The Chinese Struggles to The Chinese Struggles to Maintain IndependenceMaintain Independence

By Curtis EdmondsBy Curtis Edmonds

Krista CookseyKrista Cooksey

THESISTHESIS

After the American occupation of Japan, China was able to secure sovereignty for citizens. However, with the appearance of dictators, corruption and internal division, the freedom of citizens appeared to be arbitrary.

China After WWIIChina After WWII

• In 1945 Stalin and Churchill doubted China’s power, and were hesitant to let it become a part of the Council of Foreign Ministers – China’s membership was belittled to managing

problems in the far East

• China was invited to participate in the first five Council meetings in late 1945, but to compromise with Stalin, the U.S. did not invite China to another meeting until July 1946. – In the Post-WWII peace treaties, Italy promised to

withdraw from China, as did Japan

GovernmentGovernment

• Chiang Kia-shek was President of China (1943 – 1949)– In his diary, he wrote about the internal conflicts of his

party, the Kuomintang Party– These conflicts allowed the Chinese Communists,

lead by Mao Tse-Tung

• Mao Tse-Tung took over China and made it Communist, while Kia-shek moved the Chinese gov’t to Taiwan, and created a Nationalist China

The LeadersThe Leaders• Chiang Kia-Shek - Ruled Nationalist China in

Taiwan from 1950 – 1975- Nationalist China was

recognized by the U.S. as the actual Chinese state

• Mao Tse-Tung- Ruled Communist China

until 1978- Was not recognized by the

United States until 1972 by President Nixon

EconomyEconomy• Communist China• 1949 – 1969 - Problems included: agriculture down by 25%;

industrialization down by 50%Solutions:

- Five Year Plans- Nationalized Heavy Industry- Peasants were given millions of acres of land to cultivate

• The Japan-China Importers and Exporters Association (JCIEA) in 1955 – 1968 sought to coordinate and promote trade between China and Japan

SourcesSources

•  Bethell, By Tom. "Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for China." Hoover Institution. Web. 08 Feb. 2011. <http://www.hoover.org/publications/hoover-digest/article/5835>.

• Yoshihide Soeya, Japan's Economic Diplomacy with China, 1945-1978 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998) iii, Questia, Web, 8 Feb. 2011.

• European Peace Treaties after World War II: Negotiations and Texts of Treaties with Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, Rumania, and Finland, ed. Amelia C. Leiss and Raymond Dennett (Boston: World Peace Foundation, 1954) i, Questia, Web, 8 Feb. 2011.

• "China After WW II." TELUS Internet Services - Member Services. Web. 08 Feb. 2011. <http://www3.telus.net/EKaminski/china.htm>.