the challenge of teaching in a changing society chapter 2
TRANSCRIPT
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The Challenge of Teaching in a Changing Society
Chapter 2
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America’s Challenges
A changing population The changing family The changing nature of
childhood and youth The changing school
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A Changing Population
1999
White 71.9% Black 12.1% Hispanic 11.5% Asian/Other 4.5%
2025
White 62% Black 12.8% Hispanic 18.2% Asian/Other 7%
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A Changing Population
% of Whites will decline
Hispanics will outnumber African-Americans
% of Asian/others will dramatically increase
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A Changing Population
1/3 of Americans will be minorities
% of children in population will decrease from 26% to 24%
Percentage of those over 55 will increase
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Implications for a Changing Population cont.
Teachers must educate a more ethnically and racially diverse population.
Teachers will have an increased ESL population (1 in 5 will be an immigrant household).
Teaching jobs will be in urban areas. Teachers will need to bridge gaps
between seniors and children for schools.
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The Changing Family
Women are bearing fewer children (so children have fewer siblings).
Parents tend to be older, as adults marry later.
Family styles are changing
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Family Styles are Changing
Both parents are working 50% divorce rate (1/4 of
America’s children live in a single-parent household)
Less focus on traditional family obligations
In some cases, grandparents are becoming primary caregivers
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Divorce
¼ of American children live in single-parent households (mostly headed by a female)
Single families headed by women, especially African-American women, are more likely to be poor
2/5 White & 3/5 African Am. children will experience a second divorce
30-40% of all marriages are remarriages, resulting in many blended families
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Children of Divorce
Reduced achievement
Reduced school completion
Increase in early sexual activity, child bearing, and marriage
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Implications for Schools
Some say that the transformed American family is largely unprepared to meet the challenges of raising a child and therefore will call upon government health care institutions, schools, and voluntary organizations to help.
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Family Influence on Schooling
Presence of parents at key times (before & after school) is associated with less negative adolescent behavior.
Children from higher-SES families are more likely to do better in school.
Parent attention, understanding, and love are associated will less early sex, smoking, or substance abuse.
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Family Influence (Stats from One Study)
High % of high achievers came from 2-parent families
Single-parent households:
Disproportionate % of elem. children were tardy Large % created discipline problems K-12 children suspended twice as much 40% of school dropouts 100% of those expelled
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At-Risk Predictors
Health problems at birth Parents without secondary
education Family histories of alcoholism or
mental illness
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Success Predictors
Two-parent families Healthy family culture with a
good work ethic
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How Parents Can Help Children Succeed in School
Hold high parental expectations Reinforce education by encouraging
reading, showing care about school life, finding study area at home
Need strong, ongoing support from schools and teachers
Formal parent involvement programs
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7 Steps to Good Teacher-Family Partnerships
Make partnerships a priority Plan for the partnership Provide parents with regular, positive
communication Find ways to communicate positive messages Provide personalized messages through home-
school journals Provide parents with practical suggestions Reflect on partnership plan and fine-tune it
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Changing Nature of Childhood
Economically disadvantaged children
Children with inadequate supervision
Abused and neglected children At-risk children Hurried children Disengaged children
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Changing Nature of Childhood and Youth
Economically Disadvantaged Children Disproportionate number are minority Receive less medical and dental care Live in substandard housing Wear cast-off and torn clothing Lack affordable day care Have fewer educational resources Move frequently All factors interfere with good school performance
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Children with Inadequate Supervision Babies in daycare may eventually have
insecure relationships At risk for increased illness Latchkey children:
Twice as likely to be under stress Call themselves risk-takers Have conflict with parents Indicate parents are gone too much Are afraid alone Twice as likely to drink, smoke, and use drugs Seek refuge in libraries
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Abused and Neglected Children
Two million children each year Defined as physical or mental injury,
sexual abuse, negligent treatment, or maltreatment of a child under 18 by a person who is responsible for the child’s welfare
All states have laws requiring teachers to report suspect cases
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At-Risk Children
Many live in a single-parent home Unsupervised for long periods Low income Parents have low level of education May have limited English proficiency
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At-Risk Children cont.
May have siblings who are dropouts Perform poorly in school May repeat a grade Do not expect to graduate
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At-Risk Children cont.
Can often be successful if:
They are resilient Had easy temperaments as infants Have a nurturing adult in their lives Have a good reading ability by grade four
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Abused or Neglected Children Appear different from others
in physical or emotional makeup
Parents describe them as bad or different
Child is afraid of parents May have bruises, welts,
or sores Given inadequate
food/medications Receive inadequate
supervision Chronically unclean
Exhibit extreme behavior Wary of physical contact
with adults Exhibit a sudden change in
behavior Have an undiagnosed
learning problem Habitually truant and tardy Tired Chronically tired Dressed inappropriately to
cover wounds
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Hurried Children
Children who are rushed through childhood
Factors Television Working parents Growing materialism
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Disengaged Children
Bored and just going through the motions in school
Factors Negative influence of friends Substance abuse
Signs Reading material unrelated to class Daydreaming Talking with peers Doing work for other classes
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The Changing School
Challenge 1: Foster equality
Challenge 2: Achieve World-class
academic standards
Challenge 3: Support families
Challenge 4: Celebrate diversity
Challenge 5: Utilize technology