philippines american colony
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Philippines under the
American Colony
Philippine History Lecture Third Quarter
American Colonial Policy
They promised to train the Filipinos in Democracy and Self-Government. They want the Philippines to stand on its own as a free and independent nation
They shared power with the Filipinos in the government. Human Rights were protected. They developed the economy, improved hygiene and sanitation, and introduced the public school system.
American Colonial Government
Military Government (August 1898-July 1901)
Gen. Wesley Merritt
Gen. Elwell Otis
Gen. Arthur MacArthur (Father of Douglas MacArthur)
Civil Government (July 1901-August 1902)
The Philippine Commission
The American Gov. Gen. together with the Philippine Assembly or the Philippine Legislature
The Commonwealth of the Philippines
Contributions of the Americans to
the PhilippinesEconomic Progress:
Population Explosion
New Land PolicyFriars land were resold to Filipino farmers
Homestead Act of 1924 allowed Filipinos to own up to 24 hectares of public land
Torrens titles were given to the land owner
Contributions of the Americans to
the PhilippinesAgriculture Increase
In 1902, the Bureau of Agriculture became the first gov’t agency in the Philippines
Free Trade America
Business Flourished
New Industries
Improvement of Transportation and Communications
Better Budget
New Banks
International Exhibitions and Meetings
Economic Problems
We sold our raw materials cheap and bought expensive manufactured goods from America.
Colonial Mentality
Labor and peasant unrest spread in 1920s and 1930s
American Capitalists and businessmen controlled the new companies
Other American contributions
Religious Freedom
Training in Democracy
Free Education
Better Health Service
Introduction of the English Language
Free Press
Democratic Family Life and Social Classes
Emancipation of Women
Recreation, Movies, Theater, Arts and Science
QUIZ:
o They promised to train the Filipinos in Democracy and (1)_______________. They want the Philippines to stand on its own as a free and independent nation.
o In 1902, the (2) _________________ became the first gov’t agency in the Philippines.
o The two types of American Colonial government implemented in the Philippines were (3)__________________ and (4) ________________.
o (5) _________of 1924 allowed Filipinos to own up to 24 hectares of public land.
From Commonwealth to
Republic
Philippine History Lecture Third Quarter
The Commonwealth of the Philippines
o After the Filipinos lost the war to the Americans in 1901, they did not really stop fighting for independence.
o The Filipinos carried on the fight for freedom in three ways:
o Theater and Literature
o Peasant revolts and Communist Party of the Philippines
o Peaceful pressure by the Filipino politicians ending the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935. (Political Campaign for Independence)
I. Freedom Theater and Literature
o Tagalog zaruelas became popular (1902-1905)
o Banned by the Americans
o examples: Tanikalang Ginto by Juan Abad and Kahapon, Ngayon and Bukas by Aurelio Tolentino
o Tagalog writers wrote about the sufferings of the people.
o Lope K.Santos wrote Banaag at Sikat in 1935
o Amado V. Hernandez was both writer and labor leader
o 1907: freedom of the press and the elections
II. Peasant Revolts and Communist
Partyo Peasant Revolts in Surigao, Nueva Ecija, Iloilo, Negros
Occidental, Pangasinan, Laguna and Bulacan
o Sakdalitas: peasant revolt that took place in 1935
o Benigno Ramos: a popular writer and orator who founded the newspaper and a political party named Sakdal
o The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP)
o Founded in Manila by Cristano Evangelista on August 1930
o In 1931, they organized labor strikes throughout the country.
III. Political Campaign for
Independenceo After World War I, Filipino politicians united to
campaign for immediate Philippine Independence.
o Sent independent missions in the US from 1919-1935 in the hope of urging the American Congress to grant independence to the Philippines.
o In 1932, the US Congress passed the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law. It was the first Philippine Independence law passed by the US. The law was passed after the 1931 OSROX mission of Sen. Sergio Osmeña and House Speaker Manuel Roxas.
III. Political Campaign for
Independenceo But the . HHC law did not push through. Osmeña &
Quezon quarreled over it in the Philippine Legislature.
o Political debate took place between the group of Senate President Manuel Quezon who were in favor of the HHC Law against the Anti-HHC Law headed by Osmeña & Roxas. This marked the split of the Nacionalista Party.
o The HHC Law was rejected by the Philippine Legislature in October 17, 1933.
III. Political Campaign for
Independenceo In 1934, US Congress passed the Tydings-McDuffie
Law.
o The law provided that the Philippines would be independent in ten years time.
o A transition government run by Filipinos would be established. This was the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
The 1935 Philippine Constitution
o On July 10, 1934, 202 delegates were elected to a constitutional convention.
o The delegates met for the first time on July 30, 1934.
o Claro M. Recto was elected as convention president.
o On February 08, 1935, the new constitution was approved by the majority of the delegates
o March 23, 1935, Pres. Franklin Roosevelt signed the constitution
o The 1935 Constitution was ratified by the Filipino people in a plebiscite on May 04, 1935
o This constitution served as the Commonwealth in the Philippines (Third Republic)
The Commonwealth of the Philippines
o September 17, 1935: The first national election was held
o Manuel Quezon won as President and Sergio Osmeña as Vice President
o November 15, 1935, the Commonwealth was inaugurated in Luneta
o Manuel Quezon was re-elected for another term on November 1941
o The Commonwealth of the Philippines existed from 1935-1946. It was semi-independent government of the Filipinos under the American colony.
o “I would rather have a government run like hell by Filipinos than a government run like heaven by Americans.”- President Quezon
o The experiment in this Democracy was interrupted by the Second World War
o The Commonwealth leaders went into exile in the US from 1942-1944.
QUIZ: JOKE!! Assignment Lang!
1. Be Ready for a quiz next meeting.
2. Read a book or article related to the Second World War
A. What are causes and effects of WW II in the lives of the Filipinos?
B. Explain the role played by Douglas MacArthur in this part of our history.
C. Describe the “Death March”
D. Describe the Philippines under the Japanese Rule.
E. What is a “puppet government”?
Schedule for the Third Quarter
December 05 Discussion: Americans in the Philippines
December 07 Discussion: World War II
December 10 Discussion: Japanese in the Philippines
December 11 PT 1Activity and Deadline of all PPTs
December 12 Review for the Long Test
December 14 LONG TEST 3.2 and Deadline of the Group PT