The civil war of America

The Civil WarBy: Alex FarrowB http://www.rbhayes.org/hayes/content/images/civil_war_research/3b4977wagner.jpg?694908

The civil warStarting dateApril 12, 1861 at the battle at Fort Sumter

Ending dateApril 9, 1865 at the Appomattox Courthouse

The causes of the war:States rightsSlavery

The Union statesCaliforniaConnecticutIllinoisIowaKansasMaineMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaNevadaNew Hampshire

New YorkNew JerseyOhioOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandVermont

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The Confederate StatesTexasArkansasLouisianaMississippiTennesseeAlabamaGeorgiaFloridaSouth Carolina

North CarolinaVirginia

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Border StatesMarylandKentuckyMissouriDelawareWest VirginiaThese states believed in slavery but they did not believe in seceding from the union.

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Presidents of the warAbraham Lincoln was the president of the union forces and was elected actually as the president of the United Stated right before the warJefferson Davis was elected the president of the confederate states after the war startedhttp://www.authorama.com/files/abraham-lincoln.gifhttp://www.knowledgehouse.info/images/Jefferson_Davis.png

The Alliances of the confederacyThe insufficient supplies of the confederate army put them on a great setback. All they knew how was plant crops and grow tobacco in most cases.They greatly needed guns and ammunitionThey relied on these countries to supply them with these thingsGunsAmmunitionCannonsGunpowder

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The battle of Fort SumterBattle started on April 12, 1861 in Fort Sumter South Carolina, right of the coast of Charleston.The confederates had taken control of South Carolina except Fort Sumter.The confederates needed this fort to control all of South CarolinaThe confederates, lead by, Brigadier General Beauregard launched an attack on the union troops catching them off guard.The battle lasted for two days usually stopping at night for they couldnt see. General Meade held the confederates off for those days but finally surrendering the fort which handed the confederates South Carolina.The war was startedThere were no causalities in this battle on either sides!!

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The First Battle Of Bull Runhttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/_IKRWduiHSLI/TTzST-R18eI/AAAAAAAABR8/4r41pNWb7yw/s1600/Bull%2BRun.jpg

The first battle of Bull RunJuly 21, 1861Occoquan River or Manassas, VirginiaUnionBrigadier General Irvin McDowell (Union) had a plan that he was going to march down to Richmond Virginia to capture the capital of the Confederacy with his army (the union).ConfederateBrigadier General Beauregard commanded the confederate troops in this battle. During the battle General Beauregard needed fresh supplies so relied on Colonel Jackson to fend off the Union troopsAfter Jackson held the union soldier off until General Beauregard gathered supplies they launched a counter attack

Counter AttackThe Confederate troops pushed the union back until they were forced to retreat to Washington D.C.AftermathAfter the battle Colonel Jackson received the nickname Stonewall Jackson for holding off the union troops while General Beauregard gathered suppliesCausalitiesUnion2,896Confederate1,982SignificanceThis battle symbolized that this war was going to be long and bloody.

Battle Of GettysburgJuly 1-3, 1863Gettysburg, PennsylvaniaUnionThe union under control by General George Meade wanted to stop the Confederate troops from traveling north.93,921 troopsConfederateThe confederates under control by General Robert E. Lee were traveling north to attack the unions stronghold in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Engaging any Union troops in his way.71,699 troopsThe BattleThe battle lasted three days longDay one: the Confederate troops outdueled the unions and forced a retreatDay two: Union troops held their ground all day despite the heavy attacks from the Confederates.Day three: 12,500 Confederate troops attacked Union troops on Cemetery Ridge also known as Pickett's Charge. Even though this was a heavy charge the Union troops held them off with great artillery fire.

http://www.whyguides.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/gettysburgbattle.jpgBattle of Gettysburg continuedCausalitiesUnion:23,0553,155 killed14,531 injured5,399Captured or MissingConfederate:23,2314,708 killed12,693 Wounded5,830 Captured or Missing

Lee took the blame upon himself after the loss to the Union.The battle signaled the turning point for the Union for they became more successful after that battle.Also had the most troops and causalities that any other war

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2nd battle of Fort Fisherhttp://blog.markjohnsoncustomhomes.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/fort20fisher2003-1020c.jpg2nd Battle of Fort FisherJanuary 13-15, 1865After the Union failed to capture the Fort at Fort Fisher from the Confederates the union launched the second attack at Fort fisher.The Blockade runners supplied all of the Confederates by traveling down to the Bahamas were the English were, and traded cotton and tobacco for guns and ammunition. The Fort was made all of Earth and sand.

UnionMajor General Alfred Terry who commanded 9,000 Union soldiersRear Admiral David D. Porter commanded 60 ships outside of the Fort.ConfederateMajor General W.H.C. Whiting commanded Colonel William Lamb who commanded 1,900 troops inside Fort Fisher.Robert F. Hoke commanded 6,400 ground troops just north of the Fort (Wilmington)General Bragg didnt want Hokes troops to go any further because he wanted Wilmington to stay safe

2nd Battle At Fort Fisher continuedThe Battle:General Terry landed below Hokes troops and above the Fort and stated to move down towards the Fort Porters ships attacked the Fort with heavy artillery fire for two days!At 2:30 p.m. on the second day the naval attacked stopped giving way to a full fledged land attack.This battle included fierce hand to hand combatGeneral Whiting and Colonel Lamb was killed.The surrender call was given by Confederates by 10:00 p.m.This battle led to the battle at Wilmington which was won by the UnionThat cause the close up of the last confederate port.

CausalitiesUnion-1,338Confederate-583

http://images.ookaboo.com/photo/s/Capture_of_Fort_Fisher_s.jpgThe Battle of Five ForksApril 1st, 1865Dinwiddie county, VirginiaUnionMajor General Phillip Sheridan commanded 17,000 menLieutenant Ulysses S. Grant ordered Sheridan's troops to push southwest of Petersburg hoping to push General Robert E. Lees right flank away from the city.ConfederatesMajor General George E. Pickett commanded 9,200 menGeneral Lee told Pickett to hold The Railroad at five forks at all costs.

BattleMajor General Phillip Sheridan moved quickly to the confederate forces but had to slow down due to the muddy roads and the faulty maps.Sheridan attacked with quickness at the front with his cavalry while his other troops attacked from the side.The attack was so delayed that General Pickett was attending a dinner.The confederates retreated until they were surrounded and were forced to retreat.This battle helped Grant decide that he was going to attack Petersburg which happened the next dayLees lined were broken up after the battle so that forced him to retreat towards Appomattox County.

ContinuedCausalitiesUnion803 killedConfederates604 killed as well as 2,400 captured

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The Battle of Appomattox CourthouseApril 9, 1865Appomattox County, VirginiaAfter the capturing of Petersburg, General Robert E. Lee left the capital of the confederates.He and his troops were heading southwest towards North Carolina but encountered Lt. General Ulysses S. Grants troopsOn April 7th, Lees received a letter from Grant requesting a surrender. But Lee refused.Lee refused because he was waiting for supplies at the Appomattox train station, he thought that he could win if he had some more supplies.

On April 8th, before the confederates got their the union calvery burned their supplies.On April 9th in the morning Lee was attacked by a small fleet of Grants troops, but were finished off easily.Lee continued on were he encountered the rest of Grants troops.Lee surrendered.Surrenderon April 9th at 11:50 a.m., Lee sent a letter to Grant telling him that he had agreed to surrender.

Continued..Agreeing termsThe major artillery would be turned over to he unionAll side arms, horses, and mules would remain under their control.No imprisonment for committing treason or going against your own government. That is what the Confederates did.CausalitiesUnion- 164 killedConfederate-500 killed and 27,800 surrendered

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The END of the Civil WarApril 9th, 1865Appomattox courthouse, VirginiaGeneral Robert E. Lee officially surrendered to lt. General Ulysses S. Grant in the Appomattox Courthouse.This surrender pretty much ended the war.General Lees clothes were very mangled when he surrendered, while, on the other hand Grant was dressed up and had trimmed up beard for the occasion.After the SurrenderAfter the surrender there were still 175,000 troops still out in the field.The last battle surrendered by the confederates was on June 23, 1865.

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WeaponsCannonsNapoleon-12 pound shot

Howitzer-12,24,32 pound shotEffective range of 250-1700 yards

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RiflesThe civil war rifle was used by both sides in the war and from 1859-1872A muzzleloaderIts accuracy is from 100-400 yardsThe bullet is combined with gunpowder

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PistolsColt 1851 Navy which was used by the confederates in the war.Single action, holds six shotsAccurate 50-75 yards or 25-50 yards

Colt Army 1860 which was used by the union in the war.Single action, holds six shotsAccurate 50-75 yards or 25-50 yards

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http://www.astronomy-pictures.net/telescopes/telescope-image-large/leet-hall-civil-war-pistol-bullet-scarce_190491667021.jpgBoth of these pistols shot this bullet

Swords1850s officer sword was used by both sides usually by an officer

Bayonet: attached to the end of a rifle used to stab people after firedClose combatWhat its good for

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TransportationThe main transportation for supplies was trains.They were also used for transporting whole armies at a time

Horses were used for transportation and for maneuvering in a battle also known as the cavalry section of the army

If neither of these things are available the troops had to walk from battle to battle or from base to base.

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Civil War ShipsU.S.S. MonitorFully Armored shipComplete with a full rotating turret on top

C.S.S. North CarolinaAn ironclad warship used for heavy artillery fire.

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How did the Civil War effect our future?The civil war in my perspective changed my future in plenty of ways. If the Civil War had not been fought we might have still kept slaves and the idea that every man is created equal would not be fulfilled, and states could have seceded whenever they wanted to. We might have fifty states with fifty different governments. Or we might not have fifty states at all. Freedom of speech might have never come into play or our we might not have states rights.

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