the causes of the american revolution...the lost colony of roanoke sir walter raleigh created...
TRANSCRIPT
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1585 - 1753
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Colony: a territory under the control of a larger nation
British Colonies began as businesses chartered by the government and funded by investors
Charter: a written contract issued by a government giving a company the right to a establish a colony
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Resources Discovery of gold and silver
Tobacco
Corn
Mercantilism: the belief that a nation’s wealth is based on the amount of precious metals (gold & silver) they own Through exportation and accumulation of precious metals, business boomed
The British government could tax these businesses
The British economy thrived
Competition Spain and France had found success
Religious freedom Disagreed with the Church of England
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Colonies
Provide raw materials/precious metals
Buy finished goods
Could trade only with England
England
Imports cheap materials from colonies
Exports finished goods to colonies and other nations
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“We must always take heed that we buy no more from strangers than we sell them, for so should we impoverish ourselves and enrich them.”
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Hostile Native Americans
Poor soil
Wild, untamed land
Harsh winters
Humid summers
Disease
“There were never Englishmen left in a foreign country in such misery as we were in this newly discovered Virginia.”
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Native American Perspective
“No tribe has the right to sell, even to each other, much less to strangers...Sell a country! Why not sell the air, the great sea, as well as the earth? Didn't the Great Spirit make them all for the use of his children?”
European Perspective
“A right to property is founded in our natural wants, in the means with which we are endowed to satisfy these wants, and the right to what we acquire by those means without violating the similar rights of other sensible beings.”
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The Lost Colony of Roanoke
Sir Walter Raleigh created England’s first colony
Violent Native American tribes
Wild, untamed land
Cold, harsh winters
Starvation
“We found the houses taken down, and the place very strongly enclosed with a high fence of great trees, and one of the chief trees had bark taken off, and five foot from the ground in fair capital letters was carved CROATOAN.”
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Settled by the Virginia Company of London
Year #1: 62 of the original 100 settlers died
Year #2: settlers resorted to eating rodents and snakes
Year #7: tobacco trade saved the colony
Year #15: the Powhatan attacked and killed 25% of the population
Year #16: the Virginia Company failed and Jamestown became a royal colony (owned by the king)
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The Virginia Company…
allowed colonists to own their own land (property ownership)
created the House of Burgesses, a group of elected representatives who made decisions/passed laws for the colony (democratic republic)
Protested when the king eliminated the House of Burgesses (right to protest)
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New England colonies
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut
Middle colonies
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
Southern colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
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Formed by religious dissenters (people who disagree w/ the common view)
Mostly wealthy, highly skilled, and educated
Most populated region (cities)
Economy Fishing
Fur trade
Timber
Iron
Ships
Difficult to farm Subsistence farming: farming that produced only enough to feed the people in town
No plantation farms = no need for slavery
“We must be knit together in this work… We must delight in each other, make others’ conditions our own and rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together…. For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill; the eyes of all people are on us.”
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Pilgrims
Location: Plymouth
Wanted complete separation from the Church of England
Nearly starved to death
Taught by Native Americans to plant native crops (Thanksgiving)
Puritans
Location: Massachusetts Bay
Wanted to change the Church of England
Founded Boston
Valued hard work, education, and representative government
Both were self-governed, they elected officials and made their own laws separate from England
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Not all Puritans agreed
Violence toward Natives?
Forced church attendance?
Separation of church and state (government)?
Religious freedom?
Many left to form their own colonies
Rhode Island (the only New England colony to accept ALL religions)
New Hampshire
Connecticut
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THE QUAKERS
Believed…
Ministers/pastors were unnecessary
Women were spiritually equal to men
Eventually founded Pennsylvania
William Penn
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Watch the videos below and using the information and notes, complete the Pilgrims, Puritans, Quakers chart.
Pilgrims: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwJDraGAV44
Puritans: http://video.pbs.org/video/2310716980/
Quakers: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJXdICz1nA4
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THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT
“We, whose names are underwritten…. having undertaken for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and the honor of our King and country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia…”
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“We have changed our interest. The Interest of New England was religion, which did distinguish us from other English colonies. Now we begin to espouse a Worldly Interest and so choose a new God.”
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Tobacco and rice industry
Plantation farming (no cities)
Fertile soil and year-round crops
Labor-intensive
Required slaves or indentured servants (people who worked for a set time without pay in exchange for free passage to America)
About 68% of the 235,000 African slaves lived in the South and made up nearly half of the entire South’s population
Religious acceptance
The Act of Toleration banned religious persecution
Wealthy
Valuable goods (tobacco/rice) + slave labor = $$$$$$$$$$
“My father had among his slaves carpenters, coopers, sawyers, blacksmiths, tanners, curriers, shoemakers, spinners, weavers and knitters, and even a distiller.”
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Originally founded by the Dutch
England brought ships and forced the Dutch to surrender
Perfect for farming
Rich soil
Mild winters
Did not rely heavily on slaves
Poor immigrants became wealthy landowners
Fur, cattle, grain, tobacco, iron, ships, timber
Religious and ethnic diversity
Quakers, German Lutherans, French Protestants, etc…
“All persons shall, in no ways, be prejudiced for their religious persuasion, or practice, in matters of faith and worship, nor shall they be compelled at any time, to frequent or maintain any religious worship.”
New York was originally New Amsterdam
In many ways, the middle colonies
were a blend between New England
and the southern colonies
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A letter to the Native Americans: “I am very sensible to the unkindness and injustice which have been too much exercised toward you by the people of these parts of the world… I have a great love and regard toward you, and desire to win and gain your love and friendship by a kind, just and peaceable life.”
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In small groups, you will be assigned one of the three regions
New England
Middle Colonies
Southern Colonies
You will create a poster indicating important information about your colony
States within region
Type of industry
Founders
Any other essential details
Afterward, you will conduct a gallery walk and complete a similarities and differences chart about the three regions
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Navigation Acts: laws passed by England to guarantee profit
All goods had to be carried on English ships or on ships made in the English colonies
Products such as tobacco, wood, and sugar could be sold only to England or its colonies
European imports to the colonies had to pass through English ports
Officials were to tax any colonial goods not shipped to England
Led to smugglers (people who import or export goods illegally) and pirates(people who would steal from colonial ships)
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Write 1-2 paragraphs (5-8 sentences each) comparing and contrasting the three colonies (New England, Middle Colonies, Southern Colonies)
Due Wednesday August 8th