your

name. May have strong in my heart from inside you. But this ... This not define

you. This is not who you are. You know who you are... Who you trully are. Te

Fiti.

Maui: The chicken lives.

Moana: I'm sorry about your hook.

Maui: Well, hook. No hook I'm Maui. Te Fiti. How you've been? Look, what I

did was wrong. I have no excuse. I'm sorry.

Moana: You know, it will be rude to physic of the Goddess.

Maui: Thank you. You kind just sure is. Deeply apreciate. Gonna miss you,

drumstick.

Moana: You can come with us, you know. My people are going to need a ...

master wave finder.

Maui: They are already have one.

Moana: See you out there, Maui.

Maui: See you out there, Moana...

Moana: Mom ... Dad ....

Chief Tui and Sina: Moana...

Moana: I may have gone alone. But always pass the reef.

Chief Tui and Sina: It suits you.

(continued)


130


Villagers: She's back.

- Moana....

- Moana.

- Aue, Aue...

- We set a course to find...

- A brand new island everywhere we roam.

- Aue, Aue...

- We keep our island in our mind.

- And when it's time find home,

- We know the way....

- We are explorers reading every sign.

- We tell the story...

- About our elders in a never ending chain.

- Te Fenua, te Malie.

- Nae ko hakilia.

- We know the way....

- Moana


131

Appendix 3. First Table of Speech Function Categories Used by Moana and Maui

Abbreviations:





(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter



gonna get on them.

O

3. 00:12:15 Bye! O


5. 00:13:19 Well... We should clear the diseased trees and

we will start a new grove there.

O




132


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter






be on the ocean.

O





O




133


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter


me.

O












134


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

29. 00:28:07 We can take them to find Maui, make him

restore the heart.

O




33. 00:28:27 No! (13 times) O

34. 00:28:28 Don’t! O



37. 00:29:35 Not now. I can’t. O




135


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter



O






46. 00:34:40 Please. (2 times) O



(2 times).

O


136


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter



and put it back.

O

50. 00:38:14 Thank you? O


52. 00:42:39 Stop! O



aahh...

O






137


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter



O

60. 00:44:37 No, I’m gonna get us to Te Fiti. So you can put

it back.

O

61. 00:44:41 Thank you. O


63. 00:44:49 Kaka...what? O







138


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter






73. 00:47:53 Coconuts. O


75. 00:48:59 Yeah... we did it! O




O


everyone’s hero.

O


139


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter







O








140


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter


90. 00:57:22 Go! O





O



95. 01:05:00 We gotta go. O





141


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter


100. 01:07:11 Get up. O

101. 01:07:40 What’s Nanya? O




105. 01:08:21 You wanna throw me off the boat, throw me off. O



me.

O



142


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter



You are.

O



113. 01:15:20 Yes, we will. O



116. 01:16:17 We can fix it. O





143


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter










129. 01:19:44 I don’t know. O




144


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter


chicken.

O

133. 01:25:44 Thank you. O

134. 01:27:30 It’s gone. O





finder.

O


Total 177 0 21 55 5 23 11 37 22 3 0


145


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter


2. 00:37:00 Hero of man. O




O

4. 00:37:09 Go! O





tweeting. (laughs)

O


thank you.

O


146


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter








going to love you.

O




20. 00:42:36 Maui...out! O



147


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter




25 00:44:03 You stop it. O



and I lost my hook.

O






create life.

O


148


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter




36. 00:44:47 Kakamora. O









149


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

44. 00:47:38 Escaping. O








O


mortal.

O





150


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter





bottomfeeder.

O





O



wayfinder.

O



151


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter










71. 00:54:13 We’re here. O




152


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

74. 00:54:41 To Lalotai. O









O



153


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter



hook.

O



O




O


looks.

O





154


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

92. 00:59:13 Stay. O




O








101. 01:05:46 But, I’m sorry. O


155


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter


distracted.

O


head.

O



106. 01:06:27 Shark head. O

107. 01:06:46 Cursed. O


dead soon.

O




156


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter





115. 01:07:57 Back off. O





not want me.

O





157


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter


went.

O


ever want.

O





O

128. 01:13:08 Find them. O



ocean.

O



158


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter



O

132. 01:13:54 It’s time. O


134. 01:15:18 We won’t make it. O

135. 01:15:21 Turn around. O

136. 01:15:22 Moana stop. O







159


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter



O




O




148. 01:26:24 Short cut. O


150. 01:30:43 I’m Maui. O




160


M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

153. 01:31:18 I’m sorry. O

154. 01:31:37 Thank you. O





Total 159 0 12 21 5 39 10 62 8 2 0


161

Appendix 4. Table of Speech Function Categories Used by Moana and Maui Checked by Experts

Abbreviations:





(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter



gonna get on them.

O

3. 00:12:15 Bye! O


5. 00:13:19 Well... We should clear the diseased trees and

we will start a new grove there.

O



162


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter







be on the ocean.

O





O


163


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter




me.

O








164


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter





29. 00:28:07 We can take them to find Maui, make him

restore the heart.

O




33. 00:28:27 No! (13 times) O

34. 00:28:28 Don’t! O


165


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter



37. 00:29:35 Not now. I can’t. O





O






166


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter


46. 00:34:40 Please. (2 times) O



(2 times).

O



and put it back.

O

50. 00:38:14 Thank you? O


52. 00:42:39 Stop! O


167


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter



aahh...

O







O

60. 00:44:37 No, I’m gonna get us to Te Fiti. So you can put

it back.

O


168


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

61. 00:44:41 Thank you. O


63. 00:44:49 Kaka...what? O









169


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter




73. 00:47:53 Coconuts. O


75. 00:48:59 Yeah... we did it! O




O


170


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter


everyone’s hero.

O







O





171


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter





90. 00:57:22 Go! O





O




172


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

95. 01:05:00 We gotta go. O





100. 01:07:11 Get up. O

101. 01:07:40 What’s Nanya? O





173


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

105. 01:08:21 You wanna throw me off the boat, throw me off. O



me.

O




You are.

O



113. 01:15:20 Yes, we will. O


174


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter



116. 01:16:17 We can fix it. O









175


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter






129. 01:19:44 I don’t know. O




chicken.

O

133. 01:25:44 Thank you. O


176


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

134. 01:27:30 It’s gone. O





finder.

O


Total 177 0 42 35 4 21 11 36 16 12 0


177


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter


2. 00:37:00 Hero of man. O




O

4. 00:37:09 Go! O





tweeting. (laughs)

O


178


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter


thank you.

O








going to love you.

O



179


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter



20. 00:42:36 Maui...out! O





25 00:44:03 You stop it. O



and I lost my hook.

O


180


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter






create life.

O




36. 00:44:47 Kakamora. O



181


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter







44. 00:47:38 Escaping. O






182


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter




O


mortal.

O








183


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter


bottomfeeder.

O





O



wayfinder.

O




184


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter









71. 00:54:13 We’re here. O



185


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter


74. 00:54:41 To Lalotai. O









O


186


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter




hook.

O



O




O


looks.

O


187


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter




92. 00:59:13 Stay. O




O






188


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter




101. 01:05:46 But, I’m sorry. O


distracted.

O


head.

O



106. 01:06:27 Shark head. O


189


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

107. 01:06:46 Cursed. O


dead soon.

O







115. 01:07:57 Back off. O



190


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter




not want me.

O





went.

O


ever want.

O


191


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter





O

128. 01:13:08 Find them. O



ocean.

O




O


192


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

132. 01:13:54 It’s time. O


134. 01:15:18 We won’t make it. O

135. 01:15:21 Turn around. O

136. 01:15:22 Moana stop. O







193


(continued)

M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter



O




O




148. 01:26:24 Short cut. O



194


M

O

A

N

A

#. Time Sentences

Speech Function

Ins

Reg


Dec Imp Inter

150. 01:30:43 I’m Maui. O



153. 01:31:18 I’m sorry. O

154. 01:31:37 Thank you. O





Total 159 0 5 26 2 27 10 51 6 32 0


the categories of speech functions used by the main

Documents