the challenges of urbanization urban opportunities urban problems reformers mobilize
TRANSCRIPT
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The Challenges of Urbanization
Urban OpportunitiesUrban ProblemsReformers Mobilize
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Urban Opportunities Urbanization: Growth of cities.
ImmigrantsMigration from rural areas
Innovation in farmingAfrican Americans escaping violence and discrimination in the south.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanization
http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/070_immi.html
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Americanization Movement
Programs aimed at teaching immigrants to be good citizens. English Government History
Programs to teach social skills and American culture
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Urban Problems
HousingTransportationWaterSanitationFireCrime
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Housing Problem:
Housing on outskirts = transportation issues Tenements- cramped living conditions in the
intercity with unsanitary conditions. Solutions:
Row Houses - single family dwellings that share a side wall w/ other similar houses
Laws passed to guarantee minimum standards of plumbing and ventilation.
Dumbbell Tenements – 5 or 6 story buildings with indentations for ventilation.
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Row House Diagram
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Transportation Problem: People traveled on foot or
by horse-drawn vehicles. Solution: Mass Transit – system
designed to move large numbers of people. Street Cars
Cable (San Francisco) Electric (Richmond, VA)
Electric Subway (Boston)
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Water
Problem: Availability of fresh, safe water. Diseases like cholera and typhoid fever No indoor plumbing – had to haul water
from pumps in the street. Solution: Public Water Works
Chlorination in 1893 (New York) Filtration in 1908 (New York)
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Sanitation Problem:
Horse manure, sewage flow through open gutters, air pollution, no dependable trash service
Solution: Sewer LinesCity operated sanitation
departments
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Fire
Problem: Limited water supply to fight fires Buildings made of wood Use of candles and kerosene lanterns Only volunteer firefighters
Solution: Full-time Professional Fire Departments Automatic fire sprinklers in 1874 Replacement of wood buildings with brick,
stone, and concrete
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Crime
Problem:Pickpockets / ThievesCon MenGangs
Solution:Full-time, salaried Police Force
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Reformers Mobilize
Problem: Poverty in CitiesSolution: Social Reformers
Social Gospel MovementSettlement House
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Social Gospel Movement
Social Gospel Movement preached salvation through service.Erected churches in poor
neighborhoods Persuaded some businesses to
treat workers more fairly.
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Settlement Houses Settlement House - community
centers in slum neighborhoods that provide assistance and friendship to local men, women, and children-especially immigrants. Provides educational, cultural, and social
services Jane Addams – social reformer and co-
founder of Hull House in Chicago.
http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/newdesign/idabwells/
http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/urbanexp/timeline/timelinecontents.htm
http://tigger.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/urbanexp/main.cgi?file=img/show_gallery.ptt&gallery=5http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/aa/addams