the civil rights movement 1964 - 1968. challenges and changes in the civil rights movement 1964-68...
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THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
1964 - 1968
Challenges and Changes in the Civil Rights Movement 1964-
68
New Leaders
Black Nationalism
Increased violence
JOHNSON& CIVIL RIGHTS
1964-68
Northern Segregation
Inner City Ghettos
De facto segregationWhite Flight
CIVIL RIGHTS LEADERS& the Black Power Movement
Malcolm X
Stokely Carmichael
Huey Newton
Eldridge Cleaver
Bobby Seale
Race Riots
Harlem , Rochester 1964 New York
Los Angeles1965 Watts RiotsCalifornia
Detroit1967 Michigan
1968 : The Commission on Civil Disorders
Urban Violence
THE KERNER COMMISSION
“Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black , one white – separate and unequal.”
MALCOLM X
Nation of Islam
Radical Views
Black Pride
Racial Separation
“Concerning nonviolence: It is criminal to teach a man not to defend himself when he is the constant victim of brutal
attacks.” 1964
Elijah Muhammed
“Well, if you and I don’t use the ballot , we’re going to be forced to use the bullet. So let us try the
ballot.”1965
Ballots or Bullets ?
Rally in Harlem, June 29, 1963, at the height of his popularity as a public speaker.
Malcolm X
Malcolm X“Concerning nonviolence:
It is criminal to teach a man not to defend himself when he is the constant victim of brutal attacks . It is legal and lawful to own a shotgun or a rifle. …The time has come for the American Negro to fight back in self-defense whenever and wherever he is being unjustly and unlawfully attacked.”
1964
MLK & Malcolm X “Well, if you and I don’t use the ballot , we’re going to be forced to use the bullet. So let us try the ballot.”
1965Ballots or Bullets Speech
Malcolm X : 1925-1965
Gunned down three months before his 40th birthday, Malcolm X's life was cut short just when his thinking had reached a critical juncture.
Stokely Carmichael
SNCC
Black Power
“This is the twenty-seventh time I have been arrested – and I ain’t going to jail no more !… We been saying freedom for six years – and we ain’t got nothin’. What we’re gonna start
saying now is BLACK POWER.”
Black separatism + self sufficiency
Black pride + cultural heritage of blacks
Self assertion + retaliation against violence
1968 :Olympic Gameso Mexico Cityo Black
medalists raise fists for Civil Rights Movement
o The two men were Tommie Smith and John Carlos
Black Panthers
Huey NewtonBobby Seale
self defense
self sufficiency
justice and equality
Oakland , CA
founders
1966
Black Panther Party
Founders: (left) Bobby Seale -
national chairman:(right) Huey Newton
- defense minister
Eldridge CleaverBlack Panther leader
Black Panther Rally
Police and Panthers face off at Oakland Courthouse
Black Panther Rally
1968
Martin Luther King , Jr. Assassinated
Robert F. Kennedy Assassinated
End of Civil Rights Movement
Maya Angelou - 1993“Lift up your faces ,you
have a piercing need For this bright morning
dawning on you . History , despite its
wrenching pain, Cannot be unlived,but if faced with courage need not be lived again.
Lift up your eyesUpon this day breaking
for you. Give birth again To the dream.” -On the Pulse of Morning
-
CONTROVERSY continuedand continues
Bussing Racial Profiling
Affirmative Action
Reverse Discrimination
IS IT
OR
James Brown 60s soul artist SAY IT LOUD
I’m Black and I’m Proud